Emotion最新文献

Kama Muta, a relatively new construct, is an emotion of social connection that describes the feeling of being moved to love through five key dimensions. Despite the growing body of research on the beneficial outcomes of Kama Muta, little is known about its antecedents. To fill this gap, this research focuses on the emergence of Kama Muta during social interactions by specifically examining what triggers this emotion in conversations. The theory on Kama Muta suggests it emerges in response to sudden relationship intensification. We propose that, in conversation, this intensification is most likely triggered by high-quality listening. We examined whether high-quality listening, characterized by undivided attention, understanding, acceptance, nonjudgment, and positive intentions, is associated with Kama Muta for both speakers and listeners. Data were collected across three studies (total N = 1,126), employing scenarios (Study 1), recall (Study 2), and live online conversations conducted via Zoom (Study 3). We found general support for our hypotheses. Specifically, both speakers (Studies 1-3) and listeners (Studies 2-3) experiencing high-quality listening reported greater Kama Muta compared to those exposed to lower quality listening. The consistency of these results varied across different dimensions of Kama Muta. This work offers novel insights into a previously unexplored social behavior that can act as an antecedent of Kama Muta and contributes to the listening literature, which has predominantly focused on the effects on speakers. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

This study addresses the long-standing debate on whether the subcortical or cortical visual pathway underlies rapid transmission of threat-related information. Using a single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol to transiently disrupt V1/V2 function at various time points, we examined the necessity of early visual cortices at different phases of fear processing. Our results showed that early disruption of V1/V2 had no effect on fearful emotion recognition under conditions of limited visual accessibility (N = 28 adults), but significantly impaired fear recognition when visual accessibility was increased (N = 28 adults). Notably, the impairment occurred as early as 30 ms poststimulus onset and was specific to low spatial frequency information, in stark contrast to the impairment on nonaffective content of the stimuli. These findings suggest a dual-pathway system in the human brain that flexibly engages either the subcortical or cortical pathway, depending on the availability of threat information in the environment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The success of regulation attempts is highly context-specific, with factors that vary within people and across contexts such as emotional clarity and beliefs about emotion impacting the likelihood that strategies will lead to success. Regulation goal clarity, or how clear people are about their goals for regulating, may be a contextual factor that facilitates the selection of appropriate strategies to promote more successful regulation. The present study examined whether regulation goal clarity may enhance the likelihood that implementing strategies results in successful regulation in daily life. We hypothesized that regulation goal clarity will moderate the relation between use of regulation strategies and success such that greater goal clarity would strengthen the strategy-success link. A sample of 130 undergraduates completed a 14-day daily diary protocol during which they reported a major stressor, the use and helpfulness of strategies, and the clarity of their goals. Results revealed that goal clarity moderated the relationship between the use of problem-focused strategies and regulation success, such that higher strategy use was associated with greater regulation success at higher levels of goal clarity. No significant effects emerged with goal clarity as a moderator for the emotion-focused strategies-success link. It may be that problem-focused strategies are associated with greater action orientation, for which clarity is beneficial in guiding goal pursuit. Future work should continue to investigate the role of goal clarity in regulation, given that it is a goal-directed process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Emotions do not simply turn on and off again in an instant; rather, emotions rise and fall gradually, often persisting for a considerable period. Although it is normative for emotions to show a degree of momentum-a phenomenon known as emotional inertia-the tendency for emotions to be overly persistent has been associated with psychological maladjustment. However, the mechanisms underlying emotional inertia remain unclear. We aimed to fill this gap in the present study by investigating how the persistence of affect over time (emotional inertia) is mediated-at the within-person level-by the use of emotion-regulation strategies in daily life. We ran secondary analyses on eight experience sampling data sets collected between 2009 and 2021 (total N = 948 participants measured at 73,472 occasions), in which participants reported their momentary experiences of positive affect and negative affect and their recent use of four emotion-regulation strategies (distraction, cognitive reappraisal, rumination, and expressive suppression). We used dynamic structural equation modeling to estimate indirect effects of each strategy on the inertia of positive affect and negative affect. All four strategies reliably mediated both negative affect inertia and (to a lesser extent) positive affect inertia, supporting the notion that the use of emotion-regulation strategies represents a mechanism underpinning emotional inertia, at least among highly educated, nonclinical, Australian and Belgian young adults. However, each regulation strategy reduced the total autoregressive slope of affect at t-1 predicting affect at t by no more than 13%, suggesting factors other than emotion-regulation strategies also play important roles in emotional inertia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

