Stakeholder theory has been advocating the inclusion of affected parties in organizational processes to increase the legitimacy and effectiveness of organizational governance. However, organizations can fail to achieve these objectives if there is no systematic link between stakeholders and their constituency. Based on democratic notions of representation, we argue that democratic stakeholder representativeness is an essential virtue of stakeholder governance processes. We conceptually derive authorization and accountability as normative elements of stakeholder representativeness and operationalize the construct by proposing empirical indicators of stakeholder representativeness as well as procedural guidance on their adoption in a practical governance context. By doing so, we contribute to the advancement of practical stakeholder governance as well as to the public management and organizational theory literature by specifying and operationalizing a construct that had previously been only vaguely defined.
{"title":"Democratic Stakeholder Representativeness","authors":"Sarah Margaretha Jastram, Zara Berberyan","doi":"10.1093/jopart/muad005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muad005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Stakeholder theory has been advocating the inclusion of affected parties in organizational processes to increase the legitimacy and effectiveness of organizational governance. However, organizations can fail to achieve these objectives if there is no systematic link between stakeholders and their constituency. Based on democratic notions of representation, we argue that democratic stakeholder representativeness is an essential virtue of stakeholder governance processes. We conceptually derive authorization and accountability as normative elements of stakeholder representativeness and operationalize the construct by proposing empirical indicators of stakeholder representativeness as well as procedural guidance on their adoption in a practical governance context. By doing so, we contribute to the advancement of practical stakeholder governance as well as to the public management and organizational theory literature by specifying and operationalizing a construct that had previously been only vaguely defined.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46706404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes and different non-communicable diseases, including cancer, respiratory and cardiovascular ailment, are the fundamental causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetes affects persons, relatives, groups in health care, and the authorities’ agencies that provide care, and those consequences possibly disable groups and retard countrywide monetary increase. The extra cost in diabetes management is associated with a higher cost of treating past due diabetic complications, which lead to monetary loss due to lost person-days or misplaced financial possibility. The overall objective of this study was to determine the effects of diabetes management on the patients' incomes and their families seeking care at St. Mary’s Mission Hospital, Nairobi. This study drew on descriptive study design, involving quantitative and qualitative methods, particularly closed and open questions. The sample size was 269 respondents included in the study through purposive and convenient sampling. These sampling techniques were preferred in this research since data was gathered from the respondents during their visit to the hospital. The researcher collected data through interviewer-administered questionnaires containing both open and closed questions. Qualitative data was grouped, coded, and categorized, picking on cross-cutting issues, then compiled, analyzed, and interpreted data. Quantitative data was coded then entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 for windows. SPSS was used to run frequency distributions and cross-tabulations for analysis and interpretation, and Microsoft Excel was used for graphical presentation. The study established that diabetes management is costly and not affordable to many patients. Hence, it affects the social well-being of the patients and their families. The study recommends free or affordable and available medication for diabetes patients, and continuous awareness programs for patients, family members and the community across all Counties to address the influence of diabetes management on the patients, families, and the Nation. This would contribute to the social well-being of the patients and their families and the Nation's economic development.
{"title":"Effects of Diabetes Management on the Patients' Income and Their Families Seeking Care","authors":"Njeri. S. Ngacha, J. McDonald","doi":"10.5539/par.v12n1p38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/par.v12n1p38","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes and different non-communicable diseases, including cancer, respiratory and cardiovascular ailment, are the fundamental causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetes affects persons, relatives, groups in health care, and the authorities’ agencies that provide care, and those consequences possibly disable groups and retard countrywide monetary increase. The extra cost in diabetes management is associated with a higher cost of treating past due diabetic complications, which lead to monetary loss due to lost person-days or misplaced financial possibility. The overall objective of this study was to determine the effects of diabetes management on the patients' incomes and their families seeking care at St. Mary’s Mission Hospital, Nairobi. This study drew on descriptive study design, involving quantitative and qualitative methods, particularly closed and open questions. The sample size was 269 respondents included in the study through purposive and convenient sampling. These sampling techniques were preferred in this research since data was gathered from the respondents during their visit to the hospital. The researcher collected data through interviewer-administered questionnaires containing both open and closed questions. Qualitative data was grouped, coded, and categorized, picking on cross-cutting issues, then compiled, analyzed, and interpreted data. Quantitative data was coded then entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 for windows. SPSS was used to run frequency distributions and cross-tabulations for analysis and interpretation, and Microsoft Excel was used for graphical presentation. The study established that diabetes management is costly and not affordable to many patients. Hence, it affects the social well-being of the patients and their families. The study recommends free or affordable and available medication for diabetes patients, and continuous awareness programs for patients, family members and the community across all Counties to address the influence of diabetes management on the patients, families, and the Nation. This would contribute to the social well-being of the patients and their families and the Nation's economic development.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80679097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Employing loyal external appointees has been identified as a key strategy used by incumbents to gain control over the state bureaucracy. This phenomenon is known as politicization and has been associated with democratic backsliding. Frequently, career civil servants perceive these appointees as illegitimate outsiders, leaders whose main objective is to ensure political compliance rather than advance the organization’s mission. In this study, we explore how civil servants interpret the presence of outside leaders in their organizations in the context of politicization and how this influences their job attitudes and behaviors. We use a mixed methods exploratory sequential design to examine a recent case of politicization in environmental agencies in Brazil. First, we interviewed 25 civil servants who reported an environment of abuse, fear, disengagement, and alienation due to the actions of outside leaders. We identified silence (both defensive and acquiescent) as a key outcome of this process. We extended and confirmed these findings with a quantitative study using a new sample of 255 civil servants. This second study allowed us to test the relationship between the variables identified in the qualitative analysis. Our combined findings indicate that politicization may reduce the effectiveness and capability of public agencies not only because some external appointees lack competence or a commitment the organization’s mission (as suggested by previous studies), but also because their behaviors and decisions can have a significant negative impact on civil servants’ job attitudes and behaviors.
