中国经济评论最新文献

英文中文

The productivity and political radicalism of the Chinese cooperative movement1

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2025.102357

Pei Lu , Yuan Liu

The productivity and political incentive of the Chinese cooperative movement are still in controversy. Theoretically, the cooperative brings both scale effect and monitoring cost, and the free exit rights reduce the monitoring cost and raise the net revenue, but the radicalism lowers the effort input and the net benefit for insufficient labor incentives. Meanwhile, the provincial leaders with lower Party ranks will behave more radically in cooperative movement for promotion incentives. Using the provincial participation rate of all kinds of cooperatives from 1950 to 1956, we find that the temporary mutual aid groups perform the same as household farming; the regular mutual aid groups, elementary cooperatives, and advanced cooperatives experience increasing output loss. The Party secretaries of alternate members and non-members behave more radically in cooperative movement and thus are more likely to be promoted than the Party secretaries of full members. We confirm that the cooperatives had already triggered a productivity decline before Great Lead Forward that was controversial between Lin(1990) and Kung (1993), and we also clarify the disputes on the political radicalism in authoritarian China between Kung and Chen(2011) and Yang et al.(2014).

{"title":"The productivity and political radicalism of the Chinese cooperative movement1","authors":"Pei Lu , Yuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.chieco.2025.102357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chieco.2025.102357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The productivity and political incentive of the Chinese cooperative movement are still in controversy. Theoretically, the cooperative brings both scale effect and monitoring cost, and the free exit rights reduce the monitoring cost and raise the net revenue, but the radicalism lowers the effort input and the net benefit for insufficient labor incentives. Meanwhile, the provincial leaders with lower Party ranks will behave more radically in cooperative movement for promotion incentives. Using the provincial participation rate of all kinds of cooperatives from 1950 to 1956, we find that the temporary mutual aid groups perform the same as household farming; the regular mutual aid groups, elementary cooperatives, and advanced cooperatives experience increasing output loss. The Party secretaries of alternate members and non-members behave more radically in cooperative movement and thus are more likely to be promoted than the Party secretaries of full members. We confirm that the cooperatives had already triggered a productivity decline before Great Lead Forward that was controversial between Lin(1990) and Kung (1993), and we also clarify the disputes on the political radicalism in authoritarian China between Kung and Chen(2011) and Yang et al.(2014).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48285,"journal":{"name":"中国经济评论","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102357"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

External trade policy uncertainty, corporate risk exposure, and stock market volatility

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102331

Hongkui Liu , Jiasheng Yu , Guohao Tang , Jian Chen

The increasing uncertainty surrounding China's external trade policies significantly escalates the adverse effects on firms' exports and operational management. This uncertainty amplifies corporate stock price volatility, thus challenging stock market stability. This study examines the influence of external trade policy uncertainty on the risk exposure of Chinese firms and stock market stability. We find that in the short term, shocks from external trade policy uncertainty increase Chinese firms' risk exposure and intensify stock market volatility; however, these adverse effects do not persist long term. The results also indicate that although short-term market sentiment fluctuations lead to temporary declines in stock market stability, the absence of significant long-term declines in corporate performance underpins the market's fundamental stability. Chinese firms intensify their research and development investments and enhance their product quality to diminish the negative effects of external trade policy uncertainty.

