Emotion最新文献

There is a growing consensus that emotion differentiation-the ability to discern specific emotions-is healthy. To assess this ability, studies so far have exclusively relied on the dimension of emotion pleasantness by lumping together various types of emotions that fall within the same valence category. However, this approach neglects the possibility that individuals may represent certain types of emotions in a more differentiated fashion, if these emotions are functionally adaptive and therefore are more frequently experienced in their cultural environments. Here, we propose social orientation as another dimension to analyze emotion differentiation and test a hypothesis that the ability to differentiate socially engaging (vs. disengaging) emotions is reinforced more and is associated with better health in interdependent (vs. independent) cultural contexts. In a longitudinal daily diary study conducted in the United States and Korea between 2019 and 2020, we assessed the extent to which participants differentiated engaging or disengaging emotions based on 2 weeks of daily affective reports. For both positive and negative emotions, Koreans differentiated engaging emotions more than European Americans did. Conversely, European Americans differentiated disengaging emotions more than Koreans did. Moreover, for both cultural groups, the extent to which they differentiated emotions that are valued more in their respective culture-engaging for Koreans and disengaging for European Americans-predicted better health 2 months later, indirectly via reducing their tendency to ruminate over time. These results suggest that culture shapes how we represent emotions, and doing so in a culturally preferred way has a potential to bring health benefits. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

According to the regulatory model of nostalgia, nostalgia activates the positive valence system to countermand negative emotionality. However, no research has systematically examined whether nostalgia influences the diverse manifestations of the positive valence system. We addressed this issue in two preregistered studies (ΣN = 543). Participants completed trait nostalgia scales and the Positive Valence System Scale, comprising the following seven constructs: reward valuation, reward expectancy, effort valuation, action selection, reward anticipation, initial reward responsiveness, and reward satiation. In both studies, trait nostalgia was positively associated with all positive valence system constructs. When nostalgia was experimentally induced (Study 2), it increased reward valuation, action selection, and initial responsiveness. The results clarify nostalgia's impact on the positive valence system and the implications of the regulatory model. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Bidirectional influences between parenting and children's emotion regulation are well established, but developmental shifts in these dynamics and differences between mother- and father-child relationships are far from understood. We examined such bidirectional dynamics from infancy to early school age in 102 U.S. Midwestern community families (51 girls), using an autoregressive latent trajectory model that enabled us to distinguish within-dyad co-regulatory processes from traitlike stability across dyads. Parental responsiveness and child emotion (dys)regulation were coded from observed parent-child interactions at seven time points from 7 months to 6.5 years. Results demonstrated significant parent-to-child effects during toddlerhood in both mother- and father-child dyads, with higher parental responsiveness predicting better subsequent emotion regulation in children. However, child-to-parent effects were observed only in father-child dyads, such that children with poorer emotion regulation elicited more, and those with better emotion regulation elicited less paternal responsiveness at the later time point. These findings suggest fathers may adjust caregiving more flexibly, balancing recognition of children's emotional needs and of their growing autonomy, whereas maternal responsiveness may be less influenced by fluctuations in child emotion (dys)regulation. No significant bidirectional associations were observed in infancy or early school age. Findings suggest that bidirectional dynamics are developmentally fluid in early parent-child relationships and that, surprisingly, fathers may be more adept at calibrating their responsiveness based on children's regulatory needs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Interpersonal difficulties have long been implicated in psychopathology. However, we know quite little about how social (dis-)connection unfolds at the physiological level in real time in clinical populations, including among youth at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). The present laboratory-based dyadic interaction study examined physiological coregulation in 70 dyads across 137 participants (32 CHR youth-caregiver dyads; 38 healthy youth-caregiver dyads) and linked coregulation with clinical symptoms-concurrently and prospectively. This study was based in a midsized Midwestern city and recruited from the broader community and from mental health clinics. Data were collected from 2018 to 2022. Dyads engaged in 10-min neutral, conflict, and pleasant conversations while their autonomic physiology was continuously monitored. In conflict and neutral conversations, CHR youth exhibited contrarian physiological coregulation (i.e., slowing heart rate in response to caregiver's escalating heart rate and vice versa). Contrarian coregulation was associated with elevated risk for psychosis, was linked to greater baseline psychosis symptomatology, and prospectively predicted increases in symptoms 1 year later. These findings document alterations in physiological coregulation between CHR individuals and their caregivers, highlight their relevance for clinical symptomatology, suggest novel avenues for relationship-focused treatments, and contribute to a biologically grounded science of social connection. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Begrudging others' success is a hallmark of envy. Understandably, this has made envy researchers keen to discover the variables that prompt people to begrudge successful others. However, not all negative reactions toward successful individuals stem from envy; for instance, one need not invoke the green-eyed monster to explain our desire to see immoral villains fail. While seemingly uncontroversial, this point poses a challenge to a large and growing body of research that has linked envy with (un)deservingness, finding that undeserved success prompts more ill will than deserved success: Are these negative feelings truly driven by envy or by some other emotion? To help resolve this issue, we introduce the third-party criterion-a novel method for ruling out false elicitors of envy. This criterion specifies that if a variable makes potential enviers and third parties (not in a position to experience envy) both begrudge someone's success to similar extents, that variable is unlikely to moderate envy specifically. We report eight studies (four in the main text and four in the Supplemental Materials, N = 1,507) involving participants recruited from online participant pools between 2022 and 2025 in which we use this procedure to probe variables purported to increase feelings of envy. Ultimately, we find that while some well-established variables do not pass the third-party criterion (e.g., deservingness), others do (e.g., audience valuation). Identifying the precise factors that elicit each emotion is a fundamental goal in emotion research. The third-party criterion offers a simple, widely applicable tool for helping meet that goal. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Numerous studies have shown that the processes underlying trait judgments can be influenced by concurrent affect processing. The present project explores the role of emotional mimicry in trait attribution. Across three experiments, we asked participants to assess social characteristics of faces expressing happiness, sadness, and anger. In Experiments 1 and 3, we used facial electromyography to predict participants' inferences about trustworthiness, confidence, and attractiveness (Experiment 1) or their behaviorally assessed trust by asking participants to share virtual points in a "trust/investment game" (Experiment 3). In Experiment 2, we tested the causal relationship between facial activity and trait judgments. Participants were asked to assess trustworthiness while performing facial movements that either enhanced or inhibited muscle activity during mimicry of given emotional expressions. The results indicate that mimicry of happiness not only predicts but is causally linked to perceptions of trustworthiness-the stronger the imitation, the more positive the assessments. The results of Experiments 1 and 3 show that increased sadness mimicry is associated with lower trust ratings, although the results of Experiment 2 do not support a causal relationship. Additionally, we confirmed previous observations that people are more likely to mimic affiliative displays (i.e., happiness and sadness) than antagonistic ones (i.e., anger), with happiness being the most likely to be mimicked. In summary, these studies provide evidence that facial mimicry modulates social trait inferences and underscores the functional role of mimicry in social interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Despite significant interest in how social media use (SMU) is associated with college student depression, little consensus has been drawn in this area. We argue that a critical step forward is examining how college student depressive symptoms are associated with (a) the emotions students experience while engaged in SMU and (b) how individuals choose to engage in weekly SMU in ways known to impact their emotions. Data were collected in 2022. College students (N = 382) engaged in four SMU types (order randomized) for 3 min in real time during a controlled experiment. They rated their negative affect and positive affect before and after each SMU type. They also completed measures assessing weekly engagement in each SMU type and depressive symptoms. We examined how depressive symptoms were associated with (a) affect change during each SMU type during the experiment (i.e., experimental approach) and (b) with how people engaged in weekly SMU in ways known to influence their emotions experimentally (i.e., person-based survey approach). Depressive symptoms were associated with students feeling worse (more negative affect or less positive affect) during real-time engagement in all four SMU types. Depressive symptoms were also associated with greater weekly engagement in SMU types that were the ones that increased that person's negative affect and decreased their positive affect. By considering multiple types of SMU and taking a person-based approach, our findings help clarify complicated associations between SMU and depression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

