Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization最新文献

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Does democratic decision-making process enhance cooperation among children and adolescents? A large-scale lab-in-the-field experiment with students 民主决策过程是否能加强儿童和青少年之间的合作？与学生一起进行的大规模野外实验室实验

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2026.107432

Yexin Zhou 周晔馨 , Siwei Chen 陈思玮 , Jubo Yan 闫巨博

The endogeneity premium refers to the increased cooperation observed when institutional rules are determined through a democratic decision-making process by group members rather than imposed externally. While this phenomenon has been documented among adults, little is known about whether it also appears in children. We investigate this question through a lab-in-the-field public goods experiment with over 1600 student subjects aged 7–17, who participated in a setting where a reward or punishment rule was implemented either through democratic (i.e., endogenously chosen) or non-democratic (i.e., exogenously imposed) decision-making processes. We find that students exhibit substantial cooperation across all settings. Notably, their contributions are significantly higher under exogenously imposed institutions than under endogenously chosen ones, regardless of the rule types (i.e., reward or punishment). We provide explanatory evidence for this observation, suggesting that theoretical frameworks commonly used to explain the endogeneity premium in adult participants may not apply to children. Primary school-aged children may not yet have developed a preference for democratic decision-making and may be more accustomed to top-down rule enforcement. This explanation is further supported by the emergence of the endogeneity premium among adolescent participants, in contrast to its absence in child participants.

内生性溢价指的是，当制度规则是由集团成员通过民主决策过程而不是外部强加时，所观察到的合作增加。虽然这种现象在成年人中有记录，但对于儿童是否也会出现这种情况却知之甚少。我们通过对1600多名年龄在7-17岁的学生进行现场实验室公共物品实验来研究这个问题，这些学生参与了奖惩规则通过民主（即内源性选择）或非民主（即外源性强加）决策过程实施的设置。我们发现学生们在所有情况下都表现出了很强的合作精神。值得注意的是，无论规则类型（即奖励或惩罚）如何，在外部强加的制度下，他们的贡献明显高于内部选择的制度。我们为这一观察结果提供了解释性证据，表明通常用于解释成人参与者内生性溢价的理论框架可能不适用于儿童。小学学龄儿童可能还没有形成对民主决策的偏好，可能更习惯于自上而下的规则执行。这一解释进一步得到了青少年参与者中内生性溢价的出现的支持，而在儿童参与者中则没有。

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引用次数: 0

Norms as a solution to the tragedy of the commons: A co-evolutionary model 规范作为公地悲剧的解决方案：一个共同进化模型

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2026.107433

Fabian Mankat

This paper examines how societies can conserve a common-pool resource (CPR) through the cultural transmission of norms. To this end, we introduce a novel model that endogenizes the formation of behavior, personal, social injunctive, and social descriptive norms, and the resource stock. We find that the resource can persist through (1) asymptotically stable equilibrium points where personal norms and behavior are either homogeneous or heterogeneous across individuals and (2) an asymptotically stable limit cycle where herding causes alternating aggregate behavior and fluctuating resource stocks. We examine the degree of substitutability between two key factors—(a) institutional pressure and (b) social sanctions as a co-determinant of reproductive fitness—for upholding norms and, thus, the CPR. Moreover, we find that, in some cases, an increase in behavioral incentives for not exploiting the resource may, surprisingly, adversely affect resource conservation in the long run by interfering with cultural dynamics.

本文探讨了社会如何通过规范的文化传播来保护公共资源（CPR）。为此，我们引入了一个新的模型，该模型将行为、个人、社会禁令和社会描述性规范以及资源储备的形成内化。我们发现资源可以通过(1)渐近稳定的平衡点，其中个人规范和行为在个体之间是同质或异质的；(2)渐近稳定的极限环，其中羊群导致交替的总行为和波动的资源存量。我们研究了两个关键因素之间的可替代性程度——(a)制度压力和(b)社会制裁作为生殖健康的共同决定因素——以维护规范，因此，CPR。此外，我们发现，在某些情况下，不开发资源的行为激励的增加可能会干扰文化动态，从长远来看对资源保护产生不利影响。

引用次数: 0

When do peers influence preventive health behavior? Evidence from breast cancer screening 同伴什么时候影响预防性健康行为？来自乳腺癌筛查的证据

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107391

Peter Redler , Friederike Johanna Reichel

We analyze the potential for social choice architecture to increase take-up rates of breast cancer check-ups in a large sample of women in Germany. We provide causal evidence that the relative timing of check-up appointments among peers matters for participation: A woman is more likely to participate in breast cancer screening when her peers’ appointments are scheduled shortly before her own. A simple intervention, however, shows that scheduling peers’ appointments on the same day does not affect participation. We discuss possible mechanisms underlying the observed pattern of peer effects and highlight policy implications.

