IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106775

Chenfan Cai , Zixuan Hu , Jin Rui

As global urbanization enters the post-growth era, urban shrinkage has become increasingly prevalent, yet existing research often oversimplifies it as urban decline, overlooking the complexity and diversity of shrinkage processes. This study aims to systematically review global progress in shrinking cities research and reinterpret the essential characteristics and evolutionary patterns of urban shrinkage. The research employs a systematic literature review methodology, utilizing the ChatGPT-4o large language model to extract and analyze data from 183 articles, constructing an analytical framework across five dimensions: demographic-social, economic-industrial, spatial-land use, ecological-environmental, and governance-policy. The findings revealed: (1) Shrinking cities possess unique developmental logic, manifesting as complex evolutionary patterns where localized population return coexists with overall shrinkage; (2) Population flows demonstrate differentiated characteristics with out-migration of young, highly educated groups and retention of elderly, low-income populations, while some cities experience population decline coupled with sustained economic vitality; (3) Urban spatial restructuring manifests as simultaneous core decline and peripheral expansion instead of centripetal contraction alone, while abundant vacant land provides new opportunities for ecological restoration; (4) Future research should transcend simple binary frameworks, focusing on revealing the intrinsic mechanisms of localized revival, ecological equity, and multi-collaborative governance. This study unveils the knowledge structure and theoretical blind spots in shrinking cities research, providing evidence for developing more effective governance strategies for shrinking cities.

随着全球城市化进入后增长时代，城市收缩现象日益普遍，但现有研究往往将其简单化为城市衰退，忽视了收缩过程的复杂性和多样性。本研究旨在系统回顾全球城市收缩研究的进展，并重新解释城市收缩的基本特征和演化模式。本研究采用系统的文献综述方法，利用chatgpt - 40大型语言模型，从183篇文章中提取和分析数据，构建了人口-社会、经济-工业、空间-土地利用、生态-环境和治理-政策五个维度的分析框架。研究结果表明：①城市收缩具有独特的发展逻辑，表现为局部人口回归与整体收缩并存的复杂演化模式；(2)人口流动呈现出高学历青年向外迁移、高学历老年人和低收入人口留在城市的分化特征，部分城市人口减少但经济活力持续；③城市空间重构表现为核心萎缩与外围扩张同步，而非单纯向心收缩，大量的空地为生态修复提供了新的契机；(4)未来的研究应超越简单的二元框架，重点揭示地方复兴、生态公平和多方协同治理的内在机制。本研究揭示了萎缩城市研究的知识结构和理论盲点，为制定更有效的萎缩城市治理策略提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring carbon metabolism from perspective of land use in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration, China: A multi-scale and multi-scenario analysis framework 成渝城市群土地利用碳代谢的多尺度、多情景分析框架

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106773

Shujiang Xiang , Xianjin Huang , Atingai Ailin , Youming Dong , Meiping Li , Nana Lin , Zeyu Yi

Exploring multi-scale and multi-scenario analysis of carbon metabolism in urban agglomerations is crucial for achieving low-carbon development. However, existing researches mainly focus on single-scale and historical period analysis, lacking of multi-scale and multi-scenario predictions of carbon metabolism based on land use. Therefore, this research focuses on Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration (CCUA) and uses carbon metabolism accounting, ecological network analysis, and Markov-PLUS to construct a multi-scale and multi-scenario analysis framework to analyze carbon metabolism characteristics of CCUA. The findings suggest that: (1) Positive carbon flow of CCUA from 2000 to 2020 is smaller than negative carbon flow, and net carbon flow remains consistently negative (−13.57 ∼ −60.02 Tg). Ecological relationship of carbon metabolism of CCUA is mainly determined with control and exploitation relationships, and the proportion remains stable at about 50 %. Ecological mutual index (EMI) of CCUA showed significant growth, steadily increasing from 0.78 to 1.28. (2) Carbon metabolism has obvious spatial scale effects. EMI at different scales shows different spatial differentiation and diffusion characteristics. In addition, standard deviation ellipse of EMI contracted from large to small at all scales, and gravity center (GC) shows a trend of migrating to western region. (3) From EMI ranking results, low-carbon development scenario (0.730) > natural development scenario (0.684) > high-carbon development scenario (0.600). GC of EMI among different scenarios is relatively close, located in Ziyang and Chongqing. The research findings can offer a scientific foundation for low-carbon development and optimal allocation of land resources in CCUA, and provide a reference for other urban agglomerations.

