Pub Date : 2025-07-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103233
Sangsoo Lee
Despite the increased prevalence of female breadwinning (i.e., marriages in which the wife outearns her husband) across the globe, our understanding of individuals’ attitudes toward such relationships remains limited. Using the seventh wave of the World Values Survey, this study examines how macro-level contexts are related to men’s and women’s aversion to female breadwinning. There are four key findings. First, men, on average, exhibit a greater aversion to female breadwinning compared to women. Second, in countries with greater macro-level gender equality, both men and women are less averse to female breadwinning. Third, in countries with higher rates of men’s unemployment, there is a wider gender gap in aversion to female breadwinning. This trend is primarily driven by men’s heightened aversion to female breadwinning in such countries, which suggests men may respond to economic uncertainty by overemphasizing their roles as primary breadwinners to bolster their endangered masculinity. Fourth, in countries with higher levels of economic development, both men and women are less averse to female breadwinning, resulting in a narrower gender gap. This study highlights the importance of linking individual attitudes toward female breadwinning to macro-level contexts.
{"title":"Men’s and women’s aversion to female breadwinning: Linking individual attitudes to macro-level contexts","authors":"Sangsoo Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the increased prevalence of female breadwinning (i.e., marriages in which the wife outearns her husband) across the globe, our understanding of individuals’ attitudes toward such relationships remains limited. Using the seventh wave of the World Values Survey, this study examines how macro-level contexts are related to men’s and women’s aversion to female breadwinning. There are four key findings. First, men, on average, exhibit a greater aversion to female breadwinning compared to women. Second, in countries with greater macro-level gender equality, both men and women are less averse to female breadwinning. Third, in countries with higher rates of men’s unemployment, there is a wider gender gap in aversion to female breadwinning. This trend is primarily driven by men’s heightened aversion to female breadwinning in such countries, which suggests men may respond to economic uncertainty by overemphasizing their roles as primary breadwinners to bolster their endangered masculinity. Fourth, in countries with higher levels of economic development, both men and women are less averse to female breadwinning, resulting in a narrower gender gap. This study highlights the importance of linking individual attitudes toward female breadwinning to macro-level contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 103233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103228
Margarita Torre , Jesús A. Prieto-Alonso , Iñaki Ucar
This study examines gender collaboration patterns across male-dominated, gender-neutral, and female-dominated fields. Using data from the Web of Science, we investigate how the increasing participation of women in research affects gender homophily in scientific collaborations. Our analysis covers articles indexed from 1980 to 2019, encompassing 15,642 journals, 28,241,100 articles, and 111,980,858 authorships across 153 research areas. We find that gender homophily is most pronounced in fields at the intersection of male-dominated and gender-neutral areas and lowest in female-dominated fields. We suggest that this asymmetry arises from differing incentives for cross-gender collaboration. Men may view the increasing presence of women in traditionally male fields as a threat to the status quo, reinforcing exclusionary behaviors like homophily. In contrast, women may view cross-gender collaboration as an opportunity to enhance their status and expand their networks.
