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Life is too short to be small: An experiment on mortality salience and prosocial behavior 生命短暂,不能渺小:关于死亡率显著性和亲社会行为的实验
IF 6.8 1区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102191
Te Bao , Xun Li , Congling Xia

We study how mortality salience influences people's time preference and prosocial behavior in a laboratory experiment. We made mortality salient through priming subjects in the treatment group with grid tasks, and studied its impact on altruistic giving in an Andreoni-Miller dictator game. We found that the priming made subjects think bigger, and become more concerned with the overall social welfare, though it did not necessarily make them care more about their opponents' well-being per se. Subjects in the treatment group became more altruistic only when the price of giving is low. We built a two-period model to explain the mechanism of the findings. Our model showed that the priming altered altruistic giving through changing the subjects' time preference and social preference parameters. Finally, we strengthened our findings by showing that the priming didn't change subjects' mood.

我们在实验室实验中研究了死亡率显著性如何影响人们的时间偏好和亲社会行为。我们通过给治疗组的受试者布置网格任务,使死亡率变得突出,并在安德烈奥尼-米勒独裁者游戏中研究了死亡率对利他奉献的影响。我们发现,引子使受试者考虑得更多,更关心整体社会福利,但并不一定使他们更关心对手的福利本身。只有当付出的代价较低时,治疗组的受试者才会变得更加利他。我们建立了一个两期模型来解释研究结果的机制。我们的模型表明,诱导是通过改变受试者的时间偏好和社会偏好参数来改变利他捐赠的。最后,我们通过证明引物不会改变受试者的情绪来强化我们的发现。
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引用次数: 0
Long-term care insurance coverage and labor force participation of older people: Evidence from China 长期护理保险覆盖率与老年人的劳动力参与:来自中国的证据
IF 6.8 1区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102192
Jingyi Ai , Jin Feng , Xiaohan Zhang

Many scholars attribute the slowdown of economic growth to population aging and its negative impact on the size of the labor force. Meanwhile, government programs targeting an aging society can generate work disincentives. This paper studies the unintended labor market effects of Long-term Care Insurance (LTCI) among people of older age by exploiting the launch of the LTCI program in China. We find that policy-covered older adults decreased labor market engagement, significantly increasing the probability of exiting the labor market completely or not working full-time. We also document more substantial effects among those with low income, poor health, advanced age, and few children. The forgone wages of older adults account for >0.25% of GDP. These findings have policy implications for countries “growing old before getting rich.”

许多学者将经济增长放缓归因于人口老龄化及其对劳动力规模的负面影响。同时,针对老龄化社会的政府项目可能会产生工作抑制因素。本文利用中国推出长期护理保险(LTCI)项目的契机,研究了长期护理保险对老年人劳动力市场的意外影响。我们发现,参保老年人的劳动力市场参与度降低,完全退出劳动力市场或不从事全职工作的概率显著增加。我们还记录了对低收入、健康状况不佳、高龄和少子女人群的更大影响。老年人损失的工资占国内生产总值的 0.25%。这些发现对 "未富先老 "的国家具有政策意义。
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引用次数: 0
Pro-poor consumption effects of trade liberalization: Evidence from China 贸易自由化的扶贫消费效应:来自中国的证据
IF 6.8 1区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102189
Bei Wang , Xuefeng Qian , Ying Li , Jia Cao

This study examines the impact of trade liberalization on the consumption welfare of urban households in China. The results indicate that trade liberalization in consumer goods has improved the consumption welfare of Chinese urban households with a “pro-poor” distribution across regions and households in a region, suggesting that the consumption effects are more pronounced for less developed regions and low-income households in a region. Within a city, differences in the consumption effects arise from variations in household consumption structures and the tariff-price pass-through among different types of products. Across cities, differences in the consumption effects stem from the dual heterogeneity in industrial structure and consumer demand. The variety effect resulting from changes in the types of imported consumer goods also enhances the consumption effects of trade liberalization.

