Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2025.106737
Yingcheng Li , Junheng Qi , Chen Wan , Xingjian Liu
Greenness, among other factors of the built environment, has been deemed relevant for urban innovation. However, relatively limited attention has been given to assessing whether identified relationships are consistent across spatial scales and analytical units. The aim of this study is to address this empirical gap and assess the consistency within the framework of the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). The empirical analysis focuses on a case study of Nanjing, China, characterizing innovation activities through a gridded dataset of patent applications and employing spatially lagged negative binomial regression models. The analysis is run with grids and street blocks of varying sizes and at different geographical scales. The results point to the potential scale and zoning effects of the MAUP. The coefficients for the green land use variables vary across analytical units and scales. Specifically, the relationship between green space and innovation tends to be negative with smaller grids and becomes positive as the grid size increases. The study concludes with recommendations for future practice and research.
{"title":"The relationship between green land use and urban innovation: A multiscalar robustness check","authors":"Yingcheng Li , Junheng Qi , Chen Wan , Xingjian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Greenness, among other factors of the built environment, has been deemed relevant for urban innovation. However, relatively limited attention has been given to assessing whether identified relationships are consistent across spatial scales and analytical units. The aim of this study is to address this empirical gap and assess the consistency within the framework of the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). The empirical analysis focuses on a case study of Nanjing, China, characterizing innovation activities through a gridded dataset of patent applications and employing spatially lagged negative binomial regression models. The analysis is run with grids and street blocks of varying sizes and at different geographical scales. The results point to the potential scale and zoning effects of the MAUP. The coefficients for the green land use variables vary across analytical units and scales. Specifically, the relationship between green space and innovation tends to be negative with smaller grids and becomes positive as the grid size increases. The study concludes with recommendations for future practice and research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106737"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2025.106761
Qionghuan Liu , Renzhong Guo , Zhengdong Huang , Ding Ma , Biao He , Cunjin Wang , Xiaoming Li
This study quantifies the synergistic relationship between transport flow and economic activity, as conventional methods like road accessibility and GDP are insufficient for highly mobile megacities. Synergy measures connections in complex systems, with flow data capturing the interplay between transport and economic elements. The study proposes a framework based on flow data and synergy effect theory to analyze this relationship in network space. Specifically, using highway traffic flow data and network analysis, we constructed the synergetic effects model to analyze the interplay between highway traffic flow and economy in the Greater Bay Area (GBA). The results showed that highway traffic flow exhibited significant spatial discrepancy, and primary highway traffic flow was located in the GBA in Shenzhen–Dongguan and Guangzhou–Foshan. The higher comprehensive economic indices were located on the Guangzhou–Foshan–Macao and Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong. The potential economic connectivity strength of Guangzhou, Foshan and Shenzhen was significantly higher than that of other cities. The synergistic effect between highway traffic flow and potential economic connectivity in the GBA was highly related to the strength of highway traffic flow, and it was significantly higher in Guangzhou-Dongguan-Shenzhen than in other regions. This study can support sustained economic development and the implementation of optimized transportation layouts.