探索城市群碳代谢的多尺度、多情景分析对于实现低碳发展至关重要。但现有研究主要集中在单尺度和历史时期分析，缺乏基于土地利用的多尺度、多情景碳代谢预测。因此，本研究以成渝城市群为研究对象，运用碳代谢核算、生态网络分析、Markov-PLUS等方法，构建多尺度、多场景的分析框架，对成渝城市群碳代谢特征进行分析。结果表明：(1)2000 ~ 2020年CCUA正碳流量小于负碳流量，净碳流量持续为负（- 13.57 ~ - 60.02 Tg）。CCUA碳代谢的生态关系主要由控制和开发关系决定，所占比例稳定在50%左右。生态互指数（EMI）呈显著增长，由0.78稳步上升至1.28。(2)碳代谢具有明显的空间尺度效应。不同尺度的电磁干扰表现出不同的空间分异和扩散特征。此外，各尺度上EMI的标准差椭圆由大到小均呈收缩趋势，重心（GC）呈向西部地区迁移的趋势。(3)从EMI排名结果来看，低碳发展情景（0.730）>；自然发展情景（0.684）>；高碳发展情景（0.600）。不同场景间EMI的GC比较接近，分别位于资阳和重庆。研究结果可为中部城市群低碳发展和土地资源优化配置提供科学依据，并为其他城市群提供借鉴。

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引用次数: 0

Social entrepreneurship as a driver for social inclusion and sustainable tourism: The case of Herculaneum, Italy 社会企业家精神作为社会包容和可持续旅游的驱动力：以意大利赫库兰尼姆为例

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2025.106759

Salvatore Monaco, Antón Freire Varela, Ciro Prospero, Fabio Corbisiero

Social enterprises are increasingly recognized for their potential to foster social inclusion and sustainable tourism by embedding economic activities within local communities. While existing literature often focuses on the measurable impacts of these initiatives, less attention has been paid to how social enterprises construct and narrate their own roles within complex territorial contexts. This study adopts an interpretive approach to study how the social enterprise Variabile K, based in Herculaneum, Italy, frames its mission and practices as tools for transforming the city's tourism model. Through a thematic analysis of qualitative interviews with enterprise members, the paper identifies five key dimensions: the contradictions of Herculaneum's landscape, the dual nature of tourism, the enterprise's commitment to community-based tourism, the role of collaborative networks, and future opportunities and challenges.

Findings indicate that Variabile K challenges the dominant “hit-and-run” tourism model by promoting experiential, relational, and locally embedded activities. Through partnerships with schools, local businesses, and third-sector organizations, it fosters a participatory tourism model that enhances social cohesion and expands economic opportunities for residents. Nevertheless, structural limitations—such as weak institutional support, inadequate infrastructure, and exclusion from mainstream tourism circuits—continue to hinder its development.

While social entrepreneurship offers a promising alternative for sustainable tourism, its consolidation requires greater policy recognition, institutional alignment, and long-term investment. The case of Variabile K contributes to broader debates on social innovation in tourism, emphasizing the importance of locally grounded, inclusive strategies for urban regeneration and cultural valorization.

社会企业通过将经济活动融入当地社区，日益认识到其促进社会包容和可持续旅游业的潜力。虽然现有文献经常关注这些举措的可衡量影响，但很少关注社会企业如何在复杂的地域背景下构建和叙述自己的角色。本研究采用解释性的方法来研究意大利赫库兰尼姆的社会企业可变K如何将其使命和实践作为转变城市旅游模式的工具。通过对企业成员进行定性访谈的专题分析，本文确定了五个关键维度：赫库兰尼姆景观的矛盾、旅游业的双重性质、企业对社区旅游的承诺、协作网络的作用以及未来的机遇和挑战。研究结果表明，变量K通过促进体验、关系和本地嵌入活动，挑战了主导的“肇事逃逸”旅游模式。通过与学校、当地企业和第三部门组织的合作，它培育了一种参与式旅游模式，增强了社会凝聚力，扩大了居民的经济机会。然而，结构性限制，如薄弱的制度支持，基础设施不足，被排除在主流旅游线路之外，继续阻碍着它的发展。虽然社会企业家精神为可持续旅游业提供了一个有前途的选择，但它的巩固需要更多的政策认可、制度协调和长期投资。变量K的案例促进了关于旅游业社会创新的更广泛讨论，强调了基于当地的包容性战略对城市再生和文化增值的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Do zero waste pledges and goals increase municipal waste diversion rates? 零废物承诺和目标是否会提高城市废物的分流率？

