Journal of Development Economics最新文献

英文中文

Judicial institution and innovation: Evidence from China's intellectual property courts reform 司法制度与创新：来自中国知识产权法院改革的证据

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103630

Liyang Wan , Qian Wan , Zichao Yang , Ying Zhao

This paper examines the impact of intellectual property judicial institutions on innovation, focusing on the intellectual property courts (IPCs) reform in China. We find that IPCs reform leads to a significant 22.6 % increase in the number of invention patents at the city level, equating to an average rise of 215 annually. Notably, we rule out the possibility of inter-region and intra-conglomerate transfer of patents, indicating that the effect of the IPCs reform on innovation is not a zero-sum game among regions. Furthermore, we find that the IPCs reform alters the patent structure by shifting the focus from utility and design patents to invention patents; however, it does not appear to significantly improve invention patent quality. Mechanism analyses suggest that the IPCs reform increases social satisfaction with judicial protection of intellectual property, shorter case duration and higher plaintiff winning rates in intellectual property cases.

本文以中国知识产权法院改革为研究对象，考察了知识产权司法制度对创新的影响。我们发现，IPCs改革导致城市一级的发明专利数量显著增加22.6%，相当于平均每年增加215件。值得注意的是，我们排除了地区间和企业内部专利转移的可能性，这表明ipcc改革对创新的影响不是区域间的零和游戏。此外，我们发现IPCs改革改变了专利结构，将重点从实用新型和外观设计专利转向发明专利；然而，它似乎并没有显著提高发明专利质量。机制分析表明，知识产权制度改革提高了社会对知识产权司法保护的满意度，缩短了案件审理时间，提高了知识产权案件的原告胜诉率。

引用次数: 0

Unreliable firms: Evidence from Rwanda 不可靠的公司：来自卢旺达的证据

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103611

Vishan Gandhi Nigam , Brandon Joel Tan

This paper measures reliability – whether firms execute transactions on-schedule – for the universe of Rwandan formal firms using transaction timing data and describes the characteristics of reliable firms. Reliable firms have larger interfirm sales, export more, supply exporters and multinationals, and transact with other reliable firms. Reliable firms are less sensitive to supply chain disruptions. Supplying an MNC increases seller reliability even when servicing non-MNC buyers.

本文利用交易时间数据测量了卢旺达正规企业的可靠性——企业是否按计划执行交易，并描述了可靠企业的特征。可靠的公司有更大的公司间销售，出口更多，供应出口商和跨国公司，并与其他可靠的公司进行交易。可靠的公司对供应链中断不那么敏感。即使在为非跨国公司的买家提供服务时，提供跨国公司也会增加卖家的可靠性。

引用次数: 0

Who benefits from public services? Novel evidence and implications for inequality measurement 谁从公共服务中受益？不平等测量的新证据和启示

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103627

Amory Gethin

Traditional inequality statistics focus on disposable income, ignoring households’ consumption of public services. This article provides novel evidence on the distributional incidence of public goods, combining budget data with rich microdata in the context of post-apartheid South Africa. Redistribution through public services is large and has considerably grown. The poorest 50% consume 60% of public education, 50% of healthcare, 40% of police and local government services, and only 7% of transport infrastructure. In-kind transfers received by the poorest 50% are three times larger than cash transfers and can account for half of real income growth among this group since 1993. These results have major implications for recent debates on inequality measures consistent with macroeconomic growth: existing methods underestimate the rise of redistribution by 60%.

传统的不平等统计关注的是可支配收入，而忽略了家庭对公共服务的消费。本文结合预算数据和丰富的微观数据，在南非后种族隔离的背景下，为公共产品的分配发生率提供了新的证据。通过公共服务进行的再分配规模很大，而且已经大幅增长。最贫穷的50%消费了60%的公共教育，50%的医疗保健，40%的警察和地方政府服务，只有7%的交通基础设施。最贫困的50%人口收到的实物转移支付是现金转移支付的三倍，占1993年以来该群体实际收入增长的一半。这些结果对最近关于与宏观经济增长相一致的不平等衡量标准的辩论具有重大意义：现有方法低估了再分配的增长60%。

