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Putting it into words: Emotion vocabulary, emotion differentiation, and depression among adolescents. 用语言表达:青少年的情绪词汇、情绪分化和抑郁。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001429
Gwyneth A L DeLap, Vera Vine, Angela C Santee, Lisa R Starr

Emotion differentiation (ED; the ability to distinguish discrete internal emotion states) may reflect or benefit from knowledge of linguistic labels. The present study uses natural language processing to examine how emotion vocabulary (EV; diversity of unique emotion terms within active vocabulary) relates to ED and depression in an adolescent sample. We tested two competing preregistered (https://osf.io/4j75w/) models regarding the EV-ED link. In the lexical facilitation hypothesis, we posited that larger EV may inform ED, perhaps resulting in larger EVs being associated with greater ED. In the emotional concision hypothesis, we theorized that ED may reflect narrower emotional experiences that are more succinctly labelled, which could result in larger EV being associated with lower ED. A community sample of adolescents (N = 241, ages 14-17, predominantly White) completed interviews, self-report measures, and ecological momentary assessments as part of a larger study conducted between 2014 and 2016. EV was derived using speech samples from transcribed recordings of life stress interviews. In line with the emotion concision hypothesis, EV and ED were inversely related for negative emotions. Moreover, larger negative EV and lower negative ED were each uniquely associated with depression, casting further doubt on whether diverse negative EVs within spontaneous language are fundamentally adaptive for emotional functioning. Replication in more diverse samples is needed to extend generalizability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

情绪分化(Emotion Differentiation,ED;区分离散的内部情绪状态的能力)可能反映了语言标签的知识,也可能从语言标签的知识中受益。本研究使用自然语言处理技术来研究青少年样本中的情绪词汇(EV;主动词汇中独特情绪术语的多样性)与情绪分化和抑郁之间的关系。我们测试了有关 EV-ED 联系的两个相互竞争的预注册(https://osf.io/4j75w/)模型。在词汇促进假说中,我们假设较大的EV可能会为ED提供信息,从而导致较大的EV与较大的ED相关联。在情感简洁性假说中,我们推测 ED 可能反映了更简洁的狭义情感体验,这可能导致较大的 EV 与较低的 ED 相关联。作为 2014 年至 2016 年进行的一项大型研究的一部分,社区青少年样本(N = 241,年龄 14-17 岁,主要为白人)完成了访谈、自我报告测量和生态瞬间评估。情绪简洁性是通过转录生活压力访谈录音中的语音样本得出的。与情绪简洁性假设一致,EV 和 ED 与负面情绪成反比。此外,较大的负性 EV 和较低的负性 ED 都与抑郁有独特的关联,这让人进一步怀疑自发语言中多种多样的负性 EV 是否从根本上适应了情绪功能。需要在更多不同的样本中进行重复研究,以扩大研究的普遍性。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Affective control in adolescence: The influence of age and depressive symptomatology on working memory. 青春期的情感控制:年龄和抑郁症状对工作记忆的影响。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001390
Kirsty Griffiths, Darren L Dunning, Jenna Parker, Marc Bennett, Susanne Schweizer, Lucy Foulkes, Saz Ahmed, Jovita T Leung, Cait Griffin, Ashok Sakhardande, Willem Kuyken, J Mark G Williams, Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, Tim Dalgleish, Jason Stretton

People exhibit marked individual variation in their ability to exercise cognitive control in affectively charged situations. Affective control is typically assessed in laboratory settings by comparing performance in carefully constructed executive tasks performed in both affectively neutral and affectively charged contexts. There is some evidence that affective control undergoes significant improvement throughout adolescence, though it is unclear how adolescents deemed at risk of developing depression exercise affective control despite poor affective control being identified as a contributing factor to ongoing mental ill health in adulthood. The present study therefore investigated affective control in a large (n = 425) sample of adolescents (aged 11-18 years) collected from 2016 to 2018. A simultaneous visuospatial search and written storage working memory (WM) capacity task was carried out to examine affective control, using affectively neutral and affectively negative social images as the task-irrelevant distractors. Overall, WM capacity increased as a function of age across both affective conditions. Moreover, we report a significant difference between affective conditions, with WM capacity slightly lower during trials with affectively negative social scenes, relative to neutral. Performance in each condition and the performance "cost" for completing the task in negative relative to neutral conditions was not modulated by depressive symptoms. Furthermore, age did not predict performance cost, irrespective of depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that WM capacity is relatively robust against socioaffective contexts and mood in adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