{"title":"The synergistic effect between highway traffic flow and potential economic connectivity under network space in the megacity region","authors":"Qionghuan Liu , Renzhong Guo , Zhengdong Huang , Ding Ma , Biao He , Cunjin Wang , Xiaoming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study quantifies the synergistic relationship between transport flow and economic activity, as conventional methods like road accessibility and GDP are insufficient for highly mobile megacities. Synergy measures connections in complex systems, with flow data capturing the interplay between transport and economic elements. The study proposes a framework based on flow data and synergy effect theory to analyze this relationship in network space. Specifically, using highway traffic flow data and network analysis, we constructed the synergetic effects model to analyze the interplay between highway traffic flow and economy in the Greater Bay Area (GBA). The results showed that highway traffic flow exhibited significant spatial discrepancy, and primary highway traffic flow was located in the GBA in Shenzhen–Dongguan and Guangzhou–Foshan. The higher comprehensive economic indices were located on the Guangzhou–Foshan–Macao and Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong. The potential economic connectivity strength of Guangzhou, Foshan and Shenzhen was significantly higher than that of other cities. The synergistic effect between highway traffic flow and potential economic connectivity in the GBA was highly related to the strength of highway traffic flow, and it was significantly higher in Guangzhou-Dongguan-Shenzhen than in other regions. This study can support sustained economic development and the implementation of optimized transportation layouts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106761"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2025.106755
Ziyu Zhao , Xinyu Zuo , Shiyao Zhao , Xiajing Liu , Shijun Wang
Although regional income disparities have drawn significant attention as a pressing practical issue for most countries, particularly developing ones, the existing literature on human mobility and regional income disparities has predominantly focused on the perspective of the migration of the floating population. To date, no research has investigated the impact of daily intercity population mobility on regional income disparities. Departing from previous research that analyzes the effect of the floating population's migration intensity, this study offers empirical evidence from a network-based perspective. Using data from China, the findings of this study demonstrate that daily intercity population mobility mitigates regional income disparities, while also exhibiting a spatial spillover effect that exacerbates regional income disparities in neighboring regions. The study also examines heterogeneity in these effects through two dimensions: transportation mode heterogeneity and network metric heterogeneity. Furthermore, this study reveals a cross-scale relationship between population mobility behavior and its economic effects—specifically, large-scale intercity population mobility influences small-scale intra-urban economic development. This research broadens the research perspective on human mobility and regional income disparities, contributing to the theoretical expansion of urban network externalities. It also offers practical implications for policymaking aimed at regional coordinated development.
{"title":"The impact of intercity population mobility on intra-urban regional income disparities: A cross-scale spatial study","authors":"Ziyu Zhao , Xinyu Zuo , Shiyao Zhao , Xiajing Liu , Shijun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although regional income disparities have drawn significant attention as a pressing practical issue for most countries, particularly developing ones, the existing literature on human mobility and regional income disparities has predominantly focused on the perspective of the migration of the floating population. To date, no research has investigated the impact of daily intercity population mobility on regional income disparities. Departing from previous research that analyzes the effect of the floating population's migration intensity, this study offers empirical evidence from a network-based perspective. Using data from China, the findings of this study demonstrate that daily intercity population mobility mitigates regional income disparities, while also exhibiting a spatial spillover effect that exacerbates regional income disparities in neighboring regions. The study also examines heterogeneity in these effects through two dimensions: transportation mode heterogeneity and network metric heterogeneity. Furthermore, this study reveals a cross-scale relationship between population mobility behavior and its economic effects—specifically, large-scale intercity population mobility influences small-scale intra-urban economic development. This research broadens the research perspective on human mobility and regional income disparities, contributing to the theoretical expansion of urban network externalities. It also offers practical implications for policymaking aimed at regional coordinated development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106755"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Women's walkability in urban spaces is increasingly recognized as vital to urban livability and social sustainability, ensuring equitable access to public space and fostering everyday interaction. Despite growing attention to walking behaviors, few studies comprehensively examine how perceptual-visual, sociocultural, and built environment factors shape women's walking preferences, especially in contexts with strong traditions and patriarchal norms. Drawing on feminist geography and mobility justice, this study frames women's walking as embedded in spatial politics and gendered power relations. To explore this, a survey was conducted with 250 women along three main streets radiating from Tajrish Square, a politically and culturally significant urban node in Tehran. This contested space, marked by gender visibility and civic symbolism, offers a rich setting to investigate the interplay of urban form, visual perception, and sociocultural dynamics. Data were collected via standardized questionnaires and analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling to assess relationships among latent constructs. Space Syntax analysis further evaluated street network configuration and connectivity, clarifying how urban form affects movement and accessibility. Findings reveal perceptual-visual factors had the strongest direct impact on walking preferences (β = 0.354), followed by sociocultural (β = 0.328) and built environment factors (β = 0.243). Indirect effects via sociocultural mediation were similar for perceptual-visual (β = 0.158) and built environment factors (β = 0.156). The total effect of perceptual-visual (β = 0.513) and built environment factors (β = 0.399) underscores the mediating role of sociocultural variables. Overall, the study highlights women's walking as both a sustainable mobility practice and a socio-political act, deeply rooted in the spatial and symbolic fabric of the city.