{"title":"(Mis)Led by an Outsider: Abusive Supervision, Disengagement, and Silence in Politicized Bureaucracies","authors":"Joana Story, Gabriela Lotta, Gustavo M Tavares","doi":"10.1093/jopart/muad004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muad004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Employing loyal external appointees has been identified as a key strategy used by incumbents to gain control over the state bureaucracy. This phenomenon is known as politicization and has been associated with democratic backsliding. Frequently, career civil servants perceive these appointees as illegitimate outsiders, leaders whose main objective is to ensure political compliance rather than advance the organization’s mission. In this study, we explore how civil servants interpret the presence of outside leaders in their organizations in the context of politicization and how this influences their job attitudes and behaviors. We use a mixed methods exploratory sequential design to examine a recent case of politicization in environmental agencies in Brazil. First, we interviewed 25 civil servants who reported an environment of abuse, fear, disengagement, and alienation due to the actions of outside leaders. We identified silence (both defensive and acquiescent) as a key outcome of this process. We extended and confirmed these findings with a quantitative study using a new sample of 255 civil servants. This second study allowed us to test the relationship between the variables identified in the qualitative analysis. Our combined findings indicate that politicization may reduce the effectiveness and capability of public agencies not only because some external appointees lack competence or a commitment the organization’s mission (as suggested by previous studies), but also because their behaviors and decisions can have a significant negative impact on civil servants’ job attitudes and behaviors.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135468877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigates how integrating technology into the healthcare Supply Chain affects operational performance. Using a sample of 212 healthcare facilities in the Accra Metropolitan Area, the study observed that user perceived usefulness and ease-of-use of healthcare supply chain management systems have positive impact on performance. It was also noticed that attitudes of the users of the healthcare supply chain management system do not mediate the linkage between perceived usefulness and healthcare supply chain performance but rather mediate the relationship between perceived ease-of-use and healthcare supply chain performance. As indicated in the United Nations Development Goals 3, the study recommends that structures should be put in place to ensure the use of technology and other related infrastructures, and commitment from both the public and private sectors to ensure the attainment of health and wellbeing for all Ghanaians by the year 2030.
{"title":"Technology Adoption and Healthcare Supply Chain Performance in Ghana: The Role of User Attitude","authors":"Mawuko Dza, Richard Oduro, Hafiz Yunusah","doi":"10.5539/par.v12n1p25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/par.v12n1p25","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigates how integrating technology into the healthcare Supply Chain affects operational performance. Using a sample of 212 healthcare facilities in the Accra Metropolitan Area, the study observed that user perceived usefulness and ease-of-use of healthcare supply chain management systems have positive impact on performance. It was also noticed that attitudes of the users of the healthcare supply chain management system do not mediate the linkage between perceived usefulness and healthcare supply chain performance but rather mediate the relationship between perceived ease-of-use and healthcare supply chain performance. As indicated in the United Nations Development Goals 3, the study recommends that structures should be put in place to ensure the use of technology and other related infrastructures, and commitment from both the public and private sectors to ensure the attainment of health and wellbeing for all Ghanaians by the year 2030.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86039352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research studies were carried out in two merging Public Administration institutions, one with a public labor regime and the other a private one, which aimed to analyze culture and intermediary leadership. Study conducted based on the action-research methodology, with (i) quantitative approach to analyze the organizational climate and motivation with 79 leaders of institutions A and B using SPSS Statistic software, (ii) content analysis of 62 interviews with leaders from different hierarchical levels about the merger process and the perception of middle managers, and (iii) narrative analysis of the main aspects of the merger process. In the first, quantitative study, the organizational climate is analyzed, highlighting the role of middle management as facilitators of change. The second, qualitative section interprets the results obtained in the interviews with the leaders, showing that the process, from the start, did not have any convinced objectors, and that if there were any divisions, it would be due to the conduct of the process and not to an option at the start. The third chapter recounts the most significant episodes of the merger and reveals that the project gradually lost its meaning and became a mere change by decree. A descriptive analysis is made of the diagnosis presented by a consulting company, whose results seem to point to the "groupthink" phenomenon, reinforcing the Administration's expectations.
