Social Science Research最新文献

Impact of layoffs on mortality and physical health in transitional China 1989–2015 1989-2015 年转型期中国下岗对死亡率和身体健康的影响

IF 3.2 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103110

Qian Song , Emily Lim , Esther Friedman , James P. Smith

This study examines the long-term health impacts of massive layoffs from State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in transitional China, a period characterized by significant economic, cultural, and policy transformation. Utilizing the China Health and Nutrition Survey data from 1989 to 2014, we employ a life course framework to analyze how macro and interpersonal contexts influence mortality and physical health following job loss. Our analysis reveals that, despite short-term income disruptions and persistent income volatility, laid-off workers restored income and gained improved access to various types of health insurance over two decades. In the medium term, we observed increased mortality and cardiovascular diseases, which subsided after a decade. Notably, hypertension emerged as an outcome only after a decade of job loss. While the expansion of urban health insurance schemes contributed to reducing long-term mortality risks, the impact on other health outcomes was marginal. Contrary to patterns observed in Western developed countries, economic mechanisms in transitional China overall played only a minor role in the adverse effects on physical health outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of considering the temporal dynamics and the heterogeneity of impacts across evolving socio-cultural and policy contexts. We also discuss the social-psychological mechanisms that operate within the rich context of transitional China over several decades.

本研究探讨了转型期中国国有企业大规模裁员对健康的长期影响，这一时期的特点是经济、文化和政策发生了重大转变。利用 1989 年至 2014 年的中国健康与营养调查数据，我们采用生命历程框架来分析宏观和人际环境如何影响失业后的死亡率和身体健康。我们的分析表明，尽管下岗职工的收入受到短期干扰，且收入持续波动，但他们在二十年间恢复了收入，并获得了更多的各类医疗保险。从中期来看，我们观察到死亡率和心血管疾病有所增加，但十年后有所缓解。值得注意的是，高血压是在失业十年后才出现的。虽然城市医疗保险计划的扩大有助于降低长期死亡风险，但对其他健康结果的影响微乎其微。与在西方发达国家观察到的模式相反，转型期中国的经济机制总体上只对身体健康结果的不利影响起到了次要作用。这些发现强调了在不断变化的社会文化和政策背景下考虑时间动态和影响异质性的重要性。我们还讨论了几十年来转型期中国丰富背景下的社会心理机制。

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引用次数: 0

Political and educational dynamics behind the Evangelicals’ stance against mask mandates during COVID-19 in the U.S. 在美国 COVID-19 期间，福音派反对面膜任务的立场背后的政治和教育动态。

IF 3.2 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103100

Junhe Yang , Zack W. Almquist , James H. Jones

This study investigates the mediation effect of conservative political ideology on the relationship between Evangelical identities and attitudes against the mask mandate during COVID-19 in the U.S., using a nationally representative survey administered over three waves from September 2020 to June 2021. We employ a moderated mediation analysis to examine the pathway from Evangelical identity to political conservativeness to anti-mask-mandate attitudes, and the interaction effect between years of education and political ideology. A logistic regression model is used to investigate each path in the mediation analysis. Results suggest that controlling for socio-demographic background, self-identified Evangelical status positively drives resistance to the mask mandate. Additional findings confirm that political orientation is not only an established predictor of the polarized public support of masking, as found in existing studies, but is also a key mechanism by which Evangelical identities positively predict anti-mask-mask attitudes. Finally, a higher level of education is associated with greater political polarization of public opinions on the mask mandate during the pandemic.