人们在情绪紧张的情况下进行认知控制的能力存在明显的个体差异。情感控制能力通常是在实验室环境中通过比较在情感中性和情感强烈的情境下执行精心设计的执行任务的表现来进行评估的。有证据表明,情感控制能力在整个青春期都会得到显著提高,尽管情感控制能力差被认为是导致成年后心理健康持续不良的一个因素,但被认为有患抑郁症风险的青少年是如何进行情感控制的,目前尚不清楚。因此,本研究调查了2016年至2018年收集的大量青少年(11-18岁)样本(n = 425)的情感控制能力。研究人员使用情感中性和情感负面的社会图像作为任务无关的分心物,同时进行了视觉空间搜索和书面存储工作记忆(WM)能力任务,以考察情感控制能力。总体而言,在两种情绪条件下,工作记忆容量随着年龄的增长而增加。此外,我们还报告了不同情绪条件下的显著差异,在情绪消极的社交场景下,相对于中性情绪,WM 能力略低。在消极情绪条件下相对于中性情绪条件下,每个条件下的表现和完成任务的表现 "成本 "都不受抑郁症状的影响。此外,无论抑郁症状如何,年龄并不能预测成绩成本。这些研究结果表明,青少年的WM能力对社会情感环境和情绪的影响相对较小。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Momentary savoring in daily life in an adult life-span sample. 成人寿命样本中日常生活中的瞬间回味。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001423
Claire M Growney, Laura L Carstensen, Tammy English

Savoring moments can foster well-being. Older adults are theorized to prioritize emotional well-being in daily life, which directs their attention to positive aspects of life. In this study, with data collected from 2018 to 2021, 285 adults aged 25-85 completed an experience sampling procedure (six times a day for 10 days) where they reported their experienced emotions, whether they were savoring the moment, and how close they felt to their most recent social partner. They also completed a trait-level questionnaire on psychological well-being. Across the age range, individuals were more likely to savor moments when they were with close social partners. Older people were more likely than younger people to report savoring when experiencing high levels of positive affect. The tendency to savor was also tied to psychological well-being among individuals independent of their age. Findings highlight the relational aspect of savoring in daily contexts and suggest that savoring may contribute to well-being, helping to account for age advantages in well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

品味时刻可以促进幸福感。根据理论,老年人在日常生活中会优先考虑情感幸福,这将引导他们关注生活的积极方面。在这项研究中,285 名年龄在 25-85 岁之间的成年人完成了一项体验取样程序(每天六次,持续 10 天),他们报告了自己的体验情绪、是否在品味当下以及与最近的社交伙伴的亲密程度。他们还填写了一份心理健康特质问卷。从不同年龄段的人来看,当他们与亲密的社交伙伴在一起时,他们更有可能回味那一刻。与年轻人相比,老年人更倾向于在积极情绪高涨时细细品味。细细品味的倾向还与个人的心理健康息息相关,与年龄无关。研究结果凸显了在日常情境中回味的关系方面,并表明回味可能会促进幸福感,有助于解释幸福感的年龄优势。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
The expectation-updating mechanism in gratitude: A predictive coding perspective. 感恩中的期望更新机制:预测编码视角。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001421
Ke Ding, Haiqi Lin, Guanmin Liu, Feng Kong, Jinting Liu, Xiaolin Zhou

The fluctuations in emotions during constant help are unexplained by traditional emotion theories but may align with the predictive coding theory. This theory suggests that individuals tend to form expectations of others' help during social interactions. When outcomes exceed expectations, positive prediction errors are generated, potentially increasing gratitude. Conversely, constant help may build up expectations that surpass outcomes, resulting in negative prediction errors and reduced gratitude. Nevertheless, there is a lack of studies to examine the relationship between prediction errors and gratitude and its underlying mechanism. Here, we conducted two studies. Study 1 consistently found that higher expectations were associated with lower gratitude, when benefactors refused to help, in both reward-gaining and punishment-avoiding tasks. Moreover, prediction errors were positively and reliably linked to gratitude. Study 2 further identified that gratitude dynamically changed through an expectation-updating mechanism. A computational model incorporating predictive coding outperformed traditional theories in predicting the dynamics of gratitude. The findings support predictive coding theory, providing a temporal perspective and a mechanistic understanding of the fluctuations in gratitude, thus having implications for new interventions to improve mental health and well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

