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Assessing Drivers of Sustained Engagement in Collaborative Governance Arrangements 评估持续参与合作治理安排的驱动因素
IF 4.2 1区 管理学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muae005
Graham Ambrose, Saba Siddiki
The formal engagement of diverse stakeholder groups in policy design and implementation has become a mainstay governance strategy. While much has been learned about collaborative governance arrangements in terms of their structure, processes, and participant dynamics, one particularly salient dynamic has been relatively underexplored: the factors contributing to sustained participation in collaborative venues. Public administration and policy have developed a variety of conceptual theories which draw attention to interpersonal interactions and the ability of stakeholders to garner political wins as important contributing factors to sustained participation. In this paper, we test four theoretically rooted hypotheses to investigate stakeholder attendance in the collaborative governance case of an environmental justice council. We analyze council meeting minute data using computational text analysis tools and a Stochastic Actor-Oriented Model to assess: (i) conflict and concord, measured in terms of repeated (dis)agreement with others; and (ii) interest advancement, or the extent to which a stakeholder makes positive, neutral, and negative comments towards topics which become the council’s annual objectives in relation to an individual’s attendance. Our interpersonal interaction results show increased positive relationships are associated with increased attendance, and increased negative relationships are associated with decreased attendance, but, for both cases, only when interactions are repeated and not one-off. Our interest advancement results show: (1) an increase in supported annual objectives is associated with decreases in attendance for an individual stakeholder, but (2) increased oppositional and neutral annual topics are associated with a greater likelihood of attendance. This paper contributes to existing scholarship on collaborative governance by offering additional insights into individual factors associated with sustained engagement in the collaborative venue. Furthermore, the paper offers a generalizable methodological approach for analyzing these dynamics drawing on computational text analysis of meeting minute data.
不同利益相关群体正式参与政策设计和实施已成为一种主要的治理策略。虽然人们已经从合作治理安排的结构、流程和参与者动态等方面了解了很多,但对其中一个特别突出的动态因素的研究却相对不足,即有助于持续参与合作场所的因素。公共管理和政策已经发展出多种概念性理论,这些理论将人际互动和利益相关者赢得政治胜利的能力作为促进持续参与的重要因素。在本文中,我们检验了四个基于理论的假设,以调查利益相关者在环境正义委员会这一合作治理案例中的出席情况。我们使用计算文本分析工具和随机面向行动者模型对理事会会议记录数据进行分析,以评估:(i) 冲突与和谐,以与他人反复(不)达成一致来衡量;(ii) 利益推进,或利益相关者对成为理事会年度目标的主题发表积极、中立和消极评论的程度,与个人出席情况相关。我们的人际互动结果表明,积极关系的增加与出席率的提高有关,而消极关系的增加与出席率的降低有关,但就这两种情况而言,只有当互动是重复的而不是一次性的时,才会出现这种情况。我们的利益推进结果表明:(1) 支持性年度目标的增加与单个利益相关者出席率的下降有关,但(2) 反对性和中立性年度主题的增加与更大的出席可能性有关。本文对与持续参与合作场所相关的个人因素提出了更多见解,为现有的合作治理学术研究做出了贡献。此外,本文还利用会议记录数据的计算文本分析,为分析这些动态提供了一种可推广的方法论。
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引用次数: 0
Does Administrative Burden Create Racialized Policy Feedback? How Losing Access to Public Benefits Impacts Beliefs about Government 行政负担是否会产生种族化的政策反馈?失去公共福利如何影响对政府的信念
IF 4.2 1区 管理学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muae004
Elizabeth Bell, James E Wright II, Jeongmin Oh
Public trust and civic predisposition are cornerstones of well-functioning democratic societies, and burdensome citizen-state encounters may undermine positive views of government, especially for racially minoritized clientele. Leveraging insights from policy feedback theory, we argue that administrative burden has the potential to undermine trust in government and civic predisposition through two mechanisms: 1) interpretive effects: burdensome experiences that induce negative emotional responses and 2) resource effects: experiences of losing access to public benefits. In our OLS regression analysis of survey data from applicants for a means-tested public benefit program in the U.S. (n=2,250), we find that clients who lost access to benefits were significantly less likely to trust government, and these findings were driven by racially minoritized clients rather than White clients. Our findings demonstrate that experiences of administrative burden that result in the loss of public benefits may result in racialized policy feedback, by disproportionately reducing trust in government and civic predisposition for racially minoritized clientele.
