Social Science Research最新文献_第2页

Gendered reporting of housework across relative spousal income 相对配偶收入中家务劳动的性别报告

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103303

Joanna Syrda

The measured work that wives and husbands perform at home and in the labour market remains strongly gendered. Competing theoretical perspectives offer divergent predictions about how relative spousal income shapes the division of housework: exchange and bargaining models predict that the higher earner performs less domestic labour, whereas sociological accounts emphasize persistent traditional gender norms. Empirical findings mirror this divide, and existing research typically overlooks gendered reporting bias in household survey data.

Using data from the 1999–2023 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), this study examines whether the relationship between relative spousal income and housework depends on the gender of the household respondent. The PSID's rotating respondent design - where either spouse reports for the household - combined with within-household fixed effects and double-demeaned interaction models reveal asymmetries. When wives report, the association between relative income and housework aligns with exchange and bargaining theory. When husbands report, the same households exhibit a curvilinear pattern consistent with gender deviance neutralization. Respondent gender therefore fundamentally shapes empirical conclusions about the income-housework relationship, indicating that gender norms structure not only domestic labour but also its survey representation.

Approximately one quarter of couples switch respondents over time, and these effects are identified from this subset. That strong asymmetries emerge even among more egalitarian households underscores the importance of gendered reporting. Methodologically, the findings show that conventional fixed effects models attenuate respondent-contingent nonlinearities, whereas double-demeaned estimators that control for both unit and time effects recover sharper and theoretically coherent patterns.

妻子和丈夫在家里和劳动力市场上所做的有节制的工作仍然具有强烈的性别差异。相互竞争的理论观点对配偶相对收入如何影响家务劳动分工提出了不同的预测：交换和讨价还价模型预测，收入越高的人从事的家务劳动越少，而社会学理论则强调持久的传统性别规范。实证研究结果反映了这一差异，现有研究通常忽略了家庭调查数据中的性别报告偏见。本研究使用1999-2023年收入动态面板研究（PSID）的数据，探讨配偶相对收入与家务劳动之间的关系是否取决于家庭受访者的性别。PSID的轮换受访者设计——配偶一方为家庭报告——结合家庭内部固定效应和双重降低的相互作用模型揭示了不对称性。当妻子报告时，相对收入和家务劳动之间的关系符合交换和讨价还价理论。当丈夫报告时，同一家庭表现出与性别偏差中和一致的曲线模式。因此，受访者性别从根本上塑造了关于收入-家务关系的实证结论，表明性别规范不仅构成了家务劳动，而且也构成了其调查代表性。随着时间的推移，大约四分之一的夫妇会更换受访者，这些影响是从这个子集中确定的。即使在更平等的家庭中，也出现了强烈的不对称，这突显了性别报告的重要性。在方法上，研究结果表明，传统的固定效应模型减弱了应答者偶然的非线性，而控制单位和时间效应的双重简化估计器恢复了更清晰和理论上连贯的模式。

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引用次数: 0

Yours, mine, and ours: Childhood disadvantage and late-life social connectedness in marital dyads 你的，我的，和我们的：婚姻中的童年劣势和晚年的社会联系

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103301

Yiang Li , Jason Wong , Linda J. Waite

Life course theory describes each person's trajectory as intertwined with others, with the family serving as a key conduit through which resources and experiences, including those in childhood, are exchanged. We apply the framework of “linked long arms” that extends the linked lives perspective within intimate dyads, allowing for the early-life experiences and resources of one partner to affect both their own experiences and resources and those of their partner later in life. Using dyadic models with couple-level data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N = 1214 couples), we estimate how childhood disadvantage is associated with one's own and one's partner's later-life social connectedness. Results show that people carry the influence of childhood socioeconomic and family disadvantages, but not that of violence, into their family social lives many decades later. Older women who experienced disadvantage in childhood, particularly low parental education and family unhappiness, report having fewer friends and fewer confidants, less frequent socializing, and lower participation in community organizations than others. Husbands of women whose families were unhappy report fewer friends than others, but we see no other spillovers from the wife's early disadvantage to the husband's later social life. In contrast, the wives of men who experienced disadvantage in childhood, especially lower parental education, report fewer friends and less frequent formal community participation. Older adults who grew up in families that were socially, economically, or emotionally disadvantaged show diminished late-life social well-being, and often so do their spouses, with women particularly sensitive.

