中国经济评论最新文献

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Unveiling paradoxes of access: How higher education expansion shapes intergenerational educational mobility in China's admission quota system

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2025.102353

Jingfang Liu , Yang Yue , Junjian Zhu

This study explores the impact of China's higher education expansion, focusing on the regional admission quota system, on intergenerational educational mobility and household investment behavior. We analyze the extent to which these educational expansions reshape family responses across socio-economic groups and the subsequent effects on social mobility disparities. Our theoretical framework posits that increased access to higher education induces heterogeneous household reactions, driven by differing resource availability and socio-economic contexts. As a result, the actual mobility prospects are significantly shaped by the strategies families adopt within the competitive quota-based system. Empirical findings suggest that while the expansion has widened general access, it has not significantly enhanced upward mobility for disadvantaged groups due to their constrained capacity to leverage these opportunities. Conversely, households characterized by higher educational attainment, urban residency, or greater financial resources are better equipped to capitalize on these expanded opportunities, thereby deepening socio-economic inequalities. This analysis highlights the dual nature of regional admission quotas: while intended to promote equity, they often perpetuate educational disparities. Family-level strategies thus emerge as crucial determinants of intergenerational mobility outcomes. These findings highlight the need for targeted policy interventions to mitigate inequities in the quota system by enhancing the capacity of disadvantaged households to benefit from expanded educational opportunities, ultimately fostering equitable outcomes across socio-economic groups.

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing optimal consumption: Experimental insights into nudging borrowing behavior via a life cycle model

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2025.102349

Xue Zhou , Xiaolan Yang , Xuejun Jin , Lele Zhang

Consumer credit is a vital tool for achieving optimal consumption across an individual's lifetime. However, owing to cognitive limitations and individual biases regarding credit usage, irrational borrowing behaviors often prevent consumers from reaching their optimal consumption levels. This paper investigates how to nudge borrowing behavior to achieve optimal consumption decisions through an intertemporal consumption decision experiment based on a life cycle model. Focusing on two dimensions—the causes of irrational borrowing behavior and the types of nudge approaches—this study designs four nudging interventions: default consumption, policy communication, strategy advice, and case learning. The experimental results indicate that individual consumption behavior deviates from the theoretically predicted optimal level. Notably, default consumption and case learning significantly enhance consumption optimization through both cognitive-oriented mechanisms, which address deviations due to cognitive limitations, and affective-oriented mechanisms, which counter individual biases, such as debt aversion or a preference for saving. Strategy advice, while effective through cognitive-oriented mechanisms, does not engage affective-oriented mechanisms and thus does not significantly reduce consumption deviations. Moreover, the effectiveness of these nudging approaches is influenced by individual characteristics such as gender, education level, financial literacy, risk attitudes, and patience. Importantly, the nudge approaches of default consumption and case learning are effective not only among student subjects but also among non-student subjects. The findings of this paper provide behavioral evidence for the design of policies aimed at achieving optimal consumption through improved borrowing decisions.

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引用次数: 0

Measuring child poverty in rural China: Evidence from households with left-behind and non-left-behind children

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2025.102354

Yangcheng Yu , Shi Li , Yuanyuan Chen

China has achieved a comprehensive victory against extreme poverty, yet whether every individual has been lifted out of poverty remains relatively unexplored. Children are the most susceptible to intra-household inequality as their consumption is primarily controlled by their supervisors, making the standard per-capita indices unsuitable for assessing their poverty. This paper employs the DLP model to estimate children's resource shares and poverty rates among various household types in rural China. Based on a representative sample, we demonstrate that left-behind children (LBC) receive approximately 5 % fewer resource shares and are ten times more likely to fall into poverty than non-left-behind children (NLBC). Girl children, compared to boys, generally reside in larger families with more children, resulting in smaller portions of household consumption and higher poverty rates. Further analysis strengthens the validity of our identification and indicates that our measure of child poverty is largely consistent with household consumption patterns. While most rural children have been lifted out of extreme poverty, child poverty remains severe when assessed against the standards of developed countries.

