Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization最新文献

英文中文

Optimal information disclosure in competing contests with budget constrained players 预算约束参与方竞争中的最优信息披露

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107392

Anastasia Antsygina

This paper studies optimal information disclosure in two competing contests where contestants face a constraint on their total effort contribution, or budget. The contestants are ex ante uninformed about the value of the prize to be allocated in one of the contests. Before the game starts, the designer of a contest with the unknown prize value chooses a public disclosure rule that maximizes the total effort exerted in her competition, and commits to it. We find that the optimal disclosure rule is generally not unique and can reveal (at least some) information to the contestants. In the absence of competition for effort among contests, the size of the budget has a non-monotonic effect on the designer’s incentives to share information. When competition for effort is at place, the designer’s incentives to share information decline with the size of the budget, which is driven by the substitution effect that forces contestants to reallocate their effort towards a competition with a higher perceived prize.

本文研究了两个竞争竞赛中参赛者面临总努力贡献或预算约束的最优信息披露问题。参赛者事先不知道将在其中一场比赛中分配的奖品的价值。在游戏开始前，奖励值未知的竞赛的设计者选择一个能使其在竞赛中付出的总努力最大化的公开披露规则，并承诺遵守。我们发现，最优披露规则通常不是唯一的，并且可以向参赛者透露（至少一些）信息。在不存在竞争的情况下，预算的大小对设计师分享信息的动机具有非单调的影响。当存在努力竞争时，设计师分享信息的动机会随着预算规模而下降，这是由替代效应驱动的，迫使参赛者重新分配他们的努力，以获得更高的感知奖励。

引用次数: 0

Time preferences, rates of return, and real-world investment decisions 时间偏好、回报率和现实世界的投资决策

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107396

Scott Fulford , Cortnie Shupe

Time preferences are central to all welfare analyses involving intertemporal tradeoffs. We use a model with endogenous interest rates to study the relationship between underlying time preferences and the interest rates people pay. The model suggests that bad shocks push people to pay higher rates than normal, so a single measurement of a preference for “money earlier or later” (MEL) provides little information on underlying preferences. We use several surveys associated with a panel of respondents’ credit bureau records to compare MEL responses to actual borrowing and saving behavior. While people who are paying higher interest rates do tend to prefer money earlier, the relationship is weak; we strongly reject the hypothesis that survey participants directly respond to MEL questions through comparison to their real-world rates of return on investments. As predicted by the model, negative shocks induce people to borrow more, want money earlier, and pay higher interest rates. Borrowing behavior appears to quickly mean revert, however. We propose an alternative approach to measuring time preferences that uses repeated observations of interest rates in large financial data sets.

时间偏好是所有涉及跨期权衡的福利分析的核心。我们使用一个具有内生利率的模型来研究潜在时间偏好与人们支付的利率之间的关系。该模型表明，糟糕的冲击促使人们比正常情况下支付更高的利率，因此，对“提前或晚付款”（MEL）偏好的单一测量几乎不能提供潜在偏好的信息。我们使用几项与受访者的信用局记录小组相关的调查来比较MEL反应与实际借贷和储蓄行为。虽然支付较高利率的人确实倾向于更早地选择金钱，但这种关系很弱；我们强烈反对调查参与者通过比较他们的真实投资回报率直接回答MEL问题的假设。正如模型所预测的那样，负面冲击促使人们借更多的钱，更早地想要钱，并支付更高的利率。然而，借贷行为似乎很快就意味着回归。我们提出了另一种测量时间偏好的方法，该方法使用对大型金融数据集中利率的重复观察。

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引用次数: 0

Team production on the battlefield: Evidence from NATO in Afghanistan 战场上的团队生产：来自阿富汗北约的证据

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107385

Thiemo Fetzer , Oliver Vanden Eynde , Austin L. Wright

Managing military operations across and between teams of partner nations remains a first-order challenge to security and development during conflict. NATO, under the umbrella of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), brought together troops from 28 countries to help enhance security provision in Afghanistan. ISAF units were given responsibility for specific operational units. The assignment of responsibilities to different national armed forces could lead to coordination problems. We explore whether the provision of security is affected by horizontal frictions (when different countries are responsible for different sides of borders) or vertical frictions (when different countries control different levels of the operational hierarchy). We find that both horizontal frictions and vertical frictions are also associated with higher levels of insurgent violence. They also reduce military support activities, including aid projects and patrol activity. These findings indicate that misalignment between units within military organizations can undermine the effectiveness of security and development interventions during war.

