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Joint Utility or Sub-optimal Outcomes? Household Income Development of Same-Sex and Different-Sex Couples Transitioning to Parenthood in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden 联合效用还是次优结果?丹麦、芬兰、挪威和瑞典同性和异性伴侣过渡到为人父母阶段的家庭收入发展
3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x231194305
Maaike van der Vleuten, Marie Evertsson, Ylva Moberg
Unequal divisions of paid work and care among new parents contribute to increasing inequalities. One explanation for this is joint utility maximization and the benefits of partners (temporarily) specializing in paid work and care. This paper examines the (dis)advantages of specializing compared to dividing tasks more equally by studying whether differences in specialization between same-sex and different-sex couples lead to differences in household earnings after entering parenthood. Using register data from Norway, Finland, Denmark, and Sweden and examining first-time parents, we show that female couples have a more equal within-couple income development during the transition to parenthood than different-sex couples do. However, we find no differences in household income (including or excluding social transfers) between the two types of couples. Although a more equal task division may be preferred from an individual perspective, our results show no evidence of a “best strategy” when it comes to maximizing household income.
新父母之间有偿工作和照顾的不平等分工加剧了不平等。对此的一种解释是共同效用最大化和(暂时)专门从事有偿工作和护理的合作伙伴的利益。本文通过研究同性和异性伴侣之间的专业化差异是否会导致成为父母后家庭收入的差异,来检验专业化与更平等地分配任务相比的(非)优势。利用挪威、芬兰、丹麦和瑞典的登记数据,并对首次为人父母的夫妇进行了调查,我们发现,在向为人父母过渡的过程中,女性夫妇的收入发展比异性夫妇更平等。然而,我们发现两类夫妇的家庭收入(包括或不包括社会转移)没有差异。虽然从个人角度来看,更平等的任务分工可能更可取,但我们的研究结果显示,在家庭收入最大化方面,没有证据表明存在“最佳策略”。
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引用次数: 0
Women’s Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence in Sindh, Pakistan: An Analysis of Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey 巴基斯坦信德省妇女对亲密伴侣暴力的态度:多指标聚类调查分析
3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x231201977
Faisal Abbas, Verda Salman
Intimate partner violence is a major impediment to gender equality in developing countries like Pakistan, which requires thorough analysis to ascertain the extent of prevalent violence and identify its underlying causes. Consequently, this study aims to empirically examine the factors associated with women’s attitudes toward violence in Sindh province (the second largest by population, income, and employment in Pakistan) using Sindh Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey data. The province presents an ideal candidate for studying intimate partner violence as it is quite uneven in terms of development. Our results reveal a high prevalence of intimate partner violence, with 55% of married women providing an affirmative answer to any one scenario of wife beating in the Sindh province. Multivariate regression analyses results of our study found that higher education, access to media, and the wealth status of both partners are protective factors against attitudinal acceptance of violence.
亲密伴侣暴力是巴基斯坦等发展中国家性别平等的主要障碍,需要对其进行彻底分析,以确定普遍暴力的程度并确定其根本原因。因此,本研究旨在利用信德省多指标类集调查数据,对信德省(巴基斯坦人口、收入和就业第二大省份)妇女对待暴力态度的相关因素进行实证研究。该省是研究亲密伴侣暴力的理想候选地,因为它在发展方面相当不平衡。我们的研究结果显示,信德省亲密伴侣暴力的发生率很高,55%的已婚妇女对任何一种殴打妻子的情况都给出了肯定的答案。本研究的多元回归分析结果发现,高等教育、媒体接触和伴侣双方的财富状况是防止态度上接受暴力的保护因素。
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引用次数: 0
Sandwiched Mothers: Parent Involvement and Mother’s Subjective Well-Being 夹在中间的母亲:父母参与与母亲的主观幸福感
3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x231201978
Christopher E. Near
I investigated subjective well-being (SWB)—happiness, meaningfulness, sadness, stress, and tiredness—of 7,087 mothers, engaged in 11,154 cases of activities in which their children were present, using the Conservation of Resources theory. Results of OLS analysis of data from the American Time Use Study suggested that the presence of her parent(s) during the activities was associated positively with the mother’s happiness and negatively with her stress. Total time spent with her parent(s) was positively associated with the mother’s tiredness. Co-residence with parents was not significantly related to the mother’s SWB. The association between the mother’s SWB and her involvement with parents was positively moderated by demographic variables that may have increased her need for core resources in the form of kin support. The focus on sandwiched activities in which a mother engaged with her children and parents permitted direct assessment of how those activities affected the mother’s SWB.