{"title":"The uneven effects of gender parity: Trends in gender homophily in scientific publications, 1980–2019","authors":"Margarita Torre , Jesús A. Prieto-Alonso , Iñaki Ucar","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines gender collaboration patterns across male-dominated, gender-neutral, and female-dominated fields. Using data from the Web of Science, we investigate how the increasing participation of women in research affects gender homophily in scientific collaborations. Our analysis covers articles indexed from 1980 to 2019, encompassing 15,642 journals, 28,241,100 articles, and 111,980,858 authorships across 153 research areas. We find that gender homophily is most pronounced in fields at the intersection of male-dominated and gender-neutral areas and lowest in female-dominated fields. We suggest that this asymmetry arises from differing incentives for cross-gender collaboration. Men may view the increasing presence of women in traditionally male fields as a threat to the status quo, reinforcing exclusionary behaviors like homophily. In contrast, women may view cross-gender collaboration as an opportunity to enhance their status and expand their networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 103228"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103229
Yinon Cohen , Kaiting Zhou
The selectivity of immigrants largely depends on economic returns to skills. Since the 1970s the rising income inequality in the US relative to Israel, an indicator of greater returns to skills in the former, implies the intensification of the positive selectivity of Israeli immigrants in the US in recent decades, especially among the highly skilled. To test this hypothesis, we compared the education and income of four successive cohorts of Israeli immigrants relative to two benchmark groups—the Israeli population from which immigrants were drawn and the US population they joined. The results, based on analyzing Israeli Labor Force Surveys and US Census and ACS data from 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2015, support the hypothesis: the gaps in educational levels between successive cohorts of ‘recent’ Israeli-born Jewish immigrants (those who resided in the US for no more than 5 years) and the Israel-born Jewish population from which they were drawn, grew larger over time. Income analyses relative to US benchmark groups, both income ratios and quintile regressions, suggest that the labor market skills of successive cohorts of Israeli immigrants in the US have improved, not only on education, but also on some unobserved traits enhancing income. Moreover, as expected by the theory, the rise in the selectivity of successive cohorts of Israeli immigrants was the greatest among the most skilled immigrants—those located at the 90th percentile of their cohort's income distribution and aspiring to join the very top of income receivers in the US.
{"title":"Rising selectivity of Israeli immigrants to the United States, 1976–2017","authors":"Yinon Cohen , Kaiting Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The selectivity of immigrants largely depends on economic returns to skills. Since the 1970s the rising income inequality in the US relative to Israel, an indicator of greater returns to skills in the former, implies the intensification of the positive selectivity of Israeli immigrants in the US in recent decades, especially among the highly skilled. To test this hypothesis, we compared the education and income of four successive cohorts of Israeli immigrants relative to two benchmark groups—the Israeli population from which immigrants were drawn and the US population they joined. The results, based on analyzing Israeli Labor Force Surveys and US Census and ACS data from 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2015, support the hypothesis: the gaps in educational levels between successive cohorts of ‘recent’ Israeli-born Jewish immigrants (those who resided in the US for no more than 5 years) and the Israel-born Jewish population from which they were drawn, grew larger over time. Income analyses relative to US benchmark groups, both income ratios and quintile regressions, suggest that the labor market skills of successive cohorts of Israeli immigrants in the US have improved, not only on education, but also on some unobserved traits enhancing income. Moreover, as expected by the theory, the rise in the selectivity of successive cohorts of Israeli immigrants was the greatest among the most skilled immigrants—those located at the 90th percentile of their cohort's income distribution and aspiring to join the very top of income receivers in the US.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103229"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103230
Jie Wang, Xin Chen
This study investigates the evolving patterns of assortative mating based on family background and education in China from 1978 to 2022 focusing on the impact of economic inequality. Using data from the 2010–2022 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) and employing log-linear models, the study examines how family background (ascribed status) and educational attainment (achieved status) influence mate selection. The findings reveal that, the degree of family background homogamy has strengthened with social modernization in China. This shift is closely linked to the rising economic inequality in the context of China, which has increased the emphasis on economic and cultural resources in mate selection. Meanwhile, educational homogamy followed a pattern of initial increase, reflecting the growing importance of education in spousal choice, followed by a decline in recent decades. This decline may be attributed to the devaluation of educational qualifications due to the rapid expansion of higher education. The results support the economic inequality perspective, suggesting that economic inequality has a stronger influence on assortative mating trends than modernization theories. These findings underscore the critical role of family background in shaping marriage patterns, reinforcing the concentration of socioeconomic resources within families and contributing to the perpetuation of social inequality.
