首页 > 最新文献

Journal of Development Economics最新文献

英文 中文
The seeds of misallocation: Fertilizer use and maize varietal misidentification in Ethiopia 分配不当的种子:埃塞俄比亚的化肥使用和玉米品种识别错误
IF 5.1 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103349
Nils Bohr , Tim Deisemann , Douglas Gollin , Frédéric Kosmowski , Travis J. Lybbert

Optimal input allocation in agriculture leverages production complementarities. For example, improved seeds are generally more responsive to fertilizer than traditional seeds. Thus, inaccurate beliefs about whether seeds are improved may result in sub-optimal fertilizer application. We document precisely this pattern using data from Ethiopia that allows us to compare farmer beliefs about their maize seeds with genotyping data that identify the true genetics of these seeds. We find that 15 percent of farmers believe incorrectly that they are using improved varieties and use far more fertilizer than farmers who correctly believe that they sowed traditional varieties. Conversely, we find that about 15 percent of farmers believe incorrectly that they are growing traditional material and use far less fertilizer than those farmers who correctly believe that they are growing improved material. We extrapolate from our nationally representative sample to estimate the national-level magnitude of fertilizer misallocation due to incorrect seed beliefs.

农业投入的优化分配可利用生产互补性。例如,与传统种子相比,改良种子通常对肥料的反应更灵敏。因此,如果对种子是否经过改良的认识不准确,就可能导致施肥效果不理想。我们正是利用埃塞俄比亚的数据记录了这种模式,通过这些数据,我们可以将农民对玉米种子的看法与确定这些种子真实基因的基因分型数据进行比较。我们发现,15% 的农民错误地认为他们使用的是改良品种,他们使用的肥料远远多于正确地认为他们播种的是传统品种的农民。相反,我们发现约有 15% 的农民错误地认为他们种植的是传统材料,肥料用量远远少于那些正确地认为他们种植的是改良材料的农民。我们从具有全国代表性的样本中推断出由于错误的种子观念而造成的全国化肥分配不当的程度。
{"title":"The seeds of misallocation: Fertilizer use and maize varietal misidentification in Ethiopia","authors":"Nils Bohr ,&nbsp;Tim Deisemann ,&nbsp;Douglas Gollin ,&nbsp;Frédéric Kosmowski ,&nbsp;Travis J. Lybbert","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Optimal input allocation in agriculture leverages production complementarities. For example, improved seeds are generally more responsive to fertilizer than traditional seeds. Thus, inaccurate beliefs about whether seeds are improved may result in sub-optimal fertilizer application. We document precisely this pattern using data from Ethiopia that allows us to compare farmer beliefs about their maize seeds with genotyping data that identify the true genetics of these seeds. We find that 15 percent of farmers believe incorrectly that they are using improved varieties and use far more fertilizer than farmers who correctly believe that they sowed traditional varieties. Conversely, we find that about 15 percent of farmers believe incorrectly that they are growing traditional material and use far less fertilizer than those farmers who correctly believe that they are growing improved material. We extrapolate from our nationally representative sample to estimate the national-level magnitude of fertilizer misallocation due to incorrect seed beliefs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103349"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000981/pdfft?md5=a2be69cd14b469f37230ccf7e299f45b&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000981-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Energy policies and pollution in two developing country cities: A quantitative model 两个发展中国家城市的能源政策与污染:定量模型
IF 5.1 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103348
Rainald Borck , Peter Mulder

We study the effect of energy and transport policies on pollution in two developing country cities. We use a quantitative equilibrium model with choice of housing, energy use, residential location, transport mode, and energy technology. Pollution comes from commuting and residential energy use. The model parameters are calibrated to replicate key variables for two developing country cities, Maputo, Mozambique, and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In the counterfactual simulations, we study how various transport and energy policies affect equilibrium pollution. Policies may induce rebound effects from increasing residential energy use or switching to high emission modes or locations. In general, these rebound effects tend to be largest for subsidies to public transport or modern residential energy technology.