引用次数: 0

Pollution reduction effects of new transregional power transmission systems: Evidence from ultra-high-voltage projects of China 新型跨区域输电系统的污染减排效果：来自中国超高压工程的证据

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103641

Shenggang Ren , Li Zhao , Peng Zhang , Caiquan Bai

Many countries face challenges due to the geographical mismatch of energy supply and demand. Traditional high-voltage transmission systems have limited capacity to meet the rising need for transregional electricity transfer. China's recently developed ultra-high-voltage (UHV) transmission system presents a promising solution. This study quantifies the pollution reduction effects of UHV transmission using firm-level data on emissions and energy consumption. Employing a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) design that accounts for regional heterogeneity, we find that the operation of UHV lines reduces firms' total SO₂ emissions by 16.8 % on average and emission intensity by 17.1 %. Mechanism analysis indicates that the UHV system provides low-cost and stable electricity, facilitating electrification in power importing areas. It also boosts hydropower generation in power exporting areas, displacing thermal power in power importing areas. Welfare analysis shows that incorporating environmental benefits reduces the investment payback period of UHV projects from 28 years to 5 years at a 2.5 % discount rate. These findings contribute to a comprehensive evaluation of transregional electricity infrastructure, particularly in developing economies where grid modernization is a key energy policy goal.

由于能源供需的地理不匹配，许多国家面临挑战。传统高压输电系统的容量有限，无法满足日益增长的跨区域输电需求。中国最近开发的特高压（UHV）输电系统提供了一个有希望的解决方案。本研究利用企业层面的排放和能源消耗数据，量化了特高压输电的污染减排效果。采用考虑区域异质性的交错差中差（DID）设计，我们发现特高压线路的运营平均降低了企业二氧化硫总排放量16.8%，排放强度降低了17.1%。机理分析表明，特高压系统提供低成本、稳定的电力，有利于输变电地区的电气化。它还促进了电力输出地区的水力发电，取代了电力输入地区的火电。福利分析表明，纳入环境效益将特高压项目的投资回收期从28年减少到5年，折扣率为2.5%。这些发现有助于对跨区域电力基础设施进行全面评估，特别是在电网现代化是关键能源政策目标的发展中经济体。

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引用次数: 0

Air pollution and manufacturing productivity: Understanding the roles of technology and adaptation 空气污染与制造业生产力：了解技术和适应的作用

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103597

Jamie Hansen-Lewis

I analyze the impact of air pollution on manufacturing productivity in India, examining how technology and adaptation influence the damages. Using firm panel and satellite-derived pollution data, I estimate the effect of pollution on productivity, with wind velocity serving as an instrument for air pollution. While sensitivity is detected among labor-intensive industries, no meaningful average effect is found. To explain these patterns, I present a model showing that firms adapt by lowering output to mitigate pollution damages and that industries’ production technology contributes to heterogeneity. Applying the model, I estimate that a one standard deviation increase in the labor intensity of production technology results in a 0.6 percentage point greater negative impact of pollution on productivity. The findings imply that the damages of pollution to profits are twice as high among adversely affected industries than the average and four times higher when inputs remain fixed relative to when they adapt.

我分析了空气污染对印度制造业生产力的影响，研究了技术和适应如何影响损害。利用固定面板和卫星导出的污染数据，我估计了污染对生产力的影响，风速作为空气污染的一种工具。虽然在劳动密集型产业中发现了敏感性，但没有发现有意义的平均效应。为了解释这些模式，我提出了一个模型，表明企业通过降低产量来减轻污染损害，而行业的生产技术有助于异质性。运用该模型，笔者估计生产技术的劳动强度每增加一个标准差，污染对生产率的负面影响就会增加0.6个百分点。研究结果表明，在受到不利影响的行业中，污染对利润的损害是平均水平的两倍，而在投入保持固定的情况下，污染对利润的损害是适应时的四倍。

引用次数: 0

Effects of emigration on labor markets in migrant origin areas: Evidence from internal migration in Indonesia 移民对移民原籍地区劳动力市场的影响：来自印度尼西亚内部移民的证据