在冲突期间，管理伙伴国家之间的军事行动仍然是对安全和发展的首要挑战。在国际安全援助部队（ISAF）的保护下，北约召集了来自28个国家的部队，帮助加强阿富汗的安全保障。安援部队各单位负责具体的行动单位。将责任分配给不同的国家武装部队可能导致协调问题。我们探讨安全的提供是否受到横向摩擦（当不同的国家负责边界的不同方面时）或垂直摩擦（当不同的国家控制不同的操作层次时）的影响。我们发现水平摩擦和垂直摩擦也与更高水平的叛乱暴力有关。他们还减少了军事支持活动，包括援助项目和巡逻活动。这些发现表明，军事组织内各单位之间的不协调可能会破坏战争期间安全和发展干预措施的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Epidemics and climate change: Disease containment or climate mitigation? 流行病与气候变化：控制疾病还是减缓气候变化？

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107389

Simone Marsiglio , Tatyana Perevalova , Marco Tolotti

We analyze the mutual relation between infectious diseases, climate change and economic capability, focusing on the role of individual decisions and public measures. Climate change favors the spread of novel communicable diseases which determine the size of the healthy workforce; healthy workers are the input in the economic production process which generate polluting emissions; polluting emissions are the main driver of carbon concentration ultimately driving climate change. Individuals’ decisions to comply with social distancing regulations as well as income taxation to finance disease treatment and emissions abatement jointly determine epidemiological and compliance dynamics. We show that according to the specific parametrization a broad variety of possible outcomes may arise, such as the coexistence of multiple stable equilibria, path dependency and metastable transitions. We assess the relative desirability of public policies aiming to speed up recovery or to reduce environmental degradation, showing that in a COVID-like disease parametrization it may be convenient to achieve full carbon neutrality to reduce the climate-induced risk of new epidemic outbreaks.

我们分析了传染病、气候变化和经济能力之间的相互关系，重点关注个人决策和公共措施的作用。气候变化有利于新型传染病的传播，这决定了健康劳动力的规模；健康工人是产生污染排放的经济生产过程中的投入；污染排放是碳浓度的主要驱动因素，最终导致气候变化。个人遵守社交距离条例的决定以及为疾病治疗和减排提供资金的所得税，共同决定了流行病学和遵守情况的动态。我们表明，根据特定的参数化，可能出现多种可能的结果，如多个稳定平衡、路径依赖和亚稳态转变的共存。我们评估了旨在加速恢复或减少环境退化的公共政策的相对可取性，结果表明，在类似covid - 19的疾病参数化中，实现完全碳中和以降低气候引起的新流行病爆发的风险可能是方便的。

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引用次数: 0

Seeing risk, seizing opportunity: How perceived political instability affects firm investment 看到风险，抓住机会：政治不稳定如何影响企业投资

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107382

Caroline Perrin , Florian Léon , Francis Osei-Tutu

Does firm managers’ perception of political instability influence firms’ investment decisions? Using a large firm-level survey data of over 147,000 firms operating in 153 countries, we find evidence that a higher perception of political instability is positively related to firms’ investments. This effect is observed both on the extensive margin (likelihood to invest) and intensive margin (amount invested) and for investment in both land and equipment. Perception of political instability also influence how firms finance their investments: firms hold more cash on hand and borrow more from banks when they perceive political instability to be high. We also document that this effect is only observable for small and medium enterprises and those operating in less democratic regimes. The actual level of political instability in a country, however, has no effect on firm investment. Our results are robust to a battery of sensitivity tests.