This research examined the effect of peripheral information on emotional responses and depression-related differences in this effect. In two experiments, undergraduate students, representing a subclinical sample with varying levels of depression, rated their emotional responses to neutral and negative target pictures. The target pictures were presented alone or with negative and neutral peripheral pictures (Study 1), or with negative and positive pictures (Study 2). As predicted, across studies, depressive symptoms were associated with more negative emotional responses to neutral pictures when these were presented in the context of peripheral negative pictures as compared to neutral or positive peripheral pictures. Contrary to predictions, positive peripheral pictures did not attenuate responses to negative target pictures, and depression did not moderate the effect of positive information on emotional responses. These results highlight the potential impact of contextual negative peripheral information on the emotional responses of individuals with depressive symptoms and suggest avenues for exploring interventions aimed at modifying negative affective responses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Although there is strong evidence for the role of emotion in climate change-mitigating behaviors (Brosch, 2021), little is known about the role of emotion regulation in climate action (Panno et al., 2015). Our studies (a correlational study and an experiment, conducted in 2022) investigated the role of emotion regulation in emotional responses to climate change and the likelihood of taking climate change-mitigating actions. In Study 1, 151 participants from the United States and Canada read about the detrimental effects of climate change before recording their emotional responses, emotion regulation strategies used in response to climate change information, and climate actions (proenvironmental behaviors and civic engagement in environmental actions). Some emotion regulation strategies predicted climate action, including when controlling for demographic variables. In Study 2, 245 participants from the United States watched a video on the negative consequences of climate change, rated their emotions, and were randomly assigned to distraction, worrying, or positive reappraisal in response to the video. Next, they were given the option to sign an environmental petition and donate money to an environmental organization before rating their intentions to engage in climate actions. Distraction reduced negative emotion, and positive reappraisal increased hope. The effects of emotion regulation on engagement in climate action were mixed. Exploratory mediation analyses indicated that worrying and reappraisal increased intentions to engage in climate action via negative emotion. Further experimental research on the effects of emotion regulation on climate action will be important for informing communications about climate change to protect mental health while motivating action. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Emotion understanding and emotion regulation play important roles in children's development, but we have only a limited understanding of how these constructs are socialized. Constructionist theories suggest that as children engage in interactions with caregivers, they learn to associate words naming emotion categories with conceptual representations of specific emotions, leading to greater emotion understanding. In this preregistered study, we posit emotion word knowledge as a key feature of emotion understanding. Using path analysis with a cross-sectional sample of 252 mainly low socioeconomic status children (aged 4-8 years) and their caregivers collected between 2018 and 2024, we examined indirect effects of implicit parental emotion socialization (difficulties with emotion regulation and emotional expressivity) on children's emotion regulation through children's emotion word knowledge. While parental difficulties with emotion regulation and expressivity were unrelated to children's emotion word knowledge, child emotion word knowledge predicted parent reports of children's adaptive emotion regulation. In addition, we observed an indirect effect of children's verbal intelligence on adaptive emotion regulation through children's emotion word knowledge. In contrast, we observed a direct effect of parental difficulties with emotion regulation on children's dysregulation. These findings align with constructionist theories underscoring the importance of emotion word knowledge for the development of emotion regulation skills and begin to shine light on how family contexts might support children's development of emotion word knowledge. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Difficulties in emotion regulation during adolescence have been linked to depression. Early identification of deficits in emotion regulation may help prevent the onset of depression. This study investigated whether emotion regulation dynamics, particularly the strength of regulation to one's affective equilibrium (damping) inferred from the damped oscillator model, predicts future depressive symptoms in adolescents. We hypothesized that the relationship between damping and long-term outcomes would depend on the position of an individual's equilibrium. From July 2019 to May 2024, participants (N = 115) aged 12-15 completed smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment for 30 days, rating six emotions four times daily. The damped oscillator model was applied to each participant's time-series data, yielding person-specific frequency of oscillations (η) and damping (ζ) parameters. These parameters were then used to predict depressive symptoms at 6- and 12-month follow-ups controlling for baseline levels of depression. Results revealed that the interaction between the damping parameter and the equilibrium position significantly predicted depressive symptoms for sadness, but not for other emotions. For individuals with higher equilibrium levels of sadness, stronger damping predicted higher follow-up depressive symptoms. Additionally, higher frequency of oscillation around the equilibrium-representing greater elasticity and less rigidity-of two emotions (interest and happiness) predicted fewer depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that the adaptive value of rapid emotional recovery depends on one's baseline emotional state. Tracking emotion regulation dynamics of both positive and negative emotions may improve our ability to identify adolescents at risk for depression before symptoms emerge, thereby informing targeted intervention and prevention efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Are anxious individuals aware that their attention is excessively captured by threat-related stimuli? If so, how accurate is this awareness? Accurate attentional monitoring is crucial for effective attentional control, as it enables individuals to recognize whether and to what extent attentional control is necessary. The present study investigates how accurately individuals (recruited in 2023-2024) monitor their attentional bias toward an angry face and whether this ability is associated with anxiety levels. Adopting a novel approach that involves average facial expression and attentional allocation judgments, we demonstrate that individuals can monitor their attentional bias toward an angry face. However, anxious individuals tend to underestimate their greater attentional bias, despite having an intact ability to monitor trial-by-trial variations in attentional bias; this may explain why they exhibit impaired attentional control. This study provides a novel theoretical framework that incorporates attentional monitoring processes to more comprehensively understand the relationship between attention and anxiety. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Research suggests that disgust may be more resistant to extinction than fear, with implications for anxiety disorder treatment. Theory suggests that disgust and fear are driven by distinct cognitive learning mechanisms, yet limited research has directly compared them experimentally as most prior work has examined either fear or disgust in isolation, often using different types of unconditioned stimuli (US). In the present online investigation (collected spring 2025), n = 332 participants (i.e., majority White and female undergraduates) were randomly assigned to one of four differential conditioning paradigms, each defined by the emotion and sensory modality of the US: (a) disgust-auditory (DA), (b) fear-auditory (FA), (c) disgust-images, or (d) fear-images. Participants rated the conditioned stimuli (CSs) using a standard US expectancy scale to assess expectancy learning and using discrete emotion ratings (fear and disgust) and valence ratings (pleasantness) to assess evaluative learning. During acquisition, the DA condition showed the strongest learning when measured via discrete emotion ratings, while the FA condition showed the strongest and fastest expectancy learning. DA was also the most resistant to extinction across both evaluative measures. No group differences emerged for reinstatement based on evaluative indices; however, FA produced the strongest reinstatement in US expectancy, while DA showed the weakest. Overall, results support the idea of differences in learning mechanism, suggesting that disgust learning is driven primarily by evaluative cognition, whereas fear learning is driven by expectancy cognition. Disgust's relative resistance to extinction may be a mechanism explaining poorer treatment outcomes for disorders characterized by heightened disgust. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).