{"title":"The Central Role of Middle Leaders in Public Administration Facing Organizational Merger Policies","authors":"Damasceno Dias, I. Marques, Fernanda Nogueira","doi":"10.5539/par.v12n1p9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/par.v12n1p9","url":null,"abstract":"In this research studies were carried out in two merging Public Administration institutions, one with a public labor regime and the other a private one, which aimed to analyze culture and intermediary leadership. Study conducted based on the action-research methodology, with (i) quantitative approach to analyze the organizational climate and motivation with 79 leaders of institutions A and B using SPSS Statistic software, (ii) content analysis of 62 interviews with leaders from different hierarchical levels about the merger process and the perception of middle managers, and (iii) narrative analysis of the main aspects of the merger process. In the first, quantitative study, the organizational climate is analyzed, highlighting the role of middle management as facilitators of change. The second, qualitative section interprets the results obtained in the interviews with the leaders, showing that the process, from the start, did not have any convinced objectors, and that if there were any divisions, it would be due to the conduct of the process and not to an option at the start. The third chapter recounts the most significant episodes of the merger and reveals that the project gradually lost its meaning and became a mere change by decree. A descriptive analysis is made of the diagnosis presented by a consulting company, whose results seem to point to the \"groupthink\" phenomenon, reinforcing the Administration's expectations.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80349990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Shumate, Shaun Dougherty, Joshua-Paul Miles, Anne-Marie Boyer, Rong Wang, Zachary Gibson, Katherine R. Cooper
Increasingly, scholars and practitioners are interested in evaluating the effectiveness of interorganizational networks. We use a configuration approach to study network effectiveness. This research is a mixed-method study of 26 education networks in the United States. We measure network effectiveness by comparing 4th-grade literacy, 8th-grade literacy, and high-school graduation rates. We compare these scores with all school districts in the state using interrupted time series or parametric difference-in-differences approaches. Then, drawing from qualitative data from interviews and archives, we investigate the network governance, environmental characteristics, and theories of change associated with greater student achievement. We find three configurations associated with network effectiveness using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. One configuration combines decentralized governance with a project theory of change in the context of resource munificence. A second configuration associated with network effectiveness is to combine learning and systems alignment theories of change with smaller network size and resource munificence. The final configuration combines decentralized governance, a learning theory of change, less resource munificence, and larger network size and does not use a systems alignment theory of change. The results support the configurational approach, which suggests multiple configurations of factors in combination may result in network effectiveness.
{"title":"Network Effectiveness in Context","authors":"M. Shumate, Shaun Dougherty, Joshua-Paul Miles, Anne-Marie Boyer, Rong Wang, Zachary Gibson, Katherine R. Cooper","doi":"10.1093/jopart/muad003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muad003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Increasingly, scholars and practitioners are interested in evaluating the effectiveness of interorganizational networks. We use a configuration approach to study network effectiveness. This research is a mixed-method study of 26 education networks in the United States. We measure network effectiveness by comparing 4th-grade literacy, 8th-grade literacy, and high-school graduation rates. We compare these scores with all school districts in the state using interrupted time series or parametric difference-in-differences approaches. Then, drawing from qualitative data from interviews and archives, we investigate the network governance, environmental characteristics, and theories of change associated with greater student achievement. We find three configurations associated with network effectiveness using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. One configuration combines decentralized governance with a project theory of change in the context of resource munificence. A second configuration associated with network effectiveness is to combine learning and systems alignment theories of change with smaller network size and resource munificence. The final configuration combines decentralized governance, a learning theory of change, less resource munificence, and larger network size and does not use a systems alignment theory of change. The results support the configurational approach, which suggests multiple configurations of factors in combination may result in network effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45801773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The provision of public services by for-profit and non-profit organizations is widespread in OECD countries, but the jury is still out on whether outsourcing has improved service quality. This article seeks to nuance existing debate by bringing to the fore variation in service quality between different types of non-public providers. Building on theories of dimensional publicness and incomplete contracts, we argue that different forms of non-public ownership are associated with varying intensity of incentives for profit maximization, ultimately affecting service quality. Using residential elder care homes in Sweden as our universe of cases, we leverage novel panel data for 2,639 facilities from 2012 to 2019, capturing ownership type of the care home operators, against a set of indicators pertaining to inputs, processes and outcomes. The results suggest that non-public providers with high-powered incentives to make profit, such as those owned by private equity firms and publicly traded companies, perform worse on most of the selected indicators compared to private limited liability companies and nonprofits. Our findings that the intensity of quality-shading incentives is not the same for all non-public providers, have important implications for government contracting and contract management.