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2025.106757

Ashpreet Kaur , Mary Alice Haddad

Why are some municipalities diverting nearly 80 % of their municipal solid waste while others are putting everything into landfills? This article seeks to investigate the factors that explain variation in municipal solid waste diversion rates among cities that have publicly committed to ambitious climate action goals. It finds that cities that make a public commitment to reducing emissions, such as joining Cities Race to Zero, Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy, ICLEI, or C40, commonly have zero waste plans and goals. Many of these cities are also home to universities and are often located in states with beverage container and food waste laws. However, none of these factors had a measurable influence on the extent to which cities diverted their waste from landfills. Using an original dataset of the 132 cities in the United States that had signed the Cities Race to Zero challenge (a global initiative in which participating municipalities pledge to reach net zero emissions by 2040 or sooner), we used OLS regressions to test which factors affected a city's waste diversion rates. We found that having a higher per capita income, proximity to the ocean, and being in California were the only factors that had a statistically significant effect on increasing a municipality's waste diversion rate.

为什么有些城市将近80%的城市固体废物转移，而另一些城市则将所有垃圾都填埋？本文旨在调查解释在公开承诺雄心勃勃的气候行动目标的城市之间城市固体废物转移率变化的因素。报告发现，公开承诺减排的城市，如加入“城市零排放竞赛”、“全球市长气候与能源公约”、“ICLEI”或“C40”等，通常都有零废物计划和目标。其中许多城市也是大学所在地，而且通常位于有饮料容器和食物垃圾法的州。然而，这些因素都没有对城市从垃圾填埋场转移废物的程度产生可测量的影响。使用美国132个签署了“城市零排放竞赛”挑战（一项全球倡议，参与的城市承诺到2040年或更早达到净零排放）的城市的原始数据集，我们使用OLS回归来测试哪些因素影响城市的废物转移率。我们发现，人均收入较高、靠近海洋和在加州是对提高城市废物转移率有统计学显著影响的唯一因素。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the dynamics: Tracing rural settlements evolution in urban-rural transition zones 揭示动态：城乡转轨区乡村聚落演变轨迹

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2026.106772

Libang Ma , Shoucun Zhao , Xiang Wang , Cui Cao , Qing Zhu

As the frontier zone affected by urbanization, the spatio-temporal evolution of rural settlements (RSs) in urban-rural transition zones (URTZs) serves as a crucial entry point for understanding urban-rural interactions. However, targeted research in this area remains insufficient. To this end, this study innovatively constructs a reverse-tracking analytical framework that traces causes from effects. Integrating methods such as landscape pattern analysis, spatial expansion measurement, and interface effect response, it systematically reveals the evolutionary patterns of RS in URTZs in Gansu Province. This study indicates that the landscape patterns of RSs exhibit trends towards scaling, complexity and spatial clustering; the rate of RSs expansion continues to slow, with expansion directions demonstrating high adaptability to the geographical environment, while differentiated expansion behaviors further drive landscape pattern formation; The response of RSs to the interface effects of URTZs directly influences their expansion dynamics and survival status, thereby feeding back into the evolution of landscape patterns. This study offers a fresh perspective on understanding the complexities of human-land relationships in URTZs, while also providing precise spatio-temporal information support for land management in these areas.

城乡过渡带乡村聚落作为受城市化影响的前沿地带，其时空演变是理解城乡相互作用的重要切入点。然而，在这方面的针对性研究仍然不足。为此，本研究创新性地构建了从结果追溯原因的反向跟踪分析框架。综合景观格局分析、空间扩展测量、界面效应响应等方法，系统揭示了甘肃省城市交通集散区RS的演化规律。研究结果表明：RSs景观格局呈现出尺度化、复杂性和空间聚类化的趋势；RSs扩展速度持续放缓，扩展方向对地理环境表现出较高的适应性，而差异化的扩展行为进一步驱动景观格局的形成；RSs对urtz界面效应的响应直接影响它们的扩展动态和生存状态，从而反馈到景观格局的演变中。该研究提供了一个全新的视角来理解utz地区人地关系的复杂性，同时也为这些地区的土地管理提供了精确的时空信息支持。

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引用次数: 0

Operational definitions of justice produce different outcomes in urban heat resilience projects 在城市热恢复项目中，正义的操作定义产生了不同的结果

