IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105464

Yejin Kim , Sugie Lee

As part of efforts to reduce carbon emissions, the concept of n-minute cities has been proposed. Although many global cities have attempted to implement this idea, there is still a lack of quantitative research on n-minute cities. This study aims to analyze factors that influence living radii by utilizing mobile phone location-based mobility big data and spatial regression analysis, thereby contributing to the implementation of n-minute cities. By distinguishing between pre- and post-COVID-19 periods and between commuting and non-commuting travel, this study reveals decreased average travel distances in the post-pandemic period and identifies factors influencing living radii, thereby favoring the concept of n-minute cities. During the post-COVID-19 period, the impact of factors such as population density, commercial facilities, and the job-housing ratio on travel distance has shifted, while neighborhood living and cultural facilities maintain consistent influence. This underscores the importance of prioritizing these aspects in n-minute city planning. Additionally, the mix of residential and business uses consistently affects shorter commuting distances, highlighting its critical role in n-minute city development. This study is significant for identifying urban environmental factors that effectively reduce living radii based on actual travel behaviors.

作为减少碳排放努力的一部分，人们提出了 n 分钟城市的概念。尽管全球许多城市都在尝试实施这一理念，但目前仍缺乏对 n 分钟城市的定量研究。本研究旨在利用基于手机定位的移动大数据和空间回归分析，分析影响生活半径的因素，从而为 n 分钟城市的实施做出贡献。通过区分 "COVID-19 "之前和之后、通勤和非通勤出行，本研究揭示了 "COVID-19 "流行后平均出行距离的减少，并确定了影响生活半径的因素，从而有利于 "n 分钟城市 "概念的实现。在后 COVID-19 时期，人口密度、商业设施、工作与住房比例等因素对出行距离的影响发生了变化，而社区生活和文化设施的影响保持一致。这凸显了在 n 分钟城市规划中优先考虑这些方面的重要性。此外，住宅和商业用途的组合始终影响着较短的通勤距离，突出了其在 n 分钟城市发展中的关键作用。这项研究对于根据实际出行行为确定有效缩短生活半径的城市环境因素具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Using deep learning to unravel the structural evolution of block-scale green spaces in urban renewal” [Cities 150 (2024) 105030] 利用深度学习揭示城市更新中街区级绿地的结构演变》[《城市》150 (2024) 105030]更正

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105527

Conghui Zhou , Shining Zhang , Bowen Liu , Tianjiao Li , Jixin Shi , Huiying Zhan

引用次数: 0

Bridging the education gap: A comprehensive analysis of travel distance and education quality based spatial accessibility of early childhood education in Metropolitan Melbourne 缩小教育差距：基于墨尔本大都会幼儿教育空间可达性的旅行距离和教育质量综合分析

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105530

Shiyang Lyu , Xiaoxuan Chen , Kiki Maulana Adhinugraha , David Taniar

In Australia, Melbourne's population is growing rapidly and will soon overtake Sydney, fuelled by a COVID-19 baby boom that has increased demand for early childhood education (ECE). In response, the Victorian Government has announced transformational reforms to improve the accessibility and quality of ECE for the growing urban population. This study aims to addresses the evolution and effectiveness of ECE reforms in Melbourne from 2021 to 2036 by proposing an innovative approach that integrates spatial accessibility and educational quality into ECE evaluations. Using the distance decay function, the Floating Catchment Area (FCA) method and the Huff model, it extends traditional geographical analyses by highlighting the importance of educational quality in parental choice and providing a refined technique for simulating local demand based on educational quality and travel distance. Overall, inequalities in educational resources have been identified, with a concentration of ECE services near the CBD, despite high population density, while peripheral areas have significant service deficits. Furthermore, the projected poor accessibility scores for 2026, 2031 and 2036 highlight the urgent need for educational infrastructure development, even in areas rated as having better accessibility in 2021.

