Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106771
Zhi-An Hu , Wei Huang , Wei Luo , Wuyue You , Chuanchuan Zhang
China's land decollectivization reform implemented around 1980 expanded the agricultural and nonagricultural sectors in rural areas and thereby increased the opportunity cost of schooling for teenagers. Combining the staggered adoption of the reform across regions with individual life history data, we show that teenagers substituted out of school and into agricultural and nonagricultural work following the reform. Using population census data, we further show that teenage exposure to the reform reduced the probability of completing high school by 2.0–2.2 percentage points, the probability of nonagricultural employment by 1.5–1.6 percentage points, and income by 3.6–4.7 percent.
{"title":"The educational and labor market consequences of teenage exposure to rural land decollectivization in China","authors":"Zhi-An Hu , Wei Huang , Wei Luo , Wuyue You , Chuanchuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China's land decollectivization reform implemented around 1980 expanded the agricultural and nonagricultural sectors in rural areas and thereby increased the opportunity cost of schooling for teenagers. Combining the staggered adoption of the reform across regions with individual life history data, we show that teenagers substituted out of school and into agricultural and nonagricultural work following the reform. Using population census data, we further show that teenage exposure to the reform reduced the probability of completing high school by 2.0–2.2 percentage points, the probability of nonagricultural employment by 1.5–1.6 percentage points, and income by 3.6–4.7 percent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106771"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106754
Luigi Boggian , Joan E. Madia , Francesco Moscone , Cristina E. Orso
This study investigates opioid prescription patterns among immigrants and native populations in Spain, using novel patient health records from the Base de Datos Clínicos de Atención Primaria (BDCAP). We examined two subsets of data from 2017 and 2018, specifically targeting individuals diagnosed with musculoskeletal (MSK) issues and new cancer diagnoses, as these conditions frequently involve pain management. Our empirical analysis involved estimating a series of linear and count data models to explore the relationship between regions of origin, socioeconomic factors, and the probability of opioid use, controlling for a rich set of health conditions, and primary care centers fixed effects. Despite previously documented healthcare inequities, Spain demonstrates no major differences in opioid prescriptions between immigrants and natives, highlighting the effectiveness of its National Health Service (NHS). This contrasts sharply with the opioid crises in the United States and Canada. The absence of significant disparities underscores the importance of comprehensive healthcare systems and stringent regulations on opioid prescribing practices, as observed in European guidelines. Policy implications include the need to maintain and strengthen public healthcare systems to ensure equitable access to essential medications like opioids and to continue monitoring and regulating opioid prescribing practices to safeguard public health.
{"title":"Immigrant status and likelihood of opioid treatment. Lessons from Spain’s National Health Service","authors":"Luigi Boggian , Joan E. Madia , Francesco Moscone , Cristina E. Orso","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates opioid prescription patterns among immigrants and native populations in Spain, using novel patient health records from the <em>Base de Datos Clínicos de Atención Primaria</em> (BDCAP). We examined two subsets of data from 2017 and 2018, specifically targeting individuals diagnosed with musculoskeletal (MSK) issues and new cancer diagnoses, as these conditions frequently involve pain management. Our empirical analysis involved estimating a series of linear and count data models to explore the relationship between regions of origin, socioeconomic factors, and the probability of opioid use, controlling for a rich set of health conditions, and primary care centers fixed effects. Despite previously documented healthcare inequities, Spain demonstrates no major differences in opioid prescriptions between immigrants and natives, highlighting the effectiveness of its National Health Service (NHS). This contrasts sharply with the opioid crises in the United States and Canada. The absence of significant disparities underscores the importance of comprehensive healthcare systems and stringent regulations on opioid prescribing practices, as observed in European guidelines. Policy implications include the need to maintain and strengthen public healthcare systems to ensure equitable access to essential medications like opioids and to continue monitoring and regulating opioid prescribing practices to safeguard public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 106754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106764
Takashi Kurosaki , Saumik Paul , Firman Witoelar
This study examines whether strategic delegation of land tenancy contracts is linked to local-level political business cycles in the context of a village institution – bengkok land – prevalent since the Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia. Bengkok land refers to communal village land that incumbent village heads receive usufruct rights over until their term in the office ends. We test whether incumbent village heads utilize time-bound access to bengkok land for political consolidation. Based on a novel cross-sectional household survey fielded in 2018 across 130 Javanese villages, we find robust evidence of a positive correlation between the percentage of total tenancy contracts as sharecropping and proximity (before or after) to the village election. As vulnerability of the sharecroppers makes them a pro-poor target for the incumbent village heads, these results implicate political capture.