公众信任和公民倾向是民主社会良好运行的基石,而公民与国家之间的繁琐接触可能会破坏人们对政府的积极看法,尤其是对少数种族的客户而言。利用政策反馈理论的洞察力,我们认为行政负担有可能通过两种机制破坏对政府的信任和公民倾向:1)解释效应:引起负面情绪反应的繁琐经历;2)资源效应:失去公共福利的经历。我们对美国一项经济情况调查公共福利项目申请人的调查数据(n=2,250)进行了OLS回归分析,发现失去福利的客户对政府的信任度明显较低,而这些发现是由少数种族客户而非白人客户驱动的。我们的研究结果表明,导致失去公共福利的行政负担经历可能会导致种族化的政策反馈,因为这不成比例地降低了少数种族客户对政府的信任和公民倾向。
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引用次数: 0
Preference for Group-based Social Hierarchy and the Reluctance to Accept Women as Equals in Law Enforcement 对基于群体的社会等级制度的偏好以及不愿接受妇女在执法中享有平等地位
IF 4.2 1区 管理学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muae003
Jill A Davis, Shahidul Hassan
While many public organizations have made notable strides to improve the representation of women at all ranks, women remain severely underrepresented in law enforcement organizations. Research shows that a critical barrier to women’s integration into law enforcement is the common perception among policemen that women are unsuited for police work. This study draws on Social Dominance Theory to provide a better understanding of the values and beliefs underlying policemen’s negative perceptions. Using survey data and Ordinary Least Squares Regression analyses, we examine the association between Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), an individual difference variable that captures preference for group-based social hierarchy, and officers’ assessment of women’s suitability for law enforcement. In line with existing evidence, our analyses show that compared to policewomen, policemen provide a significantly more negative assessment of women’s suitability for law enforcement. We also find that higher SDO officers report more negative assessments of women in law enforcement, and officers’ diversity value partially mediates this relationship. These novel findings suggest that officers who desire to protect existing power dynamics are more likely to resist organizational diversity efforts and have more negative views about women’s suitability for law enforcement.
虽然许多公共组织在提高妇女在所有级别的代表性方面取得了显著进步,但妇女在执法组织中的代表性仍然严重不足。研究表明,女性融入执法部门的一个关键障碍是警察普遍认为女性不适合警察工作。本研究借鉴了社会支配理论(Social Dominance Theory),以更好地理解警察负面看法背后的价值观和信念。利用调查数据和普通最小二乘法回归分析,我们研究了社会支配取向(SDO)(一种个体差异变量,用于捕捉对基于群体的社会等级制度的偏好)与警察对女性是否适合执法的评估之间的关联。与现有证据一致,我们的分析表明,与女警察相比,警察对女性是否适合执法的评价明显更为负面。我们还发现,SDO 较高的警官对女性执法人员的负面评价更高,而警官的多元化价值观在一定程度上调节了这种关系。这些新发现表明,那些希望保护现有权力动态的警官更有可能抵制组织的多元化努力,并对女性是否适合执法持更消极的看法。
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引用次数: 0
Shifts in local governments’ corporatization intensity:Evidence from German cities 地方政府公司化强度的变化:来自德国城市的证据
IF 4.2 1区 管理学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muae001
Maike Rackwitz, Christian Raffer
Why do local governments create and reform public service companies, given their uncertain economic benefits and potential damage to accountability and service transparency? Taking an extended transaction cost perspective, we argue that corporatization—the provision of public services by publicly owned companies—is a function of fiscal hardship, the decision maker’s economic orientation and the level of operator transparency. Using a two-way fixed effects regression, we test this expectation on 680 investment reports of 34 German cities from 1998 to 2017, representing 11,062 year-corporatized entity combinations. We show that the drivers of corporatization are sensitive to the depth of local ownership analyzed. In doing so, we highlight the theoretical need and potential for conceptual differentiation between ownership levels along a corporation’s lineage. Exploiting the data’s panel structure, we also find that the intensity of corporatization has heightened since the late 1990s, largely due to increasingly complex corporate structures of indirect ownership.
