Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization最新文献

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Theory-of-mind ability and cooperation

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106895

Garret Ridinger , Michael McBride

The ability to accurately assess others’ intents, beliefs, and emotions—called Theory of Mind (ToM)—is important for social cooperation. We study the role of ToM ability in fostering cooperation in the Simultaneous and Sequential Prisoners Dilemma (PD) games. We theoretically examine multiple models of social preferences and find that the relationship between ToM ability and cooperation is complex and sensitive to subtle changes in context such as population characteristics, beliefs, and the sequencing of moves. To resolve the theoretical uncertainty, we conduct a series of experiments to test how ToM influences cooperation in one-shot PD interactions. We find that differences in ToM ability are not correlated with cooperation in Simultaneous PD, but that higher ToM ability is correlated with increased cooperation in Sequential PD. Moreover, ToM ability affects cooperation via accuracy in beliefs about others’ cooperativeness rather than an association with fixed preference traits. Finally, we show that when direct inference of emotional states is possible, individuals with high ToM ability are better at recognizing the potential cooperativeness of others, thereby enabling a payoff advantage to having high ToM. Overall, our paper demonstrates how individual-level differences in ToM help to explain differences in cooperativeness.

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引用次数: 0

Taking from charity? Political contributions and the market for charitable funds

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106877

Stephanie Karol

How do charities respond to cyclical increases in competition from political campaigns? This paper is the first to estimate the elasticity of charities’ fundraising expenses to political contributions, and the first to use charity-level data to estimate the cross-elasticity of private charitable giving to political contributions. When political donations rise, they lead the average charity to cut back on fundraising. This is costly: political contributions crowd out private charitable giving at a rate of $0.37 per dollar. After netting out the negative effect of political contributions on fundraising, political giving crowds charitable giving in, rather than out. Substantial heterogeneity is documented across cause areas.

引用次数: 0

From me to we: Beating procrastination in teams

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106900

Anujit Chakraborty , Guidon Fenig

Can team incentives increase workers’ productivity and decrease procrastination in intertemporal tasks? We recruited 597 online workers to engage in tedious tasks over three days. They were randomly assigned to either individualistic (Solo) incentives or to one of two team-based incentives (Cooperative and Competitive). Contrary to theoretical predictions, workers under Cooperative incentives surpassed the performance of those working under either Solo or Competitive incentives. Productivity on Day 1, which in theory should inversely relate to procrastination, was also significantly higher in both team treatments. Our structural analysis confirms that teams increase productivity by enhancing intrinsic motivation and by reducing the tendency to delay work. Finally, teams increase productivity further under Competitive incentives, when workers can observe and react to the efforts of their team members.

引用次数: 0

Pandemics and intergenerational mobility in education: Evidence from the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic in China

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106907

Minhee Chae , Wenquan Liang , Sen Xue

This paper examines the impact of the 2003 SARS epidemic on student academic and labour market outcomes. Using data from the 2010 Chinese census and variations in SARS cases across cities, we conduct a difference-in-differences analysis. Our findings indicate that among those who took the college entrance exam in 2003 during the epidemic, SARS hurts the performance of students from less educated families but benefits students from higher educated families, which increases educational inequality and lowers intergenerational mobility in education. This effect is stronger for female students and for admission to four-year bachelor programmes. Furthermore, we find suggestive evidence that SARS significantly increases the likelihood of children from more educated families having more prestigious jobs and earning higher incomes in the medium run. The mechanism analysis reveals that the adverse effect of SARS is not significant in more educated families because better-educated mothers increase their engagement in children's academic activities during the epidemic, which may make up for education loss during the period.

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引用次数: 0

Television exposure in early childhood and subsequent cognitive outcomes: Evidence from rural China

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106878

Lin Zhang , Wenli Xu

This study estimates the effect of television exposure in early childhood on subsequent cognitive outcomes using data from rural China. Exploiting the variations in the year of television access at the village level and children’s birth year, this study employs an extended two-way fixed effects (ETWFE) approach introduced by Wooldridge (2021). Baseline estimates, which are robust to staggered treatments, show that cognitive scores at ages 10–15 are significantly improved by full television exposure in early childhood (ages 0-5). Furthermore, there is suggestive evidence that this effect could be explained by the direct channel through which television enhances general knowledge level.

