Journal of Development Economics最新文献

英文中文

Gender differences in judicial decisions under incomplete information: Evidence from child support cases 信息不完全情况下司法判决中的性别差异：来自子女抚养案件的证据

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103622

Roberto Asmat , Lajos Kossuth

We study gender differences in child support rulings by judges in cases where defendants (fathers) may work in either the formal or informal sector. Our identification strategy exploits the random assignment of cases to courts presided over by individual judges. We find that female judges award child support amounts that are 0.18 standard deviations lower than those awarded by male judges. When focusing on defendants working in the informal sector (who constitute over 70% of the cases), the gap appears to stem from female judges’ greater skepticism toward what they perceive as inflated claims by plaintiffs, influencing their beliefs about defendants’ earnings. We further explore four potential mechanisms behind the gap that also include formal cases: bias against female plaintiffs, workplace masculinization, interactions with other judge characteristics, and differences in legal objectives. We do not find conclusive statistical support for these mechanisms.

我们研究了在被告（父亲）可能在正式或非正式部门工作的情况下，法官在子女抚养裁决中的性别差异。我们的识别策略利用随机分配案件到个别法官主持的法院。我们发现女法官判给孩子的抚养费比男法官判给孩子的抚养费低0.18个标准差。当关注在非正规部门工作的被告（占案件的70%以上）时，这种差距似乎源于女性法官对原告夸大索赔的更大怀疑，从而影响了她们对被告收入的看法。我们进一步探讨了这种差距背后的四种潜在机制，包括正式案件：对女性原告的偏见、工作场所的男性化、与其他法官特征的互动以及法律目标的差异。我们没有找到对这些机制的结论性统计支持。

引用次数: 0

Public good or public bad? Nation-building and Indigenous institutions 公共利益还是公共利益？国家建设和土著机构

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103652

Aldo Elizalde , Eduardo Hidalgo , Nayeli Salgado , Sotiris Kampanelis

While existing evidence shows that nation-building policies unify societies, little is known about how and what makes some societal groups to resist them. We examine this in the context of the post-Mexican Revolution (1920s–1950s), when the new state implemented a nation-building policy to eliminate Indigenous cultures and identities by increasing connectivity via transport infrastructure. In a difference-in-differences design, we leverage heterogeneity in the exposure to pre-colonial political centralisation as a proxy for the ability of Indigenous populations in mobilising to resist national integration. We find that the expansion of transport infrastructure was lower in municipalities with a stronger efficacy of Indigenous mobilisation. We demonstrate that this underprovision of public goods can be partly explained by Indigenous identity preservation and high abilities for collective actions.

虽然现有的证据表明，国家建设政策统一了社会，但人们对一些社会群体如何以及是什么抵制这些政策知之甚少。我们在墨西哥革命后（20世纪20年代至50年代）的背景下研究这一点，当时新国家实施了一项国家建设政策，通过增加交通基础设施的连通性来消除土著文化和身份。在差异中的差异设计中，我们利用前殖民时期政治集中化暴露的异质性作为土著居民动员抵抗民族一体化能力的代理。我们发现，在土著居民动员效率较高的城市，交通基础设施的扩张程度较低。我们证明，这种公共产品供应不足可以部分解释为土著身份保护和集体行动的高能力。

引用次数: 0

Remote tutoring in Latin America 拉丁美洲远程辅导

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103687

Facundo Albornoz , Gonzalo Almeyda Torres , María Lombardi , Victoria Oubiña , Pablo Zoido Lobaton

We study the effect of a randomized one-on-one remote phone tutoring program implemented between 2021 and 2023. The intervention reached almost seven thousand students in seven Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay and Peru. The program targeted students with low initial learning levels and focused on foundational numeracy skills using a differentiated instruction approach. We find that assignment to tutoring increased student test scores by 0.2 SD. Tutoring benefited all students, with no differential effects by gender, age, socioeconomic status, or baseline scores. We find suggestive evidence that students who reported difficulties with concentration or memory may have benefited more. Finally, we find that students with lower initial performance exhibited larger improvements in more basic mathematical operations, whereas those with better performance at baseline saw larger gains in more complex operations. This underscores the importance of offering differentiated instruction based on students’ initial performance.