在澳大利亚，墨尔本的人口正在迅速增长，很快将超过悉尼，COVID-19 婴儿潮的推动增加了对幼儿教育（ECE）的需求。为此，维多利亚州政府宣布进行转型改革，以改善日益增长的城市人口对幼儿教育的可及性和质量。本研究旨在通过提出一种将空间可达性和教育质量纳入幼教评估的创新方法，探讨 2021 年至 2036 年墨尔本幼教改革的演变和有效性。该研究利用距离衰减函数、浮动集水区（FCA）方法和哈夫模型，扩展了传统的地理分析，强调了教育质量在家长选择中的重要性，并提供了一种基于教育质量和旅行距离模拟当地需求的精细技术。总体而言，研究发现了教育资源的不平等现象，尽管人口密度较高，但幼教服务主要集中在中央商务区附近，而周边地区的幼教服务则严重不足。此外，预计 2026 年、2031 年和 2036 年的可达性得分较低，这凸显了对教育基础设施发展的迫切需求，即使在 2021 年被评为可达性较好的地区也是如此。

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引用次数: 0

When bike lanes are not enough: The role of connected low-stress cycling infrastructure on cycle commuting in urban Aotearoa New Zealand 当自行车道不够用时：在新西兰奥特亚罗瓦城市，连通的低压力自行车基础设施对自行车通勤的作用

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105526

Melissa Louise Smith, Xinyu Fu

Promoting bicycling is a shared aspiration among cities internationally in pursuit of sustainable urban development. However, while cities are increasingly investing in bike lanes, car dependency remains high. Existing empirical literature examining the reasons behind such a low conversion rate remains inconclusive and limited. In this study, we aim to address this gap by empirically investigating the quality of cycling infrastructure using the Level of Traffic Stress Framework and its relationship with cycling uptake using a case study of seven major cities in Aotearoa New Zealand. Specifically, we first developed a transferable method that combined the Level of Traffic Stress (LTS) framework and graph theory to spatially quantify the quality of cycling infrastructure, and then used Hurdle models to examine the relationship between the presence of low-stress cycling infrastructure and cycling uptake across these cities. We found that while the majority of the roads in these cities are low stress, they are poorly connected, and the greater provision of low-stress cycling infrastructure is associated with more people cycling to work. This study offers important empirical evidence for transport planners to inform decisions that enable longer-distance active commutes and foster broader public uptake of active travel in their communities.

推广自行车是国际城市追求可持续城市发展的共同愿望。然而，尽管城市越来越多地投资建设自行车道，但人们对汽车的依赖程度仍然很高。现有的实证文献对如此低的转换率背后的原因进行了研究，但仍然没有定论，而且数量有限。在本研究中，我们通过对新西兰奥特亚罗瓦的七个主要城市进行案例研究，利用交通压力水平框架对自行车基础设施的质量及其与自行车使用率的关系进行了实证调查，旨在填补这一空白。具体而言，我们首先开发了一种结合交通压力水平（LTS）框架和图论的可转移方法，对自行车基础设施的质量进行空间量化，然后使用赫尔德模型来研究低压力自行车基础设施的存在与这些城市的自行车使用率之间的关系。我们发现，虽然这些城市的大部分道路压力较低，但其连接性较差，而低压力自行车基础设施的增加与更多人骑自行车上班有关。这项研究为交通规划者提供了重要的经验证据，使他们能够做出明智的决策，实现更长距离的主动通勤，并在社区中促进更广泛的公众主动出行。

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引用次数: 0

Lubumbashi and cobalt: African city at the crossroads of global decarbonization and neocolonialism 卢本巴希与钴：处于全球去碳化和新殖民主义十字路口的非洲城市

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105521

Brandon Marc Finn , Patrick Brandful Cobbinah

Lubumbashi is the capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo's (DRC) southernmost province of Haut-Katanga,¹ and it lies at the crossroads of global decarbonization and neocolonialism. Drawing on our research in the Copperbelt region of the DRC, we present an analysis that serves to unsettle urban theory by placing Lubumbashi at the center of historical geopolitical events over the 20th and 21st centuries. The city's centrality to geopolitics remains today, as Lubumbashi is the headquarters for major mining companies extracting copper and cobalt – minerals essential to decarbonization. We tie Lubumbashi's historical urban development to the region's immense natural resources and extractive potential. We show that the human rights abuses associated with contemporary cobalt mining, such as child labor, social displacement, and structural marginalization, are new forms of old colonial practices. We aim to encourage an expansive critical imagination in urban planning and geography that invites theorizing the history and global significance of understudied African cities,which are central to but often silent within analyses of global capitalism.