引用次数: 0

Safety regulations and firm productivity

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102335

Xiaowei Chen , Zhilin Hu , Liguo Lin

We investigate the effects of safety regulations on the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and overall performance of firms. We focus on the industrial safety regulation—the Decision on Further Strengthening Work Safety—implemented in 2004 to address the frequent occurrence of industrial accidents. Industrial safety accidents, due to their potential for causing significant casualties, substantial social impact, and clear accountability in a short timeframe, often receive heightened attention from local government officials, in contrast with environmental pollution incidents. We discovered that safety regulations notably decrease the TFP of firms. Their overall output, profits, export volumes, and other aspects of business performance, including financing costs, are adversely affected. Additionally, innovation initiatives and the number of new entrants also significantly declined. Firms respond to increased costs by reducing labor input, but there is no change in capital input. Furthermore, the study contrasts the differing impacts of industrial safety accidents and environmental pollution incidents. Despite the negative effects of the safety regulations on TFP as well as other economic outcomes, there are social welfare gains caused by the safety regulations. This research provides insights into the interplay between social governance and corporate development. It suggests that when the government engages in necessary social governance, it should provide targeted policy support to offset the negative effects on business operations and create a more favorable business environment.

{"title":"Safety regulations and firm productivity","authors":"Xiaowei Chen , Zhilin Hu , Liguo Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the effects of safety regulations on the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and overall performance of firms. We focus on the industrial safety regulation—the Decision on Further Strengthening Work Safety—implemented in 2004 to address the frequent occurrence of industrial accidents. Industrial safety accidents, due to their potential for causing significant casualties, substantial social impact, and clear accountability in a short timeframe, often receive heightened attention from local government officials, in contrast with environmental pollution incidents. We discovered that safety regulations notably decrease the TFP of firms. Their overall output, profits, export volumes, and other aspects of business performance, including financing costs, are adversely affected. Additionally, innovation initiatives and the number of new entrants also significantly declined. Firms respond to increased costs by reducing labor input, but there is no change in capital input. Furthermore, the study contrasts the differing impacts of industrial safety accidents and environmental pollution incidents. Despite the negative effects of the safety regulations on TFP as well as other economic outcomes, there are social welfare gains caused by the safety regulations. This research provides insights into the interplay between social governance and corporate development. It suggests that when the government engages in necessary social governance, it should provide targeted policy support to offset the negative effects on business operations and create a more favorable business environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48285,"journal":{"name":"中国经济评论","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102335"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The bad neighborhood effect: Supply chain disruptions arising from neighboring wars

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102329

Haoyuan Ding , Junjie Tang , Mo Zhang

In the 21st century, African nations continue to grapple with recurring civil conflicts and persistent economic challenges. This study demonstrates a novel and critical channel through which wars hinder Africa's long-term growth: isolating African firms from global supply chains. Leveraging a unique dataset containing conflict data and information on supplier-customer relationships, we provide empirical evidence of the disruptive effects of neighboring conflicts on the overseas customer relationships of African firms. These conflicts impose multiple shadow costs on nearby peaceful nations. Furthermore, our findings show that wars cause more substantial harm to non-natural-resource industries in Africa, making it harder for them to maintain international customer relationships.

引用次数: 0

The effects of African civil conflicts on FDI: The moderating role of bilateral political relations

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102326

Hao Xiao , Bin Tang , Li Dai

Civil conflicts have replaced international conflicts as the primary political risk to the stability and prosperity of Africa, bringing uncertainty to foreign direct investment (FDI). Meanwhile, closer bilateral political relations provide institutional guarantee to safeguard the interests of stakeholders. This paper investigates the influence of civil conflicts on foreign direct investment in Africa, and the modulating role of bilateral political relations between home and host countries. We relax the assumption that all forms of civil conflicts are homogenous in the effects on FDI and construct a unique data set for FDI to Africa from China, the United States, and Europe between 2013 and 2019. The study results show significant FDI-deterring effects of civil conflict and one-sided violence, with the former more pronounced in low-income and sub-Saharan African countries and to Chinese and British investors. And closer bilateral political relations can alleviate the detrimental effects of civil conflicts, especially one-sided violence, on FDI. Our findings confirm the strategic role of bilateral relationship in ensuring the interest of Chinese multinational corporations and the stability and prosperity of African countries.