{"title":"Achieved or ascribed? The trajectory of family background and educational assortative mating in China over four decades","authors":"Jie Wang, Xin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the evolving patterns of assortative mating based on family background and education in China from 1978 to 2022 focusing on the impact of economic inequality. Using data from the 2010–2022 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) and employing log-linear models, the study examines how family background (ascribed status) and educational attainment (achieved status) influence mate selection. The findings reveal that, the degree of family background homogamy has strengthened with social modernization in China. This shift is closely linked to the rising economic inequality in the context of China, which has increased the emphasis on economic and cultural resources in mate selection. Meanwhile, educational homogamy followed a pattern of initial increase, reflecting the growing importance of education in spousal choice, followed by a decline in recent decades. This decline may be attributed to the devaluation of educational qualifications due to the rapid expansion of higher education. The results support the economic inequality perspective, suggesting that economic inequality has a stronger influence on assortative mating trends than modernization theories. These findings underscore the critical role of family background in shaping marriage patterns, reinforcing the concentration of socioeconomic resources within families and contributing to the perpetuation of social inequality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103231
Tibor Rutar , Marko Hočevar
Liberal economic institutions – such as secure property rights, modest regulation, and free international trade – seem to boost economic development, but how do they relate to relative poverty? Surprisingly, given the social salience of this question in the age of globalization, there is almost no comprehensive research using global panel data and aggregate indices of economic freedom to investigate it. We construct such a dataset with 139 countries, and present fixed-effects and dynamic-panel regressions of relative poverty on liberal economic institutions, measured with the Fraser Institute's Economic Freedom of the World (EFW) index. Our baseline finding is that over-time increases in economic freedom – especially freedom of international trade but also limited government size – predict modest decreases in relative poverty. This relationship turns out to be heterogeneous and strongly mediated by unemployment, such that economic freedom decreases unemployment, which in turn decreases relative poverty. Crucially, we find that collectivism, a cultural variable, strongly moderates the relationship between economic freedom and poverty to the extent that it becomes non-significant in societies tending toward collectivism. Concerning endogeneity, our results are shown to be quite robust to moderate levels of omitted-variable bias in formal tests, and reverse causality is not an issue. However, dynamic panel models that include lagged values of the dependent variable among regressors indicate loss of significance for some of our main results, preventing us from claiming complete robustness to endogeneity.
{"title":"Liberal economic institutions reduce relative poverty only in developed, individualist societies: A global analysis, 2000–2019","authors":"Tibor Rutar , Marko Hočevar","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liberal economic institutions – such as secure property rights, modest regulation, and free international trade – seem to boost economic development, but how do they relate to relative poverty? Surprisingly, given the social salience of this question in the age of globalization, there is almost no comprehensive research using global panel data and aggregate indices of economic freedom to investigate it. We construct such a dataset with 139 countries, and present fixed-effects and dynamic-panel regressions of relative poverty on liberal economic institutions, measured with the Fraser Institute's Economic Freedom of the World (EFW) index. Our baseline finding is that over-time increases in economic freedom – especially freedom of international trade but also limited government size – predict modest decreases in relative poverty. This relationship turns out to be heterogeneous and strongly mediated by unemployment, such that economic freedom decreases unemployment, which in turn decreases relative poverty. Crucially, we find that collectivism, a cultural variable, strongly moderates the relationship between economic freedom and poverty to the extent that it becomes non-significant in societies tending toward collectivism. Concerning endogeneity, our results are shown to be quite robust to moderate levels of omitted-variable bias in formal tests, and reverse causality is not an issue. However, dynamic panel models that include lagged values of the dependent variable among regressors indicate loss of significance for some of our main results, preventing us from claiming complete robustness to endogeneity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103227
Zafer Buyukkececi
Using 14 waves of longitudinal data from the German Family Panel and individual-level fixed effects models, this study investigated how parent-adult child relationships change following the job loss of the adult children. We focused on contact frequency, emotional closeness, and three dimensions of functional solidarity: emotional, instrumental, and material support from parents to their adult children.
The findings revealed that parent-child relationships intensified after job loss across all examined domains, highlighting the important role of families as safety nets during challenging times. Analyses of father- and mother-child relationships showed that while mother-child relationships strengthened in all areas, only functional solidarity between fathers and children increased significantly.
These results emphasize the importance of family support not only in childhood but also in adulthood, especially during crises. Moreover, the differences between mothers and fathers highlight the gendered nature of parent-child relationships following job loss.