本研究探讨了贸易自由化对中国城市家庭消费福利的影响。研究结果表明,消费品贸易自由化改善了中国城市家庭的消费福利,并在不同地区和地区内家庭间呈现 "扶贫 "分布,这表明消费效应对欠发达地区和地区内低收入家庭更为明显。在城市内部,消费效应的差异来自于家庭消费结构的不同以及不同类型产品之间的关税-价格传递。在不同城市之间,消费效应的差异源于产业结构和消费需求的双重异质性。进口消费品种类的变化所产生的多样性效应也增强了贸易自由化的消费效应。
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引用次数: 0
Nonmonetary awards and innovation: Evidence from winning China's Top Brand Contest 非货币奖励与创新:从中国名牌产品评选获奖中获得的证据
IF 6.8 1区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102190
Lianfa Luo , Zhiming Cheng , Qingqing Ye , Yanjun Cheng , Russell Smyth , Zhiqing Yang , Le Zhang

We use the short-lived, but high-profile, China Top Brand Award to examine the causal effects of nonmonetary awards on firm innovation. To do so, we create a panel dataset by matching official China Top Brand Award recipients to the innovation outputs of listed companies. Results from difference-in-differences estimates show that firms that received the China Top Brand Award have a higher number, and better quality, of filed patents. We find that the positive effects of winning the China Top Brand Award on innovation outputs operate through higher government subsidies to winning firms. We also find that the positive effects of award-winning are stronger among state-owned enterprises, larger enterprises, and better-performing enterprises, as well as in provinces with stronger intellectual property rights protection. Our results are robust to a series of sensitivity checks.

我们利用 "中国名牌产品 "这一昙花一现但却备受瞩目的奖项来研究非货币奖项对企业创新的因果效应。为此,我们创建了一个面板数据集,将中国名牌奖的官方获奖者与上市公司的创新产出进行匹配。差分估计的结果表明,获得中国名牌奖的企业申请专利的数量更多,质量更高。我们发现,"中国名牌 "获奖对创新产出的积极影响是通过政府对获奖企业的更高补贴产生的。我们还发现,在国有企业、规模较大的企业、业绩较好的企业以及知识产权保护较强的省份,获奖的积极效应更强。通过一系列敏感性检验,我们的结果是稳健的。
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引用次数: 0
Uniform agricultural tax abolition and differential household labor supply: Evidence from China's urban household survey 取消统一农业税与家庭劳动力供给差异:来自中国城市住户调查的证据
IF 6.8 1区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102175
Jun Cai , Kui Zhao

Uniform government public policy has steadily shaped the labor supply from households in the past few decades in China with possible differential impact on each parent. This paper investigates how uniform tax policy change plays differential roles in household's labor supply through government public education spending. Utilizing the exogenous shock from China's agricultural tax abolition in 2005, we find that the abolition results in a reduction in female employment but an increase in male employment. Specifically, a 1% increase of agricultural tax to public revenue ratio in the reference year leads to a 0.485% labor supply reduction and 1.50 fewer hours of work per month for married women, whereas the married men's labor supply increases by 0.191% and their working hours by 1.06 h in a typical urban family with school-going children. The effects are greater on married women with primary school-age children and married men from high-asset households. Our mechanism analysis indicates that public education spending works as a substitute for private education spending and affects the household labor supply through investment in children's human capital. Our findings offer a new perspective on the decreasing female labor supply and the widening employment gap between (married) women and (married) men in the Chinese labor market. The findings suggest that public tax policy could lead to unintended consequences on household's labor supply decisions, and thus exacerbate the gender employment gap in the labor market.

在过去几十年中,政府的统一公共政策稳步影响着中国家庭的劳动力供给,并可能对每位家长产生不同的影响。本文研究了统一税收政策的变化如何通过政府公共教育支出对家庭劳动力供给产生不同影响。利用 2005 年中国取消农业税的外生冲击,我们发现取消农业税导致女性就业减少,但男性就业增加。具体而言,在一个有在校子女的典型城市家庭中,基准年农业税与公共财政收入之比增加 1%,会导致已婚女性的劳动力供给减少 0.485%,每月工作时间减少 1.50 小时;而已婚男性的劳动力供给增加 0.191%,工作时间增加 1.06 小时。对有小学学龄子女的已婚女性和高资产家庭的已婚男性的影响更大。我们的机制分析表明,公共教育支出可以替代私人教育支出,并通过对子女人力资本的投资影响家庭劳动力供给。我们的研究结果为中国劳动力市场中女性劳动力供给的减少和(已婚)女性与(已婚)男性就业差距的扩大提供了一个新的视角。研究结果表明,公共税收政策可能会对家庭劳动力供给决策产生意想不到的影响,从而加剧劳动力市场中的性别就业差距。
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引用次数: 0
Does exporting to China spur firm innovation activities in developing countries? 向中国出口是否会刺激发展中国家企业的创新活动?
IF 6.8 1区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102188
Wenshou Yan , Ruoxuan Wang , Kaixing Huang , Wenlu Ouyang