本研究利用 2020 年 9 月至 2021 年 6 月期间进行的三次全国代表性调查，探讨了保守政治意识形态对美国 COVID-19 期间福音派身份与反对面具授权态度之间关系的中介效应。我们采用调节中介分析来考察从福音派身份到政治保守性再到反对面具授权态度的路径，以及受教育年限和政治意识形态之间的交互效应。我们使用逻辑回归模型来研究中介分析中的每条路径。结果表明，在控制社会人口背景的情况下，自我认同的福音派身份会积极推动对面具强制规定的抵制。其他研究结果证实，政治倾向不仅是现有研究中发现的公众两极化支持面具的既定预测因素，也是福音派身份积极预测反面具态度的关键机制。最后，受教育程度越高，大流行病期间公众对口罩任务的政治两极化意见就越大。

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引用次数: 0

Social welfare expansion and political support during economic slowdown: A panel data analysis of China, 2010–2018 经济放缓时期的社会福利扩张与政治支持：2010-2018 年中国面板数据分析

IF 3.2 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103112

Xue Li , Bingdao Zheng

While economic growth is often emphasized as crucial for developing nations to maintain political support, the impact of social welfare provision in such countries remains unclear. This article investigates how social security spending and economic growth affect political support in China, with a focus on citizens’ evaluations of local government performance. Using a dataset that combines five waves of the China Family Panel Studies surveys with city-level socioeconomic measures from 2010 to 2018, we find that, despite the role of economic growth, social security spending significantly encourages political support. The impact of social security expansion is particularly pronounced during periods of economic slowdown and among its primary beneficiaries—rural residents and non-state-sector workers. Moreover, social security spending enhances political support across both disadvantaged and advantaged groups, while economic growth primarily increases the political support of advantaged groups. These findings suggest that social welfare provision can garner broader popular support, especially during economic downturns. Our study contributes to the literature on non-Western political systems by highlighting the importance of social welfare provision in sustaining regime stability.

虽然经济增长经常被强调为发展中国家维持政治支持的关键，但在这些国家提供社会福利的影响仍不明确。本文研究了社会保障支出和经济增长如何影响中国的政治支持，重点关注公民对地方政府绩效的评价。我们利用 2010 年至 2018 年期间五次中国家庭面板研究调查的数据集与城市层面的社会经济衡量指标相结合，发现尽管经济增长发挥了作用，但社会保障支出极大地鼓励了政治支持。在经济放缓时期，社会保障扩张对其主要受益者--农村居民和非国有部门工人的影响尤为明显。此外，社会保障支出既能提高弱势群体的政治支持，也能提高优势群体的政治支持，而经济增长则主要提高优势群体的政治支持。这些研究结果表明，社会福利的提供可以获得更广泛的民众支持，尤其是在经济衰退时期。我们的研究强调了社会福利供给在维持政权稳定方面的重要性，从而为非西方政治制度方面的文献做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Punishing “gender deviants”? Women born in the year of the white horse and college selectivity 惩罚 "性别异类"？白马年出生的女性与大学选择性

IF 3.2 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103111

Soocheol Cho , Dohoon Lee

Belief in the Chinese zodiac, a cultural belief widely held in East Asian cultures, posits that people are fated to have different traits according to the zodiac animal attached to their birth year. As a white horse is culturally associated with masculine traits, Korean women born in the White Horse year are presumed to be argumentative, headstrong, and born with “too much” Yin energy. In this study, we analyze a nationally representative sample of Korean college graduates to examine whether and how being born in the White Horse year, thereby being chronically exposed to gender stereotype-violating stigma, affects women's higher educational attainment. Our difference-in-differences models show that White Horse women, on average, entered colleges of lower selectivity than did non-White Horse women, whereas no such disadvantage was attached to White Horse men. The results also suggest that, although the negative impact of the White Horse stigma is more salient for socioeconomically disadvantaged White Horse women than for their advantaged counterparts, the difference between the two groups does not reach statistical significance. We discuss the implications of these findings with emphasis on the role of sheer presumptions about gendered expectations in reproducing social disadvantages for women.