{"title":"Unemployment and parent-adult child relationships: How parental support evolves following job loss","authors":"Zafer Buyukkececi","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using 14 waves of longitudinal data from the German Family Panel and individual-level fixed effects models, this study investigated how parent-adult child relationships change following the job loss of the adult children. We focused on contact frequency, emotional closeness, and three dimensions of functional solidarity: emotional, instrumental, and material support from parents to their adult children.</div><div>The findings revealed that parent-child relationships intensified after job loss across all examined domains, highlighting the important role of families as safety nets during challenging times. Analyses of father- and mother-child relationships showed that while mother-child relationships strengthened in all areas, only functional solidarity between fathers and children increased significantly.</div><div>These results emphasize the importance of family support not only in childhood but also in adulthood, especially during crises. Moreover, the differences between mothers and fathers highlight the gendered nature of parent-child relationships following job loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103212
Jingwen Liu
Despite growing concerns of social isolation among older adults, the potential role of societal changes, such as the rise in non-kin relations, non-religious social participation, and digital media use, remains understudied in shaping social connectedness among younger cohorts. This study moves beyond traditional measures of core kinships, religious social participation, and in-person contact to better reflect emerging societal changes. Applying Hierarchical Growth Curve Modeling to the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 2004–2018, N = 42,959 observations), this paper examines cohort variations in individual age trajectories of social connectedness and the changing intracohort social disparities. Contrary to common assumptions, results suggest that although social connectedness decreases from Late Children of Depression to War Babies and Early Baby Boomers, it notably stalls among more recent Mid and Late Baby Boomers. From a life course perspective, Mid and Late Baby Boomers even exhibit significantly slower decline rates as they age, while their predecessors demonstrate accelerated declining trajectories. Moreover, women and Hispanic older adults consistently demonstrate higher social connectedness than their male and White counterparts within each cohort, with these differences also becoming more pronounced among Mid and Late Boomers. Further analyses indicate that these trends can be partially explained by baby boomers’ improvements in socioeconomic status, physical health, and gender/racial/ethnic equality. However, societal changes that emphasize the significance of distant relations, non-religious social activities, and digital communication may play a more important role in compensating for the decline of traditional connections. These findings reflect broader cultural transitions in family and socialization practices in contemporary America.
尽管老年人越来越担心社会孤立，但社会变化（如非亲属关系、非宗教社会参与和数字媒体使用的增加）在塑造年轻群体的社会联系方面的潜在作用仍未得到充分研究。这项研究超越了传统的核心亲属关系、宗教社会参与和面对面接触的衡量标准，更好地反映了新兴的社会变化。本文将分层增长曲线模型应用于健康与退休研究（HRS, 2004-2018, N = 42,959个观察值），研究了个体年龄社会联系轨迹的队列变化和队列内社会差异的变化。与通常的假设相反，研究结果表明，尽管社会联系从抑郁症晚期儿童到战争婴儿和早期婴儿潮一代下降，但在最近的婴儿潮中后期，这种联系明显停滞。从生命历程的角度来看，随着年龄的增长，婴儿潮中期和后期出生的人甚至表现出明显较慢的下降速度，而他们的前辈则表现出加速下降的轨迹。此外，在每个队列中，女性和西班牙裔老年人始终表现出比男性和白人同行更高的社会联系，这种差异在婴儿潮中后期也变得更加明显。进一步的分析表明，这些趋势可以部分解释为婴儿潮一代在社会经济地位、身体健康和性别/种族/民族平等方面的改善。然而，强调远距离关系、非宗教社会活动和数字通信的重要性的社会变化可能在弥补传统联系的下降方面发挥更重要的作用。这些发现反映了当代美国家庭和社会化实践中更广泛的文化转变。
{"title":"An epidemic of social isolation? Age and cohort trends of social connectedness among older adults, 2004–2018","authors":"Jingwen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite growing concerns of social isolation among older adults, the potential role of societal changes, such as the rise in non-kin relations, non-religious social participation, and digital media use, remains understudied in shaping social connectedness among younger cohorts. This study moves beyond traditional measures of core kinships, religious social participation, and in-person contact to better reflect emerging societal changes. Applying Hierarchical Growth Curve Modeling to the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 2004–2018, <em>N</em> = 42,959 observations), this paper examines cohort variations in individual age trajectories of social connectedness and the changing intracohort social disparities. Contrary to common assumptions, results suggest that although social connectedness decreases from Late Children of Depression to War Babies and Early Baby Boomers, it notably stalls among more recent Mid and Late Baby Boomers. From a life course perspective, Mid and Late Baby Boomers even exhibit significantly slower decline rates as they age, while their predecessors demonstrate accelerated declining trajectories. Moreover, women and Hispanic older adults consistently demonstrate higher social connectedness than their male and White counterparts within each cohort, with these differences also becoming more pronounced among Mid and Late Boomers. Further analyses indicate that these trends can be partially explained by baby boomers’ improvements in socioeconomic status, physical health, and gender/racial/ethnic equality. However, societal changes that emphasize the significance of distant relations, non-religious social activities, and digital communication may play a more important role in compensating for the decline of traditional connections. These findings reflect broader cultural transitions in family and socialization practices in contemporary America.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103226