{"title":"In pursuit of power: Land tenancy contracts and local political business cycles in Indonesia","authors":"Takashi Kurosaki , Saumik Paul , Firman Witoelar","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines whether strategic delegation of land tenancy contracts is linked to local-level political business cycles in the context of a village institution – <em>bengkok land</em> – prevalent since the Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia. <em>Bengkok land</em> refers to communal village land that incumbent village heads receive usufruct rights over until their term in the office ends. We test whether incumbent village heads utilize time-bound access to bengkok land for political consolidation. Based on a novel cross-sectional household survey fielded in 2018 across 130 Javanese villages, we find robust evidence of a positive correlation between the percentage of total tenancy contracts as sharecropping and proximity (before or after) to the village election. As vulnerability of the sharecroppers makes them a pro-poor target for the incumbent village heads, these results implicate political capture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 106764"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106761
Spencer Barnes , Brandon Mendez , Andrew Schrowang
This study utilizes the art market as an exogenous setting to explore how an increase in price uncertainty (i.e., the death of an artist) impacts the accuracy and forecast error of analysts’ estimates. We find that in the year following an artist's death, analysts’ accuracy decreases by 14% and their forecast error increases by 11%. Additional analysis indicates that the effect is due to a decrease in the estimation range, an increase in the forecast bias of analysts, and an increase in the price volatility of the artwork. These findings suggest that analysts perform poorly following an increase in uncertainty which is pertinent for asset markets.
{"title":"Analysts’ accuracy following an increase in uncertainty: Evidence from the art market","authors":"Spencer Barnes , Brandon Mendez , Andrew Schrowang","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study utilizes the art market as an exogenous setting to explore how an increase in price uncertainty (i.e., the death of an artist) impacts the accuracy and forecast error of analysts’ estimates. We find that in the year following an artist's death, analysts’ accuracy decreases by 14% and their forecast error increases by 11%. Additional analysis indicates that the effect is due to a decrease in the estimation range, an increase in the forecast bias of analysts, and an increase in the price volatility of the artwork. These findings suggest that analysts perform poorly following an increase in uncertainty which is pertinent for asset markets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106761"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106757
Philipp Daniel Händel , Dorothy Birungi Namuyiga
Risk decisions by fishers are often accompanied by certain or uncertain externalities. However, the consideration of these externalities in their risk decisions has received little attention so far. In this study, we investigate how resource users incorporate certain or uncertain externalities into their risk decisions. We do this by conducting a lab-in-the-field experiment with Ugandan fishers at Lake Victoria. The fishers make a financially relevant risk decision with different levels of certainty about how a risky decision affects the income of a second fisher. In the treatments, a risky decision has either no impact, a possible positive or negative impact, a possible negative or no impact, or a certain negative impact on the other fisher's income. Our results show that fishers take significantly less risk when risky decisions have a certain negative effect on the income of another fisher than when they have no effect and the other fisher receives a fixed income. They also show that risk-taking only increases significantly compared to individual risk decisions when fishers know the other fisher's income but their risk decision has no impact on it.