我们研究了在2021年至2023年间实施的随机一对一远程电话辅导计划的效果。干预措施覆盖了七个拉丁美洲国家的近7000名学生：阿根廷、巴西、萨尔瓦多、危地马拉、墨西哥、巴拉圭和秘鲁。该项目针对的是初始学习水平较低的学生，并采用差异化的教学方法，专注于基础计算技能。我们发现课外辅导使学生的考试成绩提高了0.2个标准差。辅导使所有学生受益，没有性别、年龄、社会经济地位或基线分数的差异影响。我们发现有启发性的证据表明，报告注意力或记忆力有困难的学生可能受益更多。最后，我们发现初始表现较差的学生在更基本的数学运算中表现出更大的进步，而那些在基线表现较好的学生在更复杂的运算中表现出更大的进步。这强调了根据学生的初始表现提供差异化教学的重要性。

引用次数: 0

Can a light-touch graduation model enhance livelihood outcomes? Evidence from Ethiopia 轻触式毕业模式能改善民生吗？来自埃塞俄比亚的证据

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103682

Jessica Leight , Daniel Gilligan , Melissa Hidrobo , Harold Alderman , Michael Mulford

In recent years, a growing literature has examined the potential of multifaceted, intensive graduation models that address multiple barriers constraining households’ exit from poverty. In this paper, we present new evidence from a randomized trial of a lighter-touch (less intensive) graduation model implemented in Ethiopia. The primary experimental arms are a bundled intervention including a transfer valued at PPP $374 (randomly assigned to be cash or equivalent value in poultry), training, and savings groups; a simpler intervention including training and savings groups only; and a control arm. We find that three years post-baseline, the intervention inclusive of the transfer leads to increases in savings and cash income from livestock, though there is no shift in consumption or food security and very little evidence of asset accumulation; these effects are generally consistent regardless of the modality of the transfer (cash versus poultry). The effects of training and savings groups alone are minimal.

近年来，越来越多的文献研究了多方面、密集的毕业模型的潜力，这些模型解决了制约家庭摆脱贫困的多重障碍。在本文中，我们提出了来自埃塞俄比亚实施的轻触式（不密集）毕业模式的随机试验的新证据。主要实验组是一揽子干预措施，包括价值374美元的购买力平价转移（随机分配为现金或等值家禽）、培训和储蓄组；更简单的干预措施，只包括培训和储蓄团体；还有一个控制臂。我们发现，在基线后三年，包括转移在内的干预导致储蓄和牲畜现金收入增加，尽管消费或粮食安全没有变化，而且很少有证据表明资产积累；无论转移方式如何（现金还是家禽），这些影响通常都是一致的。仅靠培训和储蓄小组的作用是微乎其微的。

引用次数: 0

Does social identity constrain rural entrepreneurship? Evidence on the role of financial inclusion 社会身份是否制约了农村企业家精神？关于普惠金融作用的证据

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103669

Sandhya Garg , Samarth Gupta , Sushanta Mallick

This paper examines whether improved financial access can mitigate the constraints imposed by social identity on entrepreneurship among under-privileged caste groups in India. Using a novel dataset on Indian villages and their proximity to bank branches, we find that closer access to a bank branch significantly enhances entrepreneurial activity among Scheduled Castes (SCs) in non-agricultural sectors, especially in those sectors that are traditionally dominated by upper-caste groups. These findings are more pronounced in villages where the improvement in proximity was plausibly exogenous, resulting from the RBI's Bank Branch Expansion Policy of 2005. For Scheduled Tribes (STs), however, financial access is associated with a gain in the size of hired employment within enterprises. Exploring several mechanisms, we find that these effects are primarily driven by credit uptake. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of financial inclusion in breaking rigid social norms around the entrenched caste-based occupational segregation and promoting more equitable economic participation in India.