Leo Röhlke
This study empirically tests the time-displacement hypothesis, examining if early adolescents' mobile phone use displaces time spent on developmentally beneficial activities. Time displacement is often considered a key mechanism by which mobile phone use negatively impacts developmental outcomes in adolescence, but robust empirical evidence on this hypothesis is lacking. This study overcomes several methodological limitations of prior studies on time displacement through a specific research design. Using longitudinal time-use data from a sample of Australian early adolescents (ages 10–13) in combination with a weighted difference-in-differences (DID) design, the effect of first mobile phone acquisition on allocation of time to various activities is examined. The results challenge the time-displacement hypothesis, providing no evidence that early adolescents spend less time on enrichment, physical activity, or sleep after acquiring their first mobile phone. Instead, acquiring their first mobile phone is associated with a significant reduction in time spent watching TV, movies, or videos. This suggests that the historic rise in adolescent mobile phone use may partly reflect a shift away from traditional screen-based activities rather than a displacement of developmentally beneficial activities. Parental guidelines recommending later ages of mobile phone acquisition are unlikely to impact early adolescents’ engagement in non-screen activities.
{"title":"Does mobile phone use in early adolescence displace enrichment, physical activity, and sleep? A longitudinal examination of the time-displacement hypothesis","authors":"Leo Röhlke","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study empirically tests the time-displacement hypothesis, examining if early adolescents' mobile phone use displaces time spent on developmentally beneficial activities. Time displacement is often considered a key mechanism by which mobile phone use negatively impacts developmental outcomes in adolescence, but robust empirical evidence on this hypothesis is lacking. This study overcomes several methodological limitations of prior studies on time displacement through a specific research design. Using longitudinal time-use data from a sample of Australian early adolescents (ages 10–13) in combination with a weighted difference-in-differences (DID) design, the effect of first mobile phone acquisition on allocation of time to various activities is examined. The results challenge the time-displacement hypothesis, providing no evidence that early adolescents spend less time on enrichment, physical activity, or sleep after acquiring their first mobile phone. Instead, acquiring their first mobile phone is associated with a significant reduction in time spent watching TV, movies, or videos. This suggests that the historic rise in adolescent mobile phone use may partly reflect a shift away from traditional screen-based activities rather than a displacement of developmentally beneficial activities. Parental guidelines recommending later ages of mobile phone acquisition are unlikely to impact early adolescents’ engagement in non-screen activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103224
Lea Becher , Guido Mehlkop , Sebastian Sattler
In everyday situations, violations of social norms can be perceived as provocations that trigger aggression, which can have negative consequences for the individuals involved and social coexistence. Based on the General Aggression Model (GAM), we investigate how a physical provocation affects the internal state (cognition, arousal, and affect) of the provoked person and how this then affects their potential reactions. We also investigate the moderating effect of the provocateur's social status in this process. Using a scenario-based experiment within a representative sample of the working population in Germany (N = 1,595), the level of provocation and the social status of the provocateur were experimentally manipulated, whereby three indicators of the internal state and three possible reactions (no reaction, verbal aggression, and physical aggression) were measured. Results show that an intentional provocation reduces the likelihood that the provocation will be ignored, while verbal or aggressive reactions become more likely. These effects were mediated by the provoked person's internal state. A higher social status of the provocateur resulted in a more aggressive-prone internal state. Moreover, the verbal reaction to provocation was significantly less affected by the internal state when the provocateur was of high social status. However, a simultaneous analysis of these processes shows that these countervailing conditioning effects of the social status offset the overall impact. This study offers insights into the dynamics of social interactions by demonstrating the functioning of a mechanism between provocation in everyday situations and the provoked individual's reactions, as well as the role of the provocateur's social status.