卢本巴希是刚果民主共和国（DRC）最南端上加丹加省1 的首府，位于全球去碳化和新殖民主义的十字路口。根据我们在刚果（金）铜带地区所做的研究，我们将卢本巴希置于 20 世纪和 21 世纪历史地缘政治事件的中心，从而提出了一项有助于颠覆城市理论的分析。由于卢本巴希是开采铜和钴的大型矿业公司的总部，而铜和钴是去碳化所必需的矿产，因此该城市在地缘政治中的中心地位至今依然存在。我们将卢本巴希历史上的城市发展与该地区巨大的自然资源和开采潜力联系起来。我们表明，与当代钴矿开采相关的侵犯人权行为，如童工、社会流离失所和结构性边缘化，是旧殖民主义做法的新形式。我们的目标是鼓励在城市规划和地理学中开展广泛的批判性想象，从而将未被充分研究的非洲城市的历史和全球意义理论化，这些城市是全球资本主义分析的核心，但在分析中却往往保持沉默。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial advantages of highly educated individuals in Germany: Is sustainable mobility an expression of privilege? 德国高学历人才的空间优势：可持续流动是特权的体现吗？

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105507

Sarah George , Katja Salomo , Marcel Helbig

To effectively combat climate change it is crucial to encourage daily environmentally friendly behaviour across large parts of the population. This includes daily mobility behaviour, since private transport is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse emissions. Previous studies suggest that highly educated individuals exhibit more environmentally friendly mobility behaviour, a fact that is usually explained by their higher environmental awareness. We instead explore the extent to which this behaviour is driven by their socio-spatial advantages. We use comprehensive data on daily mobility: our analytical sample includes 16,419 journeys from 4168 individuals in 2002 and 102,774 journeys from 26,036 individuals in 2017. The data is representative of German residents in large cities aged 18 to 59. We employ multilevel OLS regression, logistic regression, and fractional multinomial logit models to analyse changes in travel patterns among highly educated individuals over time. Our findings reveal that university graduates tend to reside not only more often in large cities but in the most central neighbourhoods within these areas, leading to shorter daily travel distances. Consequently, their daily journeys take less time and they are able to use slower, more sustainable mobility options when commuting, running errands, or engaging in leisure activities without incurring higher travel time costs than other groups. Our results highlight the importance of addressing residential inequalities as a key step in enabling a broader population to adopt sustainable lifestyles.

为了有效地应对气候变化，鼓励大部分人口的日常环保行为至关重要。这包括日常交通行为，因为私人交通是温室气体排放的最大来源之一。以往的研究表明，受过高等教育的人表现出更多的环保交通行为，这通常可以用他们更高的环保意识来解释。而我们则探索了这种行为在多大程度上是由他们的社会空间优势所驱动的。我们使用了有关日常出行的综合数据：我们的分析样本包括 2002 年 4168 人的 16419 次出行和 2017 年 26036 人的 102774 次出行。这些数据对 18 至 59 岁的德国大城市居民具有代表性。我们采用多层次 OLS 回归、逻辑回归和分数多叉 logit 模型来分析高学历人群的出行模式随时间的变化。我们的研究结果表明，大学毕业生不仅更经常居住在大城市，而且居住在这些地区最中心的街区，从而缩短了每天的出行距离。因此，他们的日常出行花费的时间更少，在通勤、办差事或从事休闲活动时，他们能够选择速度更慢、更可持续的交通方式，而不会产生比其他群体更高的出行时间成本。我们的研究结果凸显了解决居住不平等问题的重要性，这是让更多人采用可持续生活方式的关键一步。

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引用次数: 0

Do enhanced school zone policies improve pedestrians' safety? A deep learning-based case study of Osan City, South Korea 强化学校区域政策能改善行人安全吗？基于深度学习的韩国乌山市案例研究