既然公共服务公司的经济效益不确定,而且可能损害问责制和服务透明度,那么地方政府为什么还要创建和改革公共服务公司呢?我们从扩展的交易成本角度出发,认为公司化--由公有公司提供公共服务--是财政困难、决策者的经济取向和经营者透明度水平的函数。利用双向固定效应回归,我们对 1998 年至 2017 年期间 34 个德国城市的 680 份投资报告(代表 11062 个年度公司化实体组合)进行了检验。我们表明,公司化的驱动因素对所分析的地方所有权深度很敏感。在此过程中,我们强调了在理论上区分公司沿线所有权水平的必要性和潜力。利用数据的面板结构,我们还发现自 20 世纪 90 年代末以来,公司化的强度有所提高,这主要是由于间接所有权的公司结构日益复杂。
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引用次数: 0
Critical Mass Condition of Majority Bureaucratic Behavioral Change in Representative Bureaucracy: A Theoretical Clarification and A Nonparametric Exploration 代议制官僚机构中多数官僚行为变化的临界质量条件:理论澄清与非参数探索
IF 4.2 1区 管理学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muae002
Danyao Li
Representative bureaucracy theory examines how bureaucrats’ demographics impact outcomes for clients with shared identities, with “critical mass” posited as an enabling condition. Yet empirical evidence is mixed regarding where this threshold stands. To reconcile these inconsistencies, this study emphasizes the need to first clarify the mechanisms that underpin critical mass requirements. Specifically, I attend to how majority behavior changes due to enhanced representation and evaluate corresponding critical mass condition. Nonparametric analyses of traffic stop data in two states find that, in Washington, the critical mass where White officers show reduced bias towards Black drivers occurs when Black officers constitute 6-9 percent of the force. In South Carolina, similar shifts occur at 9-11 and 19-23 percent Black representation. While findings indicate improved policing towards Black drivers, increased representation still falls short of achieving full parity between Black and White drivers. No significant critical mass is observed for Hispanic representation in either state.
代议制理论研究了官僚的人口统计如何影响具有共同身份的客户的结果,并将 "临界质量 "假定为一个有利条件。然而,关于这个临界点的位置,经验证据却不尽相同。为了调和这些不一致,本研究强调有必要首先澄清支持临界质量要求的机制。具体来说,我关注多数人的行为如何因代表性增强而发生变化,并评估相应的临界质量条件。对两个州的交通拦截数据进行非参数分析后发现,在华盛顿州,当黑人警官占警官总数的 6-9% 时,白人警官对黑人司机的偏见就会减少。在南卡罗莱纳州,当黑人比例达到 9%-11%和 19%-23%时,也会发生类似的转变。虽然调查结果表明,对黑人司机的警务工作有所改善,但黑人和白人司机比例的增加仍不足以实现完全平等。在这两个州,拉美裔的代表比例都没有出现明显的临界值。
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引用次数: 0
Role distance. An ethnographic study on how street-level managers cope 角色距离。关于街道管理人员如何应对的人种学研究
IF 4.2 1区 管理学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-12-24 DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muad027
Jade Wong
Policy is not only made by street-level bureaucrats at the frontlines. It is also made by their superiors—street-level managers—who set the organizational conditions through which street-level bureaucrats act. Although scholars have documented how street-level bureaucrats cope with the pressures of their work by, for instance, breaking or bending rules, the question of how street-level managers cope with the pressures of their own work has received less attention. Drawing from ethnographic data of a network of publicly-funded health centers in the Midwestern United States, I show how street-level managers use an interaction ritual with role distance to cope. Role distance is mobilized when the person uses communicative expressions such as laughter or cries of frustration to convey a critical distance from what her organizational role prescribes. Based on classic sociological insights, I posit that role distance can function as follows. It can help managers preserve self by allowing them to define their putatively “more-human self” from their work, create a feeling of collectiveness as they orient themselves to the shared frustrations yet obligations that their role engenders, which enables them to coordinate on carrying out tasks, even those that rub against their preferences and well-intentions. Taken together, I suggest that role distance can offer a coping function, which enables them to hold in abeyance individual and collective responsibility for the decisions they make. I then highlight the benefits and unintended consequences of role distance and posit what academics and practitioners can do to ensure that street-level managers use role distance towards more productive ends.