我们研究了两个发展中国家城市的能源和交通政策对污染的影响。我们使用了一个定量均衡模型,其中包含住房、能源使用、居住地点、交通方式和能源技术的选择。污染来自通勤和住宅能源使用。我们对模型参数进行了校准,以复制莫桑比克马普托和印度尼西亚日惹这两个发展中国家城市的关键变量。在反事实模拟中,我们研究了各种交通和能源政策如何影响均衡污染。政策可能会导致居民能源使用量增加或转向高排放模式或地点,从而产生反弹效应。一般来说,对公共交通或现代住宅能源技术进行补贴时,这些反弹效应往往最大。
{"title":"Energy policies and pollution in two developing country cities: A quantitative model","authors":"Rainald Borck ,&nbsp;Peter Mulder","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the effect of energy and transport policies on pollution in two developing country cities. We use a quantitative equilibrium model with choice of housing, energy use, residential location, transport mode, and energy technology. Pollution comes from commuting and residential energy use. The model parameters are calibrated to replicate key variables for two developing country cities, Maputo, Mozambique, and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In the counterfactual simulations, we study how various transport and energy policies affect equilibrium pollution. Policies may induce rebound effects from increasing residential energy use or switching to high emission modes or locations. In general, these rebound effects tend to be largest for subsidies to public transport or modern residential energy technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103348"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141962487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Allocating labor across small firms: Experimental evidence on information constraints 小企业之间的劳动力分配:信息约束的实验证据
IF 5.1 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103345
Morgan Hardy , Seongyoon Kim , Jamie McCasland , Andreas Menzel , Marc Witte

We document interest in labor reallocation among small firm owners in Ghana; 60% and 41%, respectively, self-report willingness to hire or work for the average local firm owner. Firm owners also exhibit high willingness-to-pay for information on a random subset of hiring firms and jobseeking firm owners during a Becker–Degroot–Marschak exercise. Conditionally random variation in access to this information generates immediate labor adjustments within and between firms, though rarely of firm owners themselves, and impacts firm closure 5-months post-intervention. Our findings suggest that labor market information of this kind is both valuable and actionable in our context.

我们记录了加纳小公司所有者对劳动力再分配的兴趣;分别有 60% 和 41% 的小公司所有者自称愿意雇用当地公司所有者或为其工作。在贝克尔-德格鲁特-马沙克(Becker-Degroot-Marschak)研究中,企业主也表现出较高的支付意愿,以获取随机子集的招聘企业和求职企业主的信息。在获得这些信息方面的条件性随机变化会立即在企业内部和企业之间产生劳动力调整,但很少会影响企业主本身,并影响干预后 5 个月的企业倒闭。我们的研究结果表明,在我们的情况下,这种劳动力市场信息既有价值又可操作。
{"title":"Allocating labor across small firms: Experimental evidence on information constraints","authors":"Morgan Hardy ,&nbsp;Seongyoon Kim ,&nbsp;Jamie McCasland ,&nbsp;Andreas Menzel ,&nbsp;Marc Witte","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We document interest in labor reallocation among small firm owners in Ghana; 60% and 41%, respectively, self-report willingness to hire or work for the average local firm owner. Firm owners also exhibit high willingness-to-pay for information on a random subset of hiring firms and jobseeking firm owners during a Becker–Degroot–Marschak exercise. Conditionally random variation in access to this information generates immediate labor adjustments within and between firms, though rarely of firm owners themselves, and impacts firm closure 5-months post-intervention. Our findings suggest that labor market information of this kind is both valuable and actionable in our context.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103345"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Land allocation and industrial agglomeration: Evidence from the 2007 reform in China 土地分配与产业集聚:中国 2007 年改革的证据
IF 5.1 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103351
Wenjia Tian , Zhi Wang , Qinghua Zhang

This paper highlights the crucial role of land allocation mechanisms in fostering industrial agglomeration by examining China's 2007 industrial land market reform. By introducing transparency into the land-selling process, the reform facilitated more buyers to compete for land (as evidenced by increased land sale prices), enabling local governments to allocate land to the most suitable users. Utilizing comprehensive data sets that include information on initial local industrial structure, new industrial establishments, and industrial land transactions, the empirical analysis finds that the reform significantly increased the entry of firms from industries aligned with local specialization, particularly in regions that implemented the reform more strictly. Industries characterized by substantial unrealized agglomeration economies or highly localized spillover effects experienced amplified effects. A well-functioning capital market further enhanced the land market reform's impact. Supporting evidence demonstrates the reform's positive effect on economic growth (as evidenced by changes in nighttime luminosity), potentially through increasing local firms' TFP.

