Psychology of Addictive Behaviors最新文献

Objective: Alcohol use is an important, but understudied, risk factor for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), defined as deliberate physical harm to oneself without intent to die. Alcohol use may facilitate engagement in NSSI by increasing impulsivity and physical pain tolerance. Limited data also suggest that people engage in more medically severe NSSI under the influence of alcohol.

Method: This secondary analysis study examined the use of alcohol prior to NSSI in a sample of 79 female patients with borderline personality disorder who were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of dialectical behavior therapy. We used multilevel modeling (MLM) to examine preregistered hypotheses that alcohol use prior to NSSI would be related to the impulsivity of NSSI, physical pain experienced during NSSI, and the medical severity of injuries from NSSI.

Results: Participants endorsed alcohol use prior to 21.96% (47/221) of NSSI episodes, and roughly one third of participants (n = 27) reported at least one episode of NSSI preceded by alcohol use. For NSSI episodes preceded by alcohol use, more than half (52.38%) of participants reported using alcohol up to the moment of initiating NSSI. Alcohol use was significantly associated with higher impulsivity of NSSI episodes (b = 1.16, p = .041), but not physical pain from NSSI or medical severity of NSSI.

Conclusions: Findings need to be replicated but indicate that alcohol use occurs frequently prior to NSSI and could be a target for reducing impulsive episodes of NSSI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: A propensity for aggression or alcohol use may be associated with alcohol-related aggression. Previous research has shown genetic overlap between alcohol use and aggression but has not looked at how alcohol-related aggression may be uniquely influenced by genetic risk for aggression or alcohol use. The present study examined the associations of genetic risk for trait aggression, alcohol use, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) with alcohol-related aggression using a polygenic risk score (PRS) approach.

Method: Using genome-wide association study summary statistics, PRSs were created for trait aggression, alcohol consumption, and AUD. These PRSs were used to predict the phenotype of alcohol-related aggression among drinkers in two independent samples: the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) Family Alcoholism Study (n = 1,162) and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; n = 4,291).

Results: There were significant associations between the AUD PRS and lifetime alcohol-related aggression in the UCSF study sample. Additionally, the trait aggression PRS was associated with three or more experiences of hitting anyone else and getting into physical fights while under the influence of alcohol, along with a composite score of three or more experiences of alcohol-related aggression, in the UCSF study sample. No significant associations were observed in the Add Health sample. Limited sex-specific genetic effects were observed.

Conclusions: These results provide preliminary evidence that genetic influences underlying alcohol use and aggression are uniquely associated with alcohol-related aggression and suggest that these associations may differ by type and frequency of alcohol-related aggression incidents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is prevalent, burdensome, and associated with an increased risk for opioid use disorder. Evidence suggests that perceived racial/ethnic discrimination is associated with problematic substance use among Black individuals, but studies have not focused on problematic opioid use among Black individuals with CMP specifically or explored the contribution of perceived discrimination, pain intensity, and pain-relevant psychological factors to this association.

Method: We recruited 401 Black individuals (M_age = 35.98, 51.9% female) with self-reported CMP and prescription opioid use. We tested whether perceived discrimination (a) was associated with self-reported problematic opioid use and (b) explained unique variance in this outcome after accounting for pain intensity, demographic factors, and psychological factors previously implicated in problematic opioid/substance use (distress tolerance and pain avoidance).

Results: Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that our model as a whole explained significant variance in problematic opioid use, R² = .30, F(6, 394) = 28.66, p < .001. Perceived discrimination specifically was associated with more problematic opioid use (β = .39, SE = .05, p < .001) and explained unique variance in this outcome even after accounting for pain intensity (β = .06, SE = .04, p = .20), distress tolerance (β = -.10, SE = .05, p = .04), pain avoidance (β = .12, SE = .05, p = .02), age (β = -.10, SE = .05, p < .05), and employment status (β = .13, SE = .11, p < .01).

Conclusions: Systemic efforts to combat racism along with individualized therapeutic approaches to process and cope with perceived racial discrimination may be particularly important to prevent and reduce problematic opioid use among Black individuals with CMP. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: We systematically reviewed the literature to assess the association between use of alcohol protective behavioral strategies (PBS) and young adult heavy drinking and alcohol-related consequences.