传统的情绪理论无法解释持续帮助过程中的情绪波动,但预测编码理论可能与之相符。该理论认为,在社会交往过程中,个人往往会对他人的帮助形成预期。当结果超出预期时,就会产生积极的预测误差,从而可能增加感激之情。反之,持续不断的帮助可能会建立起超过结果的预期,从而导致消极的预测错误,并减少感激之情。然而,目前还缺乏研究来探讨预测误差与感激之情之间的关系及其内在机制。在此,我们进行了两项研究。研究 1 一致发现,在获得奖励和避免惩罚的任务中,当恩人拒绝帮助时,较高的期望值与较低的感激之情相关。此外,预测错误也与感激之情有积极可靠的联系。研究 2 进一步发现,感激之情是通过期望更新机制动态变化的。一个包含预测编码的计算模型在预测感激之情的动态变化方面优于传统理论。研究结果支持预测编码理论,提供了一个时间视角和对感恩波动机制的理解,从而对改善心理健康和幸福感的新干预措施产生了影响。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Is emotion perception altered by gaze direction, gender appearance, and gender identity of the perceived face? 情绪感知是否会因注视方向、性别外观和所感知人脸的性别特征而改变?
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001406
Robrecht P R D van der Wel, Yana Prodanova, Jason Snyder, Timothy N Welsh, Anne Böckler

The purpose of the present study was to examine how gaze and emotion processing may change due to differences in gender appearance and gender identity of the perceived face. We manipulated gender appearance (male or female), gender identity (cisgender or transgender), gaze direction (direct or averted), and expressed emotions (anger, fear, or neutral) of face models in an emotion rating task. We replicate several previous findings, including a direct gaze advantage, an emotion effect, and an interaction between gaze direction and expressed emotion. In line with previous findings on the influence of facial morphology for face processing, we found that male faces were more quickly and intensely perceived for displays of anger, while female faces were more quickly and intensely perceived for displays of fear. Of key interest, gender identity influenced face perception for different emotion expressions and gaze directions for ratings and reaction times in a variety of ways. For example, transgender male faces were seen as angrier and less fearful than cisgender male faces, while the opposite effect occurred for female faces. These results suggest that face perception is systematically shaped by morphological differences as well as more abstract social constructs related to gender identity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

本研究旨在探讨凝视和情绪处理会如何因所感知人脸的性别外观和性别认同的不同而发生变化。我们在情绪评级任务中操纵了人脸模型的性别外观(男性或女性)、性别身份(顺性别或跨性别)、注视方向(直视或背视)和表达的情绪(愤怒、恐惧或中性)。我们重复了之前的一些发现,包括直接注视优势、情绪效应以及注视方向与表达情绪之间的交互作用。与之前关于面部形态对人脸加工影响的研究结果一致,我们发现男性人脸对愤怒表现的感知更快、更强烈,而女性人脸对恐惧表现的感知更快、更强烈。最令人感兴趣的是,性别认同以多种方式影响着对不同情绪表达的人脸感知以及对评分和反应时间的注视方向。例如,变性男性面孔比同性男性面孔更愤怒、更不恐惧,而女性面孔则相反。这些结果表明,人脸感知受到形态差异以及与性别认同相关的更抽象的社会建构的系统性影响。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Situation covariation and goal adaptiveness? The promoting effect of cognitive flexibility on emotion regulation in depression. 情境共变与目标适应性?认知灵活性对抑郁症患者情绪调节的促进作用
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001410
Wei Gao, Xinyu Yan, Yongqiang Chen, Jiemin Yang, JiaJin Yuan