本文通过研究中国 2007 年的工业用地市场改革,强调了土地分配机制在促进产业集聚中的关键作用。通过在土地出让过程中引入透明度,改革促进了更多买家参与土地竞争(土地出让价格上涨就是证明),使地方政府能够将土地分配给最合适的用户。实证分析利用包括地方初始产业结构、新建工业企业和工业用地交易信息在内的综合数据集,发现改革显著增加了与地方专业化相一致的行业的企业进入,尤其是在改革实施较为严格的地区。具有大量未实现的集聚经济或高度本地化的溢出效应特征的产业,其效应被放大。运作良好的资本市场进一步增强了土地市场改革的影响。支持性证据表明,改革对经济增长产生了积极影响(如夜间亮度的变化所证明的),这可能是通过提高当地企业的全要素生产率实现的。
{"title":"Land allocation and industrial agglomeration: Evidence from the 2007 reform in China","authors":"Wenjia Tian ,&nbsp;Zhi Wang ,&nbsp;Qinghua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper highlights the crucial role of land allocation mechanisms in fostering industrial agglomeration by examining China's 2007 industrial land market reform. By introducing transparency into the land-selling process, the reform facilitated more buyers to compete for land (as evidenced by increased land sale prices), enabling local governments to allocate land to the most suitable users. Utilizing comprehensive data sets that include information on initial local industrial structure, new industrial establishments, and industrial land transactions, the empirical analysis finds that the reform significantly increased the entry of firms from industries aligned with local specialization, particularly in regions that implemented the reform more strictly. Industries characterized by substantial unrealized agglomeration economies or highly localized spillover effects experienced amplified effects. A well-functioning capital market further enhanced the land market reform's impact. Supporting evidence demonstrates the reform's positive effect on economic growth (as evidenced by changes in nighttime luminosity), potentially through increasing local firms' TFP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103351"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to Medication against conflict [Journal of Development Economics (2024) Volume 170, September 2024, 103306] 对冲突的药物治疗的更正[《发展经济学杂志》(2024年)第170卷,2024年9月,103306]
IF 5.1 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103347
Andrea Berlanda , Matteo Cervellati , Elena Esposito , Dominic Rohner , Uwe Sunde
{"title":"Corrigendum to Medication against conflict [Journal of Development Economics (2024) Volume 170, September 2024, 103306]","authors":"Andrea Berlanda ,&nbsp;Matteo Cervellati ,&nbsp;Elena Esposito ,&nbsp;Dominic Rohner ,&nbsp;Uwe Sunde","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103347","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103347"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000968/pdfft?md5=7189b05c53b452ac647252d8bb78aa6c&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000968-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring sex-selective abortion: How many women abort? 衡量针对胎儿性别进行的选择性人工流产:有多少妇女堕胎?
IF 5.1 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103342
Aditi Dimri , Véronique Gille , Philipp Ketz

This paper demonstrates that sex-selective abortion induces a correlation between birth interval length and the sex of the next-born child. Using a statistical model, we show that shorter birth intervals for next-born girls indicate repeated sex-selective abortions between consecutive births. Analyzing data from India, we find evidence of repeated sex-selective abortions at birth order 2 when the first child is a girl, and strong evidence at birth order 3 when the first two children are girls. To quantify the extent of repeated abortions, we propose a maximum likelihood estimator that provides the number of women who abort and their likelihood of performing repeated abortions. Our estimation results reveal significant heterogeneity across birth orders, sibling compositions, and socio-demographic and geographic groups. Notably, literate and urban women who first had a girl rarely abort a second time, whereas women in northern India who first had two girls show a 13% likelihood of repeated sex-selective abortion. In this group, the estimated number of aborted female fetuses—the standard measure of sex-selective abortion—is 50% higher than the number of women who abort.