{"title":"Women's recreational walking preferences in urban streets: A structural equation modeling approach","authors":"Neshat Tavakoli , Mojtaba Rafieian , Rahmatollah Amirjani , Mahnoush Shahinrad","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Women's walkability in urban spaces is increasingly recognized as vital to urban livability and social sustainability, ensuring equitable access to public space and fostering everyday interaction. Despite growing attention to walking behaviors, few studies comprehensively examine how perceptual-visual, sociocultural, and built environment factors shape women's walking preferences, especially in contexts with strong traditions and patriarchal norms. Drawing on feminist geography and mobility justice, this study frames women's walking as embedded in spatial politics and gendered power relations. To explore this, a survey was conducted with 250 women along three main streets radiating from Tajrish Square, a politically and culturally significant urban node in Tehran. This contested space, marked by gender visibility and civic symbolism, offers a rich setting to investigate the interplay of urban form, visual perception, and sociocultural dynamics. Data were collected via standardized questionnaires and analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling to assess relationships among latent constructs. Space Syntax analysis further evaluated street network configuration and connectivity, clarifying how urban form affects movement and accessibility. Findings reveal perceptual-visual factors had the strongest direct impact on walking preferences (β = 0.354), followed by sociocultural (β = 0.328) and built environment factors (β = 0.243). Indirect effects via sociocultural mediation were similar for perceptual-visual (β = 0.158) and built environment factors (β = 0.156). The total effect of perceptual-visual (β = 0.513) and built environment factors (β = 0.399) underscores the mediating role of sociocultural variables. Overall, the study highlights women's walking as both a sustainable mobility practice and a socio-political act, deeply rooted in the spatial and symbolic fabric of the city.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106721"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The theory of ‘collective consciousness’, originally introduced by Emile Durkheim, emphasizes the shared beliefs, values, and norms that bind individuals within a society. This is particularly important in understanding how communities respond to climate-related shocks. Collective consciousness fosters a sense of solidarity and shared responsibility, which can be crucial in grassroots climate resilience efforts. In Africa's urban informal settlements, informal action groups and ad-hoc volunteers embody this concept, collectively addressing climate hazards despite their informal nature. However, there is a limited focus on their roles in urban Africa. This study thus examines their contributions to climate disaster management in two of Kumasi's informal settlements—Aboabo and Asawase—using qualitative research with four institutions, three informal action and volunteer groups, and 24 community residents in four focus group discussions. We show how collective consciousness, expressed through informal volunteers in Kumasi's informal settlements, delivers distinct absorptive and anticipatory resilience functions and suggest strong institutional pathways to integrate these grassroots capacities within formal adaptation frameworks. Findings reveal that absorptive and anticipatory interventions of these groups emerge from a deeply ingrained social cohesion, which drives community-led responses to climate hazards. However, their effectiveness is hindered by structural, logistical, and institutional barriers. By situating their role within collective consciousness, we highlight the importance of social cohesion and community-driven adaptation strategies in climate resilience. Formal recognition, strengthening coordination mechanisms, and addressing structural and other barriers could enhance their responses, reinforcing the power of collective action in building resilience.