生肖信仰是东亚文化中广泛存在的一种文化信仰，它认为人的出生年份所对应的生肖注定了其不同的性格特征。由于白马在文化上与男性特质相关，白马年出生的韩国女性被认为是好辩、刚愎自用、阴气 "太重 "的人。在本研究中，我们对具有全国代表性的韩国大学毕业生样本进行了分析，以研究白马年出生是否会以及如何影响女性的高等教育成就，因为白马年出生的女性长期暴露在违反性别刻板印象的污名之下。我们的差异模型显示，平均而言，白马女性进入大学的选择性低于非白马女性，而白马男性则没有这种劣势。研究结果还表明，尽管白马烙印的负面影响对社会经济条件较差的白马女性比对条件较好的白马女性更为突出，但两组之间的差异并没有达到统计学意义上的显著性。我们讨论了这些研究结果的影响，重点是关于性别期望的纯粹假定在复制妇女的社会劣势方面所起的作用。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of world society on international poverty, 1990–2018 1990-2018 年世界社会对国际贫困的影响

IF 3.2 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103090

Steven A. Mejia

引用次数: 0

Adult intergenerational proximity and parents’ depressive symptoms: A bidirectional approach 成人代际亲近与父母的抑郁症状：双向方法

IF 3.2 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103094

Lisa Jessee , Valeria Bordone , Karsten Hank

To date, only a few studies have investigated the bidirectional relationship in the intergenerational proximity-health nexus, specifically how geographic proximity affects older parents' depressive symptoms and vice versa. Drawing on eight waves (2004–2018) of the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (n = 17,671), we examine several mechanisms (‘mobilization’, ‘social support’, and ‘social breakdown’) that drive the complex relationship between intergenerational proximity and parental depressive symptoms. Dynamic panel models with fixed effects in a structural equation modeling context provided some weak evidence of a ‘mobilization effect’ (that is, parents', especially fathers', depression triggering greater proximity, including coresidence) and somewhat clearer evidence for a ‘social breakdown effect’ of coresidential transitions on parents' depressive symptoms (particularly among ‘Whites’ and fathers). We found no evidence to support the notion of a ‘social support mechanism’ (predicting that greater proximity or the transition to coresidence would decrease the number of parents' depressive symptoms).

迄今为止，只有少数研究调查了代际邻近性与健康之间的双向关系，特别是地理邻近性如何影响老年父母的抑郁症状，反之亦然。利用美国健康与退休研究的八次波次（2004-2018 年）（n = 17671），我们研究了推动代际邻近性与父母抑郁症状之间复杂关系的几种机制（"动员"、"社会支持 "和 "社会崩溃"）。在结构方程建模的背景下，固定效应的动态面板模型提供了一些 "动员效应 "的微弱证据（即父母，尤其是父亲的抑郁症会引发更多的接近，包括同住），以及同住过渡对父母抑郁症状（尤其是在 "白人 "和父亲中）的 "社会崩溃效应 "的更明确证据。我们没有发现任何证据支持 "社会支持机制 "的概念（预测距离更近或过渡到同住会减少父母抑郁症状的数量）。

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引用次数: 0

Adaptive educational expectations: How do parental educational expectations respond to child academic performance in various family contexts? 适应性教育期望：在不同的家庭环境中，父母的教育期望如何影响子女的学习成绩？

IF 3.2 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103097

Wensong Shen , Emily Hannum , Hua-Yu Sebastian Cherng

Parental educational expectations are well-studied in sociology of education and social stratification and mobility, but most literature conceptualizes these expectations as static or considers how they change only at key educational junctures such as educational transitions. Whether parental educational expectations adapt to child academic performance more generally, and what might be the key theoretical components in adaptation, are not well-conceptualized or tested. To address these limitations, we posit and test the concept of adaptive educational expectations. Our concept encompasses three key propositions: adaptability – parental expectations adapt to child academic performance; relative responsiveness – the adaptive response of parental expectations to child performance is larger in magnitude than the responsiveness of child performance to parental expectations; and heterogeneity – the adaptability of parental expectations varies across family contexts. We test the concept using the case of China, the largest education system in the world, with analyses of longitudinal data from the China Education Panel Survey. Findings show that parental expectations are more adaptive to child performance in low-SES families than in high-SES families and in rural areas than in nonrural areas, but there is no difference in adaptability by child gender and sibship size. These findings indicate that the adaptation of educational expectations is more shaped by socioeconomic circumstances than family demographics. Furthermore, the use of this concept reveals a hidden form of educational inequality that prior literature often neglects: compared with high-SES parents, low-SES parents not only hold lower educational expectations but are more likely to decrease their expectations when child academic performance declines, which further reduces their educational involvement. These findings illustrate the relevance of all three features of the adaptive educational expectations concept.