人生历程理论认为，每个人的人生轨迹都与其他人交织在一起，家庭是资源和经历（包括童年经历）交换的关键渠道。我们运用“长臂相连”的框架，在亲密的二人组中扩展了联系生活的视角，允许一个伴侣的早期生活经历和资源影响他们自己的经历和资源，以及他们的伴侣后来的生活。利用来自国家社会生活、健康和老龄化项目（N = 1214对夫妇）的夫妻数据的二元模型，我们估计了童年劣势与自己和伴侣晚年社会联系的关系。结果表明，人们在几十年后的家庭社会生活中会受到童年时期社会经济和家庭不利因素的影响，而不是暴力的影响。在童年时期经历过不利因素的老年妇女，特别是父母教育程度低和家庭不幸福的妇女，报告说她们的朋友和知己更少，社交活动更少，参与社区组织的次数也比其他人少。家庭不幸福的女性的丈夫报告说，她们的朋友比其他家庭的朋友少，但我们没有看到妻子早期的劣势对丈夫后来的社会生活的其他溢出效应。相比之下，童年时期经历过不利因素的男性，尤其是父母教育程度较低的男性，其妻子的朋友较少，正式社区参与的频率也较低。在社会、经济或情感上处于不利地位的家庭中长大的老年人晚年的社会幸福感会下降，他们的配偶通常也是如此，女性尤其敏感。

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引用次数: 0

Buying out in same-sex and different-sex couples in the United States: Outsourcing of routine and non-routine housework tasks 美国同性和异性伴侣的买断：日常和非常规家务劳动的外包

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103297

Elena Maria Pojman, Jisu Park

Although research on housework outsourcing has expanded in recent years, most studies focus exclusively on different-sex couples, overlooking the outsourcing strategies used by same-sex couples. This study uses data from the 2003–2023 waves of the U.S. Consumer Expenditure Survey in combination with logistic regression and decomposition analysis to examine outsourcing differences between same- and different-sex couples. We find that same-sex couples are modestly more likely to outsource housework, with educational attainment accounting for a substantial share of this difference and couples’ total paid work hours accounting for a smaller share. Bargaining power, proxied through income parity, plays a more limited role. Notably, we find no significant outsourcing differences between same-sex male and female couples, suggesting that egalitarian values and gender attitudes shared across same-sex couples may influence housework outsourcing in ways not fully captured by our data. By broadening the analytic scope of outsourcing research to be inclusive of sexual minority couples, this study contributes to our understanding of the strategies same- and different-sex couples use to meet their work-family demands, as well as the socioeconomic conditions that determine their ability to do so.

尽管近年来对家务外包的研究有所扩展，但大多数研究只关注不同性别的伴侣，而忽视了同性伴侣的外包策略。本研究使用2003-2023年美国消费者支出调查的数据，结合逻辑回归和分解分析来检验同性和异性伴侣之间的外包差异。我们发现，同性伴侣更有可能外包家务，教育程度占了这种差异的很大一部分，而夫妻的总带薪工作时间占了较小的一部分。通过收入平价体现的议价能力发挥的作用更为有限。值得注意的是，我们发现同性男性和女性伴侣之间没有明显的外包差异，这表明同性伴侣之间共有的平等主义价值观和性别态度可能以我们的数据未完全捕获的方式影响家务外包。通过扩大外包研究的分析范围，将性少数夫妇包括在内，本研究有助于我们理解同性和异性夫妇用来满足他们的工作家庭需求的策略，以及决定他们这样做能力的社会经济条件。

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引用次数: 0

How probability distributions felled the case for the beneficial effects of income inequality: and other adventures of probability distributions on the knowledge quest 概率分布如何证明收入不平等的有益影响：以及概率分布在知识探索中的其他冒险

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103277

Guillermina Jasso

This festschrift paper honors Seymour Spilerman – an early champion of probability distributions – exploring the use of probability distributions to advance knowledge in sociology, especially about inequality and related sociobehavioral phenomena. The paper begins by briefly summarizing the few necessary building blocks – the Coleman Box visualization of the sixfold classification formed by conceptualization/theory/empirics and substance/methods; personal quantitative and qualitative characteristics, including, within the quantitative set, cardinal and ordinal characteristics; inequality measures; and probability distributions. Next it turns to the titular and opening case – how probability distributions expanded the meaning of inequality from inequality between persons to inequality between subgroups, thereby undermining the case for the beneficial effects of income inequality. For while it may have been straightforward for social scientists to defend the beneficial incentive effects of inequality between persons it is a different matter entirely to defend inequality between subgroups. The paper then discusses six further applications in which probability distributions reveal new aspects of inequality and sociobehavioral phenomena, showing how inequality in ordinal characteristics differs from inequality in cardinal characteristics (for example, the Gini coefficient is constant), assessing new candidates for inequality measures (illustrating with the P90/P10 ratio and its sibling complementary quantile ratios), showing how theoretical predictions differ across different distributional families (for example, for proportions integrationist and segregationist), showing how the proportion poorest who gain from inequality reduction varies across distributional family, discerning in empirical data how people form ideas of the just job income for themselves (for example, whether they fix on a constant or a multiple or compare to everyone), and using toy distributions to highlight and contrast distributional properties – and to prepare newcomers to the knowledge quest.