Cognitive inflexibility as a generalized characteristic of depression has been closely implicated in maladaptive coping with changing situations and goals in daily life. The association between cognitive flexibility and depression can be elucidated by situation covariation and goal adaptiveness of emotion regulation flexibility (ERF), which facilitates adaptive responses to changing environments. However, little is known about the contribution of cognitive flexibility to emotion regulation in depression under changing situations and goals. To address this gap, we performed three experiments to assess situation covariation and goal adaptiveness of ERF, and we further examined the contribution of situation covariation and goal adaptiveness to the association between cognitive inflexibility and depression. The results of Experiments 1 (N = 120) and 2 (N = 117) showed a significantly negative correlation between cognitive flexibility and goal adaptiveness (but not situation covariation) of ERF. Further mediation analysis revealed the contribution of goal adaptiveness scores to the relationship between cognitive flexibility and depression. In Experiment 3 (N = 93), we performed a 14-day training of cognitive flexibility and observed that the training increased goal adaptiveness, but not situation covariation, of ERF and reduced symptoms of depression. Furthermore, the improvement of goal adaptiveness scores significantly mediated the effect of cognitive flexibility on depressive remission. In sum, these findings identified a vital involvement of goal adaptiveness of ERF in the effect of cognitive flexibility on depression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

认知缺乏灵活性是抑郁症的一个普遍特征,与日常生活中应对不断变化的情境和目标的不适应密切相关。认知灵活性与抑郁症之间的联系可以通过情绪调节灵活性(ERF)的情境共变性和目标适应性来阐明,情绪调节灵活性有助于对不断变化的环境做出适应性反应。然而,人们对认知灵活性在不断变化的情境和目标下对抑郁症情绪调节的贡献知之甚少。为了填补这一空白,我们进行了三项实验来评估ERF的情境共变性和目标适应性,并进一步研究了情境共变性和目标适应性对认知不灵活与抑郁之间关联的贡献。实验1(120人)和实验2(117人)的结果显示,认知灵活性与ERF的目标适应性(而非情境协变性)之间存在显著的负相关。进一步的中介分析表明,目标适应性得分对认知灵活性与抑郁之间的关系有促进作用。在实验 3(N = 93)中,我们进行了为期 14 天的认知灵活性训练,观察到训练提高了 ERF 的目标适应性,但没有提高 ERF 的情境共变性,并减少了抑郁症状。此外,目标适应性得分的提高在很大程度上调节了认知灵活性对抑郁缓解的影响。总之,这些研究结果表明,在认知灵活性对抑郁症的影响中,ERF的目标适应性起着至关重要的作用。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Behavioral variability in physiological synchrony during future-based conversations between romantic partners. 浪漫伴侣之间基于未来的对话中生理同步的行为变异性。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001437
Claire J Shimshock, Katherine R Thorson, Brett J Peters, Jeremy P Jamieson

Physiological synchrony-or similarity between two people's physiological responses-is thought to have important consequences for health and well-being and has been observed in social relationship contexts. The present study investigated variability in dyads' physiological synchrony as a function of both partners' behaviors during an emotionally salient discussion. We examined concurrent covariation in cardiac interbeat intervals in a sample of young adult romantic couples (N = 79 dyads) who discussed the coordination of a personal goal with the future of their relationship (data collected from 2013 to 2015). Partners assigned to be disclosers revealed hypothetical good news (e.g., a dream job offer) with their partner, the responder, who reacted to this disclosure. To understand covariation-behavior associations, we examined three motivationally relevant behaviors that may underlie synchrony based on people's role in the discussion. We found significant variability in how much couples experienced covariation, and covariation depended, at least in part, on people's behaviors during the discussions. When disclosers spoke more (a behavior associated with less satisfying relationships and less positive partner perceptions), dyads experienced less physiological covariation. Furthermore, when responders showed more neglect and withdrawal, and when both partners displayed less positive emotion, dyads experienced less physiological covariation. These findings underscore couples' physiological synchrony as a heterogeneous process that can emerge with the presence of greater behavioral and emotional positivity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