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103623

David H. Buller, Marieke Kleemans

We study the effects of internal migration in Indonesia on labor market outcomes of non-migrants in origin areas. To address endogeneity of the decision to migrate, we instrument emigration rates with shift-share labor demand shocks in destination areas interacted with historical migration patterns. Using detailed longitudinal data from over 36,000 individuals, whom we observe over a 27-year period, we find that a one percentage point increase in the emigration rate leads to a 3.42% increase in hourly income for those who stay in origin areas. Given the high degree of informality in Indonesia, we then look separately at effects for formal- and informal-sector workers. In line with a dual-sector labor market model, we find that employment effects are concentrated in the formal sector and income effects are most pronounced in the informal sector. Even though emigrants tend to be higher-educated, lower-educated non-migrants benefit the most as they switch to formal sector work and benefit from higher earnings in the informal sector.

我们研究了印尼内部移民对原籍地区非移民劳动力市场结果的影响。为了解决迁移决策的内生性问题，我们测量了移民率与目的地地区轮班份额劳动力需求冲击与历史迁移模式的相互作用。通过对超过36,000人的详细纵向数据进行27年的观察，我们发现，对于那些留在原籍地区的人来说，移民率每增加一个百分点，每小时收入就会增加3.42%。鉴于印尼的高度非正式性，我们随后分别研究了对正规部门和非正规部门工人的影响。根据双部门劳动力市场模型，我们发现就业效应主要集中在正规部门，而收入效应在非正规部门最为明显。尽管移民往往受教育程度较高，但受教育程度较低的非移民在转向正规部门工作并从非正规部门的较高收入中受益最多。

引用次数: 0

The effectiveness of carbon emission trading system: Evidence from China's regional markets 碳排放交易制度的有效性：来自中国区域市场的证据

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103631

Yue Li , Jing Zhao

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of China's regional carbon markets, which in 2018 covered 692 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions, over 40 % of the coverage of the European Union's ETS. Utilizing a comprehensive city-level panel and synthetic difference-in-differences estimation, we find that China's regional ETSs significantly reduced carbon emissions without negatively impacting city-level economic activities, as measured by nighttime lights and firm-level revenue and profit. This suggests that carbon mitigation can occur alongside economic growth. Emissions reduction was achieved through broad structural transformation and green technologies adoption, rather than green innovation. Effects are more pronounced in regions with greater power sector competition and stronger local state capacity. Finally, we find no evidence of carbon leakage to neighboring areas or to cities with close production ties to ETS cities.

本文评估了中国区域碳市场的有效性，该市场在2018年覆盖了6.92亿吨二氧化碳排放量，超过欧盟碳排放交易体系覆盖范围的40%。利用综合城市水平面板和综合差中差估计，我们发现中国的区域碳排放交易体系显著减少了碳排放，而没有对城市层面的经济活动产生负面影响，这是通过夜间灯光和企业层面的收入和利润来衡量的。这表明，碳减排可以在经济增长的同时进行。减排是通过广泛的结构转型和采用绿色技术实现的，而不是通过绿色创新。在电力部门竞争更激烈、地方政府能力更强的地区，这种影响更为明显。最后，我们没有发现碳泄漏到邻近地区或与排放交易体系城市有密切生产联系的城市的证据。

引用次数: 0

Does ancestry shape access to education? Evidence from surnames in Colombia 血统决定了受教育的机会吗？来自哥伦比亚姓氏的证据

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103626

Juliana Jaramillo-Echeverri , Andrés Álvarez

We examine the deep historical roots of contemporary disparities in access to high-quality education in Colombia. Using rare surnames to follow lineages of ethnic minorities and elites from the colonial era to the early 20th century, we analyze whether ancestry predicts access to educational institutions. Our findings reveal strong correlations: Students with Afro-Colombian or Indigenous surnames are less likely to be enrolled in high-quality schools and more likely to be attending low-quality schools, while those with elite surnames show the opposite pattern. Although we observe regression to the mean for some historical elites, privileged access to education holds over time for persistent elites. We explore assortative mating as a mechanism behind this persistence in inequality of opportunity. We find that marriage patterns differ significantly between attendees of high- and low-quality schools, with homogamy reinforcing educational disparities. These results demonstrate the enduring influence of past-rooted hierarchies on contemporary educational inequality in one of Latin America’s most unequal countries.