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引用次数: 0

Effects of wealth on the intensity of competition: Evidence from a lab experiment

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2025.102352

Jun Zhao , Zhiqiang Dong , Weicheng Li , Hanqi Zhang

Competition is a primary form of human social interaction and also serves as a distribution mechanism. Wealth determines the amount of resources that competition participants can invest and is a crucial factor influencing competitive input. To date, the effects of wealth growth on competition intensity remain unclear. To clarify the effects of wealth growth among competition participants on competitive behavior, we employ a between-group design to study how individuals with different initial wealth levels compete. We find that when initial wealth is equal, the relationship between wealth growth and competitive input is monotonically increasing. When initial wealth is unequal, unilateral wealth growth has different effects on the poor and the rich. When the wealth of the rich increases and the wealth gap widens, the competitive input from both sides does not change significantly. However, when the wealth of the poor increases and the wealth gap narrows, competitive input from both sides increases significantly, intensifying competition; this results in negative net income for both sides and leads to substantial social losses. These behaviors are propelled by the combined influences of wealth expansion and the widening wealth disparity. Wealth growth significantly impacts individual bidding, while the wealth disparity has a negative effect on the bidding of the poor. The conclusions of this paper may help to explain the phenomenon of intensified social competition as the wealth disparity increases.

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引用次数: 0

Fiscal decentralization and food production: Evidence from Province-Managing-County reform in China

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102342

Hongqi Ma , Cong Qin , Jingxian Zou , Wei Zhang

China launched the Province-Managing-County reform in 2004. Since then, the transfer payments, particularly for agricultural purposes, were directly allocated to the reformed counties from their superordinate provincial government, bypassing the initial intermediary cities. The reformed counties also reserved a larger share of tax revenue within the adjusted tax-sharing arrangement with upper cities. Based on the gradual roll-out of the reform, we utilize a difference-in-differences approach and a county panel ranging from 2003 to 2018, finding that the fiscal reform contributes to the promotion of food production. Theoretically, the fiscal reform would affect food production through the changes of fiscal self-sufficiency and transfer payments. However, the results only provided evidence to support the latter channel. That is, the Province-Managing-County reform raised agricultural expenditure by effectively allocating transfer payments (mainly special transfer payments) to counties, leading to a significant enhancement of land productivity at the county level, primarily manifested in an increase in the per unit area of irrigated land.

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引用次数: 0

The relaxation of birth control policies adversely affects women's income: Evidence from China's universal two-child policy

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102340

Zihao Chen , Xu Tian

We examine the impact of the relaxation of birth control policies on women's income. By leveraging variations in birth control polices in China following the implementation of the Universal Two-Child Policy in 2016, we find that the relaxation of birth control significantly reduces women's income and further exacerbates the intra-household income gap. Further investigation into potential mechanisms reveals that the negative impact of the UTC policy on women's income may be primarily due to the motherhood penalties associated with having a second child, as well as labor market discrimination stemming from perceived fertility intentions and increased familial responsibilities. Our study provides crucial insights for policymaking concerning fertility growth and the refinement of fertility support measures.

引用次数: 0

Industrialize with tax structure change: Agricultural tax abolition and local industrial growth in China

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102339

Meng Tang

This paper examines how the abolition of agricultural tax contributes to local industrialization in China through the local government's responses. Based on difference-in-differences analysis, this paper demonstrates that the agricultural tax abolition significantly increases the county-level secondary sector's share in GDP and firm-level industrial output. Furthermore, the mechanism analysis reveals that the local governments play a crucial role in supporting industrial growth by expanding bank credits and land provisions. This paper also finds that the agricultural tax abolition positively affects firm entry, TFP, and human capital investment.

引用次数: 0

Off the books, away from the market: Clan culture and female labor force participation 书外，市场外：宗族文化与女性劳动力参与

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102312

Feng Huang , Haichun Ye , Jing Zhang

This study examines the persistent impact of historical Chinese clan culture on contemporary female labor force participation. Using the hand-collected genealogy data from China, we find that traditional clan-based gender biases significantly suppress women's employment, with the husband's clan heritage strongly influencing the wife's work decisions. The gender bias embedded in Chinese clan culture is the primary driver linking clan heritage to reduced female labor force participation. While women from clan-oriented backgrounds exhibit labor market advantages, these are primarily driven by self-selection into the workforce rather than direct causal effects.

本研究探讨中国历史宗族文化对当代女性劳动力参与的持续影响。利用中国手工采集的家谱数据，我们发现传统的宗族性别偏见显著抑制了女性的就业，丈夫的宗族遗产强烈影响妻子的工作决策。中国氏族文化中根深蒂固的性别偏见是将氏族传统与女性劳动力参与率降低联系起来的主要驱动因素。虽然来自宗族背景的女性在劳动力市场上表现出优势，但这些优势主要是由自我选择而非直接因果效应驱动的。

引用次数: 0

Can higher education improve egalitarian gender role attitudes? Evidence from China 高等教育能否改善平等的性别角色态度？来自中国的证据

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102311

Lifang Zhang , Jiusheng Zhu

Egalitarian gender role attitudes are crucial for empowering women across household, labor market, and political spheres; however, the evolution of these attitudes remains underexplored. This study examines the impact of higher education on gender role attitudes using a quasi-natural experiment based on China's higher education expansion. The data are obtained from the China Family Panel Studies. Our results reveal that this expansion considerably enhanced higher education attainment for men and women; however, the effects on gender role attitudes are asymmetric. While higher education positively influences women's career-related gender norms, it does not substantially impact their marriage-related attitudes or men's gender role attitudes. Moreover, attaining higher education also improves women's career-related gender equality behaviors. Further analysis indicates that these divergent impacts are attributable to patriarchal Confucian culture, educated women's superior labor market performance, and the lack of gender equality education. We also consider the role of marriage-matching patterns, whereby women tend to marry partners with higher education and greater earnings, which reinforces traditional gender roles in marriage.