我利用资源保护理论,调查了7087位母亲的主观幸福感(SWB)——快乐、有意义、悲伤、压力和疲劳,这些母亲参与了11154个有孩子在场的活动。美国时间使用研究数据的OLS分析结果表明,在活动期间父母的存在与母亲的幸福感呈正相关,与母亲的压力呈负相关。与父母在一起的总时间与母亲的疲劳程度呈正相关。与父母同住与母亲的主观幸福感无显著相关。人口统计变量可能增加了母亲对亲属支持形式的核心资源的需求,从而正调节了母亲的幸福感与她与父母的参与之间的关系。把重点放在母亲与孩子和父母一起参与的夹在中间的活动上,可以直接评估这些活动如何影响母亲的幸福感。
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引用次数: 0
Do Stepmothers Pay a Wage Penalty? 继母要付工资吗?
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/0192513X221087723
Mel Day, R. Glauber
There is an abundance of research on the motherhood wage penalty, but few studies have looked at stepmotherhood and its association with women’s work hours, labor market experience, and wages. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979–2016) this study presents results of descriptive statistics and fixed effects regressions. We find that married residential stepmotherhood is a relatively transitory experience. Further, the transition to parenthood was associated with a reduction in all women’s time at work, but was smaller for stepmothers and larger for biological mothers. Compared to married biological mothers, residential stepmothers spent more time at work, accumulated more labor market experience, and did not pay a motherhood wage penalty. These results broaden our understanding of how different pathways to motherhood may impact the nature of women’s relationships with their children, and in turn, other aspects of women’s lives including women’s work–family experiences.
有大量关于母亲工资惩罚的研究,但很少有研究关注继母及其与女性工作时间、劳动力市场经验和工资的关系。利用全国青年纵向调查(1979–2016),本研究提供了描述性统计和固定效应回归的结果。我们发现,已婚家庭继母是一种相对短暂的经历。此外,为人父母的转变与所有女性工作时间的减少有关,但继母的工作时间较小,生母的工作时间较大。与已婚的亲生母亲相比,居住在家的继母花更多的时间在工作上,积累了更多的劳动力市场经验,并且没有支付母亲工资。这些结果拓宽了我们对不同的母亲之路如何影响女性与子女关系的性质的理解,进而影响女性生活的其他方面,包括女性的工作和家庭经历。
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引用次数: 0
Predictors of Positive and Negative Parenting Practices Among Mothers of Two-to-Three-Year-Old Children: Findings From Tirana, Albania 阿尔巴尼亚地拉那地区2至3岁儿童母亲积极和消极育儿行为的预测因素
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x231198593
Klea Ramaj
The purpose of this article is to determine the predictors of positive and negative parenting practices among mothers of two-to-three-year-old children in Tirana, Albania. Cross-sectional data were obtained from a representative sample of 328 mothers of two-to-three-year-old children recruited through eight randomly selected public nurseries in Tirana. Results from bivariate regressions showed significant associations between the key relevant maternal characteristics and maternal parenting practices, in line with previous studies conducted in Western societies. Results from multiple regressions showed that maternal attitudes towards child maltreatment were a dominant significant predictor of negative parenting practices (punitive parenting, inconsistent parenting, and child maltreatment) and that maternal sense of parental competence was a dominant significant predictor of positive parenting practices. The findings suggest a strong, consistent link between maternal belief systems and parenting practices among mothers of toddlers in Tirana and call for the implementation of parent training programmes that address attitudes towards child maltreatment and sense of parental competence in the Albanian society.
本文的目的是确定阿尔巴尼亚地拉那两到三岁孩子的母亲积极和消极育儿做法的预测因素。横断面数据是从地拉那八家随机选择的公立托儿所招募的328名2至3岁儿童的母亲的代表性样本中获得的。双变量回归的结果显示,与西方社会先前进行的研究一致,关键相关的母亲特征与母亲养育方式之间存在显著关联。多元回归的结果表明,母亲对虐待儿童的态度是消极育儿做法(惩罚性育儿、不一致育儿和虐待儿童)的显性显著预测因素,而母亲的父母能力感是积极育儿做法的显性显著预测因素。研究结果表明,地拉那幼儿母亲的母亲信仰体系与育儿实践之间存在着强有力的、一致的联系,并呼吁实施家长培训方案,解决阿尔巴尼亚社会对虐待儿童的态度和家长能力感问题。
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引用次数: 0
Will Adults’ Happiness be Affected by Childhood Parental Divorce? Evidence From China 童年父母离婚会影响成年人的幸福吗?来自中国的证据
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x231194292
Yiwei Liu, Zhenglian Ren
Happiness is an important dimension to measure the quality of life. The divorce rate of Chinese families has been increasing in recent years, so will adults' happiness be affected by childhood parental divorce? Data were derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, a nationwide social survey project that was conducted among Chinese individuals aged 45 or older in 2014. The results show that childhood parental divorce was significantly negatively associated with happiness, and health condition, education level, and social interaction mediated this relationship. We should analyze the influence of early age factors on happiness from the perspective of life cycle, and actively deal with the factors that have negative effects on happiness, thus improving the quality of life in adulthood.