本文考察了改善金融渠道是否可以减轻社会身份对印度弱势种姓群体创业的限制。利用印度村庄及其靠近银行分支机构的新数据集，我们发现，靠近银行分支机构显著提高了非农业部门中表列种姓（SCs）的创业活动，特别是在那些传统上由上层种姓群体主导的部门。这些发现在村庄中更为明显，在那里，距离的改善似乎是外生的，这是印度央行2005年银行分行扩张政策的结果。然而，对于排期部落（STs）来说，获得资金与企业内雇佣人数的增加有关。通过对几个机制的探索，我们发现这些影响主要是由信贷吸收驱动的。总体而言，我们的研究结果强调了普惠金融在打破围绕根深蒂固的基于种姓的职业隔离的严格社会规范和促进印度更公平的经济参与方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Stimulating local economies through central transfers: A natural experiment from Ecuador 通过中央转移支付刺激地方经济：厄瓜多尔的自然实验

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103664

Leonardo Sánchez-Aragón , Gonzalo E. Sánchez , Wladimir Zanoni

This paper provides causal evidence on the economic impact of central-to-local government transfers in a developing country context. We exploit plausibly exogenous variation in municipal transfers generated by a 2018 reform to Ecuador’s intergovernmental allocation formula. Using a design-based instrumental variables strategy, we estimate that a 1% increase in government transfers led to a 0.94% increase in total business sales in 2018 and 1.05% in 2019. The strongest effects are found in non-VAT sales. Mechanism analysis shows that transfers boost local economic activity mainly through increased recurrent and capital spending, particularly wages and procurement, suggesting that well-designed transfers can act as effective local demand stimuli.

本文提供了发展中国家背景下中央对地方政府转移支付对经济影响的因果证据。我们利用了2018年厄瓜多尔政府间分配公式改革产生的市政转移支付中看似合理的外生变化。使用基于设计的工具变量策略，我们估计，政府转移支付增加1%，导致2018年企业总销售额增长0.94%，2019年增长1.05%。影响最大的是非增值税销售。机制分析表明，转移支付主要通过增加经常性支出和资本支出，特别是工资和采购来促进当地经济活动，这表明设计良好的转移支付可以有效地刺激当地需求。

引用次数: 0

The decision-makers we become: Early education and the decision-making of boys and girls 我们成为决策者：男孩和女孩的早期教育和决策

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103660

Leandro S. Carvalho , Joana Cardim , Pedro Carneiro , Damien de Walque

One way to advance our understanding of individual differences in decision-making is to study the development of children's decision-making. This paper studies the causal effects of daycare attendance on children's economic preferences and decision-making abilities, exploiting a lottery system that randomized admissions into oversubscribed daycare centers in Rio de Janeiro. Impacts are estimated separately for boys and girls. Daycare attendance increased the decision-making quality of boys by 0.16 standard deviations (SD) and the aversion of girls to disadvantageous inequality (i.e., having less than one's peer) by 0.23 SD. It also decreased the self-control of boys by 0.19 SD.

研究儿童决策的发展，是提高我们对决策个体差异理解的一种方法。本文研究了日托出勤率对儿童经济偏好和决策能力的因果影响，利用抽签系统随机录取超额认购的巴西里约热内卢日托中心。对男孩和女孩的影响是分开估计的。参加日托使男孩的决策质量提高了0.16个标准差（SD），使女孩对不利的不平等（即比同龄人少）的厌恶程度提高了0.23个标准差。它还使男孩的自制力降低了0.19个标准差。

引用次数: 0

Pollution reduction effects of new transregional power transmission systems: Evidence from ultra-high-voltage projects of China 新型跨区域输电系统的污染减排效果：来自中国超高压工程的证据

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103641

Shenggang Ren , Li Zhao , Peng Zhang , Caiquan Bai

Many countries face challenges due to the geographical mismatch of energy supply and demand. Traditional high-voltage transmission systems have limited capacity to meet the rising need for transregional electricity transfer. China's recently developed ultra-high-voltage (UHV) transmission system presents a promising solution. This study quantifies the pollution reduction effects of UHV transmission using firm-level data on emissions and energy consumption. Employing a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) design that accounts for regional heterogeneity, we find that the operation of UHV lines reduces firms' total SO₂ emissions by 16.8 % on average and emission intensity by 17.1 %. Mechanism analysis indicates that the UHV system provides low-cost and stable electricity, facilitating electrification in power importing areas. It also boosts hydropower generation in power exporting areas, displacing thermal power in power importing areas. Welfare analysis shows that incorporating environmental benefits reduces the investment payback period of UHV projects from 28 years to 5 years at a 2.5 % discount rate. These findings contribute to a comprehensive evaluation of transregional electricity infrastructure, particularly in developing economies where grid modernization is a key energy policy goal.