平等的性别角色态度对于增强妇女在家庭、劳动力市场和政治领域的权能至关重要；然而，这些态度的演变过程仍未得到充分探讨。本研究利用基于中国高等教育扩张的准自然实验，探讨了高等教育对性别角色态度的影响。数据来自中国家庭面板研究。研究结果表明，高等教育扩招大大提高了男性和女性的受教育程度，但对性别角色态度的影响是不对称的。虽然高等教育对女性与职业相关的性别规范有积极影响，但对她们与婚姻相关的态度或男性的性别角色态度并无实质性影响。此外，接受高等教育也会改善女性与职业相关的性别平等行为。进一步的分析表明，这些不同的影响可归因于重男轻女的儒家文化、受过教育的女性在劳动力市场上的优异表现以及性别平等教育的缺失。我们还考虑了婚姻匹配模式的作用，即女性倾向于与教育程度更高、收入更高的伴侣结婚，这强化了婚姻中的传统性别角色。

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引用次数: 0

Trade sanctions and Global Value Chains: A China–South Africa perspective 贸易制裁与全球价值链：中南视角

IF 5.2 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

中国经济评论

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102300

Randolph Luca Bruno , Maria Cipollina , Silvia Dal Bianco

China has been an important trade partner for many African countries, and in particular for South Africa, whose trade volume with China has increased significantly over the past decades. Changes of global trade and Global Value Chains (GVCs) dynamics as response of increasing trade sanctions bring substantial economic challenges for both countries directly involved and countries not directly involved by sanctions. On the one hand, trade sanctions have direct effects on sanctioned countries. On the other, sanctions can have significant indirect effects on countries not involved, as a consequence of trade diversion, changes in comparative advantages, and geopolitical realignment. The paper provides an empirical assessment of Global Value Chains’ re-organization by China and African countries in the age of trade sanctions. It explores and quantifies the intertwined relationship between trade sanctions, GVCs participation, and Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), with a focus on the dyad China–South Africa in a comparative perspective vis-á-vis other Chinese trade partners. The analysis is based on a purpose-built dataset covering GVCs participation indexes on 66 origin and destination countries for 68 industries (ISIC Rev.4) over the period 2005–2018. A simplified evolutionary model shows how the indirect effect of sanctions on forward GVCs could be positive and sizable, the mechanism being the displacement of (heterogeneous) inefficient firms with (heterogeneous) more efficient ones; while the indirect effect of sanctions on backward GVCs is indeterminate. By zooming onto the China–South Africa relations, the paper sheds new light on the consequences of sanctions, as perceived from both buyer’s (backward) and seller’s (forward) perspective, in a so-called South–South trade partnership.

中国是许多非洲国家的重要贸易伙伴，尤其是南非。过去几十年，南非与中国的贸易额大幅增长。随着贸易制裁的增加，全球贸易和全球价值链的动态发生了变化，给直接受到制裁的国家和未受到制裁的国家带来了巨大的经济挑战。一方面，贸易制裁对被制裁国家有直接影响。另一方面，由于贸易转移、比较优势的变化和地缘政治的重新调整，制裁可能对未参与的国家产生重大的间接影响。本文对中国和非洲国家在贸易制裁时代的全球价值链重组进行了实证评估。本文探讨并量化了贸易制裁、全球价值链参与和显性比较优势（RCA）之间的相互交织关系，并将重点放在中国-南非与-á-vis其他中国贸易伙伴的比较角度上。该分析基于一个专门构建的数据集，该数据集涵盖了2005-2018年期间66个原产国和目的地国68个行业的全球价值链参与指数（ISIC Rev.4）。一个简化的演化模型表明，制裁对正向全球价值链的间接影响可能是积极和可观的，其机制是（异质）低效企业被（异质）更高效企业取代；而制裁对落后全球价值链的间接影响是不确定的。通过聚焦中南关系，本文从买方（后向）和卖方（前向）的角度，揭示了在所谓的南南贸易伙伴关系中，制裁的后果。

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