本文证明,性别选择性人工流产会诱发出生间隔长度与下一胎性别之间的相关性。通过统计模型,我们发现下一胎女孩的生育间隔较短,表明连续生育之间存在性别选择性流产。通过分析印度的数据,我们发现当第一胎是女孩时,有证据表明在第二胎时存在重复性别的选择性人工流产,而当第一胎和第二胎都是女孩时,有强有力的证据表明在第三胎时存在重复性别的选择性人工流产。为了量化重复堕胎的程度,我们提出了一种最大似然估计方法,该方法提供了堕胎妇女的数量及其重复堕胎的可能性。我们的估计结果揭示了不同生育顺序、兄弟姐妹构成、社会人口和地理群体之间的显著异质性。值得注意的是,第一次生女孩的识字城市妇女很少进行第二次人工流产,而第一次生两个女孩的印度北部妇女重复进行性别选择性人工流产的可能性为 13%。在这一群体中,流产女胎的估计数量(性别选择性流产的标准衡量标准)比流产妇女的数量高出 50%。
{"title":"Measuring sex-selective abortion: How many women abort?","authors":"Aditi Dimri ,&nbsp;Véronique Gille ,&nbsp;Philipp Ketz","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper demonstrates that sex-selective abortion induces a correlation between birth interval length and the sex of the next-born child. Using a statistical model, we show that shorter birth intervals for next-born girls indicate <em>repeated</em> sex-selective abortions between consecutive births. Analyzing data from India, we find evidence of repeated sex-selective abortions at birth order 2 when the first child is a girl, and strong evidence at birth order 3 when the first two children are girls. To quantify the extent of repeated abortions, we propose a maximum likelihood estimator that provides the number of women who abort and their likelihood of performing repeated abortions. Our estimation results reveal significant heterogeneity across birth orders, sibling compositions, and socio-demographic and geographic groups. Notably, literate and urban women who first had a girl rarely abort a second time, whereas women in northern India who first had two girls show a 13% likelihood of repeated sex-selective abortion. In this group, the estimated number of aborted female fetuses—the standard measure of sex-selective abortion—is 50% higher than the number of women who abort.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103342"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000919/pdfft?md5=fb33c31b30b404295118259e82eb526f&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000919-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Communist propaganda and women’s status 共产党的宣传和妇女地位
IF 5.1 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103341
Ruoyu Qian

This paper examines how communist propaganda affects gender norms and behavior in China. Improving women’s status and promoting gender equality were significant themes of revolutionary propaganda in China from the 1950s to the 1970s. Exploiting plausibly exogenous variation resulting from topography, I find that exposure to radio broadcasts during the Cultural Revolution improved educational gender equality, and such effects were stronger in areas with weaker Confucian norms. Using individual-level census data, I also find positive effects of radio exposure on women’s family-related and career-related outcomes. I explore the possible mechanisms using data from two surveys on gender norms, and my evidence is consistent with rational updating. The significant persuasion effects disappear when more recent data are employed, implying temporary communist influences on entrenched social norms.