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2025.106715

Amir Hossein Pakizeh , Nader Naderpajouh , David R. Johnson

Planning urban heat resilience projects inherently involves the distribution of benefits and burdens, which raises concerns about justice. The just outcome of these projects requires clarity on how justice is conceptualized, defined, measured, and translated into practice. Here, we demonstrate how alternative conceptualizations of justice result in significant variations in the distribution of urban heat resilience resources. We analyze these alternatives through the choices of interpretations of justice theories, indicators for resource distribution, the scale of jurisdictional autonomy in urban governance, modeling constraints for urban morphologies, and the granularity of data. We use the case of Greater Sydney to examine the implications of operationalizing justice, including instances where the increased provision of tree canopies as a resource in the face of urban heat has unintentionally increased injustices. Our findings highlight the significance of contextualized strategies and urban governance structures to organize the just outcomes of resilience projects.

规划城市抗热项目本身就涉及到利益和负担的分配，这引起了人们对正义的关注。这些项目的公正结果需要明确正义是如何概念化、定义、衡量和转化为实践的。在这里，我们展示了不同的正义概念如何导致城市热恢复力资源分布的显著变化。我们通过对司法理论解释的选择、资源分配指标的选择、城市治理的管辖自治规模的选择、城市形态的建模约束以及数据粒度的选择来分析这些选择。我们以大悉尼地区为例，研究了实施正义的影响，包括在面对城市高温时增加树冠作为资源的情况下无意中增加了不公正。我们的研究结果强调了情境化策略和城市治理结构对组织韧性项目的公正结果的重要性。

引用次数: 0

Where should rural infrastructure construction focus? An evidence from official grassroots survey 农村基础设施建设的重点在哪里？这是来自官方基层调查的证据

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2025.106746

Xiaodong Liu Ph.d , Xiaohan Wang , Shuming Zhang , Rui Wu , Junqi Yang , Hong Zhang Ph.d , Yao Wang , Zhixin Li , Jianing Wu , Shiyu Cai

The purpose of this paper is to assess Chinese rural infrastructure development by quantitative method in view of multiple official perform indicators. Researches done so far mainly concentrates on microcosmic index and locations. This investigation builds an evaluation system using classical case based reasoning (CBR) method integrated subjective and objective weight values. National official provides the basic database. Combining database and perform indicators, a regression model is built to infer whole country infrastructure condition under high coefficient. Final result shows that the construction of sewage treatment and shower facilities in China's major villages is relatively high, but the use of clean energy and cold chain facilities in rural areas are still relatively poor. The northeast area is the region with the worst infrastructure construction, and the east, midland, southwest and south regions have best infrastructure performance. At last, the conclusions indicate that regions and thermal zones significantly affect the rural construction performance. Future government should pay close attention to comprehensively develop northeast infrastructure and northwest clean energy building.

本文旨在结合多个官方绩效指标，采用定量方法对中国农村基础设施发展进行评估。目前的研究主要集中在微观指标和位置上。本研究采用经典的基于案例推理（CBR）方法，结合主客观权重值，构建了一个评价体系。国家官方提供基本数据库。结合数据库和绩效指标，建立了高系数下全国基础设施状况的回归模型。最终结果显示，中国主要村庄的污水处理和淋浴设施建设相对较高，但农村地区的清洁能源和冷链设施的使用仍然相对较差。东北地区是基础设施建设最差的地区，东部、中部、西南和南部地区基础设施建设绩效最好。研究结果表明，区域和热分区对农村建设绩效有显著影响。未来政府应高度重视综合发展东北基础设施和西北清洁能源建设。

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引用次数: 0

Depicting human mobility across functional zones to elevate urban heat exposure management—A case study of Shenzhen, China 描述跨功能区的人员流动性以提升城市热暴露管理——以中国深圳为例

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2025.106729

Ting Wang , Tingbao Xu , Huimin Wang , Jinle Kang , Lei Qiu , Zhiqiang Wang , Shi Xue , Zhou Fang