企业管理者对政治不稳定的感知是否会影响企业的投资决策？通过对153个国家的147,000多家公司的大型企业层面调查数据，我们发现了证据，表明对政治不稳定的较高感知与企业的投资呈正相关。这种效应在粗放边际（投资的可能性）和集约边际（投资的金额）以及土地和设备的投资上都可以观察到。对政治不稳定的看法也会影响企业如何为其投资融资：当企业认为政治不稳定程度较高时，它们手头会持有更多现金，并从银行借入更多资金。我们还证明，这种影响只适用于中小企业和那些在不太民主的政权中经营的企业。然而，一个国家的实际政治不稳定程度对企业投资没有影响。我们的结果在一系列灵敏度测试中是可靠的。

引用次数: 0

Free the period? Evaluating tampon tax reforms using household scanner data 免除例假？使用家庭扫描仪数据评估卫生棉条税改革

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107356

Klara Kinnl, Ulrich Wohak

We study price and volume effects of value-added tax (VAT) reductions for period products. We exploit varying treatment intensities and timing in several European countries and find that prices decrease by 10–13 %. This corresponds to full pass-through 12 months after the VAT reduction. The average effect on aggregate purchase volumes is statistically zero, and we find no evidence that low-income households are disproportionately affected by the reforms. We find homogeneous pass-through for market- and product-level competition measures and provide suggestive evidence that households’ propensity to purchase branded products increases in the months after the tax reform.

我们研究了增值税（VAT）削减对周期产品的价格和数量的影响。我们利用几个欧洲国家不同的治疗强度和时间，发现价格下降了10 - 13%。这对应于增值税减免后12个月的全面传递。对总购买量的平均影响在统计上为零，我们没有发现证据表明低收入家庭受到改革的不成比例的影响。我们发现了市场和产品层面竞争措施的同质传递，并提供了暗含性的证据，表明家庭购买品牌产品的倾向在税制改革后的几个月内增加。

引用次数: 0

Female legislators and forest conservation in India 印度女立法者与森林保护

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107375

Sutirtha Bandyopadhyay , Pranabes Probeshika Dutta , Naveen Hari , Bipasha Maity

Forest conservation is a key strategy for addressing climate change. However, the role of women’s political representation in shaping conservation outcomes remains understudied. This paper examines the causal impact of female legislators on forest cover in India, leveraging a regression discontinuity design based on close mixed-gender electoral races. We find that electing a female legislator increases annual forest cover growth by 6 percentage points, but this effect is concentrated in constituencies reserved for candidates from historically marginalized groups. When we examine forest cover growth over the entire electoral cycle, the positive impact of female legislators is found for all constituencies, but this effect continues to be driven by constituencies reserved for historically disadvantaged communities. These findings suggest that women in political office can significantly influence environmental outcomes, particularly when institutional structures promote the inclusion of underrepresented groups. We argue that differences in environmental preferences and constraints by legislator identity may explain these effects. Our results underscore the importance of legislator identity in shaping environmental governance.

保护森林是应对气候变化的关键战略。然而，妇女政治代表在形成保护成果方面的作用仍未得到充分研究。本文考察了印度女性立法者对森林覆盖的因果影响，利用基于接近混合性别选举的回归不连续设计。我们发现，选出一名女性立法委员会使每年森林覆盖率增长6个百分点，但这种影响主要集中在为历史上被边缘化群体候选人保留的选区。当我们检查整个选举周期的森林覆盖增长时，发现女性立法者对所有选区都有积极影响，但这种影响继续受到历史上处于不利地位的社区保留的选区的推动。这些发现表明，担任政治职务的妇女可以显著影响环境结果，特别是在体制结构促进纳入代表性不足群体的情况下。我们认为，环境偏好和立法者身份约束的差异可以解释这些影响。我们的研究结果强调了立法者身份在塑造环境治理中的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Labor market monopsony and local clubs: Evidence from Indonesia 劳动力市场垄断与地方俱乐部：来自印度尼西亚的证据

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107379

Peter Brummund , Michael D. Makowsky

Participation in social groups ties members to local communities. Employers can capture these benefits as rents when geographically-specific club goods raise the cost of labor mobility. We measure ties to local clubs using the shares of households identifying with a minority religion, enrollment of children in Islamic schools, and membership in secular savings clubs. We identify larger wage markdowns where households have stronger ties to local club goods. Complementarity between labor market concentration and club goods offers an explanation of rising wage markdowns absent increases in concentration, while adding to the difficulty in separating monopsony rents from compensating wage differentials.

