Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization最新文献

英文中文

The core and the equal division core in a three-person unstructured bargaining experiment 三人非结构化议价实验中的核心与均分核心

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107401

Taro Shinoda , Yukihiko Funaki

Cooperative game theory addresses two main problems: coalition formation and payoff distribution. We hypothesize that the existence and size of the core, a central concept in cooperative game theory, influence the formation of the grand coalition, and we test this in a laboratory experiment. In each group, three subjects simultaneously engage in unstructured bargaining over both coalition formation and payoff distribution, mimicking real-world negotiation. Our results highlight four key findings. First, a nonempty core strongly facilitates the formation of the grand coalition. Second, the availability of a chat window increases the likelihood of forming the grand coalition and reduces inequality in the resulting allocations. Third, resulting allocations are often in the core when it exists, and otherwise fall within the equal division core, an extension of the core. Fourth, the resulting allocations reflect the subjects’ theoretical bargaining power: players with higher bargaining power tend to receive larger shares. Finally, allocations outside the equal division core arise mainly because subjects overlook domination via coalition BC, the two-person coalition with the lowest value.

合作博弈论主要解决两个问题：联盟的形成和收益分配。我们假设核心的存在和大小，一个合作博弈论的中心概念，会影响大联盟的形成，我们在实验室实验中对此进行了验证。在每一组中，三名受试者同时参与关于联盟组建和收益分配的非结构化讨价还价，模仿现实世界的谈判。我们的研究结果突出了四个关键发现。首先，非空核心对大联合政府的形成有很大的促进作用。其次，聊天窗口的可用性增加了形成大联盟的可能性，并减少了由此产生的分配中的不平等。第三，产生的分配往往在核心存在时就在核心中，否则就落在等分核心中，即核心的延伸。第四，分配结果反映了被试的理论议价能力：议价能力越强的参与者往往获得的份额越大。最后，在等分核心之外分配的出现，主要是因为受试者忽略了通过联盟BC（价值最低的两人联盟）进行的统治。

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引用次数: 0

Make a difference? – An experiment on the effectiveness of performance rating policies 做出改变？-绩效评级政策有效性的实验

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107394

Christine Harbring, Stella Simons

Performance appraisals by supervisors are often used in organizations as a basis for bonus and promotion decisions. These subjective appraisals are often prone to supervisors’ biases (e.g., centrality and leniency bias) resulting in ratings that seem not sufficiently differentiated. Previous research shows that forcing supervisors to differentiate in subjective performance appraisals by implementing a forced distribution system may increase worker productivity. However, forced distribution systems pose a variety of other problems. In a laboratory experiment, we investigate two alternative rating policies which aim to foster differentiation and thus productivity. Firstly, supervisors are simply advised to differentiate across different appraisal levels. We find that this simple recommendation results in less lenient and less compressed performance ratings and tends to increase workers’ performance. Secondly, we analyze how supervisors evaluate workers’ performance when the rewards, which are tied to ratings, may not exceed a certain budget. We detect that specifying a financial budget mitigates the leniency bias and increases workers’ performance. Under both rating policies, the performance differences wear off over the course of the experiment.

在组织中，主管的绩效评估经常被用作奖金和晋升决策的基础。这些主观评价往往容易受到主管的偏见（例如，中心性偏见和宽大偏见）的影响，导致评分似乎没有充分区分。先前的研究表明，通过实施强制分配制度，迫使主管在主观绩效评估中区分，可能会提高工人的生产率。然而，强制分配系统带来了各种其他问题。在实验室实验中，我们研究了两种不同的评级政策，旨在促进差异化，从而提高生产率。首先，建议主管区分不同的考核水平。我们发现，这种简单的推荐导致不那么宽松和不那么压缩的绩效评级，并倾向于提高员工的绩效。其次，我们分析了当与评级挂钩的奖励可能不超过一定预算时，主管如何评估员工的绩效。我们发现，指定财务预算减轻了宽容偏见，提高了员工的绩效。在这两种评分策略下，性能差异在实验过程中逐渐消失。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of prison experience on anti-gay sentiments: Longitudinal analysis of inmates and their families 监狱经历对反同性恋情绪的影响：囚犯及其家庭的纵向分析

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107324

Maxim Ananyev , Michael Poyker

Inmates’ informal code often ascribes low status to persons perceived as passive homosexuals. We use longitudinal data to investigate whether prison experience might contribute to anti-gay beliefs. We find that prison experience is related to a higher level of anti-gay sentiments among males and their families, while no discernible difference exists before incarceration. We find no effect for female ex-prisoners. We confirm that pre-incarceration trends, changes in trust and social capital, income, mental health, masculinity norms, and other potential alternative explanations do not drive the results. Our study sheds light on the overlooked role of prisons as a potential significant contributor to the propagation of anti-gay attitudes.

