Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105205
Claudia Foroni , Francesco Furlanetto
Despite its stability over time, as for any statistical relationship, Okun’s law is subject to deviations that can be large at times. In this paper, we provide a mapping between residuals in Okun’s regressions and structural shocks identified using a SVAR model by inspecting how unemployment responds to the state of the economy. We show that deviations from Okun’s law are a natural and expected outcome once one takes a multi-shock perspective, as long as shocks to labour-saving technology, labour supply and structural factors in the labour market are taken into account. Our simple recipe for policy makers is that, if a positive deviation from Okun’s law arises, it is likely to be generated by either positive labour supply or labour-saving technology shocks or by negative structural factors shocks.
{"title":"Explaining deviations from Okun’s law","authors":"Claudia Foroni , Francesco Furlanetto","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite its stability over time, as for any statistical relationship, Okun’s law is subject to deviations that can be large at times. In this paper, we provide a mapping between residuals in Okun’s regressions and structural shocks identified using a SVAR model by inspecting how unemployment responds to the state of the economy. We show that deviations from Okun’s law are a natural and expected outcome once one takes a multi-shock perspective, as long as shocks to labour-saving technology, labour supply and structural factors in the labour market are taken into account. Our simple recipe for policy makers is that, if a positive deviation from Okun’s law arises, it is likely to be generated by either positive labour supply or labour-saving technology shocks or by negative structural factors shocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 105205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145580316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105195
Wenli Li , Yichen Su
This paper studies the significance of migration in evaluating the welfare impacts of remote work. By analyzing individual location history data, we first document an increase in net migration toward suburbs and smaller cities in the US since 2020. We demonstrate that the migration wave has been disproportionately fueled by high-income individuals, who were more likely to move due to remote work. Consequently, regions with substantial in-migration observed the greatest rise in housing expenses. This also led to changes in local demand for services and associated employment. Employing a stylized welfare accounting framework, we show that migration mitigated the increase in housing cost burdens for both high- and low-income groups, with the advantages being greater for low-income individuals. Conversely, dispersed job growth, as a result of migration away from major urban centers, curtailed the increase in job accessibility, especially for high-income groups. Factoring in the spatial impacts of migration on housing costs and job accessibility, the welfare inequality surge related to remote work is considerably tempered.
{"title":"The great reshuffle: Remote work and residential sorting","authors":"Wenli Li , Yichen Su","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the significance of migration in evaluating the welfare impacts of remote work. By analyzing individual location history data, we first document an increase in net migration toward suburbs and smaller cities in the US since 2020. We demonstrate that the migration wave has been disproportionately fueled by high-income individuals, who were more likely to move due to remote work. Consequently, regions with substantial in-migration observed the greatest rise in housing expenses. This also led to changes in local demand for services and associated employment. Employing a stylized welfare accounting framework, we show that migration mitigated the increase in housing cost burdens for both high- and low-income groups, with the advantages being greater for low-income individuals. Conversely, dispersed job growth, as a result of migration away from major urban centers, curtailed the increase in job accessibility, especially for high-income groups. Factoring in the spatial impacts of migration on housing costs and job accessibility, the welfare inequality surge related to remote work is considerably tempered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 105195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145499851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We conducted an incentivized experiment to evaluate the impact of anonymity (witness and aggressor) and institution type (whether or not it has legal enforcement) on witness propensity to report Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). We used a hypothetical vignette that placed subjects in the role of witnesses to a case of IPV, who must decide whether or not to report IPV in four different treatments involving variations in anonymity conditions and type of institution. We find that preserving aggressor anonymity and being able to report to a legal enforcement institution (police as opposed to social services) promote witness reporting. Additionally, we examined the underlying assumption that fear drives these outcomes by designing a laboratory experiment in which fear is elicited by exposing subjects to a horror short. The results show that fear reduces reporting, and aggressor anonymity offsets the effect of fear.