{"title":"Impact of externalities on fishers' risk-taking decisions: Evidence from an experimental study at Lake Victoria, Uganda","authors":"Philipp Daniel Händel , Dorothy Birungi Namuyiga","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Risk decisions by fishers are often accompanied by certain or uncertain externalities. However, the consideration of these externalities in their risk decisions has received little attention so far. In this study, we investigate how resource users incorporate certain or uncertain externalities into their risk decisions. We do this by conducting a lab-in-the-field experiment with Ugandan fishers at Lake Victoria. The fishers make a financially relevant risk decision with different levels of certainty about how a risky decision affects the income of a second fisher. In the treatments, a risky decision has either no impact, a possible positive or negative impact, a possible negative or no impact, or a certain negative impact on the other fisher's income. Our results show that fishers take significantly less risk when risky decisions have a certain negative effect on the income of another fisher than when they have no effect and the other fisher receives a fixed income. They also show that risk-taking only increases significantly compared to individual risk decisions when fishers know the other fisher's income but their risk decision has no impact on it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 106757"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106711
Paola Bertoli , Veronica Grembi
Using daily observations from Spain during the period 2003 to 2016, we leverage the solar rotation of Ramadan days to assess its impact on occupational injuries involving Muslim workers (i.e. first generation immigrants). Compared to non-Muslim first generation immigrants, we show a decrease by 4% in injuries for Muslim workers. We investigate the effects on labor market and find significant changes at the extensive margin (lower employment probability, fewer employment contracts signed) as well as in working conditions. Additionally, we show that the effect is stronger when Ramadan is more harsh (longer fasting day duration). Based on our results, it appears that reconciling religious practices with working schedules in a systematic way, may help to reduce the health and productivity costs associated to injuries.
{"title":"The Ramadan effect in the workplace","authors":"Paola Bertoli , Veronica Grembi","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using daily observations from Spain during the period 2003 to 2016, we leverage the solar rotation of Ramadan days to assess its impact on occupational injuries involving Muslim workers (<em>i.e.</em> first generation immigrants). Compared to non-Muslim first generation immigrants, we show a decrease by 4% in injuries for Muslim workers. We investigate the effects on labor market and find significant changes at the extensive margin (lower employment probability, fewer employment contracts signed) as well as in working conditions. Additionally, we show that the effect is stronger when Ramadan is more harsh (longer fasting day duration). Based on our results, it appears that reconciling religious practices with working schedules in a systematic way, may help to reduce the health and productivity costs associated to injuries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 106711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106759
Björn Brey
Does technological change shape immigration policy in the United States? I argue that if technological change tilts the composition of workers towards manual employment, this leads to a more restrictive immigration policy. A theoretical model and empirical evidence analyzing voting on immigration bills in the House of Representatives supports this. Policy makers representing districts exposed to manual-biased technological change are more likely to support restricting low-skill immigration. Results are confirmed using specific automation technologies: IT capital and industrial robot adoption. The analysis is completed by (i) additional results on trade policy and political polarization, (ii) further stylized evidence on the mechanism.
{"title":"The effect of recent technological change on US immigration policy","authors":"Björn Brey","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Does technological change shape immigration policy in the United States? I argue that if technological change tilts the composition of workers towards manual employment, this leads to a more restrictive immigration policy. A theoretical model and empirical evidence analyzing voting on immigration bills in the House of Representatives supports this. Policy makers representing districts exposed to manual-biased technological change are more likely to support restricting low-skill immigration. Results are confirmed using specific automation technologies: IT capital and industrial robot adoption. The analysis is completed by (i) additional results on trade policy and political polarization, (ii) further stylized evidence on the mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 106759"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106716
Janne Tukiainen , Sebastian Blesse , Albrecht Bohne , Leonardo M. Giuffrida , Jan Jääskeläinen , Ari Luukinen , Antti Sieppi
While effective bureaucracy is crucial for state capacity, its decision-making remains a black box. We elicit preferences of 900+ real-world public procurement officials in Finland and Germany. This is an important pursuit as they report having sizeable discretion and minimal extrinsic incentives. Through conjoint experiments, we identify the relative importance of multiple features of procurement outcomes. Officials prioritize avoiding unexpectedly high prices over seeking low prices. Avoiding winners with prior bad performance is the most important feature. Officials avoid very low competition, while litigation risks and regional favoritism matter less. Preferences and office interests appear well-aligned among bureaucrats.