幸福是衡量生活质量的一个重要维度。近年来,中国家庭的离婚率一直在上升,那么童年父母离婚会影响成年人的幸福吗?数据来源于中国健康与退休纵向研究,这是一项全国性的社会调查项目,于2014年在45岁及以上的中国人中进行。结果表明,童年父母离婚与幸福感呈显著负相关,健康状况、教育水平和社会交往介导了这种关系。我们应该从生命周期的角度分析早期因素对幸福感的影响,积极处理对幸福感产生负面影响的因素,从而提高成年后的生活质量。
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引用次数: 0
A Sense of Connectedness in Reproductive Donation. Contrasting Policy With Donor and Donor Kin Lived Experience 生殖捐赠中的连通性。政策与捐赠者和捐赠者亲属生活经历的对比
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x231194285
Petra Nordqvist, L. Gilman
This article asks how well new developments in family life are reflected in law and policy, with a particular focus on donor conception. There has been an unprecedented ‘opening up’ of family life in recent decades; this increased diversity is, at least in part, linked to developments in reproductive technologies, including gamete donation. In family lives touched by donation, genetic relations with ‘donor connections’ take genetic connectedness beyond traditional notions of kinship. There is not yet an established social script for how to understand what constitutes meaningful connectedness in reproductive donation. Focussing on the UK context specifically, where assisted conception is highly regulated, this article examines on the one hand, how UK law and policy portray meaningful connectedness in the context of donation, and, on the other hand, how well this fits with connectedness as experienced within egg and sperm donor communities. Drawing on original data from UK law and policy analysis, and empirical interview data with egg and sperm donors and their kin, our analysis shows important disparities between law and policy, and the empirical evidence, suggesting a need for an overhaul of UK donor conception law and policy.
这篇文章询问家庭生活的新发展在法律和政策中反映得如何,特别关注捐赠者的概念。近几十年来,家庭生活出现了前所未有的“开放”;这种多样性的增加至少在一定程度上与生殖技术的发展有关,包括配子捐赠。在受捐赠影响的家庭生活中,具有“捐赠者关系”的基因关系使基因联系超越了传统的亲属关系概念。对于如何理解生殖捐赠中什么是有意义的联系,目前还没有一个既定的社会脚本。本文特别关注英国的情况,在英国,辅助受孕受到高度监管,一方面,英国的法律和政策如何在捐赠的背景下描绘有意义的联系,另一方面,这与卵子和精子捐赠者群体中的联系有多好。根据英国法律和政策分析的原始数据,以及对卵子和精子捐献者及其亲属的实证采访数据,我们的分析显示了法律和政策以及实证证据之间的重要差异,表明有必要对英国捐献者受孕法律和政策进行全面改革。
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引用次数: 0
Happier When (We Think) We All Get Along: Satisfaction With Perceived Relationships Among Family Members and Parents’ Mental Health 当(我们认为)我们相处得更幸福:对家庭成员之间感知关系和父母心理健康的满意度
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x231197401
Reilly Kincaid
Harmonious family relationships are integral to well-being. Given that family relationships are fundamentally interdependent, parents’ well-being may be shaped not only by satisfaction with their own relationships with their family members but also by their perceptions of their family members’ relationships with each other. This study examines how parents’ mental health is shaped by satisfaction with (their perceptions of) the relationships among their children (i.e., perceived children–sibling relationships) and between their spouses and their children (i.e., perceived spouse–child relationships). Analyses using HILDA survey data ( N = 43,913 person-years) suggest that parents’ satisfaction with their children’s relationships with each other and their spouse’s relationship with their children are indeed associated with better mental health, primarily through their roles in shaping satisfaction with parent–child and spousal relationships, respectively. Parent–child and spouse–child relationship satisfaction are especially important to mothers’ mental health. Findings contribute to family systems research and offer practical implications for promoting family well-being.