生理同步--即两个人生理反应的相似性--被认为对健康和幸福有重要影响,并已在社会关系中被观察到。本研究调查了在情绪突出的讨论中,伴侣双方的行为对双人生理同步性的影响。我们在讨论个人目标与未来关系协调问题的年轻成年恋爱情侣样本(N = 79 对)中研究了心搏间期的并发共变(数据收集于 2013 年至 2015 年)。被指定为披露者的伴侣向其伴侣(即回应者)透露假设的好消息(如梦想的工作机会),而回应者则对这一披露做出反应。为了了解协变与行为之间的关联,我们根据人们在讨论中的角色,研究了可能导致同步的三种动机相关行为。我们发现,夫妻双方在经历同步性的程度上存在很大差异,而同步性至少部分取决于人们在讨论中的行为。当披露者发言较多时(这种行为与较不满意的关系和较不积极的伴侣感知相关),伴侣间的生理共变性较少。此外,当回应者表现出更多的忽视和退缩时,以及当伴侣双方都表现出较少的积极情绪时,伴侣间的生理共变性也较小。这些发现强调了夫妻生理同步是一个异质性的过程,可以随着行为和情绪的积极性的提高而出现。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Smiling and frowning induced by facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (fNMES) modulate felt emotion and physiology. 面部神经肌肉电刺激(fNMES)诱发的微笑和皱眉会调节感觉情绪和生理。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001408
Themis Nikolas Efthimiou, Joshua Baker, Arthur Elsenaar, Marc Mehu, Sebastian Korb

According to the facial feedback hypothesis, feedback from facial muscles can initiate and modulate a person's emotional state. This assumption is debated, however, and existing research has arguably suffered from a lack of control over which facial muscles are activated, when, to what degree, and for how long. To overcome these limitations, we carried out a preregistered experiment including 58 participants. Facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (fNMES) was applied to the bilateral zygomaticus major and depressor anguli oris muscles for 5 s at 100% and 50% of the participants' individual motor threshold. After each trial, participants reported their emotional valence and intensity and levels of experienced discomfort. Facial muscle activations were verified with automatic video coding; heart rate and electrodermal activity were recorded throughout. Results showed that muscle activation through fNMES, even when controlling for fNMES-induced discomfort, modulated participants' emotional state as expected, with more positive emotions reported after stronger stimulation of the zygomaticus major than the depressor anguli oris muscle. The addition of expression-congruent emotional images increased the effect. Moreover, fNMES intensity predicted intensity ratings, reduced HR, and skin conductance response. The finding that changes in felt emotion can be induced through brief and controlled activation of specific facial muscles is in line with the facial feedback hypothesis and offers exciting opportunities for translational intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

根据面部反馈假说,面部肌肉的反馈可以启动和调节人的情绪状态。然而,这一假设还存在争议,现有的研究可以说缺乏对哪些面部肌肉被激活、何时激活、激活程度以及激活时间长短的控制。为了克服这些局限性,我们进行了一项预先登记的实验,共有 58 人参加。面部神经肌肉电刺激(fNMES)作用于双侧颧骨大肌和口角下压肌,持续 5 秒钟,刺激强度分别为参与者个人运动阈值的 100%和 50%。每次试验后,参与者都要报告自己的情绪价值和强度以及体验到的不适程度。面部肌肉激活情况通过自动视频编码进行验证;心率和皮电活动被全程记录。结果表明,即使控制了 fNMES 引起的不适感,通过 fNMES 进行的肌肉激活也能调节参与者的情绪状态,正如预期的那样,刺激颧大肌比刺激口角下压肌后,参与者会报告更多的积极情绪。添加表情一致的情绪图像会增强这种效果。此外,fNMES 强度可预测强度评级、降低的心率和皮肤电导反应。这一发现与面部反馈假说一致,并为转化干预提供了令人兴奋的机会。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Cultural variation in the motivational correlates of gratitude. 感恩动机相关因素的文化差异。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001425
Allon Vishkin, Min Young Kim, Nevin Solak, Kinga Szymaniak, Cindel J M White, Shinobu Kitayama