政策不仅由前线的基层官僚制定。政策也是由他们的上级--街道一级的管理者--制定的,他们为街道一级的官僚采取行动创造了组织条件。尽管学者们已经记录了街头官僚如何通过违反或曲解规则等方式来应对工作压力,但街头管理者如何应对自身工作压力的问题却较少受到关注。我从美国中西部一个由政府资助的医疗中心网络的人种学数据中,展示了基层管理者如何利用角色距离的互动仪式来应对压力。当一个人使用笑声或沮丧的哭声等交流表达方式来表达与其组织角色规定的临界距离时,角色距离就被调动起来了。根据经典的社会学观点,我认为角色距离可以发挥以下作用。它可以帮助管理者保持自我,使他们能够从工作中定义自己所谓的 "更人性化的自我",在他们面对角色所带来的共同挫折和义务时产生一种集体感,这使他们能够协调执行任务,即使是那些违背他们的喜好和良好意愿的任务。综上所述,我认为角色距离可以提供一种应对功能,使他们能够暂时搁置对所做决定的个人和集体责任。然后,我强调了角色距离的益处和意外后果,并提出了学术界和从业人员可以做些什么来确保街道管理人员利用角色距离达到更有成效的目的。
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引用次数: 0
Types of Administrative Burden Reduction Strategies: Who, What and How 减轻行政负担战略的类型:谁、做什么、怎么做
IF 4.2 1区 管理学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muad028
Avishai Benish, Noam Tarshish, Roni Holler, John Gal
This article contributes to the growing body of research on administrative burdens by providing a theoretically- and empirically-driven typology of governments’ burden reduction strategies. Despite the mounting interest in burden reduction, the literature still lacks a typology for systematically identifying and classifying such strategies. The article identifies three analytical dimensions of burden reduction: distributive (who bears the burden), intensiveness (what the level of burden is), and relational (how burden is experienced in bureaucratic encounters). Based on these dimensions, and drawing on a systematic analysis of the case of social security in Israel, we identify, define and characterize seven distinct strategies of burden reduction: shifting, sharing, discarding, simplifying, expediting, communicating, and respecting. The article concludes with a discussion of these strategies, their applicability, practical implications, and directions for the research agenda on burden reduction.
本文从理论和实证角度对政府的减负策略进行了分类,为日益增多的行政负担研究做出了贡献。尽管人们对减负的兴趣与日俱增,但文献中仍然缺乏对此类战略进行系统识别和分类的类型学。本文从三个方面分析了减负:分配(谁承担负担)、强度(负担的程度)和关系(在官僚交往中如何体验负担)。基于这些维度,并借鉴对以色列社会保障案例的系统分析,我们识别、定义并描述了七种不同的减负策略:转移、分担、抛弃、简化、加速、沟通和尊重。文章最后讨论了这些策略、其适用性、实际意义以及减负研究议程的方向。
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引用次数: 0
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Public Administration Research, Vol. 12, No. 2 《公共管理研究》第12卷第2期审稿人致谢
1区 管理学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI: 10.5539/par.v12n2p69
Gabriel Tai
Reviewer acknowledgements for Public Administration Research, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2023.