{"title":"The effects of African civil conflicts on FDI: The moderating role of bilateral political relations","authors":"Hao Xiao , Bin Tang , Li Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Civil conflicts have replaced international conflicts as the primary political risk to the stability and prosperity of Africa, bringing uncertainty to foreign direct investment (FDI). Meanwhile, closer bilateral political relations provide institutional guarantee to safeguard the interests of stakeholders. This paper investigates the influence of civil conflicts on foreign direct investment in Africa, and the modulating role of bilateral political relations between home and host countries. We relax the assumption that all forms of civil conflicts are homogenous in the effects on FDI and construct a unique data set for FDI to Africa from China, the United States, and Europe between 2013 and 2019. The study results show significant FDI-deterring effects of civil conflict and one-sided violence, with the former more pronounced in low-income and sub-Saharan African countries and to Chinese and British investors. And closer bilateral political relations can alleviate the detrimental effects of civil conflicts, especially one-sided violence, on FDI. Our findings confirm the strategic role of bilateral relationship in ensuring the interest of Chinese multinational corporations and the stability and prosperity of African countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48285,"journal":{"name":"中国经济评论","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102326"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smart city policy and export technology sophistication: Investigating linkages and potential pathways

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102333

Congyu Zhao , Ximing Luo , Cong Dong , Xiucheng Dong

China has been actively promoting the development of smart cities as part of its national agenda, which is seen as a way to enhance urban management and high-quality development. This paper intends to empirically investigate the impact of smart city policy on export technology sophistication, based on the prefectural-level dataset in China's 285 cities during the period 2005–2018. We also conduct a series of robustness tests including the parallel trend test and the placebo test. We then also investigate their heterogeneous nexus, and the potential impact mechanisms. The main findings are as follows. First, baseline results reveal the positive relationship between smart city policy and export technology sophistication, which highlights that smart city policy plays a significant role in accelerating export technology sophistication in China's cities. Second, we analyze their heterogeneity from the perspectives of the characteristics and endowments of the sample cities. Smart city policy shows a more effective promoting effect on export technology sophistication in the capital cities, large-and-medium cities, as well as resource-based cities. Third, the mechanism discussions indicate that environmental regulation and technological progress are two significant mediators, which means that smart city policy affects export technology sophistication by stimulating environmental regulation and technological progress. Our findings are of both theoretical and practical significance for realizing export upgrading.

{"title":"Smart city policy and export technology sophistication: Investigating linkages and potential pathways","authors":"Congyu Zhao , Ximing Luo , Cong Dong , Xiucheng Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China has been actively promoting the development of smart cities as part of its national agenda, which is seen as a way to enhance urban management and high-quality development. This paper intends to empirically investigate the impact of smart city policy on export technology sophistication, based on the prefectural-level dataset in China's 285 cities during the period 2005–2018. We also conduct a series of robustness tests including the parallel trend test and the placebo test. We then also investigate their heterogeneous nexus, and the potential impact mechanisms. The main findings are as follows. First, baseline results reveal the positive relationship between smart city policy and export technology sophistication, which highlights that smart city policy plays a significant role in accelerating export technology sophistication in China's cities. Second, we analyze their heterogeneity from the perspectives of the characteristics and endowments of the sample cities. Smart city policy shows a more effective promoting effect on export technology sophistication in the capital cities, large-and-medium cities, as well as resource-based cities. Third, the mechanism discussions indicate that environmental regulation and technological progress are two significant mediators, which means that smart city policy affects export technology sophistication by stimulating environmental regulation and technological progress. Our findings are of both theoretical and practical significance for realizing export upgrading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48285,"journal":{"name":"中国经济评论","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102333"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender earnings gap in Chinese firms: Can it be narrowed by industrial robots?