这篇论文是为了纪念Seymour Spilerman——概率分布的早期拥护者——探索使用概率分布来推进社会学的知识，特别是关于不平等和相关的社会行为现象。本文首先简要总结了几个必要的构建模块——由概念化/理论/经验和物质/方法构成的六重分类的Coleman Box可视化；个人数量和质量特征，包括数量集合内的基数和序数特征；不平等的措施;还有概率分布。接下来，它转向了名义上的和开放的案例——概率分布如何将不平等的含义从人与人之间的不平等扩展到子群体之间的不平等，从而削弱了收入不平等有益影响的案例。对于社会科学家来说，为人与人之间不平等的有益激励效应辩护可能是直截了当的，但为子群体之间的不平等辩护则完全是另一回事。然后，本文讨论了六种进一步的应用，其中概率分布揭示了不平等和社会行为现象的新方面，显示了序数特征的不平等与基数特征的不平等（例如，基尼系数是恒定的）的不同之处，评估了不平等措施的新候选（用P90/P10比率及其兄弟互补分位数比率说明），展示理论预测在不同分配家庭之间的差异（例如，对于比例整合主义者和种族隔离主义者），展示从不平等减少中获益的最贫穷比例在分配家庭之间的变化，从经验数据中辨别人们如何形成自己的公平工作收入观念（例如，他们是固定在常数上还是倍数上，还是与每个人进行比较），并使用玩具分布来突出和对比分布属性-并为新来者的知识探索做好准备。

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引用次数: 0

Why social norms matter in science: Determinants of misconduct in German-speaking Europe 为什么社会规范对科学很重要：德语区欧洲不端行为的决定因素

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103292

Vincent Oberhauser, Antonia Velicu, Heiko Rauhut

Science studies have often emphasized the “what” of misconduct while neglecting the equally important “why”. Using a sociological lens, we shed light on the mechanisms underlying scientific misconduct and contribute to theoretical debates on its causes. We propose several potential individual and structural drivers of scientific misconduct, including alienation, rational considerations, and social norms and test these hypotheses using survey data on scientists in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Unlike the majority of previous literature, we find no relationship between structural pressures in academia and misconduct. Rather, researchers who feel alienated from their work or who view misconduct as profitable, with high benefits and low costs and risks, are more likely to engage in it. Conversely, when researchers internalize norms of scientific integrity, misconduct decreases. Our results confirm the roles of rational decision-making and social norms in regulating misconduct and suggest that strengthening ethical norms could improve the state of science.

科学研究经常强调不当行为的“是什么”，而忽视了同样重要的“为什么”。通过社会学的视角，我们揭示了科学不端行为背后的机制，并为其原因的理论辩论做出了贡献。我们提出了科学不端行为的几个潜在的个人和结构驱动因素，包括异化、理性考虑和社会规范，并使用对德国、奥地利和瑞士科学家的调查数据验证了这些假设。与之前的大多数文献不同，我们发现学术界的结构性压力与不端行为之间没有关系。相反，那些感到与自己的工作疏远，或者认为不当行为有利可图、收益高、成本和风险低的研究人员，更有可能参与其中。相反，当研究人员内化科学诚信规范时，不端行为就会减少。我们的研究结果证实了理性决策和社会规范在规范不当行为中的作用，并表明加强伦理规范可以改善科学状况。

引用次数: 0

From Islamic religiosity to political participation. The role of social exclusion and origin-country ties 从伊斯兰教的虔诚到政治参与。社会排斥和原籍国关系的作用

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103295

Rachel Kollar, Nella Geurts, Niels Spierings

The current literature shows rather diffuse results on whether and how religiosity and political participation link among European Muslims. This study argues that this might be due to counteracting mechanisms: social exclusion and origin-country ties. Correspondingly, we test whether and how these two mechanisms mediate the relationship between individual, communal and literalist dimensions of Islamic religiosity with both electoral and non-electoral forms of participation. We use a two-study approach, in which we test hypotheses on two independent Dutch datasets, and apply structural equation modelling. The findings show that overall, being more religious is related to experiencing more social exclusion and greater origin-country ties, and if anything religiosity is on average positively associated with participation. However, we only find marginal support for our expectation that experiencing more social exclusion mobilizes participation, revealing that certain types of exclusion can de-mobilize participation. Although not consistently explaining religiosity's role in political participation, we find origin-country ties to consistently mobilize participation, dispelling fears that ongoing connections with the origin-country are detrimental to Muslims' political participation.