本文探讨共产主义宣传如何影响中国的性别规范和行为。提高妇女地位和促进性别平等是 20 世纪 50 年代至 70 年代中国革命宣传的重要主题。利用地形造成的似是而非的外生变化,我发现在文化大革命期间,接触广播会改善教育中的性别平等,而这种影响在儒家规范较弱的地区更为强烈。通过使用个人层面的人口普查数据,我还发现接触广播对妇女的家庭相关和职业相关结果产生了积极影响。我利用两次性别规范调查的数据探讨了可能的机制,我的证据与理性更新是一致的。当使用更近期的数据时,明显的劝说效应就会消失,这意味着共产主义对根深蒂固的社会规范的影响是暂时的。
{"title":"Communist propaganda and women’s status","authors":"Ruoyu Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines how communist propaganda affects gender norms and behavior in China. Improving women’s status and promoting gender equality were significant themes of revolutionary propaganda in China from the 1950s to the 1970s. Exploiting plausibly exogenous variation resulting from topography, I find that exposure to radio broadcasts during the Cultural Revolution improved educational gender equality, and such effects were stronger in areas with weaker Confucian norms. Using individual-level census data, I also find positive effects of radio exposure on women’s family-related and career-related outcomes. I explore the possible mechanisms using data from two surveys on gender norms, and my evidence is consistent with rational updating. The significant persuasion effects disappear when more recent data are employed, implying temporary communist influences on entrenched social norms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103341"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Supporting small firms in a fragile context: Comparing matching and cash grants in Burkina Faso 在脆弱环境中支持小企业:比较布基纳法索的配套赠款和现金赠款
IF 5.1 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103344
Michael Grimm , Sidiki Soubeiga , Michael Weber

We used a randomized controlled trial to compare matching grants earmarked for technical training and consulting services with more flexible cash grants and with a control group. The experiment was implemented in a semi-urban and rural fragile setting where subsidizing innovative activities might be particularly important. Firms were selected on the basis of a business plan competition. After two years, beneficiaries of cash grants showed higher survival rates, improved business practices, a higher degree of formalization, and more activities for innovation relative to recipients of matching grants and the control group, but we saw no effects on profits, sales, and employment. Across all outcomes, beneficiaries of cash grants performed better than beneficiaries of matching grants, for them the treatment effects are smaller and often insignificant, though implementation costs were higher. Recipients of cash grants also increased their capital stock more and were more resilient to the COVID-19 crisis.

我们采用随机对照试验的方式,将专门用于技术培训和咨询服务的配套补助金与更为灵活的现金补助金以及对照组进行比较。试验在半城市和农村的脆弱环境中进行,在这种环境中,对创新活动的补贴可能尤为重要。企业是在商业计划竞赛的基础上选出的。两年后,现金补助受益人的存活率提高了,经营方式改进了,正规化程度提高了,创新活动也比对等补助受益人和对照组多,但我们没有看到对利润、销售额和就业的影响。在所有结果中,现金补助受益人的表现都优于对等补助受益人,对他们的治疗效果较小,而且往往不显著,尽管实施成本较高。现金补助受益人的资本存量增加也更多,对 COVID-19 危机的抵御能力更强。
{"title":"Supporting small firms in a fragile context: Comparing matching and cash grants in Burkina Faso","authors":"Michael Grimm ,&nbsp;Sidiki Soubeiga ,&nbsp;Michael Weber","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We used a randomized controlled trial to compare matching grants earmarked for technical training and consulting services with more flexible cash grants and with a control group. The experiment was implemented in a semi-urban and rural fragile setting where subsidizing innovative activities might be particularly important. Firms were selected on the basis of a business plan competition. After two years, beneficiaries of cash grants showed higher survival rates, improved business practices, a higher degree of formalization, and more activities for innovation relative to recipients of matching grants and the control group, but we saw no effects on profits, sales, and employment. Across all outcomes, beneficiaries of cash grants performed better than beneficiaries of matching grants, for them the treatment effects are smaller and often insignificant, though implementation costs were higher. Recipients of cash grants also increased their capital stock more and were more resilient to the COVID-19 crisis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103344"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000932/pdfft?md5=012080f314a949751eb797974836f59a&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000932-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preprimary education and early childhood development: Evidence from government schools in rural Kenya 学前教育与幼儿发展:肯尼亚农村公立学校的证据
IF 5.1 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103337
Pamela Jakiela , Owen Ozier , Lia C.H. Fernald , Heather A. Knauer

We provide evidence on the link between enrollment in public preschool and child vocabulary, a critical precursor to early literacy. We measure early childhood development among both in-school and out-of-school children in Kenya, allowing us to examine the association between preschool enrollment and cognitive outcomes. Children in our sample are more likely to start school at age three rather than age four if they live within a few hundred meters of the nearest primary school. Three-year-olds living closer to the school also have stronger vocabulary skills, though a similar pattern does not exist among older children. Using proximity to school as an instrument for preprimary enrollment, we find that preprimary enrollment raises mother tongue receptive vocabulary by more than one standard deviation at age three, but does not impact vocabulary at later ages.