Trading with developed countries has been shown to promote technological progress. However, it remains unclear whether trade between developing countries promotes or hinders technological progress. To address this gap, the present study utilizes micro data from the 2006–2021 World Bank Enterprise Surveys for 139 developing countries to assess the link between exports to China and innovation activities. We analyze the relationship between exports to China and various proxies for firm-level innovation activities in other developing countries. Our findings suggest that exports to China significantly enhance innovation in other developing countries, regardless of the innovation measures used. The heterogeneous analysis shows that the effects are more pronounced for mature firms and exporters, while young firms and non-exporters are more likely to introduce process innovation directly, rather than spending more on R&D. This effect becomes more pronounced after the implementation of China's Belt and Road Initiative in 2013. The underlying mechanism is that exporting to China (only for capital-intensive goods) could increase the demand for skilled labor, thereby contributing to higher innovation activities among firms in developing countries, as evidenced by firms hiring a greater proportion of skilled labor. These labor adjustments could contribute to the increase in the likelihood of firms introducing process innovation and spending on R&D by 38% and 47%, respectively.

事实证明,与发达国家的贸易促进了技术进步。然而,发展中国家之间的贸易是促进还是阻碍了技术进步,目前仍不清楚。为了填补这一空白,本研究利用 2006-2021 年世界银行企业调查中 139 个发展中国家的微观数据,评估了对华出口与创新活动之间的联系。我们分析了对华出口与其他发展中国家企业层面创新活动的各种代用指标之间的关系。我们的研究结果表明,无论采用何种创新衡量标准,对华出口都能显著促进其他发展中国家的创新。异质性分析表明,对成熟企业和出口企业的影响更为明显,而年轻企业和非出口企业更有可能直接引入流程创新,而不是在研发上投入更多。这种效应在 2013 年中国实施 "一带一路 "倡议后变得更加明显。其根本机制在于,向中国出口(仅限于资本密集型产品)可能会增加对熟练劳动力的需求,从而促进发展中国家企业开展更多的创新活动,企业雇佣更多熟练劳动力的比例就证明了这一点。这些劳动力调整可使企业引入流程创新和研发支出的可能性分别提高 38% 和 47%。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of Chinese overseas industrial parks on the productive capability of BRI host countries 中国海外工业园区对金砖倡议东道国生产能力的影响
IF 6.8 1区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102183
Haiyue Liu, Cangyu Wang, Qin Zhang, Yile Wang

Overseas industrial parks (OIPs) offer platforms to host countries for foreign and domestic company agglomeration in key industries to promote economic development. This study examined 123 Chinese OIPs in “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) countries to study the productive effects in the host countries for a sample period of 2010 to 2018. It was found that Chinese OIPs, especially high-tech, logistics, multi-sector and state-owned ones, significantly increased local productive capabilities through trade promotion and employment generation. Host countries with higher level of governance, business environment, finance, transport, and bilateral investment protection had more pronounced effects. This paper provides evidence for China's industrial park spillovers and insights into the internationalization performances of developing economies.

海外工业园区(OIPs)为东道国在重点产业领域集聚国内外企业提供平台,促进经济发展。本研究考察了中国在 "一带一路"(BRI)倡议国家的 123 个海外工业园区,研究了 2010 年至 2018 年样本期内东道国的生产效应。研究发现,中国的开放型工业园区,尤其是高科技、物流、多部门和国有企业的开放型工业园区,通过促进贸易和创造就业,显著提高了当地的生产能力。治理水平、商业环境、金融、交通和双边投资保护水平较高的东道国效果更为明显。本文为中国工业园区的溢出效应提供了证据,也为发展中经济体的国际化表现提供了启示。
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引用次数: 0
On the time-varying impact of China's bilateral political relations on its trading partners: “Doux commerce” or “trade follows the flag”? 中国双边政治关系对其贸易伙伴的时变影响:是 "双向贸易 "还是 "贸易随旗走"?
IF 6.8 1区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102184
António Afonso , Valérie Mignon , Jamel Saadaoui

We assess the impact of China's bilateral political relations with three main trading partners—the US, Germany, and the UK—on current account balances and exchange rates, over the 1960Q1–2022Q4 period. Relying on the lag-augmented VAR approach with time-varying Granger causality tests, we find that political relationships with China strongly matter in explaining the dynamics of current accounts and exchange rates, supporting the “trade follows the flag” view. Such relationships cause the evolution of the exchange rate (except in the UK) and the current account; these causal links being time-varying for the US and the UK and robust over the entire period for Germany. These findings suggest that policymakers should account for bilateral political relationships to understand the global macroeconomic consequences of political tensions.