囚犯们的非正式准则常常把那些被认为是被动的同性恋者归为地位低下的人。我们使用纵向数据来调查监狱经历是否会影响反同性恋的信念。我们发现，监狱经历与男性及其家庭中更高水平的反同性恋情绪有关，而入狱前没有明显的差异。我们发现对女性前囚犯没有效果。我们确认，监禁前的趋势、信任和社会资本的变化、收入、心理健康、男子气概规范和其他潜在的替代解释并没有推动结果。我们的研究揭示了监狱作为反同性恋态度传播的潜在重要贡献者而被忽视的作用。

引用次数: 0

Polycentric status contests 多中心地位竞争

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107405

Vlad Tarko

As societies become richer, and basic needs are satisfied, zero-sum positional contests gain more prominence, while the regular positive-sum benefits of markets subside in the background. As long argued by Hirsch, Frank and others, the institutions for managing resource scarcity and spurring economic growth, i.e. the institutions of capitalism, may not be particularly well-suited for managing the type of scarcity associated with positional goods. The long-term equilibrium of rich societies may not be as peaceful as many assume if they become overrun by status competitions. This paper provides a typology of positional goods, explaining why some positional competitions are worse than others, and a rent-seeking model of the supply response to positional goods’ price changes. The model leads to surprisingly optimistic predictions: markets tend to fragment the worst kinds of positional goods into competing hierarchies of status, tend to dissipate and eliminate some positional goods, and tend to turn the most damaging status competitions into more beneficial prestige competitions. Government interventions, by contrast, often attempt to prop‑up monopolistic status hierarchies.

随着社会变得更加富裕，基本需求得到满足，零和地位竞争变得更加突出，而市场的常规正和利益则在背景中消退。正如赫希、弗兰克等人长期以来所主张的那样，管理资源稀缺和刺激经济增长的制度，即资本主义制度，可能并不特别适合管理与位置商品相关的稀缺类型。富裕社会的长期平衡可能不会像许多人想象的那样和平，如果它们被地位竞争所超越。本文给出了位置商品的分类，解释了为什么某些位置竞争比其他位置竞争更糟糕，并给出了位置商品价格变化时供给响应的寻租模型。该模型带来了令人惊讶的乐观预测：市场倾向于将最糟糕的地位商品划分为相互竞争的地位等级，倾向于消散和消除一些地位商品，并倾向于将最具破坏性的地位竞争转变为更有益的声望竞争。相比之下，政府干预往往试图支撑垄断地位等级。

引用次数: 0

Do rural roads promote inclusive entrepreneurship? 农村道路能促进包容性创业吗？

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107381

Ananyo Brahma , Vidhya Soundararajan

This paper investigates whether rural road infrastructure can foster inclusive entrepreneurship. Using enterprise data from India, we examine how a national rural road construction program, which connected previously isolated villages, affects entrepreneurship across different social groups. Our findings reveal that new feeder roads increase the number of service enterprises for all caste categories, including marginalized groups. However, manufacturing entrepreneurship increases only among the non-marginalized caste groups. For marginalized groups, the increase in entrepreneurship appears to be a response to a relative decline in wage employment opportunities following road construction. Formal finance and education infrastructure serve as key channels through which road connectivity fosters entrepreneurship.