This research examines cardiovascular response to everyday threats and challenges during wakefulness and sleep. Approximately 11,000 people, who comprised a diverse sample ethnically but not socioeconomically, completed three weekly morning and evening surveys in which they indicated whether they expected and experienced threats and challenges that day. Participants also provided measures of blood pressure on morning surveys and provided measures of average heart rate during the day and resting heart rate when asleep via their WHOOP biometric capture device. Enrollment began in April 2024, and data collection ceased in July 2024. Results indicated that both threat and challenge were associated with higher blood pressure and higher average heart rate during the day. In contrast, when people were asleep, threat was associated with higher resting heart rate but challenge was associated with lower resting heart rate. These results suggest that the body achieves more restorative sleep in preparation for perceived challenges but not for perceived threats, raising the possibility that the greater stress associated with threats disrupts the body's capacity for restorative sleep. The generalizability of these results to members of economically marginalized groups remains an open question. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

The present research provides a new perspective on how preparation influences cognitive reappraisal to enhance positive emotions. Across two experiments, we examined whether the impact of preparation on positive emotion regulation (ER) is driven by the specific reappraisal tactic employed (self-focused reappraisal vs. situation-focused reappraisal) or by the overarching regulatory goal of enhancing positive emotions. In Experiment 1, 45 participants engaged in self-focused reappraisal, whereas in Experiment 2, 42 participants engaged in situation-focused reappraisal. An adapted ER task assessed emotional experiences under varying conditions, manipulating cues to either allow prior preparation (proactive ER) or occur without specific preparation (reactive ER). Results showed that reactive ER was consistently less effective than proactive ER in upregulating positive emotions, irrespective of the tactic employed. These findings support a goal-driven account over a tactic-driven account, highlighting the pivotal role of regulatory goals established during preparation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Self-organizing systems can shift between stability and flexibility in response to perturbation, a potential adaptive mechanism for understanding biopsychosocial resilience. Inverse power law (IPL) structure, a frequency distribution that describes fractal patterns commonly produced by self-organization, produces measurements of stability and flexibility. This study applies these measures to emotional resilience at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ratings of frequency over the past week (1-5 Likert scale) across 12 emotions (six positive and six negative) were gathered in mid-April 2020 as part of a survey of adults' (N = 4,094) pandemic experiences and health in the United States. The distributions of everyone's emotion ratings were tested for IPL fit, resulting in a mean R² = .75. A steeper IPL shape parameter, reflecting greater emotional stability, was associated with better mental (anxiety, depression, and stress) and physical (fatigue, headache, and diarrhea) health overall. However, when total scores for positive and negative emotion were controlled, the reverse effect was found. Finally, a significant interaction effect was found between a measure of COVID-19 impact and IPL shape on each of the six health outcomes, suggesting that greater emotional flexibility may provide buffering against large-scale and unexpected challenges. Altogether, these results suggest that emotional stability may be most beneficial against illness when life is relatively stable, while emotional flexibility may be more adaptive when life is unstable. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).