我们研究了哥伦比亚在获得高质量教育方面的当代差异的深刻历史根源。我们使用罕见的姓氏来追踪从殖民时代到20世纪初的少数民族和精英的血统，分析祖先是否预示着接受教育的机会。我们的研究结果显示了很强的相关性：拥有非裔哥伦比亚姓氏或土著姓氏的学生不太可能进入高质量学校，而更有可能进入低质量学校，而拥有精英姓氏的学生则表现出相反的模式。虽然我们观察到一些历史上的精英回归到平均水平，但随着时间的推移，对于坚持不懈的精英来说，获得教育的特权仍然存在。我们探索选型交配作为这种机会不平等的持久性背后的机制。我们发现，高质量学校和低质量学校的学生之间的婚姻模式存在显著差异，同性婚姻加剧了教育差距。这些结果表明，在拉丁美洲最不平等的国家之一，根深蒂固的等级制度对当代教育不平等的持久影响。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of nutrition support on behavioral outcomes and labor productivity 营养支持对行为结果和劳动生产率的影响

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103613

Seollee Park , Hyuncheol Bryant Kim

While many of the world’s poor consume inadequate calories with low nutritional value, there has been little work on how this may shape their behaviors and productivity. Using lab-in-the-field and field experiments in the context of a floriculture plant in Ethiopia, this study investigates the effects of a nutrition support program on behavioral outcomes—stress, prosociality, cooperation, and attention—and productivity. We find that nutrition support relieves stress and decreases prosociality, exhibiting a pattern of hedonic adaptation over time. We do not find evidence for improvements in labor productivity.

虽然世界上许多穷人摄入的卡路里不足，营养价值低，但关于这可能如何影响他们的行为和生产力的研究却很少。本研究以埃塞俄比亚的一个花卉栽培工厂为背景，通过实地和实验室实验，调查了营养支持计划对行为结果（压力、亲社会、合作和注意力）和生产力的影响。我们发现，随着时间的推移，营养支持可以缓解压力，减少亲社会行为，表现出一种享乐适应模式。我们没有发现劳动生产率提高的证据。

引用次数: 0

Digitalization as a double-edged sword: Winning services and losing manufacturing in India 数字化是一把双刃剑：印度服务业赢了，制造业输了

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103618

Yutong Chen

Digitalization can increase firm productivity, but in developing countries with labor market frictions, not all firms are able to capitalize on digitalization opportunities. This study uses data from India – where a demonetization policy led to a large increase in digital payments – to examine the impacts of digitalization on firms across sectors in a developing country in the short run. I find that service firms experienced growth in income and productivity while manufacturing firms witnessed a decline. I then explore the mechanisms driving this divergence. The results show that service firms invested more in information and communications technology (ICT) capital and hired more complementary skilled ICT labor, whereas manufacturing firms did not. Notably, this influx of skilled ICT workers into the service sector was drawn from the manufacturing sector due to limited spatial labor mobility. During this period, wages for ICT labor were driven up while remaining stagnant for other workers. These findings underscore how digitalization, in the presence of labor market constraints, can exacerbate short-term sectoral divergence in productivity growth and shed light on its impacts on the growth trajectories of developing countries.

数字化可以提高企业生产率，但在存在劳动力市场摩擦的发展中国家，并非所有企业都能够利用数字化机会。本研究使用来自印度的数据——印度的废钞政策导致了数字支付的大幅增长——来研究数字化在短期内对发展中国家各行业企业的影响。我发现，服务企业的收入和生产率都在增长，而制造业企业的收入和生产率却在下降。然后，我将探讨导致这种分歧的机制。结果表明，服务业企业对信息通信技术（ICT）资本的投入和雇佣互补性较强的熟练ICT劳动力，而制造业企业则不然。值得注意的是，由于劳动力空间流动性有限，流入服务部门的熟练信通技术工人来自制造业。在此期间，信息通信技术劳动力的工资上涨，而其他工人的工资却停滞不前。这些发现强调了在劳动力市场存在约束的情况下，数字化如何加剧生产率增长的短期部门差异，并揭示了其对发展中国家增长轨迹的影响。

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