Method: We followed the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines to select and review research studies that were comprised of a sample of young adults ages 18-26, included PBS derived from one of 10 validated scales as an independent variable, measured heavy alcohol use or alcohol consequences as the dependent variable, and tested the direct association between the two. Studies were gathered via PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, APA PsycInfo, and Global Health. All identified study records underwent a two-step screening process and risk of bias assessment.

Results: Data were extracted from 94 studies that met inclusion criteria; 16 studies (17%) examined associations with heavy alcohol use and 91 studies (97%) tested effects of PBS on alcohol consequences. All studies that measured a total effect of PBS use (summations across all strategies) found significant negative associations with heavy alcohol use and 91% were negatively associated with alcohol consequences. Most studies that examined subscales of PBS found at least one significant, negative relation with heavy alcohol use (73%) and alcohol-related consequences (78%), though effects varied across type of subscale (e.g., manner of drinking).

Conclusions: Our results support the use of PBS to address heavy alcohol consumption and related harms among young adults. Opportunities for refinement of current PBS in preventive interventions are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: We provide insights into studying racial discrimination and substance use among people of color, in response to Cénat et al.'s (2023) findings from Black youth in Canada.

Method: We discuss relevant literature on the topic.

Results: Studying racial discrimination requires a dynamic and temporal conceptualization of race/racism within social contexts and an acknowledgment of the inadequacies of our current approaches. Further, studying the impact of racial discrimination may require an eclectic use of theories and the incorporation of community voices.

Conclusions: We recommend collecting measures of racism whenever possible, disaggregating race into ethnic groups and intersections of identities, engaging with communities to clarify concepts and select appropriate measures, and disseminating findings with opportunities for communities to speak and for researchers to listen. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Population drinking trends show clear developmental periodicity, with steep increases in harmful alcohol use from ages 18 to 22 followed by a gradual decline across the 20s, albeit with persistent problematic use in a subgroup of individuals. Cross-sectional studies implicate behavioral economic indicators of alcohol overvaluation (high alcohol demand) and lack of alternative substance-free reinforcers (high proportionate alcohol-related reinforcement) as potential predictors of change during this developmental window, but longitudinal evidence is sparse.

Method: Using a sample of emerging adults (N = 497, M_age = 22.61 years, 62% female, 48.69% White, 40.44% Black), this study examined prospective, bidirectional relations between both past-week heavy drinking days (HDD) and alcohol problems and proportionate alcohol-related reinforcement (reinforcement ratio), alcohol demand intensity (consumption at zero price), alcohol demand O_max (maximum expenditure), and change in demand elasticity (rate of change in consumption across escalating price) over five assessments (every 4 months) using random intercept cross-lagged panel models.

Results: Alcohol problems and HDD decreased across assessments. Significant between-person effects indicated that each behavioral economic variable was associated with increased drinking risk. Change in reinforcement ratio was positively associated with decreases in alcohol problems. Multigroup invariance modeling revealed distinct risk pathways in that change in demand intensity and O_max predicted change in alcohol problems for male participants and change in intensity predicted change in alcohol problems for non-White participants.

Conclusion: The study provides consistent support for proportionate alcohol-related reinforcement and mixed support for demand as within-person predictors of reductions in drinking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: A severe and long-term alcohol use can have adverse effects on lower limb function. Over time, some individuals may develop gait ataxia, which refers to the impairment of controlled lower body movements that are important for walking and maintaining proper gait. Gait ataxia is well-documented in patients who have been diagnosed with alcohol-related Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS); however, less is known on how common ataxia is among patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) without WKS. To date, no study has systematically reviewed the evidence focusing on patients suffering only from AUD. Our aim was to perform a qualitative synthesis of the existing literature examining behavioral signs of gait ataxia among abstinent patients with AUD.

Method: Two facets were created encompassing keywords for "alcohol use disorder" and "measures of gait ataxia." Databases, including EMBASE, APA PsycInfo, Medline, and Cochrane Library, were searched for studies, and a quality assessment was performed.

Results: Ten studies were identified (37 ≥ ns ≤ 247), which were all rated as being of moderate (N = 7) to good quality (N = 3). The age range was 31.4-53.4 years (weighted mean age: 53.6 years), and 78.3% of the participants were male. Eight studies found that patients with AUD and without WKS exhibited behavioral signs of gait ataxia.