本文考察了农村道路基础设施是否能够促进包容性创业。利用来自印度的企业数据，我们研究了连接以前孤立村庄的国家农村道路建设计划如何影响不同社会群体的创业精神。我们的研究结果表明，新的支线公路增加了所有种姓类别的服务企业的数量，包括边缘化群体。然而，制造业创业只在非边缘化种姓群体中增加。对边缘群体来说，创业的增加似乎是对道路建设后工资就业机会相对减少的一种反应。正规金融和教育基础设施是道路联通促进创业的重要渠道。

引用次数: 0

Of opinionated bosses and yes men 固执己见的老板和唯唯诺诺的人

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107395

Yuqi (Angela) Jiang , Suraj Prasad

This paper develops a theory of opinionated bosses – this is where a boss reveals her opinions to a worker who is tasked with gathering information. When the worker gathers information across multiple tasks, which he views as substitutes, the boss may selectively reveal her opinions to the worker on a well known task to redirect his effort to the task that is less well known. The benefit is a broader expertise across activities in the organization when rewards across these activities are implicitly determined. The cost is that the worker becomes a yes man. Being opinionated can, i) go hand in hand with weaker opinions, ii) lead to excessive levels of conformity and initiative, and finally, iii) improve the tradeoff between insurance and explicit incentives when a worker is risk averse.

这篇论文提出了一个关于固执己见的老板的理论——老板向负责收集信息的员工透露自己的观点。当员工从多个任务中收集信息时，他认为这些任务是替代的，老板可能会有选择地向员工透露她对已知任务的看法，以将他的精力转移到不太为人所知的任务上。当跨这些活动的奖励被隐式确定时，好处是跨组织中活动的更广泛的专业知识。代价是工人变成唯唯诺诺的人。固执己见可以，1)与较弱的意见相伴，2)导致过度的顺从和主动性，最后，3)当工人厌恶风险时，改善保险和明确激励之间的权衡。

引用次数: 0

Environmental and health costs of Europe’s shift from gas to coal amidst the energy crisis 能源危机中欧洲从天然气转向煤炭的环境和健康成本

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107397

Mario Liebensteiner , Alex Mburu Kimani

The gas price explosion during the 2021/22 European energy crisis prompted a shift from gas- to coal-fired electricity production. Empirical evidence on the environmental and health consequences of such a fuel-price shock – as opposed to policy reforms – is scarce. We fill this gap by quantifying how gas price surges reorder coal-gas marginal costs and, in turn, affect emissions and health outcomes. Using daily data (2015–2023) for six EU countries with substantial gas-to-coal switching potential, we estimate a control-function model (2SRI) to obtain causal effects of days on which gas is more expensive than coal. During the 510 days of the 2021/22 gas price surge when coal was cheaper, coal-fired generation rose by 23 %, driving a 10 % increase in CO₂, 19 % in PM_2.5, 10 % in NO_x, and 24 % in SO₂. We also report illustrative health implications by mapping our primary results to standard literature-based damage factors; the resulting figures are not observed health outcomes but order-of-magnitude indicators. All figures are computed relative to a model-based counterfactual in which gas remained the cheaper option and represent short-term effects that disregard longer-term structural adjustments. The results highlight the substantial welfare costs of fuel price shock-induced switching and inform the design of policies that internalize these externalities. We also discuss how these results should be interpreted within the EU ETS and the resulting “waterbed effect”.

在2021/22年欧洲能源危机期间，天然气价格激增，促使电力生产从天然气转向燃煤发电。关于这种燃料价格冲击（而不是政策改革）的环境和健康后果的经验证据很少。我们通过量化天然气价格飙升如何重新排序煤层气边际成本，进而影响排放和健康结果，来填补这一空白。利用具有巨大气煤转换潜力的六个欧盟国家的日常数据（2015-2023），我们估计了一个控制函数模型（2SRI），以获得天然气比煤炭更贵的天数的因果关系。在煤炭价格更便宜的2021/22年天然气价格飙升的510天里，燃煤发电量增长了23%，导致二氧化碳增加了10%，PM2.5增加了19%，氮氧化物增加了10%，二氧化硫增加了24%。我们还通过将我们的主要结果映射到标准的基于文献的损害因素来报告说明性的健康影响；由此得出的数字不是观察到的健康结果，而是数量级指标。所有数据都是相对于基于模型的反事实计算得出的，在反事实中，天然气仍然是更便宜的选择，并且只代表短期效应，而不考虑长期结构调整。研究结果强调了燃料价格冲击引发的转换的巨大福利成本，并为将这些外部性内部化的政策设计提供了信息。我们还讨论了如何在欧盟排放交易体系内解释这些结果以及由此产生的“水床效应”。

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引用次数: 0

Herding and informed trading: Evidence from Chinese equity markets 羊群效应与知情交易：来自中国股市的证据