Urban high temperatures are increasingly severe, significantly impacting public health and quality of life. Spatial interactions amplify individuals' exposure to high temperatures, thereby heightening the risk of heat-related hazards. Mobile populations, in contrast to static indoor populations, often demand greater attention from urban managers. However, widespread cooling interventions can lead to increased costs and resource inefficiencies. This study addresses these challenges in three key steps. First, we utilize mobile phone data to extract spatial interaction behaviors and mobility intensities of populations at various times. Second, we develop a novel heat exposure risk assessment framework by integrating the concept of crowd activity intensity into the existing heat exposure model. Lastly, we apply this framework to Shenzhen's Futian District to generate heat exposure risk maps for different times of the day. The study reveals the following key findings: (1) Significant variations in land surface temperatures, particularly in urban core areas where high building density and concentrated human activities exacerbate heat island effects. (2) The spatial gravity model quantifies crowd activity intensity, illustrating population movement and activity distribution across Futian District, which is critical for understanding heat exposure risks. The intensity of human activity demonstrates a trend of shifting from north to south, with a primary concentration in the central areas. (3) The heat exposure risk assessment model, based on functional zone delineation, highlights significant differences in risk levels among zones during high-temperature periods. For instance, Zones B and C (Xiangmi Lake New Financial Center and Futian Central District) exhibit higher risks between 12:00 PM and 5:00 PM, whereas Zone A (Meilin Living Circle) shows elevated risks during peak residential activity times, from 6:00 AM to 9:00 AM. These variations are closely related to the functional orientation of each zone. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for decision-makers, enabling more effective and efficient heat risk management through time-segmented strategies tailored to different functional zones and population dynamics.

城市高温日益严重，严重影响公众健康和生活质量。空间相互作用扩大了个体对高温的暴露，从而增加了与热有关的危害的风险。与静止的室内人口相比，流动人口往往需要城市管理者给予更多的关注。然而，广泛的冷却干预措施可能导致成本增加和资源效率低下。本研究通过三个关键步骤解决了这些挑战。首先，利用手机数据提取不同时段人群的空间交互行为和流动强度。其次，我们将人群活动强度的概念整合到现有的热暴露模型中，建立了一个新的热暴露风险评估框架。最后，我们将此框架应用于深圳福田区，生成一天中不同时间的热暴露风险图。研究发现：(1)地表温度变化显著，特别是在建筑密度高、人类活动集中的城市核心区，热岛效应加剧。(2)空间重力模型量化了人群活动强度，反映了福田区人口流动和活动分布，对了解热暴露风险具有重要意义。人类活动强度呈现由北向南转移的趋势，主要集中在中部地区。(3)基于功能区划分的热暴露风险评价模型在高温时期各功能区风险水平存在显著差异。例如，B区和C区（香蜜湖新金融中心和福田中心区）在中午12点到下午5点之间风险较高，而A区（美林生活圈）在上午6点到9点的住宅活动高峰时段风险较高。这些变化与各功能区的功能定位密切相关。本研究结果为决策者提供了有价值的见解，通过针对不同功能区和人口动态的分时策略，实现更有效和高效的热风险管理。

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引用次数: 0

Pleasant walking environments enhance emotional experiences and reduce brain activation - an application of fNIRS in urban studies 愉快的散步环境可以增强情绪体验，减少大脑活动——近红外光谱在城市研究中的应用

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2025.106768

Lisa Marie Brunner , Pasi Aalto , Helge Hillnhütter , Christian A. Klöckner , Martin Steinert , Henrikke Dybvik

Promoting walking as a mode of transport is crucial to creating healthy, liveable cities. However, little research has examined how the built environment influences people's experiences, partly because of a lack of methods that directly capture this effect. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), an optical brain imaging technique, measures neurological responses by monitoring changes in blood oxygenation. Although fNIRS has been employed to compare built and natural environments, its application to studying built environments remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by investigating how different built walking environments affect participants' emotional experiences and brain activation. The environments included 1) a mixed-use residential area, 2) a mixed-use old town street, 3) a monotonous residential street, and 4) a city centre environment. An expert panel assessed their quality using urban indicators. In an experiment (N = 51), participants watched four 20-s videos of each environment while we measured prefrontal cortex oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin concentrations and collected data on emotional experiences. Results showed that pleasantly perceived walking environments (1 and 2) decreased prefrontal cortex activation, while unpleasantly perceived environments (3 and 4) produced the opposite effect. While our findings demonstrate cognitive differences between urban scenes, further research is needed to identify which environmental factors drive these effects. Overall, viewing different walking environments elicits measurable cognitive responses, highlighting the potential of fNIRS to study urban experiences. Evidence-based research on neurourbanism can inform the creation of urban spaces that promote walking and enhance emotional well-being and health.