{"title":"Aggressive behavior and social Status: An experimental test of the general aggression model","authors":"Lea Becher , Guido Mehlkop , Sebastian Sattler","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In everyday situations, violations of social norms can be perceived as provocations that trigger aggression, which can have negative consequences for the individuals involved and social coexistence. Based on the General Aggression Model (GAM), we investigate how a physical provocation affects the internal state (cognition, arousal, and affect) of the provoked person and how this then affects their potential reactions. We also investigate the moderating effect of the provocateur's social status in this process. Using a scenario-based experiment within a representative sample of the working population in Germany (<em>N</em> = 1,595), the level of provocation and the social status of the provocateur were experimentally manipulated, whereby three indicators of the internal state and three possible reactions (no reaction, verbal aggression, and physical aggression) were measured. Results show that an intentional provocation reduces the likelihood that the provocation will be ignored, while verbal or aggressive reactions become more likely. These effects were mediated by the provoked person's internal state. A higher social status of the provocateur resulted in a more aggressive-prone internal state. Moreover, the verbal reaction to provocation was significantly less affected by the internal state when the provocateur was of high social status. However, a simultaneous analysis of these processes shows that these countervailing conditioning effects of the social status offset the overall impact. This study offers insights into the dynamics of social interactions by demonstrating the functioning of a mechanism between provocation in everyday situations and the provoked individual's reactions, as well as the role of the provocateur's social status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-25DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103206
Kirsten Sehnbruch , Joaquín Prieto , Diego Vidal
This paper studies whether workers become “stuck” in poor-quality employment, or whether poor-quality employment can serve as a “stepping stone” towards better job opportunities in the Chilean labor market. It does this from a multidimensional and longitudinal perspective, taking into account the intensity of the deprivation that workers face. In particular, it examines how workers move between good and bad jobs, and between these jobs, unemployment and inactivity and also discusses the respective determinants of these changes. The results of this analysis show that the deprivation levels among women in the labour market are persistently higher those of men, and that workers do indeed become stuck in bad jobs.
Thus, the paper presents a methodology for measuring chronic deprivation in the labor market, an issue on which neither the literature on job quality nor the literature on poor-quality employment (or bad jobs) has focused. It concludes by discussing the policy implications of this research.
{"title":"Stuck in a bad job? The dynamics of poor-quality employment in Chile, 2004–2019","authors":"Kirsten Sehnbruch , Joaquín Prieto , Diego Vidal","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies whether workers become “stuck” in poor-quality employment, or whether poor-quality employment can serve as a “stepping stone” towards better job opportunities in the Chilean labor market. It does this from a multidimensional and longitudinal perspective, taking into account the intensity of the deprivation that workers face. In particular, it examines how workers move between good and bad jobs, and between these jobs, unemployment and inactivity and also discusses the respective determinants of these changes. The results of this analysis show that the deprivation levels among women in the labour market are persistently higher those of men, and that workers do indeed become stuck in bad jobs.</div><div>Thus, the paper presents a methodology for measuring chronic deprivation in the labor market, an issue on which neither the literature on job quality nor the literature on poor-quality employment (or bad jobs) has focused. It concludes by discussing the policy implications of this research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103206"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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