{"title":"What are the priorities of bureaucrats? Evidence from conjoint experiments with procurement officials","authors":"Janne Tukiainen , Sebastian Blesse , Albrecht Bohne , Leonardo M. Giuffrida , Jan Jääskeläinen , Ari Luukinen , Antti Sieppi","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While effective bureaucracy is crucial for state capacity, its decision-making remains a black box. We elicit preferences of 900+ real-world public procurement officials in Finland and Germany. This is an important pursuit as they report having sizeable discretion and minimal extrinsic incentives. Through conjoint experiments, we identify the relative importance of multiple features of procurement outcomes. Officials prioritize avoiding unexpectedly high prices over seeking low prices. Avoiding winners with prior bad performance is the most important feature. Officials avoid very low competition, while litigation risks and regional favoritism matter less. Preferences and office interests appear well-aligned among bureaucrats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 106716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106760
Iuliia Naidenova , Petr Parshakov , Igor Tylkin , Gleb Vasiliev
This paper explores the phenomenon of choking under pressure within the context of esports, particularly focusing on the difference between online and live competitive settings and on high-pressure situations during overtime rounds. Employing a quasi-experimental design, the research leverages an extensive dataset covering professional CS:GO matches from 2012 to 2022 (match-level) and from 2015 to 2023 (round-level), including performance metrics such as players' ratings, headshot percentages, and teammate damage. The findings indicate a substantial decrease in the performance of esports players during overtime. This effect, however, is significantly mitigated in online competitions compared to live events. The study also reveals that while individual performance suffers under pressure, the impact on team coordination is less pronounced in online settings, suggesting that the virtual environment might offer a buffer against the negative effects of stress on team dynamics. This study enriches our understanding of performance psychology in digital settings but also opens up new avenues for research on stress, teamwork, and performance in professional and virtual environments.
{"title":"Choking under pressure in online and live esports competitions","authors":"Iuliia Naidenova , Petr Parshakov , Igor Tylkin , Gleb Vasiliev","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the phenomenon of choking under pressure within the context of esports, particularly focusing on the difference between online and live competitive settings and on high-pressure situations during overtime rounds. Employing a quasi-experimental design, the research leverages an extensive dataset covering professional CS:GO matches from 2012 to 2022 (match-level) and from 2015 to 2023 (round-level), including performance metrics such as players' ratings, headshot percentages, and teammate damage. The findings indicate a substantial decrease in the performance of esports players during overtime. This effect, however, is significantly mitigated in online competitions compared to live events. The study also reveals that while individual performance suffers under pressure, the impact on team coordination is less pronounced in online settings, suggesting that the virtual environment might offer a buffer against the negative effects of stress on team dynamics. This study enriches our understanding of performance psychology in digital settings but also opens up new avenues for research on stress, teamwork, and performance in professional and virtual environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 106760"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106747
Ashutosh Thakur , Jonathan Bendor
We model the dynamics of endogenous organizational assignments of people to positions where those being assigned positions can themselves lobby for who gets which position. Internal labor market changes depend on how much individuals value their personal status, organizational output, their friends’ welfare, and the quality of their departmental colleagues. We show that an organization converges to the meritocratic, efficient assignment of people to positions by a combination of agents valuing organizational output and restrictions on the scale of reorganization. However, concentrated decision-making power, lax restrictions on agenda-setting protocols, certain friendship networks, and department/team structures can hinder such paths of reshuffling.
{"title":"Endogenous reorganization: Status, productivity & meritocratic dynamics","authors":"Ashutosh Thakur , Jonathan Bendor","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We model the dynamics of endogenous organizational assignments of people to positions where those being assigned positions can themselves lobby for who gets which position. Internal labor market changes depend on how much individuals value their personal status, organizational output, their friends’ welfare, and the quality of their departmental colleagues. We show that an organization converges to the meritocratic, efficient assignment of people to positions by a combination of agents valuing organizational output and restrictions on the scale of reorganization. However, concentrated decision-making power, lax restrictions on agenda-setting protocols, certain friendship networks, and department/team structures can hinder such paths of reshuffling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 106747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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