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102328

Yue Deng , Aiya Feng , Dezhuang Hu

Drawing on data from the China Employer–Employee Survey, this study examines the effect of industrial robots on gender earnings disparities and delves into the underlying mechanisms. Our analysis reveals that male workers earn 16.3 % more per month than their female counterparts, with over 90 % of this gap originating within firms. Subsequently, we observe that firms adopting industrial robots tend to exhibit a narrower gender earnings gap within the firm. Additionally, we determine that the inverse relationship between industrial robots and the within-firm gender earnings gap is predominantly observed in the lowest-earning segment. These findings remain robust even when employing various robustness checks, including instrumental variable estimation. Further investigation uncovers that the reduction of the gender earnings gap within firms is achieved by firms disproportionally displacing female workers engaged in repetitive tasks; however, this may potentially exacerbate gender inequality across the entire labor market.

引用次数: 0

Environmental regulation and equilibrium unemployment in China: Evidence from a multiple-sector search and matching model

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102336

Zhe Li , Pinjie Lyu , Jianfei Sun

We build a two-sector general equilibrium model that incorporates abatement technologies and search-and-matching frictions in the labor market to examine how different environmental regulations affect emission reduction and unemployment. By emphasizing the role of various decisions of micro firms, labor market frictions, and the cross-sectoral labor movement in the transmission process of environmental regulation, we demonstrate the conflict between environmental regulation and unemployment in different parts and aspects of economic behavior, providing a theoretical basis for analyzing and solving the contradiction of “environmental governance-economic sustainability-unemployment”. Using Chinese data to calibrate the model, we find that the equilibrium unemployment caused by the environmental regulation during the 12th Five-Year Plan period is far less than the reduction in production employment of directly regulated enterprises caused by the same environmental regulation, which proves that the econometric regression method with regulated enterprises as the research object will greatly overestimate the unemployment effect of environmental regulation. However, we predict that during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, as environmental regulations become stricter, the intertwining of strict regulations and labor market frictions will make the transfer effect less effective in mitigating the direct negative impact of environmental regulations on employment. We also discover that there are two main reasons why quotas generate less unemployment than emission taxes when the same total emission reduction target is achieved: (1) Quota leads to more job creation caused by abatement requirements, while emission tax does not cause such job creation until a reasonably high threshold is reached. The emission tax causes the shrinking of the polluting sector by adding the cost of the emission tax to the product price and transferring it to consumers, which boosts the negative scale effect of environmental regulation on unemployment. (2) Under the emission tax, more unemployed workers move into the clean sector, resulting in labor market congestion and economic structural imbalances, cutting down the ability of the clean sector to absorb unemployed workers.

{"title":"Environmental regulation and equilibrium unemployment in China: Evidence from a multiple-sector search and matching model","authors":"Zhe Li , Pinjie Lyu , Jianfei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We build a two-sector general equilibrium model that incorporates abatement technologies and search-and-matching frictions in the labor market to examine how different environmental regulations affect emission reduction and unemployment. By emphasizing the role of various decisions of micro firms, labor market frictions, and the cross-sectoral labor movement in the transmission process of environmental regulation, we demonstrate the conflict between environmental regulation and unemployment in different parts and aspects of economic behavior, providing a theoretical basis for analyzing and solving the contradiction of “environmental governance-economic sustainability-unemployment”. Using Chinese data to calibrate the model, we find that the equilibrium unemployment caused by the environmental regulation during the 12th Five-Year Plan period is far less than the reduction in production employment of directly regulated enterprises caused by the same environmental regulation, which proves that the econometric regression method with regulated enterprises as the research object will greatly overestimate the unemployment effect of environmental regulation. However, we predict that during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, as environmental regulations become stricter, the intertwining of strict regulations and labor market frictions will make the transfer effect less effective in mitigating the direct negative impact of environmental regulations on employment. We also discover that there are two main reasons why quotas generate less unemployment than emission taxes when the same total emission reduction target is achieved: (1) Quota leads to more job creation caused by abatement requirements, while emission tax does not cause such job creation until a reasonably high threshold is reached. The emission tax causes the shrinking of the polluting sector by adding the cost of the emission tax to the product price and transferring it to consumers, which boosts the negative scale effect of environmental regulation on unemployment. (2) Under the emission tax, more unemployed workers move into the clean sector, resulting in labor market congestion and economic structural imbalances, cutting down the ability of the clean sector to absorb unemployed workers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48285,"journal":{"name":"中国经济评论","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102336"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Publish or perish: Up-or-out rules and research performance of universities