{"title":"‘Collective consciousness’ and urban informal action groups towards climate resilience","authors":"Michael Osei Asibey , Andrews Osei-Bonsu , Susanna Agyekum , Yetimoni Kpeebi","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The theory of ‘collective consciousness’, originally introduced by Emile Durkheim, emphasizes the shared beliefs, values, and norms that bind individuals within a society. This is particularly important in understanding how communities respond to climate-related shocks. Collective consciousness fosters a sense of solidarity and shared responsibility, which can be crucial in grassroots climate resilience efforts. In Africa's urban informal settlements, informal action groups and ad-hoc volunteers embody this concept, collectively addressing climate hazards despite their informal nature. However, there is a limited focus on their roles in urban Africa. This study thus examines their contributions to climate disaster management in two of Kumasi's informal settlements—Aboabo and Asawase—using qualitative research with four institutions, three informal action and volunteer groups, and 24 community residents in four focus group discussions. We show how collective consciousness, expressed through informal volunteers in Kumasi's informal settlements, delivers distinct absorptive and anticipatory resilience functions and suggest strong institutional pathways to integrate these grassroots capacities within formal adaptation frameworks. Findings reveal that absorptive and anticipatory interventions of these groups emerge from a deeply ingrained social cohesion, which drives community-led responses to climate hazards. However, their effectiveness is hindered by structural, logistical, and institutional barriers. By situating their role within collective consciousness, we highlight the importance of social cohesion and community-driven adaptation strategies in climate resilience. Formal recognition, strengthening coordination mechanisms, and addressing structural and other barriers could enhance their responses, reinforcing the power of collective action in building resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106724"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2025.106742
Anisha Drall , Ad Maulod , Shannon Ang , Jingzhou Lim , Shin Bin Tan
In cities grappling with rising housing costs, urban redevelopment is often seen as necessary or inevitable, or both. While there is substantial literature on the effects of relocation globally, most focus on pre- to post-move comparisons—treating relocation as a static event—and tend to analyse emotions as an outcome, rather than an analytical window into urban social structures at the neighbourhood level. Our study looks at the case of involuntary state-led resettlement in Singapore, focusing on the experiences of low-income public rental flat residents. Drawing on interviews from two public housing estates that were undergoing relocation, three key findings emerge. First, emotive responses to relocation are grounded in prior experiences with the state, social services, the original site/neighbourhood, and individual housing histories. Second, actions or the lack thereof during relocation are motivated by emotion and the desire to take back a sense of control, or alternatively, detach from a process they feel they cannot change. Third, emotive responses reveal that the psychological impact of relocation cannot be studied only at the tail-end and instead must be analysed from the start of the process in order to capture the true cost. Drawing from this analysis, we suggest ways in which relocation policies can be refined to improve residents' experiences. Together, these findings demonstrate how understanding the fluid and diverse emotions surrounding involuntary resettlement can provide insight into the ongoing lived experience, and precarity, as a low-income resident living in a strong developmental state.
{"title":"Fluid emotions, managed disruption: Understanding involuntary state-led resettlement in Singapore","authors":"Anisha Drall , Ad Maulod , Shannon Ang , Jingzhou Lim , Shin Bin Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In cities grappling with rising housing costs, urban redevelopment is often seen as necessary or inevitable, or both. While there is substantial literature on the effects of relocation globally, most focus on pre- to post-move comparisons—treating relocation as a static event—and tend to analyse emotions as an outcome, rather than an analytical window into urban social structures at the neighbourhood level. Our study looks at the case of involuntary state-led resettlement in Singapore, focusing on the experiences of low-income public rental flat residents. Drawing on interviews from two public housing estates that were undergoing relocation, three key findings emerge. First, emotive responses to relocation are grounded in prior experiences with the state, social services, the original site/neighbourhood, and individual housing histories. Second, actions or the lack thereof during relocation are motivated by emotion and the desire to take back a sense of control, or alternatively, detach from a process they feel they cannot change. Third, emotive responses reveal that the psychological impact of relocation cannot be studied only at the tail-end and instead must be analysed from the start of the process in order to capture the true cost. Drawing from this analysis, we suggest ways in which relocation policies can be refined to improve residents' experiences. Together, these findings demonstrate how understanding the fluid and diverse emotions surrounding involuntary resettlement can provide insight into the ongoing lived experience, and precarity, as a low-income resident living in a strong developmental state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106742"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2025.106738
Dávid Földes
Bike-sharing offers a suitable option for short rides in major cities worldwide, yet its role in urban transport remains unclear. This study examines how bike-sharing (BS) interacts with public transport (PT), either as a complementary feeder or a competing substitute service. Using a unique origin–destination dataset of over 2.2 million rentals in Budapest, Hungary (September 2023–August 2024), descriptive statistics and a zero-inflated negative binomial model were applied to explain both zero and positive rental counts based on PT availability and network and cycling infrastructure characteristics. Results show that bicycle distance is the strongest predictor of both zero rentals and ride intensity, while bicycle-friendly infrastructure and relative PT travel time significantly increase BS demand. Findings indicate a dual role of BS, though competition with PT dominates. BS often substitutes for short PT trips (1–2 stops), especially for the metro, or is used to avoid transfers. Competition is stronger when BS is faster than PT, notably in the morning peak, or when bicycle-friendly roads run parallel to PT lines. Complementarity emerges mainly in winter, when cycling conditions are worse, and in areas where PT availability is weak, but the metro is available nearby. Tram and especially metro connectivity positively affect BS use, while links with bus service are weak. These results can guide policymakers in expanding BS infrastructure to reinforce its complementary role.