{"title":"Understanding witness reporting of intimate partner violence","authors":"Rebeca Echavarri , Ariadna García-Prado , Fernanda Gutierrez-Navratil , Sara Martinez-de-Morentin","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We conducted an incentivized experiment to evaluate the impact of anonymity (witness and aggressor) and institution type (whether or not it has legal enforcement) on witness propensity to report Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). We used a hypothetical vignette that placed subjects in the role of witnesses to a case of IPV, who must decide whether or not to report IPV in four different treatments involving variations in anonymity conditions and type of institution. We find that preserving aggressor anonymity and being able to report to a legal enforcement institution (police as opposed to social services) promote witness reporting. Additionally, we examined the underlying assumption that fear drives these outcomes by designing a laboratory experiment in which fear is elicited by exposing subjects to a horror short. The results show that fear reduces reporting, and aggressor anonymity offsets the effect of fear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 105208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145529359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105182
Simona E. Cociuba , James C. MacGee
Demographic projections show the majority of OECD economies will see declines in their working-age populations in the coming decades. This is potentially problematic, since young workers account for a large share of net labor reallocation between growing and shrinking industries. To examine if sectoral reallocation costs are exacerbated by an aging population, we develop a three-sector perpetual youth search model with sector-specific human capital. Our model features two interconnected frictions: sectoral preference, which implies that only some workers are mobile across sectors, and a wage bargaining distortion, whereby mobile workers’ outside option of searching in the growing sector dampens the fall in shrinking sector wages, leading to rest unemployment. In our parametrized model, as population growth declines from 3 to percent, output losses from a one-time reallocation shock of 3 percentage points increase seven-fold to nearly 10 percent of annual GDP, and there are extended periods of high unemployment and low vacancies.
{"title":"Sectoral reallocations with an aging population","authors":"Simona E. Cociuba , James C. MacGee","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Demographic projections show the majority of OECD economies will see declines in their working-age populations in the coming decades. This is potentially problematic, since young workers account for a large share of net labor reallocation between growing and shrinking industries. To examine if sectoral reallocation costs are exacerbated by an aging population, we develop a three-sector perpetual youth search model with sector-specific human capital. Our model features two interconnected frictions: <em>sectoral preference</em>, which implies that only some workers are mobile across sectors, and a <em>wage bargaining distortion</em>, whereby mobile workers’ outside option of searching in the growing sector dampens the fall in shrinking sector wages, leading to rest unemployment. In our parametrized model, as population growth declines from 3 to <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> percent, output losses from a one-time reallocation shock of 3 percentage points increase seven-fold to nearly 10 percent of annual GDP, and there are extended periods of high unemployment and low vacancies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 105182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105204
Stephan B. Bruns , Anthony Doucouliagos , Hristos Doucouliagos , Johannes König , T.D. Stanley , Katarina Zigova
We explore gender differences in the time taken to accept empirical articles of economics research. On average, female-authored articles take 9 % longer to accept. This gender gap cannot be fully attributed to differences in author affiliation, research productivity, research quality and novelty. The gender composition of editorial boards does not affect acceptance time for female authors. Nevertheless, this gender gap narrows as female representation in an area of research deepens. We find evidence of sub-field differences in this gender gap, consistent with differences in social norms.
{"title":"The delayed acceptance of female research in economics","authors":"Stephan B. Bruns , Anthony Doucouliagos , Hristos Doucouliagos , Johannes König , T.D. Stanley , Katarina Zigova","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We explore gender differences in the time taken to accept empirical articles of economics research. On average, female-authored articles take 9 % longer to accept. This gender gap cannot be fully attributed to differences in author affiliation, research productivity, research quality and novelty. The gender composition of editorial boards does not affect acceptance time for female authors. Nevertheless, this gender gap narrows as female representation in an area of research deepens. We find evidence of sub-field differences in this gender gap, consistent with differences in social norms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 105204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105194
Ashani Amarasinghe , Paul A. Raschky , Yves Zenou , Junjie Zhou
This paper studies how natural disasters spread conflicts within a network. We first construct a new panel data set that combines geo-referenced information about conflict events and natural disasters, for 5,944 districts in 53 African countries, over the period 1989–2020. Considering natural disasters as exogenous shocks that affect the combatants’ activity in a locality, we find that natural disasters decrease conflict incidence in the affected locality, increase conflict incidence in neighbouring localities, and lead to an overall net increase in conflict incidence. The spatial dispersion of conflict varies by the level of local rent-seeking opportunities and the level of international, post-disaster aid. We then provide a simple theoretical framework that may explain this conflict dispersion pattern. Findings provide important implications for implementing local and aggregate level conflict mitigation policies.