我们分析了社会选择架构在德国大量女性样本中增加乳腺癌检查率的潜力。我们提供了因果证据，证明同伴之间预约检查的相对时间对参与有影响：当她的同伴的预约安排在她自己之前不久时，女性更有可能参加乳腺癌筛查。然而，一个简单的干预表明，将同行的约会安排在同一天并不影响参与。我们讨论了观察到的同伴效应模式的可能机制，并强调了政策含义。

引用次数: 0

Trust in banks: Fostering (Naïve) firm-bank relationships 对银行的信任：培养（Naïve）商行关系

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2026.107431

Jérémie Bertrand , Aurore Burietz , Paul-Olivier Klein

We refine the definition of trust in banking by isolating the role of institution-based trust, defined as trust in banks in general, and look at the effects of variations of institution-based trust on the development of recurring firm-bank relationships. Using U.S. syndicated loan transaction data from 1998 to 2016, we show that borrowers and lenders deploy more intense interpersonal relationships in enhanced trust environments. However, when generally trusted, banks tend to exploit these relationships by reducing their lending commitments and raising loan spreads. This outcome can be attributed to the emergence of a naïve form of interpersonal trust on the part of the borrower.

我们通过孤立机构信任的作用来完善银行信任的定义，将机构信任定义为一般的银行信任，并研究机构信任的变化对反复出现的公司-银行关系发展的影响。利用1998年至2016年的美国银团贷款交易数据，我们发现借款人和贷款人在增强的信任环境中部署了更紧密的人际关系。然而，当人们普遍信任时，银行往往会通过减少贷款承诺和提高贷款利差来利用这些关系。这一结果可归因于借款人出现了naïve形式的人际信任。

引用次数: 0

(Mis)use of power in the ivory tower: Evidence from deans in Chinese universities 象牙塔中的权力滥用：来自中国大学院长的证据

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2026.107419

Yuyu Chen , Ming Fang , Xuan Wang

In a hierarchical academic system, power can distort the allocation of research resources and output ownership. We study the role of power in intellectual property acquisition. Using biographical information on deans in elite universities in China, we find that holding a deanship increases patent applications by 15.2%. Further analysis suggests that the deanship effect is driven by misuse of power rather than ability or research resources. We provide causal evidence by showing that an anti-corruption campaign, which increases the cost of misusing power, substantially reduces the deanship effect. Finally, we find that misusing power distorts resource allocation. Our results highlight the importance of an improved institutional environment in allocating resources toward productive innovation.

在等级制的学术体系中，权力会扭曲研究资源和产出所有权的分配。我们研究了权力在知识产权获取中的作用。利用中国精英大学院长的简历信息，我们发现拥有院长职位会使专利申请增加15.2%。进一步的分析表明，院长效应是由滥用权力而不是能力或研究资源驱动的。我们提供了因果证据，表明反腐败运动增加了滥用权力的成本，大大降低了院长效应。最后，我们发现权力滥用扭曲了资源配置。我们的研究结果强调了改善制度环境在为生产创新配置资源方面的重要性。

引用次数: 0

Gender differences in willingness to guess revisited: Heterogeneity in a high stakes professional setting 猜测意愿的性别差异：高风险专业环境中的异质性

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2026.107415

Marina Díez-Rituerto , Javier Gardeazabal , Nagore Iriberri , Pedro Rey-Biel

Multiple choice question tests are often the gateway to important professional outcomes. We study gender differences in willingness to guess among highly skilled and trained candidates in a high stakes multiple choice question test, before and after a reduction in the number of alternative answers to each question, lowering the penalty for incorrect answers to the critical value, i.e, the one yielding zero expected value upon uniform beliefs. We find heterogeneous gender differences, replicate the previous finding that women answer fewer questions than men, and conclude that reducing the number of alternative answers levels the field for men and women among those candidates who answer most of the questions.

多项选择题测试通常是通往重要专业成果的大门。我们研究了高技能和训练有素的候选人在高风险多项选择题测试中猜测意愿的性别差异，在减少每个问题的备选答案数量之前和之后，将错误答案的惩罚降低到临界值，即在统一信念下产生零期望值的那个。我们发现了异质的性别差异，重复了之前的发现，即女性回答的问题比男性少，并得出结论，在回答大多数问题的候选人中，减少可选答案的数量会使男性和女性的领域变得平等。

引用次数: 0

Competitive disclosure of information to a rationally inattentive agent 竞争性地向理性上不注意的代理人披露信息

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107410

Vasudha Jain , Mark Whitmeyer

We study competitive disclosure of information on idiosyncratic product quality by two firms to a rationally inattentive consumer. Unless attention costs are low, there is an equilibrium in which the firms provide the consumer with as much information as she would process if she controlled information provision. This is not true if there is only one firm. Our main welfare result reveals a surprising implication: when attention costs are moderate, the probability that consumers select the higher-quality product can be strictly greater under costly attention than under costless attention. This finding has important implications for policy debates about information disclosure requirements and consumer protection in markets with cognitively constrained agents.