{"title":"Provider Ownership and Indicators of Service Quality: Evidence from Swedish Residential Care Homes","authors":"R. Broms, Carl Dahlström, Marina Nistotskaya","doi":"10.1093/jopart/muad002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muad002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The provision of public services by for-profit and non-profit organizations is widespread in OECD countries, but the jury is still out on whether outsourcing has improved service quality. This article seeks to nuance existing debate by bringing to the fore variation in service quality between different types of non-public providers. Building on theories of dimensional publicness and incomplete contracts, we argue that different forms of non-public ownership are associated with varying intensity of incentives for profit maximization, ultimately affecting service quality. Using residential elder care homes in Sweden as our universe of cases, we leverage novel panel data for 2,639 facilities from 2012 to 2019, capturing ownership type of the care home operators, against a set of indicators pertaining to inputs, processes and outcomes. The results suggest that non-public providers with high-powered incentives to make profit, such as those owned by private equity firms and publicly traded companies, perform worse on most of the selected indicators compared to private limited liability companies and nonprofits. Our findings that the intensity of quality-shading incentives is not the same for all non-public providers, have important implications for government contracting and contract management.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42207392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given the frequent occurrence of public crisis events in China in the new media era, with the frame theory as the theoretical basis and the TikTok Account of the “Communist Youth League Central Committee” as the research object, this paper uses the literature analysis to systematically analyze the public crisis management reports involved in governmental short videos. On the whole, this paper aims to observe and grasp the current situation of the government’s public crisis management under the new media environment through the analysis of various aspects, encompassing video themes, related words in the video introduction, manifestations, release time, video duration, audience’s feedback data, user comments, etc. This research indicates that the TikTok account of “Communist Youth League Central Committee” will highlight the theme of public crisis and promote publicity around public management, adheres to the guidance of public opinion and has a good guidance strategy, and grasps the limit of entertainment, the form of communication is diversified. But the two-way interaction of its communication topics is relatively low, and it does not pay enough attention to the details of video production or effectively communicate with other levels of government affairs accounts. So the account operators should timely respond to the questions raised by users in the comment section, optimize the details of video production and interconnect with other types and levels of short video accounts of government affairs.
{"title":"Research on the Government’s Public Crisis Management under the New Media Environment: A Case Study of TikTok Account of “Communist Youth League Central Committee”","authors":"Shiqi Li","doi":"10.5539/par.v12n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/par.v12n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"Given the frequent occurrence of public crisis events in China in the new media era, with the frame theory as the theoretical basis and the TikTok Account of the “Communist Youth League Central Committee” as the research object, this paper uses the literature analysis to systematically analyze the public crisis management reports involved in governmental short videos. On the whole, this paper aims to observe and grasp the current situation of the government’s public crisis management under the new media environment through the analysis of various aspects, encompassing video themes, related words in the video introduction, manifestations, release time, video duration, audience’s feedback data, user comments, etc. This research indicates that the TikTok account of “Communist Youth League Central Committee” will highlight the theme of public crisis and promote publicity around public management, adheres to the guidance of public opinion and has a good guidance strategy, and grasps the limit of entertainment, the form of communication is diversified. But the two-way interaction of its communication topics is relatively low, and it does not pay enough attention to the details of video production or effectively communicate with other levels of government affairs accounts. So the account operators should timely respond to the questions raised by users in the comment section, optimize the details of video production and interconnect with other types and levels of short video accounts of government affairs.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84221536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert A Greer, Tima T Moldogaziev, Ryan P Scott, Tyler A Scott
Abstract Local governments consider a wide range of policies to increase resilience in the face of myriad risks and employ a variety of tactics to communicate about these policies to external actors. An important platform to signal resilience as a policy priority is through the budget process wherein local communities decide “who gets what, when, and how.” Using computational text mining techniques, we assess how county governments in California signal efforts toward resilience in their budgets during the 2012–2017 fiscal years, as well as whether and how those signals are received by the capital market. Comparable budget documents are available for 38 counties across the state for a total of 161 county-year observations. To test the relationship between local government resilience signals and capital market outcomes, we focus on county underlying credit ratings issued by counties. Empirical results show that county underlying credit ratings are insensitive to resilience signals in local government budgets. By examining the efficacy of resilience signals and their effects on the capital market, we offer evidence on the link between policy signaling and financial outcomes at the local government level.