促进步行作为一种交通方式对于创建健康、宜居的城市至关重要。然而，很少有研究调查建筑环境如何影响人们的体验，部分原因是缺乏直接捕捉这种影响的方法。功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）是一种光学脑成像技术，通过监测血液氧合的变化来测量神经反应。虽然fNIRS已被用于比较人造环境和自然环境，但其在研究人造环境方面的应用仍未得到充分探索。这项研究通过调查不同的步行环境如何影响参与者的情绪体验和大脑激活来解决这一差距。环境包括1)混合用途住宅区，2)混合用途老城区街道，3)单调的住宅街道，4)城市中心环境。一个专家小组使用城市指标评估了它们的质量。在一项实验中（N = 51），参与者观看了四段不同环境的20秒视频，同时我们测量了前额皮质含氧和脱氧血红蛋白的浓度，并收集了情绪体验的数据。结果表明，令人愉悦的步行环境（1和2）会降低前额叶皮层的激活，而令人不快的步行环境（3和4）则会产生相反的效果。虽然我们的研究结果显示了城市场景之间的认知差异，但需要进一步的研究来确定哪些环境因素会导致这些影响。总的来说，观察不同的步行环境会引发可测量的认知反应，这突出了fNIRS在研究城市体验方面的潜力。基于证据的神经城市主义研究可以为城市空间的创造提供信息，促进步行，增强情感幸福感和健康。

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引用次数: 0

A unified framework for evaluating urban ridesharing potential: Spatiotemporal patterns, scaling effects, and multi-city evidence from China 城市拼车潜力评估的统一框架：时空格局、规模效应和来自中国的多城市证据

IF 6.6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2025.106764

Hao Yu , Xuanyu Liu , Chonghao Zhang , Zhe Liu , Peng Cao , Xiao Luo

Ridesharing has gained global attention as a sustainable mobility strategy to reduce congestion, emissions, and vehicle use. However, most existing studies focus on single cities and define ridesharing potential narrowly through the sharing rate, limiting the ability to distinguish universal patterns from city-specific variations. This study redefines ridesharing potential as the theoretical upper bound of a city’s capacity to accommodate shared trips under idealized conditions, reflecting how demand intensity, travel efficiency, and passenger delay jointly determine structural feasibility. Using standardized trip density, we analyze large-scale GPS trajectory and road network data from four Chinese megacities (Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Chengdu), representing diverse urban forms from monocentric to polycentric and corridor-based structures. The results reveal four stable theoretical patterns governing ridesharing systems: temporal regularity with daytime peaks (8:00 to 18:00), spatial concentration around business and transit centers, a Pareto distribution in which 80% of shared trips occur within 20% of grids, and scaling saturation where sharing rate increases logarithmically with trip density (

R^{2} > 0.94

). The multi-city findings also reveal how urban morphology systematically modulates their manifestation. Monocentric and transit-oriented cities exhibit higher and more scalable ridesharing potential, while polycentric and spatially dispersed structures experience early saturation. This morphological dependence underscores that ridesharing efficiency is inherently structural and can be strategically enhanced through fine-grained land use coordination and hub-based urban design. A subset of the dataset is publicly released to support further research: https://anonymous.4open.science/r/multi-city-GPS-trajectory-dataset-3F3D.

拼车作为一种减少拥堵、排放和车辆使用的可持续移动战略，已经引起了全球的关注。然而，大多数现有的研究都集中在单个城市，并通过共享率狭隘地定义拼车潜力，限制了区分普遍模式和城市特定变化的能力。本研究将拼车潜力重新定义为理想条件下城市容纳共享出行能力的理论上限，反映了需求强度、出行效率和乘客延误如何共同决定结构可行性。利用标准化的出行密度，我们分析了来自中国四个特大城市（北京、上海、深圳和成都）的大规模GPS轨迹和道路网络数据，这些城市代表了从单中心到多中心和走廊型结构的不同城市形态。研究结果揭示了四种稳定的理论模式：白天高峰（8:00 - 18:00）的时间规律性，商业和交通中心周围的空间集中，80%的共享出行发生在20%的网格内的帕累托分布，以及共享率随出行密度呈对数增长的尺度饱和（R2>0.94）。多城市的研究结果也揭示了城市形态如何系统地调节其表现。单中心和公交导向的城市显示出更高和更可扩展的拼车潜力，而多中心和空间分散的结构则会出现早期饱和。这种形态上的依赖强调了拼车效率本质上是结构性的，可以通过细粒度的土地利用协调和以枢纽为基础的城市设计来战略性地提高效率。数据集的一个子集公开发布以支持进一步的研究：https://anonymous.4open.science/r/multi-city-GPS-trajectory-dataset-3F3D。

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引用次数: 0

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