我们研究了两家公司对一个理性不注意的消费者的特殊产品质量信息的竞争性披露。除非注意成本很低，否则存在一种均衡，在这种均衡中，企业向消费者提供的信息与她在控制信息提供时所能处理的信息一样多。如果只有一家公司，情况就不一样了。我们的主要福利结果揭示了一个令人惊讶的含义：当注意成本适中时，消费者在有成本的注意下选择高质量产品的概率严格高于无成本的注意。这一发现对有关信息披露要求和消费者保护的政策辩论具有重要意义。

引用次数: 0

Generative AI adoption in human creative tasks: Experimental evidence 生成人工智能在人类创造性任务中的应用：实验证据

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2026.107414

Feng Zhu , Wenbo Zou

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are widely regarded as having the potential to enhance human creativity. In a pre-registered lab experiment, we assigned 302 university students tasks involving the creation of ideas for generating creative pictures, with a randomly selected subset granted access to ChatGPT. The results indicate that access to ChatGPT improves participants’ creative performance. The treatment effect follows an inverted-U relationship with respect to participants’ baseline creative potential, leading to a reduction in the inequality of their creative performances. Comparing the creative performance of human-AI teams to ChatGPT standalone, we find no evidence of complementarity. However, by using measures construed from the human-AI conversations to explain the variations in the observed treatment effects, we find suggestive evidence that collaborative involvement of ChatGPT is associated with more positive effects. Finally, we also observe significant treatment effects on participants’ opinions about AI, their ratings of subjective experiences during the tasks, and their self-reported creative and problem-solving abilities.

生成式人工智能（AI）技术被广泛认为具有增强人类创造力的潜力。在一个预先注册的实验室实验中，我们给302名大学生分配了一些任务，这些任务涉及为生成创意图片而创造想法，随机选择一个子集授予访问ChatGPT的权限。结果表明，使用ChatGPT可以提高参与者的创造性表现。治疗效果与参与者的基线创造潜力呈倒u关系，导致他们的创造性表现的不平等减少。将人工智能团队的创造性表现与ChatGPT独立进行比较，我们没有发现互补性的证据。然而，通过使用从人类-人工智能对话中解释的措施来解释观察到的治疗效果的变化，我们发现了启发性的证据，表明ChatGPT的协作参与与更积极的效果相关。最后，我们还观察到治疗对参与者对人工智能的看法、他们在任务期间的主观体验评分以及他们自我报告的创造力和解决问题能力的显著影响。

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引用次数: 0

Tail risk and expectations 尾部风险和预期

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107411

Yeow Hwee Chua , Zu Yao Hong

This paper examines how beliefs of tail risk events influence macroeconomic expectations in a Bayesian learning model with noisy signals. Relative to a Gaussian model, we show theoretically and quantitatively that the misperception of tail risk results in overreaction to first and second-moment shocks. First-moment shocks generate excessive optimism and pessimism in individuals as they provide valuable information about tail risk. Second-moment shocks, which are countercyclical, give rise to more pessimistic forecasts during downturns as higher uncertainty is linked to an increased likelihood of recessions. Our findings shed light on factors driving overreaction in expectations and highlight the importance of uncertainty shocks in propagating macroeconomic stability.

本文研究了尾部风险事件的信念如何影响带有噪声信号的贝叶斯学习模型中的宏观经济预期。相对于高斯模型，我们从理论上和定量上表明，对尾部风险的误解会导致对第一和第二时刻冲击的过度反应。第一时间的冲击会让个人产生过度的乐观和悲观情绪，因为它们提供了有关尾部风险的宝贵信息。第二时刻冲击是反周期的，在经济低迷时期会引发更悲观的预测，因为更高的不确定性与衰退的可能性增加有关。我们的研究结果揭示了导致预期过度反应的因素，并强调了不确定性冲击在传播宏观经济稳定方面的重要性。

引用次数: 0

Measuring the output reduction due to incentive ratcheting in the field 衡量由于激励棘轮在该领域的产量减少

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107412

Raicho Bojilov , Francisco Brahm , Joaquin Poblete

Quantitative evidence from the field on the output loss due to incentive ratcheting is mixed. One possible explanation is that the output response to ratcheting varies with the level of ratcheting. This paper estimates how the output cost of ratcheting varies with the level of ratcheting using rich data from the restructuring of the salesforce of a large Chilean producer and distributor of beverages. We show that in response to reducing ratcheting by one standard deviation, the salespersons at this firm increase sales by an average of 19%. The output response is non-linear in ratcheting: Output reduction is greatest when workers move from low or no ratcheting to some ratcheting. We execute additional analysis to verify the causal nature of our result.

来自该领域的定量证据表明，由于激励棘轮而造成的产量损失好坏参半。一种可能的解释是棘轮的输出响应随棘轮的水平而变化。本文估计了棘轮的产出成本如何随棘轮水平的变化而变化，使用了来自智利一家大型饮料生产商和分销商的销售队伍重组的丰富数据。我们表明，在棘轮减少一个标准差的情况下，该公司的销售人员平均增加了19%的销售额。在棘轮中，输出响应是非线性的：当工人从低棘轮或没有棘轮移动到一些棘轮时，输出减少最大。我们执行额外的分析来验证结果的因果性质。

引用次数: 0

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