Gratitude confers a sense of indebtedness to repay the benefactor, which poses a limitation on one's autonomy-an aversive experience in individualist cultures. Yet, gratitude is frequently valued and expressed in individualist cultures such as the United States. One solution to this dilemma is that gratitude has different aspects: It confers a sense of obligation but also strengthens social relations. Thus, gratitude might be associated more strongly with indebtedness in cultural contexts where autonomy is less valued, but it might be associated with a desire to be close to others in cultural contexts where autonomy is more valued. We tested how motivations for being indebted, for connecting to others, and for a hedonic emotional balance predict both gratitude to God and interpersonal gratitude in samples from the United States, India, Israel, Poland, South Korea, and Turkey (N = 2,093). Results revealed substantial cultural variation in how these correlates are associated with gratitude. We discuss how gratitude can inform cultural differences in how relationships are construed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

感恩会让人产生一种要报答恩人的亏欠感,从而限制了一个人的自主性--这在个人主义文化中是一种令人厌恶的体验。然而,在美国等个人主义文化中,感恩却经常受到重视并得到表达。解决这一难题的一个办法是,感恩具有不同的方面:它既能赋予人一种义务感,又能加强社会关系。因此,在不太重视自主性的文化背景下,感恩可能与负债有更强的关联,但在更重视自主性的文化背景下,感恩可能与亲近他人的愿望有关联。我们对来自美国、印度、以色列、波兰、韩国和土耳其的样本(N = 2,093)进行了测试,以了解负债动机、与他人联系的动机和享乐主义情感平衡的动机如何预测对神的感激之情和人际感激之情。研究结果表明,这些相关因素与感恩的关系存在很大的文化差异。我们将讨论如何通过感恩来理解人际关系的文化差异。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Unpacking the components of positive affect variability: Implications for psychological health across contexts. 解读积极情绪变异的组成部分:不同情境下对心理健康的影响。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001416
David J Disabato, Emily A Gawlik, Pallavi Aurora, Karin G Coifman

Prior research suggests variability of positive affect (PA), or the degree to which an individual's experience of PA is variable rather than stable, is associated with worse psychological health. However, it is unclear whether different aspects of PA variability serve different psychological functions. One possibility is that changes in PA in response to rewarding contexts, or PA reactivity, serve a healthy function, while general instability of PA from one moment to the next serves an unhealthy function. The current investigation separated out PA reactivity to pleasant activities from general PA instability. We tested associations in three experience-sampling studies collected between 2012 and 2020 (N = 323). An internal meta-analysis revealed a significant association between PA reactivity to pleasant activities and less well-being. Moderation by average levels of PA was present but inconsistent across studies. We discuss how PA reactions to rewarding contexts may not necessarily reflect healthy emotion regulation and consider that "mood brightening" effects in daily life may indicate ill-being rather than well-being. Caution is warranted when interpreting the primary findings, as the indirect effect of PA reactivity was significant in only one of the three individual studies, and the effect was only found for the outcome of well-being and not distress. Results can be most confidently generalized to White adults living in the Midwest region of the United States. Future research should test not only the intensity of PA reactivity to rewarding contexts but also how long a person can sustain elevated PA-in relation to psychological health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

先前的研究表明,积极情绪(PA)的可变性,或者说一个人的积极情绪体验可变而非稳定的程度,与心理健康状况的恶化有关。然而,目前还不清楚积极情感变化的不同方面是否具有不同的心理功能。一种可能的情况是,PA 对奖励情境的响应变化或 PA 反应性具有健康功能,而 PA 从一而终的普遍不稳定性则具有不健康功能。目前的调查将对愉快活动的反应性与一般的反应性不稳定性区分开来。我们在 2012 年至 2020 年间收集的三项经验取样研究中测试了两者之间的关联(N = 323)。一项内部荟萃分析显示,愉快活动的 PA 反应性与幸福感较低之间存在显著关联。平均 PA 水平的调节作用是存在的,但在不同研究中并不一致。我们讨论了对有益情境的 PA 反应不一定能反映健康的情绪调节,并认为日常生活中的 "情绪提振 "效应可能预示着不健康而非幸福。在解释主要研究结果时需要谨慎,因为在三项单独的研究中,只有一项研究的PA反应性的间接效应是显著的,而且该效应只对幸福感而非痛苦的结果有影响。研究结果最有信心推广到生活在美国中西部地区的白人成年人。未来的研究不仅要测试PA对奖励情境的反应强度,还要测试一个人能够维持多长时间的PA升高--这与心理健康有关。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Emotion
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