{"title":"Competitive or complementary role of bike-sharing to public transport: Budapest case study","authors":"Dávid Földes","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bike-sharing offers a suitable option for short rides in major cities worldwide, yet its role in urban transport remains unclear. This study examines how bike-sharing (BS) interacts with public transport (PT), either as a complementary feeder or a competing substitute service. Using a unique origin–destination dataset of over 2.2 million rentals in Budapest, Hungary (September 2023–August 2024), descriptive statistics and a zero-inflated negative binomial model were applied to explain both zero and positive rental counts based on PT availability and network and cycling infrastructure characteristics. Results show that bicycle distance is the strongest predictor of both zero rentals and ride intensity, while bicycle-friendly infrastructure and relative PT travel time significantly increase BS demand. Findings indicate a dual role of BS, though competition with PT dominates. BS often substitutes for short PT trips (1–2 stops), especially for the metro, or is used to avoid transfers. Competition is stronger when BS is faster than PT, notably in the morning peak, or when bicycle-friendly roads run parallel to PT lines. Complementarity emerges mainly in winter, when cycling conditions are worse, and in areas where PT availability is weak, but the metro is available nearby. Tram and especially metro connectivity positively affect BS use, while links with bus service are weak. These results can guide policymakers in expanding BS infrastructure to reinforce its complementary role.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106738"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2025.106748
Syed Aaqib Javed, Swastika Barua, Anannya Ghosh Tusti, Sazzad Bin Bashar Polock, Tausif Islam Chowdhury, Subasish Das
The rapid adoption of e-scooters as a micromobility mode in Texas cities has introduced new challenges for urban safety and planning. While e-scooters offer a flexible and affordable transportation option, their increased use has raised significant safety concerns, particularly regarding crash severity and contributing factors. Despite their prevalence, limited research has examined the complex dynamics of e-scooter crashes in urban environments. This study addresses that gap by applying Association Rule Mining (ARM) with the Lift Increase Criterion (LIC) to 355 police reported e-scooter crashes across Texas cities from 2021 to 2024. The analysis reveals that fatal and severe injury outcomes (KA) are frequently associated with mid-speed zones ranging from 40 to 60 mph, undivided multi-lane roadways, older riders, and poor lighting conditions, especially on Farm to Market roads and highways. Moderate injury cases (BC) tend to involve riders under age 15, occur at driveway access points and intersections, and are more common in large urban areas (population ≥ 250,000). Non-injury incidents (O) are primarily observed on divided roadways with good nighttime lighting in non-intersection settings. These findings demonstrate the intersection of demographic, infrastructural, and environmental factors in shaping e-scooter crash outcomes. The study offers some critical insights to guide targeted infrastructure interventions, improve urban lighting, and develop age-appropriate safety education initiatives.