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107406

Bartosz Gebka , Han Jin , Vasileios Kallinterakis , Rabaa Karaa , Skander Slim

We empirically investigate the relationship between informed trading and market herding in China for the 2003–2022 period and find a negative contemporaneous relationship, which grows stronger for specific market/economic conditions. Herding comprises of a very strong noise-driven herding and a fundamentals-driven anti-herding; informed trading dampens the former, while boosting the latter. Our results hold when controlling for the 2012 anti-insider trading laws and days of price-limit hits. Evidence on the dynamic relationship between informed trading and herding demonstrates that informed trading Granger-causes herding. Overall, informed traders motivate stronger herding over time, dampening it contemporaneously, thus suggesting that they prey on the very herding they attract.

我们对2003-2022年中国的知情交易与市场羊群之间的关系进行了实证研究，发现这一负相关关系在特定的市场/经济条件下变得更强。羊群包括很强的噪声驱动羊群和基本面驱动的反羊群；知情交易抑制了前者，同时促进了后者。我们的结果在控制2012年反内幕交易法和限价冲击天数的情况下成立。关于知情交易与羊群之间动态关系的证据表明，知情交易的格兰杰原因羊群。总的来说，消息灵通的交易者随着时间的推移激发了更强的羊群效应，同时抑制了羊群效应，因此表明他们捕食的正是他们所吸引的羊群。

引用次数: 0

Corporate social responsibility as a signal in the labor market 企业社会责任是劳动力市场的一个信号

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107384

Eldar Dadon , Marie Claire Villeval , Ro’i Zultan

Working for a firm engaged in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) appeals to potential workers by boosting their self-image and sense of purpose. We propose an additional mechanism: CSR signals a firm’s future treatment of workers. Our model links CSR engagement with a firm’s propensity to support workers during unforeseen times of need. Under this assumption, a potential future need of the worker leads to more firms engaging in CSR and to a higher workers’ willingness to accept lower wages. Our experiment manipulates potential future needs across treatments. While the aggregate analysis does not fully support our theory, exploratory analysis reveals that male workers respond as predicted, whereas female workers do not. Consistently, in a risky environment, male employers increase their CSR engagement, which raises the acceptance rate among male workers. These results do not hold for female employers and workers.

在从事企业社会责任（CSR）的公司工作，可以提升他们的自我形象和使命感，从而吸引潜在的员工。我们提出了另一种机制：企业社会责任标志着企业未来对工人的待遇。我们的模型将企业社会责任参与与企业在不可预见的需求时期支持员工的倾向联系起来。在这一假设下，工人的潜在未来需求导致更多的企业参与企业社会责任，并使工人更愿意接受较低的工资。我们的实验控制了不同治疗方法的潜在未来需求。虽然总体分析并不完全支持我们的理论，但探索性分析表明，男性工人的反应与预测一致，而女性工人则不然。与此一致的是，在风险环境中，男性雇主增加了他们的企业社会责任参与度，这提高了男性员工的接受率。这些结果并不适用于女性雇主和员工。

引用次数: 0

Pyramid schemes 传销

IF 2.3 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107398

Gönül Doğan , Kenan Kalaycı , Priscilla Man

We invite experiment participants to invest their endowment in a pyramid scheme with a negative expected return. In two samples, one from the general U.S. population and one from a major German university involving higher stakes, more than half invest regardless of their age, gender, income, and trust and fairness beliefs. Higher risk tolerance positively correlates with investment in both populations, whereas preference for positively-skewed risk, and lower cognitive skills explain investment only in the general U.S. population. We vary the level of assistance provided to participants in inferring the distribution of payoff from the pyramid scheme in four treatments, and find that only those requiring no further extrapolation of information are successful in reducing investment.

我们邀请实验参与者将他们的捐款投资于一个预期回报为负的金字塔计划。在两个样本中，一个来自普通美国人，一个来自德国一所主要大学，涉及更高的风险，超过一半的人投资，而不考虑他们的年龄、性别、收入、信任和公平信念。在两种人群中，较高的风险承受能力与投资呈正相关，而对正倾斜风险的偏好和较低的认知技能只能解释美国一般人群的投资。我们在四种处理中改变了向参与者提供的帮助水平，以推断金字塔计划的收益分配，并发现只有那些不需要进一步推断信息的人才能成功地减少投资。

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

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Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

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