和谐的家庭关系是幸福的组成部分。鉴于家庭关系从根本上是相互依存的,父母的幸福可能不仅取决于他们对自己与家庭成员关系的满意度,还取决于他们对家庭成员彼此关系的看法。本研究考察了父母对子女之间(即感知到的子女-兄弟姐妹关系)和配偶与子女之间(即感知到的配偶-子女关系)关系的满意度(即感知到的配偶-子女关系)如何影响父母的心理健康。利用HILDA调查数据(N = 43,913人年)进行的分析表明,父母对子女彼此关系的满意度以及配偶对子女关系的满意度确实与更好的心理健康有关,主要是通过他们分别在塑造亲子关系和配偶关系满意度方面的作用。亲子和配偶子女关系满意度对母亲的心理健康尤为重要。研究结果有助于家庭制度研究,并为促进家庭福祉提供实际意义。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Value of Children in the Context of China’s Modernization Transition 中国现代化转型背景下的儿童价值探析
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x231197407
Yanyu Xia, Aruna Wu, Dan Li, Lingling Wu, Jingxin Han
The perception of the value of children (VOC) can elucidate why individuals consider it beneficial to have children by uncovering their subjective intentions and experiences regarding their fertility decisions. Using VOC perceptions to understand fertility change in the modernization process, this qualitative study explores how parents’ VOC change meshes with China’s socioeconomic and cultural contexts. This article examines intergenerational VOC evolution under the support and constraints of socioeconomic environments and cultural norms. Grandparents, embedded in the rural economy and traditional culture, exhibit economic/utilitarian and social/normative VOC. Young parents, living, and having grown up in urban economic and modernized cultural contexts, recognize emotional/psychological VOC for fertility intention. Migrant parents living in urban economies but bound by traditional culture believe that social/normative VOC is important for fertility intention. The results advance understanding of the integration of individuals’ psychological intentions with the socioeconomic-cultural contexts that influence their fertility and VOC.
对孩子价值的感知(VOC)可以解释为什么个人认为有孩子是有益的,通过揭示他们的主观意图和经验,他们的生育决定。本定性研究利用VOC感知来理解现代化进程中的生育变化,探讨了父母VOC变化与中国社会经济和文化背景的关系。本文研究了在社会经济环境和文化规范的支持和约束下,挥发性有机化合物的代际演变。植根于农村经济和传统文化的祖父母,表现出经济/功利和社会/规范的VOC。在城市经济和现代化文化背景下生活和成长的年轻父母,认识到情感/心理VOC对生育意向的影响。生活在城市经济体但受传统文化约束的流动父母认为,社会/规范VOC对生育意愿很重要。研究结果促进了对个体心理意向与影响其生育能力和VOC的社会经济文化背景的整合的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Perspectives on Sexual Socialization from a Sample of Black Heterosexual College Women 从黑人异性恋大学生样本看性社会化
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-20 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x231194284
Helyne Frederick, J. Wade, S. Parker, Hannah Dillon, Stacie Durocher, D. Wilson
Informed by ecological and Black feminist approaches, this inductive, thematic analysis analyzed narratives from 24 Black college women, ages 18–25, about the sexual socialization they received from multiple agents within and outside of the family. The themes were: Avoidance, Safety and Consent, Fun and Action-Centered Acts, (Mis)Information About Sexual Health, Gendered Norms, and Purity versus Sexual Freedom. The women received messages of avoidance, purity, safety, consent, and gendered norms, from their families and schools. Peers and media socialized women to view sex as fun and action centered. Given the persistent increases in sexually transmitted infections and diseases, and formation of longer-lasting romantic relationships during the college years, it is important for young adult women, including Black women, to receive adequate knowledge and skills to advocate for safe and healthy romantic sexual relationships. Implications of the findings are discussed.
在生态和黑人女权主义方法的指导下,这项归纳的主题分析分析分析了24名18-25岁的黑人大学女性关于她们从家庭内外的多个主体那里获得的性社会化的叙述。主题是:回避、安全和同意、以娱乐和行动为中心的行为、关于性健康的(错误)信息、性别规范以及纯洁与性自由。这些妇女从家庭和学校收到了回避、纯洁、安全、同意和性别规范的信息。同龄人和媒体使女性将性视为乐趣和以行动为中心。鉴于性传播感染和疾病的持续增加,以及在大学期间形成更持久的浪漫关系,包括黑人女性在内的年轻成年女性必须获得足够的知识和技能,倡导安全健康的浪漫性关系。讨论了研究结果的含义。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Family Issues
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