父母的教育期望在教育社会学和社会分层与流动性中得到了充分的研究，但大多数文献将这些期望概念化为静态的，或者只考虑它们在教育过渡等关键教育时刻如何变化。至于父母的教育期望是否会适应子女更普遍的学业成绩，以及适应过程中的关键理论要素是什么，都没有得到很好的概念化或检验。为了解决这些局限性，我们提出并检验了适应性教育期望的概念。我们的概念包含三个关键命题：适应性--父母的期望能适应子女的学业成绩；相对反应性--父母期望对子女学业成绩的适应性反应在程度上大于子女学业成绩对父母期望的反应；异质性--父母期望的适应性因家庭环境而异。我们以中国这个世界上最大的教育体系为例，通过对中国教育面板调查的纵向数据进行分析，检验了这一概念。研究结果表明，与高社会经济地位家庭相比，在低社会经济地位家庭中，以及在农村地区与非农村地区相比，父母的期望对子女表现的适应性更强。这些研究结果表明，教育期望的适应性更多地受到社会经济环境的影响，而不是家庭人口统计的影响。此外，这一概念的使用揭示了以往文献经常忽略的一种隐性教育不平等形式：与高社会经济地位的父母相比，低社会经济地位的父母不仅持有较低的教育期望，而且在孩子学习成绩下降时更有可能降低期望值，从而进一步降低他们的教育参与度。这些发现说明了适应性教育期望概念的所有三个特征的相关性。

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引用次数: 0

All in the family? Understanding differences in the kin-centricity of older US adults’ core discussion networks from classic age, period, and cohort table estimates 都是一家人？从经典的年龄、时期和队列表估算中了解美国老年人核心讨论网络的亲属中心性差异

IF 3.2 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103098

Ellen L. Compernolle , Alyssa Goldman , Eric C. Hedberg

Panel data have generated several insights about changes in kin relationships, yet few studies examine these shifts across multiple dimensions of time simultaneously. In this paper, we use data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N = 5269) in classic lexis tables to examine age, period, and cohort differences in the kin-centricity of older adults' core discussion networks. We estimate population averages in discussion network size, range, kin composition, and kin co-residency across ages and periods. Results indicate that older adults’ core discussion networks have become larger, more diverse, and less kin-centric over time. Comparisons of fit statistics across nested models indicate that period and age effects explain most of these changes. Our findings add nuance to concerns about a growing crisis of social isolation, suggesting that declines in core discussion network kin-centricity may be accompanied by the maintenance or addition of more alternative, non-kin close ties in later life.

面板数据对亲属关系的变化产生了一些启示，但很少有研究能同时从多个时间维度考察这些变化。在本文中，我们利用经典词表中的全国社会生活、健康和老龄化项目数据（N = 5269），考察了老年人核心讨论网络中亲属中心性的年龄、时期和队列差异。我们估算了不同年龄和时期的讨论网络规模、范围、亲属构成和亲属共同居住地的人口平均值。结果表明，随着时间的推移，老年人的核心讨论网络变得越来越大、越来越多样化，以亲属为中心的程度也越来越低。嵌套模型的拟合统计比较表明，时期和年龄效应可以解释这些变化的大部分原因。我们的研究结果为人们对日益严重的社会隔离危机的担忧增添了细微差别，表明在核心讨论网络亲属中心性下降的同时，晚年生活中可能会维持或增加更多的替代性非亲属密切联系。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of grandparental involvement on grandchildren's school grades: Heterogeneity by the extended family characteristics 祖父母参与对孙辈学习成绩的影响：大家庭特征的异质性

IF 3.2 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103095

Francesca Zanasi , Valeria Bordone

As the early years are crucial for individuals' lifelong socioeconomic success, extensive research has examined the impact of non-maternal childcare on children's development. This study aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between grandparental involvement (defined as grandparent childcare, frequency of contact, and financial support) and grandchildren's school grades, exploring a mechanism of positive selection: children from extended families with specific socioeconomic characteristics are more likely to spend time with grandparents and benefit the most from this involvement.