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105505

Zhixiong Jin , Wonjun No , Byeongjoon Noh

This study investigates the effectiveness of strengthened penalty policies in South Korean school zones by analyzing the changes in road users' behaviors, focusing on pedestrian-vehicle interactions. This study employed three surrogate safety measurements: vehicle speed, Pedestrian Safety Margins (PSM), and Predicted Collision Risk (PCR) level. The comprehensive analysis covers a spectrum of behaviors, from simple to complex, assessing the policy's impact in urban environments. The findings reveal several important insights. First, the policy enforcement resulted in a positive impact on vehicle speeds, with average speeds aligning with posted speed limits. Second, an increase was observed in yielding behaviors, particularly in school zones. However, much of this behavior appeared to be cosmetic, emphasizing the need for more safety-oriented yielding practices. Finally, the policy enforcement had a mixed impact on PCR levels, with a reduction in danger levels in school zones, yet an unexpected increase in danger levels in non-school zones. This study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of strengthened penalty policies in school zones, particularly the development of a safe and sustainable urban environment.

本研究通过分析道路使用者行为的变化，调查了韩国学校区域强化处罚政策的有效性，重点关注行人与车辆之间的互动。本研究采用了三种替代安全测量方法：车辆速度、行人安全边际（PSM）和预测碰撞风险（PCR）水平。综合分析涵盖了从简单到复杂的一系列行为，评估了该政策在城市环境中的影响。研究结果揭示了几个重要的见解。首先，该政策的实施对车速产生了积极影响，平均车速与公布的限速一致。其次，观察到礼让行为有所增加，尤其是在学校区域。不过，这种行为大多是表面现象，强调了需要采取更加注重安全的让行做法。最后，政策执行对 PCR 水平的影响好坏参半，学校区域的危险水平有所降低，但非学校区域的危险水平却意外上升。这项研究对加强学校区域处罚政策的有效性，特别是对安全和可持续城市环境的发展提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Government-led regional integration and economic growth: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment of urban agglomeration development planning policies in China 政府主导的区域一体化与经济增长：来自中国城市群发展规划政策准自然实验的证据

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105482

Lin Guo , Maogang Tang , Yuming Wu , Shuming Bao , Qingshan Wu

Despite urban agglomeration plays a pivotal role in bolstering economic growth in developing countries, the specific mechanism of government-led regional integration in China impacting this growth has been understudied in the literature. This study innovatively uncovers such intricate mechanisms particularly focusing on industries and urban functions division, diversified agglomeration externalities, and urban network externalities within China's urban agglomerations. Our holistic framework integrating cooperation, sharing, matching, and learning mechanisms offers insights into their synergistic impact on economic growth. Drawing upon a quasi-natural experiment of urban agglomeration development planning policies in China, we employed a multi-period difference-in-difference model to examine the impact and underlying mechanisms of regional integration on economic growth. The robust benchmark outcomes reveal that government-led regional integration can notably promote urban economic growth. These promotion effects differ in terms of urban administrative level and the quantity and quality of central cities within urban agglomerations. Mechanism analysis findings illustrate that government-led regional integration can facilitate industries and urban functions division, foster diversified agglomeration and urban network externalities that, in turn, stimulate regional economic growth. Ultimately, we recommended that policymakers should intensify efforts to advance regional integration by enhancing common physical and institutional infrastructure.

尽管城市群在促进发展中国家经济增长方面发挥着举足轻重的作用，但有关中国由政府主导的区域一体化对经济增长的具体影响机制的文献研究一直不足。本研究创新性地揭示了这种错综复杂的机制，尤其关注中国城市群内部的产业和城市功能分工、多元化集聚外部性和城市网络外部性。我们的整体框架整合了合作、共享、匹配和学习机制，有助于深入了解它们对经济增长的协同影响。借鉴中国城市群发展规划政策的准自然实验，我们采用多期差分模型考察了区域一体化对经济增长的影响及其内在机制。稳健的基准结果显示，政府主导的区域一体化能够显著促进城市经济增长。这些促进作用因城市行政级别、城市群内中心城市的数量和质量而异。机制分析结果表明，政府主导的区域一体化可以促进产业和城市功能分工，促进多元化集聚和城市网络外部性，进而刺激区域经济增长。最后，我们建议决策者应加大力度，通过加强共同的物质和制度基础设施来推进区域一体化。