{"title":"Signaling Resilience: A Computational Assessment of Narratives in Local Government Budgets","authors":"Robert A Greer, Tima T Moldogaziev, Ryan P Scott, Tyler A Scott","doi":"10.1093/jopart/muad001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muad001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Local governments consider a wide range of policies to increase resilience in the face of myriad risks and employ a variety of tactics to communicate about these policies to external actors. An important platform to signal resilience as a policy priority is through the budget process wherein local communities decide “who gets what, when, and how.” Using computational text mining techniques, we assess how county governments in California signal efforts toward resilience in their budgets during the 2012–2017 fiscal years, as well as whether and how those signals are received by the capital market. Comparable budget documents are available for 38 counties across the state for a total of 161 county-year observations. To test the relationship between local government resilience signals and capital market outcomes, we focus on county underlying credit ratings issued by counties. Empirical results show that county underlying credit ratings are insensitive to resilience signals in local government budgets. By examining the efficacy of resilience signals and their effects on the capital market, we offer evidence on the link between policy signaling and financial outcomes at the local government level.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article uses survey experiments to assess whether administrative procedures fix cognitive bias. We focus on two procedural requirements: qualitative reason-giving and quantitative cost-benefit analysis (“CBA”). Both requirements are now firmly entrenched in U.S. federal regulation-making. Multilateral organizations such as the World Bank, OECD, and EU have encouraged their broad diffusion across many national contexts. Yet CBA, in particular, remains controversial. Supporters of CBA claim it leads to more rational regulation, with Sunstein (2000) explicitly proposing that CBA can reduce cognitive biases. By contrast, we argue that procedures should be conceptualized as imperfect substitutes subject to diminishing marginal benefits. To test and illustrate this argument, we examine how each procedure individually and cumulatively modulates the effects of gain-loss framing, partisan motivated reasoning, and scope insensitivity in a nationally representative sample. We find that one or both procedures decrease each cognitive bias. CBA is most helpful against partisan reasoning, where reason-giving does little. Both procedures are comparably effective for combatting the other biases, although in each case only one procedure produces cognitive benefits distinguishable from zero. We only find substantial synergies between the two procedures with respect to gain-loss framing. Layering on the less-useful procedure does not significantly reduce the other two cognitive biases. We hypothesize that procedures will only fix cognitive biases if they disrupt bias-inducing mental processes, and we reconcile this proposition with our findings. We conclude by relating this work to debates about the design of administrative procedures and describe a research agenda based upon rationality-improving procedures.
{"title":"Do Administrative Procedures Fix Cognitive Biases?","authors":"Brian Libgober, B. Chen","doi":"10.1093/jopart/muac054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muac054","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article uses survey experiments to assess whether administrative procedures fix cognitive bias. We focus on two procedural requirements: qualitative reason-giving and quantitative cost-benefit analysis (“CBA”). Both requirements are now firmly entrenched in U.S. federal regulation-making. Multilateral organizations such as the World Bank, OECD, and EU have encouraged their broad diffusion across many national contexts. Yet CBA, in particular, remains controversial. Supporters of CBA claim it leads to more rational regulation, with Sunstein (2000) explicitly proposing that CBA can reduce cognitive biases. By contrast, we argue that procedures should be conceptualized as imperfect substitutes subject to diminishing marginal benefits. To test and illustrate this argument, we examine how each procedure individually and cumulatively modulates the effects of gain-loss framing, partisan motivated reasoning, and scope insensitivity in a nationally representative sample. We find that one or both procedures decrease each cognitive bias. CBA is most helpful against partisan reasoning, where reason-giving does little. Both procedures are comparably effective for combatting the other biases, although in each case only one procedure produces cognitive benefits distinguishable from zero. We only find substantial synergies between the two procedures with respect to gain-loss framing. Layering on the less-useful procedure does not significantly reduce the other two cognitive biases. We hypothesize that procedures will only fix cognitive biases if they disrupt bias-inducing mental processes, and we reconcile this proposition with our findings. We conclude by relating this work to debates about the design of administrative procedures and describe a research agenda based upon rationality-improving procedures.","PeriodicalId":48366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43805800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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