We utilize data from the German Pairfam survey, which uniquely provides rich information on three family generations. By conducting a heterogeneous treatment effect analysis, we account for confounding factors associated with grandparental involvement and school performance that could bias our findings. For example, children from advantaged families could be more likely to spend time with grandparents and achieve better school grades. Additionally, this approach examines whether the effect of grandparental involvement systematically varies across children based on the extended family's characteristics. For example, children from advantaged families may benefit the most from spending time with grandparents who possess social, cultural, and cognitive resources conducive to their development.

After accounting for confounding factors and heterogeneity, our analyses do not reveal a statistically significant effect of grandparental investment on children's school grades. The study concludes by discussing possible reasons for this result and highlighting the implications for the intergenerational transmission of inequality.

幼年时期对个人一生的社会经济成就至关重要，因此，大量研究探讨了非母性育儿对儿童发展的影响。本研究旨在加深对祖父母参与（定义为祖父母育儿、接触频率和经济支持）与孙辈学业成绩之间关系的理解，探索一种正向选择机制：来自具有特定社会经济特征的大家庭的孩子更有可能与祖父母共度时光，并从这种参与中获益最多。我们利用的数据来自德国 Pairfam 调查，该调查提供了独特的有关家庭三代人的丰富信息。通过异质性治疗效果分析，我们考虑到了与祖父母参与和学校成绩相关的混杂因素，这些因素可能会使我们的研究结果产生偏差。例如，家庭条件优越的孩子更有可能花时间与祖父母在一起，从而取得更好的学习成绩。此外，这种方法还可以研究祖父母参与的影响是否会根据大家庭的特征而对不同儿童产生系统性的影响。在考虑了混杂因素和异质性后，我们的分析并未发现祖父母投资对儿童学业成绩有显著的统计学影响。研究最后讨论了出现这一结果的可能原因，并强调了不平等代际传递的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Field of study, political attitudes, and support for the radical right in Sweden and Europe 瑞典和欧洲激进右翼的研究领域、政治态度和支持率

IF 3.2 2区社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY

Social Science Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103091

Amanda Almstedt Valldor

This study uses three different surveys to investigate the links between various educational fields, radical right support, and political opinions. Logit regressions and KHB mediation analysis of 41,770 observations from the Swedish SOM survey (2011–2019) reveal that graduates from technical and agricultural fields are approximately twice as likely to support the radical right as graduates from sociocultural fields. Fields such as natural sciences, business, and health demonstrate medium to medium-high support. These differences are partially mediated by horizontal, but not vertical, labor market allocation. Replication using the European Social Survey (ESS) indicates that these patterns are generalizable to Western, but not Eastern, Europe. Additional analyses show that radical right support and refugee intake skepticism decrease with years spent in sociocultural, but not technical, fields in upper-secondary school. Moreover, panel data from the Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU) show that progressive attitude shifts occur predominantly following education in sociocultural fields.

本研究利用三种不同的调查来研究不同教育领域、激进右翼支持和政治观点之间的联系。对瑞典SOM调查（2011-2019年）中的41,770个观测值进行的Logit回归和KHB中介分析表明，技术和农业领域的毕业生支持激进右翼的可能性大约是社会文化领域毕业生的两倍。自然科学、商业和健康等领域的支持率为中高水平。这些差异部分受到劳动力市场横向分配的影响，而非纵向分配。利用欧洲社会调查（ESS）进行的复制表明，这些模式可在西欧而非东欧推广。其他分析表明，激进右翼支持和难民收容怀疑会随着高中阶段在社会文化领域（而非技术领域）学习年数的增加而减少。此外，瑞典生活水平调查（LNU）的面板数据显示，进步态度的转变主要发生在接受社会文化领域的教育之后。

引用次数: 0