Conclusions: Although there is evidence of gait ataxia among patients with AUD, heterogeneous results and methodological shortcomings such as lack of screening for neurocognitive deficits deem these findings preliminary and highlight the need for more research in the future. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: From 2022, the International Classification of Diseases, eleventh edition (ICD-11) includes the first mental disorder based on digital technology, "gaming disorder," which was previously suggested as a condition for further examination in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). In this cross-sectional study, we provide the first large-scale network analysis of various symptom structures for these constructs to understand the complex interconnections between their proposed symptoms.

Method: Culturally diverse samples of 2,846 digital game players (M = 25.3 years) and 746 esports players (M = 23.5 years) were recruited. A network approach was applied to explore a multiverse of gaming disorder symptom structures, effects of item operationalization, and possible external moderators. Gaming disorder was measured using the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale 9-Short Form (IGDS9-SF), Gaming Disorder Test, and several items borrowed from Chinese Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, Personal Internet Gaming Disorder Evaluation-9, and Clinical Video game Addiction Test 2.0 scales.

Results: Two symptoms (loss of control and continued use despite problems) present in both, the DSM-5 and ICD-11, were systematically central to most of the analyzed networks. Alternative operationalizations of single items systematically caused significant network differences. Networks were invariant across groups of play style, age, gender, gaming time, and most of the psychosocial characteristics.

Conclusions: Our results caution practitioners and researchers when studying and interpreting gaming disorder symptoms. The data indicate that even minor operational changes in symptoms can lead to significant network-level changes, thus highlighting the need for careful wording. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Land-based gambling venues remain predominantly cash-based despite broader consumer trends toward digital payments. Little prior literature directly investigates the role of payment methods in gambling; however, digital payment systems offer a key intervention point for gambling harm minimization. This study explores the perspectives of electronic gaming machine (EGM) gamblers regarding the concept of cashless gambling-the ability to gamble without using physical currency.

Method: Twenty-six Australian EGM gamblers (10 females, 16 males; aged 24-76 years) participated in four online focus group discussions. Using content analysis and a pragmatic approach, data were organized thematically in relation to consumer perceptions about the benefits and risks of cashless gambling, factors potentially influencing uptake of cashless gambling, and recommendations about harm reduction features that could be incorporated into the system.

Results: Cashless gambling was perceived to present important opportunities for more useful and meaningful harm reduction measures based on the ability to track a user's complete gambling activity. However, participants reported reluctance toward adoption of cashless gambling, tending to perceive such systems as being overly restrictive and invasive, and potentially facilitating (over)spending, depending on design and implementation. Participants commonly perceived systems as offering little value to individuals who gamble without experiencing significant harms.

Conclusions: Perceived irrelevance and privacy concerns appear to be major barriers to adoption of a cashless gambling system with strong harm reduction features. Our findings provide insights for policy makers considering the optimal design, implementation, and marketing of cashless gambling from a harm reduction perspective. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: It is hypothesized that alcohol use is reinforcing when used as a strategy to cope with negative affect. Although the evidence for this hypothesis in observational data is weak, some experimental evidence suggests that the behavioral economic demand for alcohol increases immediately following a negative emotional event. We hypothesized that people show a higher demand for alcohol following negative (vs. neutral) mood inductions and that this effect is stronger in people who report heavier drinking compared to people who report lighter drinking as well as stronger on days characterized by higher coping motives and negative urgency.

Method: 309 college students who reported recent alcohol consumption (M_AUDIT = 6.86) completed the alcohol purchase task after being subjected to 12 mood inductions (six negative, six neutral, order randomized) on 12 separate days.

Results: In our preregistered analyses, we found no evidence that the behavioral economic demand for alcohol was elevated following negative mood inductions. The mood inductions in our study were not as strong as has been reported in previous research, weakening the preregistered inferences. In exploratory analyses performed on a subset of the data in which the mood inductions worked as intended, demand was higher following negative mood inductions.

Conclusions: The results of this study are not conclusive. In light of previous research, we consider these data to slightly increase our confidence that demand for alcohol is increased immediately following a negative emotional event. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).