由于能源供需的地理不匹配，许多国家面临挑战。传统高压输电系统的容量有限，无法满足日益增长的跨区域输电需求。中国最近开发的特高压（UHV）输电系统提供了一个有希望的解决方案。本研究利用企业层面的排放和能源消耗数据，量化了特高压输电的污染减排效果。采用考虑区域异质性的交错差中差（DID）设计，我们发现特高压线路的运营平均降低了企业二氧化硫总排放量16.8%，排放强度降低了17.1%。机理分析表明，特高压系统提供低成本、稳定的电力，有利于输变电地区的电气化。它还促进了电力输出地区的水力发电，取代了电力输入地区的火电。福利分析表明，纳入环境效益将特高压项目的投资回收期从28年减少到5年，折扣率为2.5%。这些发现有助于对跨区域电力基础设施进行全面评估，特别是在电网现代化是关键能源政策目标的发展中经济体。

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引用次数: 0

Input substitution in electricity generation and industrial production: Evidence from India 发电和工业生产中的投入替代：来自印度的证据

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103614

Raavi Aggarwal

Carbon taxation is suggested as an efficient instrument for the clean energy transition. However, high resulting prices for coal and electricity could adversely impact industrial performance and employment by raising production costs. Integration of renewable energy in the electricity grid could stabilise electricity prices. We estimate the elasticity of substitution between labour and electricity among the formal and informal manufacturing sector in India. The results show labour and electricity are strong complements in manufacturing, with elasticities significantly below one, which suggests a carbon tax that raises electricity prices may reduce employment in firms. On the contrary, we find high substitutability between thermal (coal) and renewable energy-based electricity generation, with the elasticity of substitution estimated at 2.0–3.3. Our results suggest that electricity derived from renewable energy sources and supplied to industry at affordable prices could mitigate the adverse effects of a carbon tax in Indian industry.

碳税被认为是清洁能源转型的有效工具。然而，由此导致的高煤电价格可能会提高生产成本，从而对工业绩效和就业产生不利影响。将可再生能源纳入电网可以稳定电价。我们估计了印度正规和非正规制造业中劳动力和电力之间的替代弹性。结果显示，劳动力和电力在制造业中是强有力的互补，弹性明显低于1，这表明提高电价的碳税可能会减少企业的就业。相反，我们发现热（煤）和可再生能源发电之间具有很高的可替代性，替代弹性估计在2.0-3.3之间。我们的研究结果表明，来自可再生能源的电力以可承受的价格供应给工业可以减轻碳税对印度工业的不利影响。

引用次数: 0

The effects of nutrition support on behavioral outcomes and labor productivity 营养支持对行为结果和劳动生产率的影响

IF 4.6 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Development Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103613

Seollee Park , Hyuncheol Bryant Kim

While many of the world’s poor consume inadequate calories with low nutritional value, there has been little work on how this may shape their behaviors and productivity. Using lab-in-the-field and field experiments in the context of a floriculture plant in Ethiopia, this study investigates the effects of a nutrition support program on behavioral outcomes—stress, prosociality, cooperation, and attention—and productivity. We find that nutrition support relieves stress and decreases prosociality, exhibiting a pattern of hedonic adaptation over time. We do not find evidence for improvements in labor productivity.

虽然世界上许多穷人摄入的卡路里不足，营养价值低，但关于这可能如何影响他们的行为和生产力的研究却很少。本研究以埃塞俄比亚的一个花卉栽培工厂为背景，通过实地和实验室实验，调查了营养支持计划对行为结果（压力、亲社会、合作和注意力）和生产力的影响。我们发现，随着时间的推移，营养支持可以缓解压力，减少亲社会行为，表现出一种享乐适应模式。我们没有发现劳动生产率提高的证据。

引用次数: 0

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Journal of Development Economics

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