{"title":"Built environment and injury risk: Association rule-based exploration of e-scooter crashes in Texas cities","authors":"Syed Aaqib Javed, Swastika Barua, Anannya Ghosh Tusti, Sazzad Bin Bashar Polock, Tausif Islam Chowdhury, Subasish Das","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid adoption of e-scooters as a micromobility mode in Texas cities has introduced new challenges for urban safety and planning. While e-scooters offer a flexible and affordable transportation option, their increased use has raised significant safety concerns, particularly regarding crash severity and contributing factors. Despite their prevalence, limited research has examined the complex dynamics of e-scooter crashes in urban environments. This study addresses that gap by applying Association Rule Mining (ARM) with the Lift Increase Criterion (LIC) to 355 police reported e-scooter crashes across Texas cities from 2021 to 2024. The analysis reveals that fatal and severe injury outcomes (KA) are frequently associated with mid-speed zones ranging from 40 to 60 mph, undivided multi-lane roadways, older riders, and poor lighting conditions, especially on Farm to Market roads and highways. Moderate injury cases (BC) tend to involve riders under age 15, occur at driveway access points and intersections, and are more common in large urban areas (population ≥ 250,000). Non-injury incidents (O) are primarily observed on divided roadways with good nighttime lighting in non-intersection settings. These findings demonstrate the intersection of demographic, infrastructural, and environmental factors in shaping e-scooter crash outcomes. The study offers some critical insights to guide targeted infrastructure interventions, improve urban lighting, and develop age-appropriate safety education initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106748"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2025.106741
Min Cai , Jurian Edelenbos , Lasse Gerrits , Xiaopeng Sun
Integration in spatial planning remains a persistent challenge, especially amid growing environmental and societal complexities that demand coordinated solutions. While much research highlights facilitating factors for integration, less attention has been given to barriers that hinder cohesive planning, particularly within centralized governance contexts. This paper addresses this gap by investigating how Multi-Plan Integration (MPI) operates in practice within Chinas spatial planning system. Through a comparative case study of three MPI projects and one non-MPI project, we identify the effects, facilitators, and inhibitors of integration. Findings reveal that MPI can improve integration outcomes when supported by enabling institutional, instrumental, and contextual conditions, such as collaborative networks, effective process management, and adequate resources, but it does not guarantee success due to persistent challenges including fragmented expertise, low capacity of connective actors, and limited collaborative culture. Importantly, integration emerges not solely from top-down mandates but through bottom-up coordination, informal communication, and adaptive governance practices. This study contributes to spatial planning literature by highlighting pathways to integration in hybrid governance systems and provides an analytical framework for understanding the complex dynamics shaping planning integration.
{"title":"Facilitators and barriers to planning integration: Insights from Multi-plan Integration in China","authors":"Min Cai , Jurian Edelenbos , Lasse Gerrits , Xiaopeng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integration in spatial planning remains a persistent challenge, especially amid growing environmental and societal complexities that demand coordinated solutions. While much research highlights facilitating factors for integration, less attention has been given to barriers that hinder cohesive planning, particularly within centralized governance contexts. This paper addresses this gap by investigating how Multi-Plan Integration (MPI) operates in practice within Chinas spatial planning system. Through a comparative case study of three MPI projects and one non-MPI project, we identify the effects, facilitators, and inhibitors of integration. Findings reveal that MPI can improve integration outcomes when supported by enabling institutional, instrumental, and contextual conditions, such as collaborative networks, effective process management, and adequate resources, but it does not guarantee success due to persistent challenges including fragmented expertise, low capacity of connective actors, and limited collaborative culture. Importantly, integration emerges not solely from top-down mandates but through bottom-up coordination, informal communication, and adaptive governance practices. This study contributes to spatial planning literature by highlighting pathways to integration in hybrid governance systems and provides an analytical framework for understanding the complex dynamics shaping planning integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106741"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2025.106720
Charles QC Li , Arianna Salazar-Miranda
Long-distance travel is a major contributor to urban CO2 emissions. This paper uses Generative AI to simulate zoning reforms and explore their potential associations with travel distances. We combine nationwide parcel-level land-use data with GPS mobility records from over 400 U.S. cities, and train a generative adversarial network (GAN) to predict the relationship between land-use mixing and the share of trips taken within a 15-minute walk. On average, simulated reforms that increase land-use mix by 20% are associated with a 7% relative increase in short-distance trips—but in one-quarter of cities, the same increase in land use mix produces gains up to three times larger. We also find that targeting low-density or single-use neighborhoods are associated with improvements comparable to citywide reforms. These results highlight new opportunities for planners to explore where zoning strategies may reduce travel distances.
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