目前的文献显示，在欧洲穆斯林中，宗教信仰和政治参与是否以及如何联系在一起，结果相当分散。本研究认为，这可能是由于抵消机制：社会排斥和原籍国关系。相应地，我们测试了这两种机制是否以及如何通过选举和非选举形式的参与调解伊斯兰宗教信仰的个人、社区和字面主义维度之间的关系。我们采用两项研究方法，在两个独立的荷兰数据集上测试假设，并应用结构方程模型。研究结果表明，总体而言，更虔诚的宗教信仰与经历更多的社会排斥和更紧密的原籍国联系有关，如果有什么区别的话，宗教信仰与参与平均呈正相关。然而，我们只找到了边际支持我们的期望，即经历更多的社会排斥会动员参与，这表明某些类型的排斥会使参与失去动员。虽然不能始终如一地解释宗教信仰在政治参与中的作用，但我们发现原籍国关系始终如一地动员参与，消除了与原籍国的持续联系不利于穆斯林政治参与的担忧。

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引用次数: 0

The relevance of meritocratic beliefs for redistributive preferences increases with income 精英信仰与再分配偏好的相关性随着收入的增加而增加

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103294

Irene Pañeda-Fernández , Jonne Kamphorst , Arnout van de Rijt , Balaraju Battu

A leading explanation for why in democratic societies the rich are not taxed more is that meritocratic beliefs breed tolerance for inequality. We problematize this account by claiming that, unlike the rich, the poor support greater redistribution regardless of how meritocratic they perceive society to be. The claim is tested using a cross-national survey and a preregistered experimental game that exogenized both income and perceptions of meritocratic fairness. Analysis of both survey and experimental data supports the proposed interaction effect between income and perceived meritocratic fairness on demand for redistribution. We conclude that while meritocratic beliefs can explain why the rich do not support more redistribution, it fails to explain the poor’s inequality acceptance.

对于为什么在民主社会中富人没有被征收更多的税，一个主要的解释是，精英主义信仰滋生了对不平等的容忍。我们认为，与富人不同的是，穷人支持更大程度的再分配，无论他们认为社会是多么精英化。这一说法是通过一项跨国调查和一个预先注册的实验游戏来检验的，这个实验游戏将收入和精英公平的观念都外部化了。对调查和实验数据的分析支持了收入和感知精英公平对再分配需求之间的互动效应。我们的结论是，虽然精英主义信仰可以解释为什么富人不支持更多的再分配，但它无法解释穷人对不平等的接受。

引用次数: 0

Mobility patterns predict increasing polarization between neighborhoods 流动模式预示着社区之间的两极分化会加剧

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103293

Karl Vachuska, Meghann Norden-Bright

This paper investigates the relationship between neighborhood mobility patterns and political polarization in the United States, with a focus on the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections. Using everyday mobility data from SafeGraph and election results at the census block group level, we examine how neighborhood disadvantage, measured both residentially and via mobility ties, predicts shifts in support for Donald Trump. Our findings demonstrate that predominantly White neighborhoods with mobility connections to disadvantaged neighborhoods experienced increased Republican voting, while those connected to more advantaged neighborhoods saw declines in Republican support from 2012 to 2016/2020. Moreover, we find that mobility-based disadvantage constitutes a growing portion of the variation in voting patterns across multiple election cycles, indicating a durable and widening gap in political polarization. Our analysis shows that the vote gap for Republican candidates between the least and most mobility-disadvantaged White neighborhoods has expanded from a single-digit difference in 2012 to a 40 % gap in 2020. These results suggest that mobility patterns are especially strong predictors of increasing political polarization beyond the static characteristics of residential neighborhoods.