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引用次数: 0

The relationship of the city centre to its surroundings: Correlations between urban spatial structures and inhabitants' frequency of city-centre visits in four Norwegian cities 市中心与周边环境的关系：挪威四个城市的城市空间结构与居民访问市中心频率之间的关系

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105499

Oddrun Helen Hagen

Many cities seek to strengthen their city centre, and this paper contributes valuable insights for planners and decision-makers in this quest. Taking a comparative case-study approach, the study examines the assumed causal relations between urban spatial structures and the frequency of city-centre visits in four Norwegian cities with 22,400–56,000 inhabitants. The survey data show that many inhabitants visit the city centre once or more per week. The cross-case and context-sensitive case-by-case analyses shed light on a complex, context-dependent relationship between city-centre visits and the explanatory variables. Both land-use structures and the transport system influenced how often the respondents visited their city centre. The effect of competing retail and service destinations may be amplified or counteracted by spatial structural variables and the appreciation of the city centre, an influence that is pivotal for the frequency of visits. The study confirms the often-mentioned explanatory factors of reduced city-centre performance and highlights a complex, fragile, context-dependent relationship. Hence, it advances our understanding of the performance of city centres and how cities' spatial structures establish behavioural conditions.

许多城市都在努力加强市中心的建设，本文为规划者和决策者在这方面的探索提供了有价值的见解。本研究采用比较案例研究的方法，对挪威四个拥有2.24万至5.6万居民的城市的城市空间结构与市中心访问频率之间的假定因果关系进行了研究。调查数据显示，许多居民每周访问市中心一次或多次。交叉分析和对具体情况敏感的个案分析揭示了市中心访问与解释变量之间复杂的、取决于具体情况的关系。土地使用结构和交通系统都会影响受访者访问市中心的频率。空间结构变量和对城市中心的评价可能会放大或抵消竞争性零售和服务目的地的影响，而这种影响对访问频率至关重要。这项研究证实了人们经常提到的城市中心绩效下降的解释因素，并强调了一种复杂、脆弱、依赖环境的关系。因此，它加深了我们对市中心绩效以及城市空间结构如何建立行为条件的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Co-designing the urban energy transition: A resident-based approach 共同设计城市能源转型：基于居民的方法

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105506

Lars Vikström , Kristina Ek , Andrea Luciani , Agatino Rizzo

The high ambitions for renewable carbon technologies, increasing electricity demands and technological developments will likely open for more small-scale electricity production closer to end users in cities and urbanized areas. This paper seeks to understand how participatory design methods and the integration of renewable energy techniques like photovoltaics can contribute to more democratic, sustainable, and livable urban planning in the age of energy transition. Data was analysed through participatory design workshops in a suburban district in the north of Sweden, with residents living and working there, and with stakeholders from the municipality and the local energy company. The results of the resident design workshop indicate a significant reservoir of knowledge and creative ability among the participants. It emphasizes the importance of bringing people together to share their opinions and ideas for a more democratic planning in the built environment. The stakeholder workshop indicates that co-operations between multiple stakeholders and the development of participatory methods are essential for addressing the problematic issues associated with e.g., building regulations and community shared electricity. Fostering collaboration, and promoting inclusive decision-making, can lead to more effective and sustainable practices, better regulatory frameworks, and improved outcomes for communities.

对可再生碳技术的殷切期望、日益增长的电力需求和技术发展，都可能为更多小型电力生产提供机会，使其更接近城市和城市化地区的终端用户。本文试图了解在能源转型时代，参与式设计方法和光伏等可再生能源技术的整合如何有助于实现更加民主、可持续和宜居的城市规划。本文通过在瑞典北部的一个郊区举办参与式设计研讨会，与在那里生活和工作的居民以及市政府和当地能源公司的利益相关者进行了数据分析。居民设计研讨会的结果表明，参与者拥有丰富的知识和创新能力。它强调了将人们聚集在一起，分享他们的意见和想法，以更加民主的方式规划建筑环境的重要性。利益相关者研讨会表明，多方利益相关者之间的合作以及参与式方法的发展对于解决与建筑法规和社区共享电力等相关的问题至关重要。促进合作，推动包容性决策，可以带来更有效、更可持续的做法、更好的监管框架，并为社区带来更好的成果。

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引用次数: 0

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