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102337

Bingyan Yang , Ruiming Liu , Chuanbin Liu , Yang Shi

Many organizations worldwide have adopted up-or-out rules, but little causal evidence is provided on their effectiveness. Using the introduction of the up-or-out rules in China Shenzhen University in 2016, we provide the first causal evidence of the impact of the rules on organizational performance using the synthetic control method. We find that up-or-out rules significantly boosted the quantity and quality of publications at Shenzhen University relative to the counterfactuals. Specifically, the WOS, SCI, SSCI, journal impact factor (JIF) weighted WOS, JIF weighted SCI, and JIF weighted SSCI publications had an annual average increase of 1695, 1409, 215, 9278, 9145, and 812, which implied a 3.5-fold, 4.1-fold, 10.9-fold, 9.3-fold, 9.2-fold, and 19.7-fold increase, respectively, relative to the average output per year before the reform (2006–2015). The result remains robust after a series of tests. The mechanism analysis revealed that the increase was driven by the up-or-out rules' ability to effectively motivate both newcomers and incumbents to enhance their publication efforts. Further analysis indicates that the rise in English publications did not come at the expense of Chinese publications or the quality of teaching.

{"title":"Publish or perish: Up-or-out rules and research performance of universities","authors":"Bingyan Yang , Ruiming Liu , Chuanbin Liu , Yang Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many organizations worldwide have adopted up-or-out rules, but little causal evidence is provided on their effectiveness. Using the introduction of the up-or-out rules in China Shenzhen University in 2016, we provide the first causal evidence of the impact of the rules on organizational performance using the synthetic control method. We find that up-or-out rules significantly boosted the quantity and quality of publications at Shenzhen University relative to the counterfactuals. Specifically, the WOS, SCI, SSCI, journal impact factor (JIF) weighted WOS, JIF weighted SCI, and JIF weighted SSCI publications had an annual average increase of 1695, 1409, 215, 9278, 9145, and 812, which implied a 3.5-fold, 4.1-fold, 10.9-fold, 9.3-fold, 9.2-fold, and 19.7-fold increase, respectively, relative to the average output per year before the reform (2006–2015). The result remains robust after a series of tests. The mechanism analysis revealed that the increase was driven by the up-or-out rules' ability to effectively motivate both newcomers and incumbents to enhance their publication efforts. Further analysis indicates that the rise in English publications did not come at the expense of Chinese publications or the quality of teaching.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48285,"journal":{"name":"中国经济评论","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102337"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Air pollution and entrepreneurship

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102327

Liwen Guo , Zhiming Cheng , Massimiliano Tani , Sarah Cook , Jiaqi Zhao , Xi Chen

We investigate the effect of exposure to air pollution on entrepreneurship using panel data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. To address endogeneity arising from location choices and omitted variable bias, we employ a two-way fixed effects model with an instrumental variable approach. We find that adults exposed to high levels of air pollution are unlikely to become employer entrepreneurs or have diversified household entrepreneurial activities. Specifically, a one unit increase in air pollution leads to a decrease in the propensity for entrepreneurship by 1.6 percentage points and a decrease in the likelihood of household entrepreneurial diversity by 2.1 percentage points. We find that risk propensity, networking consumption, self-efficacy, and the city's highly educated migrants are the main channels through which air pollution impacts entrepreneurship. Our findings also reveal that air pollution has a more significant negative impact on individuals with lower education levels compared to their more educated counterparts.

引用次数: 0

首页上一页

下一页尾页

类型

全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

中国经济评论

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

﹀