本文以2016年和2020年美国总统大选为研究对象，探讨了美国社区流动模式与政治两极分化之间的关系。利用SafeGraph的日常流动性数据和人口普查区组层面的选举结果，我们研究了社区劣势（通过居住和流动性关系来衡量）如何预测对唐纳德·特朗普的支持转变。我们的研究结果表明，与弱势社区有流动性联系的白人社区对共和党的投票增加了，而与更有利的社区有联系的白人社区在2012年至2016/2020年期间对共和党的支持有所下降。此外，我们发现，基于流动性的劣势在多个选举周期的投票模式变化中所占的比例越来越大，这表明政治两极分化的差距持续存在且不断扩大。我们的分析显示，在流动性最差的白人社区和流动性最差的白人社区之间，共和党候选人的选票差距已经从2012年的个位数差距扩大到2020年的40%。这些结果表明，流动性模式是超越居民区静态特征的政治两极分化加剧的强有力预测因素。

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引用次数: 0

Family background, romantic experience and college students’ realistic attitudes toward love in China 家庭背景、恋爱经历与中国大学生现实爱情态度

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103283

Minghao Tang , Xiaogang Wu

Social closure theory posits that individuals from privileged social classes tend to exhibit more realistic attitudes and preferences in mate selection. However, less is known about how these realistic attitudes toward love (ATL) evolve after individuals engage in romantic relationships. This study examines the relationship between college students’ family background and their ATL, and how these patterns are reshaped through romantic experiences. Using data from the Beijing College Students Panel Survey (BCSPS), we find that students from advantaged background (i.e., parents with higher education and higher occupational status) are more likely to hold realistic ATL. However, this association between family socioeconomic status and realistic ATL tends to diminish among students with romantic experience. Moreover, the moderating effect of romantic experience differs by gender and is applicable to male students only. These findings suggest that romantic involvement may foster greater social inclusion by influencing attitudes toward love and marriage.

社会封闭理论认为，来自社会特权阶层的个体在择偶时往往表现出更现实的态度和偏好。然而，人们对恋爱后这些现实的爱情态度（ATL）是如何演变的知之甚少。本研究探讨了大学生家庭背景与ATL之间的关系，以及这些模式是如何通过恋爱经历重塑的。利用北京大学生小组调查（BCSPS）的数据，我们发现来自优势背景（即父母受过高等教育和职业地位较高）的学生更有可能持有现实的ATL。然而，在有恋爱经历的学生中，家庭社会经济地位与现实ATL之间的这种联系往往会减弱。此外，浪漫经历的调节作用因性别而异，仅适用于男生。这些发现表明，恋爱关系可能通过影响对爱情和婚姻的态度来促进更大的社会包容。

引用次数: 0

Polarized by moderates 温和派的两极分化

IF 3.5 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103281

Austin Horng-En Wang , Darrell Carter , Naseem Benjelloun , Dhritiman Banerjee , Sydney Cervantes

Polls reveal an increasing ideological polarization in recent decades, which is attributed to polarizing die-hard partisans. However, mainstream measures on polarization, including mean difference and overlap measures, ignore how moderates may indirectly contribute to polarization by leaving or (re)joining parties. This article mathematically distinguishes how partisans and nonpartisans contribute to polarization, respectively. The revised measures apply to four panel surveys: ANES1992-1996 (n = 588), ANES1994-1996 (n = 1302), ANES2000-2002 (n = 412), and ANES2016-2020 (n = 1977). The result shows that loyal partisans only account for 5% – 50% of the overall changes in ideological polarization we observed previously, and the remains are explained by detaching nonpartisans and newcoming partisans, who are usually ideologically moderates. The results and new measures offer insights into examining the heterogeneity of polarizations and help form new strategies for dealing with polarization.

民意调查显示，近几十年来，意识形态的两极分化日益加剧，这要归因于顽固党派的两极分化。然而，关于两极分化的主流措施，包括平均差异和重叠措施，忽略了温和派如何通过离开或（重新）加入政党间接促成两极分化。这篇文章分别从数学上区分了党派人士和无党派人士对两极分化的贡献。修订后的措施适用于四个小组调查：ANES1992-1996 (n = 588), ANES1994-1996 (n = 1302), ANES2000-2002 （n = 412）和ANES2016-2020 （n = 1977）。结果表明，忠诚的党派人士只占我们之前观察到的意识形态两极分化总体变化的5% - 50%，剩下的部分可以用分离的无党派人士和新加入的党派人士来解释，他们通常是意识形态上的温和派。研究结果和新措施为研究两极分化的异质性提供了见解，并有助于形成应对两极分化的新策略。

引用次数: 0