我们评估了 1960Q1-2022Q4 期间中国与三个主要贸易伙伴(美国、德国和英国)的双边政治关系对经常账户余额和汇率的影响。利用时变格兰杰因果检验的滞后增量 VAR 方法,我们发现,与中国的政治关系在解释经常账户和汇率的动态方面具有重要作用,支持了 "贸易随国旗走 "的观点。这种关系导致了汇率(英国除外)和经常账户的演变;这些因果关系在美国和英国是时变的,而在德国则在整个时期内是稳健的。这些研究结果表明,决策者应考虑双边政治关系,以了解政治紧张局势对全球宏观经济的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Land price regulation and firms' global value chain position: Evidence from China 地价管制与企业在全球价值链中的地位:来自中国的证据
IF 6.8 1区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102187
Huaqing Wu , Ling Wang , Fei Peng

Exorbitant land prices have been a significant constraint on firm growth; however, few studies have explored their effect on firms' global value chain (GVC) positions. By treating the 2007 minimum price policy for industrial land as a quasi-natural experiment, this study estimates the impact of land price regulations on firms' GVC positions. Using a difference-in-differences method with continuous treatment intensity, we find that industrial land price regulation has a remarkably negative effect on firms' GVC positions. This effect is primarily observed in small- and medium-sized enterprises and private enterprises. The mechanism analysis suggests that industrial land price regulation has significantly increased the cost of land purchases by firms, squeezing their investment in innovation and reducing the quality of intermediate inputs, thereby degrading their position in GVCs.

高昂的地价一直是制约企业发展的一个重要因素,但很少有研究探讨其对企业全球价值链(GVC)地位的影响。本研究将 2007 年的工业用地最低价格政策视为一个准自然实验,从而估算了土地价格法规对企业全球价值链地位的影响。利用连续处理强度的差分法,我们发现工业用地价格管制对企业的全球价值链地位有显著的负面影响。这种影响主要体现在中小企业和民营企业中。机制分析表明,工业用地价格管制大大增加了企业购买土地的成本,挤压了企业的创新投资,降低了中间投入品的质量,从而降低了企业在全球价值链中的地位。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental co-benefits of climate mitigation: Evidence from clean development mechanism projects in China 气候减缓的环境共同效益:中国清洁发展机制项目的证据
IF 6.8 1区 经济学 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102182
Panbing Wan , ZhongXiang Zhang , Lin Chen

The carbon reduction effects of climate mitigation have received much attention, but less attention has been paid to the co-benefits of climate mitigation such as such as air pollution reduction and related health impacts. This oversight may have led to an underestimation of the broader welfare effects of climate mitigation and thus hindering its progress in implementation. This paper investigates the co-benefits of climate mitigation through focusing on the pollution reduction effects of the implementation of the clean development mechanism (CDM), which is an important climate mitigation mechanism to enhance north-south climate cooperation. Using a unique firm-level dataset with data on China's CDM projects from 1998 to 2012, we show that the CDM implementation reduced sulfur dioxide emissions. Mechanism analyses show that the CDM implementation alleviated firms' financing constraints and promoted fossil energy savings, thereby reducing emissions of air pollutants that usually coexist with greenhouse gases in burning fossil fuels. We also find that the CDM didn't bring about the expected technological progress. These results highlight environmental co-benefits of climate mitigation and provide important implications for international climate cooperation

气候减缓的减碳效应已受到广泛关注,但对气候减缓的共同效益,如减少空气污染和相关的健康影响却关注较少。这种疏忽可能导致人们低估了气候减缓的广泛福利效应,从而阻碍了气候减缓的实施进展。清洁发展机制(CDM)是加强南北气候合作的重要气候减缓机制,本文通过关注清洁发展机制实施过程中的污染减排效应来研究气候减缓的共同效益。利用独特的企业层面数据集,以及 1998 年至 2012 年中国清洁发展机制项目的数据,我们发现清洁发展机制的实施减少了二氧化硫的排放。机制分析表明,清洁发展机制的实施缓解了企业的融资约束,促进了化石能源的节约,从而减少了通常在燃烧化石燃料时与温室气体共存的空气污染物的排放。我们还发现,清洁发展机制并没有带来预期的技术进步。这些结果凸显了气候减缓的环境共同效益,并为国际气候合作提供了重要启示。
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引用次数: 0
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中国经济评论
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