参加社会团体将成员与当地社区联系在一起。当特定地域的俱乐部商品提高劳动力流动成本时，雇主可以将这些好处作为租金获得。我们通过认同少数宗教的家庭比例、伊斯兰学校的儿童入学率和世俗储蓄俱乐部的会员人数来衡量与当地俱乐部的联系。我们发现，在家庭与当地俱乐部商品联系更紧密的地方，工资降幅更大。劳动力市场集中度与俱乐部商品之间的互补性，解释了在集中度没有提高的情况下，工资不断下降的原因，同时也增加了将垄断租金与补偿性工资差异区分开来的难度。

引用次数: 0

Gender gaps in academia: The role of children 学术界的性别差距：儿童的角色

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107380

Estefanía Galván, Victoria Tenenbaum

Despite progress in women’s participation in science, significant gender gaps persist in the advancement and consolidation of their academic careers. This paper investigates the effect of parenthood on the academic trajectories of male and female scientists. We combine data from a standardized curriculum system, containing longitudinal information on academic achievements of the full population of researchers in Uruguay, with administrative records of academic positions and childbirth demographics. Using an event study approach around the birth date of the first child, we find that parenthood imposes a significant penalty on scientific productivity of mothers but not on that of fathers. On average mothers productivity declines by 17 %, which is equivalent to publishing three fewer articles than fathers in the ten years following childbirth. This penalty is particularly pronounced for women who had their first child before completing their PhD. Additionally, we provide novel evidence of a child penalty in the number of conference presentations by mothers, primarily driven by a sharp decline in the probability of attending international academic events. As a consequence of these motherhood penalties in academic productivity, we find that fathers are more likely to be promoted to higher academic positions in the years following childbirth. These findings suggest that the unequal impact of parenthood on academic trajectories of male and female researchers is an important source of gender gaps in the scientific field.

尽管妇女在参与科学方面取得了进展，但在提高和巩固她们的学术生涯方面仍然存在显著的性别差距。本文研究了父母身份对男女科学家学术轨迹的影响。我们结合了来自标准化课程系统的数据，其中包含乌拉圭全体研究人员学术成就的纵向信息，以及学术职位和生育人口统计的行政记录。利用第一个孩子出生日期前后的事件研究方法，我们发现为人父母对母亲的科学生产力施加了显著的惩罚，但对父亲的科学生产力没有影响。平均而言，母亲的生产力下降了17%，这相当于在分娩后的十年内，母亲发表的文章比父亲少三篇。对于那些在完成博士学位之前生下第一个孩子的女性来说，这种惩罚尤其明显。此外，我们还提供了新的证据，证明母亲在会议上发言的次数对孩子不利，这主要是由于参加国际学术活动的可能性急剧下降所致。作为母亲对学业生产力的惩罚，我们发现父亲更有可能在孩子出生后的几年里被提升到更高的学术职位。这些发现表明，父母身份对男女研究人员学术轨迹的不平等影响是科学领域性别差距的重要来源。

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Education and market liberal preferences 教育和市场自由主义偏好

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107387

John VC Nye, Maksym Bryukhanov, Cheryl Litman, Sergiy Polyachenko

Nowadays very little attention has been paid to the worldwide and cross-generation stabilitsy of the relationship between education and pro-market preferences. More importantly, does economic development condition the effect of education on pro-market views? Using data from international surveys (WVS, LITS, ESS, ISSP), the Russian national longitudinal survey (RLMS-HSE) and the Russian survey of Trajectories in Education and Careers (TREC), we show that there is a robust positive relationship between education and free market views in most developed and developing countries. Notably, in the former Soviet Union, the link between more education and greater support for liberal market values holds for both the post-Soviet educated young and the old, who presumably received their education under the Soviet Union. Thus, education is not only correlated with higher support for liberal market values worldwide but, even in the case of the USSR with its anti-market educational content, a change in required years of schooling saw an increase in pro-market sentiment among those people affected.

目前，很少有人关注教育与亲市场偏好之间关系的全球和跨代稳定性。更重要的是，经济发展是否会制约教育对亲市场观点的影响？利用国际调查（WVS， LITS， ESS， ISSP），俄罗斯国家纵向调查（RLMS-HSE）和俄罗斯教育和职业轨迹调查（TREC）的数据，我们表明，在大多数发达国家和发展中国家，教育与自由市场观点之间存在强大的正相关关系。值得注意的是，在前苏联，更多的教育和对自由市场价值的更大支持之间的联系，对后苏联时代受过教育的年轻人和老年人都适用，他们可能是在苏联时期接受教育的。因此，教育不仅与世界范围内对自由市场价值的更高支持相关，而且，即使在反市场教育内容的苏联，所需教育年限的变化也会增加受影响人群中支持市场的情绪。

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