引用次数: 0

A behavioral model of consumer response to price information

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106872

Daniele Pennesi

This paper introduces a model of choice that captures heuristics and reference dependence in consumers’ responses to price information. In the model, a product’s quality is positively distorted when its price is close to the reference price. The model is consistent with a kinked and upward-sloping demand curve. The price and cross-price elasticities of demand can be positive or negative, asymmetric, and product-dependent. The model provides an explanation for quality-dependent price stickiness, justifies the adoption of complex pricing strategies, and allows for the derivation of closed-form expressions for the optimal price and reference price set by a monopolist. The model is fully characterized by testable restrictions on demand data, offering a method for identifying the reference price.

引用次数: 0

Business drinking: Evidence from a lab-in-the-field experiment

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106881

Jianxin Wang , Daniel Houser

Alcohol consumption is an important component of business negotiations across many cultures, yet this behavior remains unmodeled and its potential explanations untested. Here, we develop a theory that combines guilt-aversion with the canonical alcohol myopia framework. Our GAAM (guilt aversion and alcohol myopia) model predicts that intoxication increases promise-making, and will not decrease rate of promise-breaking. We test these predictions using a Prisoner's Dilemma game with pre-play communication in a lab-in-the-field experiment. Among males, we find behavior consistent with predictions: intoxication promotes promise-making but does not impact the rate at which promises are broken. Importantly, this implies intoxication increases the efficiency of communication. We do not observe intoxication to impact female promise-making or promise-breaking behaviors. This is consistent with previous empirical findings that females can display less sensitivity than males to alcohol-induced myopia. Our results provide an explanation for the widespread phenomenon of business drinking.

引用次数: 0

Does credit expansion encourage small businesses to incorporate? Evidence from US bank deregulations

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106880

Jiantao Ma , Anindo Sarker , Bulent Unel

We use state-level bank deregulations to study the impact of changes in credit on incorporation among unincorporated self-employed business owners. Exploiting the variation in the staggered timing of banking deregulations and using the recent advances in difference-in-differences (DiD) estimation techniques, we find that banking reforms considerably increased unincorporated businesses to incorporate. Further, the effects of reforms are different across groups based on gender, race, education, and age. We find stronger effects on incorporated business creation among female, less-educated, and younger unincorporated business owners. Our results are robust to the choice of controls, samples, and estimation approaches.

引用次数: 0

The poor, the rich and the middle class: Experimental evidence from heterogeneous public good games

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106913

Daniel W. Derbyshire , Michalis Drouvelis , Brit Grosskopf

This study sheds light on how different sources of inequality can affect cooperation in public good games. We present the results of one-shot and repeated public good experiments that seek to understand the interaction between the endowment and marginal return in heterogeneous groups. Our focus is on situations where endowments and marginal returns are either inversely or proportionally related. While two normatively appealing contribution rules are aligned in the proportional treatment, a conflict arises in the inverse treatment. In the one-shot experiment, we do not find significant differences across treatments. Contributions increase when the endowment, the marginal return or both increase. This is observed in all treatments except when endowment and marginal return are inversely related. Then the ‘middle class’ participants (those with medium endowment and marginal return) contribute more than both the high and low endowment types, mirroring real world observations of a ‘squeezed middle’. This suggests a conflict between the highly endowed subjects (but with low marginal return) and those with a high marginal return (but with low endowment). This pattern is similar when eliciting beliefs about others’ contributions - the two conflicting types expect others to contribute more than they do themselves. The novel treatments are repeated for 15 periods in a subsequent experiment to investigate potential convergence and dynamics. The results are similar to those of the one-shot interaction.

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引用次数: 0

Framing effects in consumer expectations surveys

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106899

Lora Pavlova

In a randomized survey experiment, I test how variations in question wording and format influence response behavior. Participants from a representative sample in Germany are divided into four groups, each receiving a different version of a question about expected inflation over the next 12 months. I compare two wordings used in leading consumer surveys: (i) the change in prices in general and (ii) the inflation rate. Additionally, I examine responses to a question about probabilistic beliefs regarding future inflation and a simpler one asking for the expected minimum, maximum, and most likely inflation rate. The findings show that response behavior varies significantly with framing. Simpler wording like ‘prices in general’ and less restrictive format produce higher mean expected inflation. While simpler wording leads to higher individual uncertainty, asking for the minimum, maximum, and mode yields lower uncertainty. The results suggest that framing in consumer expectations surveys can shape the elicited data, underscoring the importance of careful question design.

引用次数: 0

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