{"title":"How natural disasters spread conflict","authors":"Ashani Amarasinghe , Paul A. Raschky , Yves Zenou , Junjie Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies how natural disasters spread conflicts within a network. We first construct a new panel data set that combines geo-referenced information about conflict events and natural disasters, for 5,944 districts in 53 African countries, over the period 1989–2020. Considering natural disasters as exogenous shocks that affect the combatants’ activity in a locality, we find that natural disasters decrease conflict incidence in the affected locality, increase conflict incidence in neighbouring localities, and lead to an overall net increase in conflict incidence. The spatial dispersion of conflict varies by the level of local rent-seeking opportunities and the level of international, post-disaster aid. We then provide a simple theoretical framework that may explain this conflict dispersion pattern. Findings provide important implications for implementing local and aggregate level conflict mitigation policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 105194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105192
Knut Are Aastveit , Hilde C. Bjørnland , Jamie L. Cross , Helene O. Kalstad
After decades of low and stable inflation, advanced economies experienced a sharp and persistent surge in inflation following the COVID-19 pandemic. While many studies have examined the sources of this inflation, less attention has been paid to how domestic inflation expectations amplify global shocks. This paper makes a novel contribution by quantifying that amplification mechanism across six advanced, inflation-targeting economies: the United States, Canada, New Zealand, the Euro Area, the United Kingdom, and Norway. Using a structural Bayesian vector autoregression model, we jointly identify global demand and supply shocks, including various oil market shocks and global supply chain disruptions, as well as domestic shocks to inflation and inflation expectations. We show that these global shocks were key drivers of the post-pandemic inflation surge in all countries studied. Importantly, our counterfactual analysis reveals that inflation expectations have significantly amplified the transmission of global shocks, particularly in Canada, New Zealand, and the US. These findings demonstrate that the interaction between global forces and country-specific expectations is central to understanding inflation dynamics, and underscore the importance of managing inflation expectations as a tool to mitigate persistent inflation.
{"title":"Unveiling inflation: Oil shocks, supply chain pressures, and expectations","authors":"Knut Are Aastveit , Hilde C. Bjørnland , Jamie L. Cross , Helene O. Kalstad","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>After decades of low and stable inflation, advanced economies experienced a sharp and persistent surge in inflation following the COVID-19 pandemic. While many studies have examined the sources of this inflation, less attention has been paid to how domestic inflation expectations amplify global shocks. This paper makes a novel contribution by quantifying that amplification mechanism across six advanced, inflation-targeting economies: the United States, Canada, New Zealand, the Euro Area, the United Kingdom, and Norway. Using a structural Bayesian vector autoregression model, we jointly identify global demand and supply shocks, including various oil market shocks and global supply chain disruptions, as well as domestic shocks to inflation and inflation expectations. We show that these global shocks were key drivers of the post-pandemic inflation surge in all countries studied. Importantly, our counterfactual analysis reveals that inflation expectations have significantly amplified the transmission of global shocks, particularly in Canada, New Zealand, and the US. These findings demonstrate that the interaction between global forces and country-specific expectations is central to understanding inflation dynamics, and underscore the importance of managing inflation expectations as a tool to mitigate persistent inflation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 105192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105193
Melinda Suveg
Firms relying on working capital raise prices following monetary tightening, and this paper demonstrates that the working capital channel plays a key role in partial and general equilibrium inflation dynamics. The working capital channel arises from firms’ need to pre-fund inputs, determined by their exposure (working capital shares) and price elasticity (working capital sensitivity) to interest rate changes. Using detailed firm-product-level price data, the analysis shows that the average firm holds working capital equal to 16% of sales. For a firm with this average share, a one percentage point policy rate hike leads to a 0.48–2.56% price increase over a 3–33 month horizon.