《公共管理研究》第12卷第2期,2023年。
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引用次数: 0
An analysis of micro-scale conflict in collaborative governance 协同治理中的微观冲突分析
IF 4.2 1区 管理学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muad025
Nicola Ulibarri
Conflict is the forgotten sibling of collaborative governance. Variably framed as an alternative to collaboration, a contextual feature shaping interpersonal interactions, or an obstacle to be overcome via deliberation, conflict lurks in the background of discourse about collaboration. However, few theories of collaboration directly address the role of conflict, and those that do focus on conflict as a macro-scale phenomenon, characteristic of a governance forum or participating organizations. Given the importance of short term, person-to-person interactions in shaping the overall trajectory of collaborative dynamics and outcomes, a micro-scale analysis of collaborative conflict is warranted. This paper develops a framework for evaluating the role of micro-scale conflict in collaborative governance, drawing on the case of negotiations to relicense hydropower dams in the Central Valley of California, USA. Data sources include four years of meeting observations, interviews with participating stakeholders, and written comments submitted during the process. The work first classifies all instances of disagreement observed during the negotiations to develop a typology of micro-scale conflict. It then compares differences in the frequency, type, and management of disagreements in high and low collaboration relicensings to explore the interaction between conflict dynamics and overall collaborative approach. In the high collaboration case, interpersonal disagreements occurred frequently, were more dynamic and mutable over time, and served to elaborate and refine management approaches. By evaluating conflict dynamics that occur at the scale of an individual interaction and the positive and negative roles they play in shaping collaborative outcomes, this research moves conflict from being a static barrier or contextual factor to a dynamic ingredient that can be managed to shape policy outcomes.
冲突是协作治理中被遗忘的兄弟。冲突作为协作的一种替代方案,一种塑造人际互动的语境特征,或一种需要通过深思熟虑来克服的障碍,潜伏在关于协作的话语背景中。然而,很少有协作理论直接处理冲突的角色,而那些将冲突作为宏观现象、治理论坛或参与组织的特征来关注。鉴于短期的、人与人之间的互动在塑造协作动态和结果的整体轨迹中的重要性,协作冲突的微观分析是有必要的。本文以美国加州中央谷地水电站大坝再许可谈判为例,开发了一个评估微观冲突在协同治理中的作用的框架。数据来源包括四年的会议观察、对参与的利益相关者的访谈以及在此过程中提交的书面意见。这项工作首先对谈判期间观察到的所有分歧进行分类,以发展微观尺度冲突的类型学。然后比较高、低协作再许可中分歧的频率、类型和管理的差异,以探索冲突动态和整体协作方法之间的相互作用。在高度协作的情况下,人与人之间的分歧经常发生,随着时间的推移更加动态和可变,并有助于详细和完善管理方法。通过评估发生在个体互动规模上的冲突动态,以及它们在形成合作结果中发挥的积极和消极作用,本研究将冲突从静态障碍或背景因素转变为可以管理的动态因素,以形成政策结果。
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引用次数: 0
Trickle-Down Burdens: The Effect of Provider Burdens on Clients’ Experience 涓滴负担:提供者负担对客户体验的影响
IF 4.2 1区 管理学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1093/jopart/muad024
Katie Zuber, Patricia Strach, Elizabeth Pérez-Chiqués
Administrative burden research disproportionately examines micro-level burdens on clients claiming benefits from public agencies. Yet we know little about meso-level burdens on third-party providers making up the submerged state—private actors working on behalf of a public purpose—and what effect these burdens have on services. We draw on interviews, participant observation, and focus groups with substance-use disorder (SUD) service providers to map provider burdens and how they affect services that third parties offer. We supplement the provider perspective with data from clients and their families about their experience with services. We find that providers face significant administrative burdens resulting from federal and state policy; that these burdens affect the quality of the services they are able to offer; and, ultimately, that burdens on providers can trickle down to become burdens on clients. Our research has implications for how we understand administrative burdens, the solutions best suited to reducing them, and the role of burdens as a form of hidden politics in the submerged state.
行政负担研究不成比例地考察了从公共机构申请福利的客户的微观负担。然而,我们对第三方提供商的中间负担知之甚少,这些第三方提供商构成了为公共目的而工作的被淹没的国家-私人行为体,以及这些负担对服务的影响。我们利用访谈、参与者观察和与物质使用障碍(SUD)服务提供者的焦点小组来绘制提供者负担及其如何影响第三方提供的服务。我们用来自客户及其家庭的关于服务体验的数据来补充提供者的观点。我们发现,供应商面临着由联邦和州政策造成的重大行政负担;这些负担影响了他们能够提供的服务质量;最终,供应商的负担会逐渐变成客户的负担。我们的研究对我们如何理解行政负担、最适合减少行政负担的解决方案,以及行政负担在潜国中作为一种隐性政治形式的作用具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory
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