{"title":"The working capital channel","authors":"Melinda Suveg","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Firms relying on working capital raise prices following monetary tightening, and this paper demonstrates that the working capital channel plays a key role in partial and general equilibrium inflation dynamics. The working capital channel arises from firms’ need to pre-fund inputs, determined by their exposure (working capital shares) and price elasticity (working capital sensitivity) to interest rate changes. Using detailed firm-product-level price data, the analysis shows that the average firm holds working capital equal to 16% of sales. For a firm with this average share, a one percentage point policy rate hike leads to a 0.48–2.56% price increase over a 3–33 month horizon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 105193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105191
Pei Kuang , Kaushik Mitra , Li Tang , Shihan Xie
This paper studies how macroprudential policy changes affect consumers’ housing market expectations and housing affordability perceptions in the United Kingdom. We conduct a large-scale online survey experiment presenting hypothetical changes of three borrower-based macroprudential tools: residential loan-to-value (LTV), buy-to-let LTV, and loan-to-income ratios. We find that policy tightening lowers house price expectations, reduces homebuying intentions, and worsens affordability assessments, while loosening has the opposite effects. The residential LTV ratio is the most effective tool. To interpret these findings, we embed our survey estimates into a dynamic model linking expectations, credit, and housing demand. The model shows that immediate belief shifts significantly amplify house price and consumption responses, highlighting the importance of expectations in the transmission of macroprudential policy.
{"title":"Macroprudential policy and housing market expectations","authors":"Pei Kuang , Kaushik Mitra , Li Tang , Shihan Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies how macroprudential policy changes affect consumers’ housing market expectations and housing affordability perceptions in the United Kingdom. We conduct a large-scale online survey experiment presenting hypothetical changes of three borrower-based macroprudential tools: residential loan-to-value (LTV), buy-to-let LTV, and loan-to-income ratios. We find that policy tightening lowers house price expectations, reduces homebuying intentions, and worsens affordability assessments, while loosening has the opposite effects. The residential LTV ratio is the most effective tool. To interpret these findings, we embed our survey estimates into a dynamic model linking expectations, credit, and housing demand. The model shows that immediate belief shifts significantly amplify house price and consumption responses, highlighting the importance of expectations in the transmission of macroprudential policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 105191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105179
Mahmut S. İpek , Burçin Kısacıkoğlu
We estimate the output gap for the euro area and 20 member countries using a variety of statistical models, based on 55 years of data. We also update the Area-Wide Model Database (AWMD) through 2025Q2, ensuring it remains publicly accessible. Our key findings are: (1) while statistical models broadly agree on the timing of the peaks and troughs, uncertainty persists about the business cycle’s exact state due to differing estimates of the potential output, (2) statistical and institutional estimates generally align but diverge on the size of the output gap, (3) the output gaps of the five largest euro area countries are strongly correlated with each other and the overall euro area. Our work provides an important tool for understanding the business cycle dynamics of Europe’s economy and offers a reliable, official output gap measure for policymakers and economists.
{"title":"Estimating euro area output gap dynamics: Evidence from the updated Area-Wide Model Database","authors":"Mahmut S. İpek , Burçin Kısacıkoğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We estimate the output gap for the euro area and 20 member countries using a variety of statistical models, based on 55 years of data. We also update the Area-Wide Model Database (AWMD) through 2025Q2, ensuring it remains publicly accessible. Our key findings are: (1) while statistical models broadly agree on the timing of the peaks and troughs, uncertainty persists about the business cycle’s exact state due to differing estimates of the potential output, (2) statistical and institutional estimates generally align but diverge on the size of the output gap, (3) the output gaps of the five largest euro area countries are strongly correlated with each other and the overall euro area. Our work provides an important tool for understanding the business cycle dynamics of Europe’s economy and offers a reliable, official output gap measure for policymakers and economists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48389,"journal":{"name":"European Economic Review","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 105179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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