我们提供了有关公立学前教育入学率与儿童词汇量(早期识字的关键先决条件)之间关系的证据。我们对肯尼亚在校和失学儿童的早期发展进行了测量,从而考察了学前教育入学率与认知结果之间的关联。在我们的样本中,如果居住地距离最近的小学只有几百米,那么儿童更有可能在三岁而不是四岁开始上学。住得离学校更近的三岁儿童的词汇能力也更强,但在年龄更大的儿童中并不存在类似的模式。将学校附近作为学前教育入学率的工具,我们发现学前教育入学率会将三岁儿童的母语接受词汇量提高一个标准差以上,但不会影响其后年龄段的词汇量。
{"title":"Preprimary education and early childhood development: Evidence from government schools in rural Kenya","authors":"Pamela Jakiela ,&nbsp;Owen Ozier ,&nbsp;Lia C.H. Fernald ,&nbsp;Heather A. Knauer","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We provide evidence on the link between enrollment in public preschool and child vocabulary, a critical precursor to early literacy. We measure early childhood development among both in-school and out-of-school children in Kenya, allowing us to examine the association between preschool enrollment and cognitive outcomes. Children in our sample are more likely to start school at age three rather than age four if they live within a few hundred meters of the nearest primary school. Three-year-olds living closer to the school also have stronger vocabulary skills, though a similar pattern does not exist among older children. Using proximity to school as an instrument for preprimary enrollment, we find that preprimary enrollment raises mother tongue receptive vocabulary by more than one standard deviation at age three, but does not impact vocabulary at later ages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103337"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When beer is safer than water: Beer availability and mortality from waterborne illnesses 当啤酒比水更安全时啤酒供应与水传播疾病的死亡率
IF 5.1 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103343
Francisca M. Antman , James M. Flynn

We investigate the impact of beer on mortality during the Industrial Revolution in 18th century England. Due to the brewing process, beer represented an improvement over available water sources during this period prior to the widespread understanding of the link between water quality and human health. Using a wide range of identification strategies to derive measures of beer scarcity driven by tax increases, weather events, and soil quality, we show that beer scarcity was associated with higher mortality, especially in the summer months when mortality was more likely to be driven by waterborne illnesses related to contaminated drinking water. We also leverage variation in inherent water quality across parishes using two proxies for water quality to show that beer scarcity resulted in greater deaths in areas with worse water quality. Together, the evidence indicates that beer had a major impact on human health during this important period in economic development.

我们研究了啤酒对 18 世纪英国工业革命期间死亡率的影响。由于啤酒的酿造工艺,在人们普遍了解水质与人类健康之间的关系之前,这一时期的啤酒是对现有水源的一种改善。我们采用多种识别策略,得出了受税收增加、天气事件和土壤质量影响的啤酒稀缺程度,结果表明啤酒稀缺与较高的死亡率相关,尤其是在夏季,死亡率更有可能由与饮用水污染相关的水传播疾病引起。我们还利用水质的两种代用指标,对各教区固有水质的变化进行了分析,结果表明,在水质较差的地区,啤酒稀缺导致的死亡人数更多。这些证据共同表明,在经济发展的这一重要时期,啤酒对人类健康产生了重大影响。
{"title":"When beer is safer than water: Beer availability and mortality from waterborne illnesses","authors":"Francisca M. Antman ,&nbsp;James M. Flynn","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the impact of beer on mortality during the Industrial Revolution in 18th century England. Due to the brewing process, beer represented an improvement over available water sources during this period prior to the widespread understanding of the link between water quality and human health. Using a wide range of identification strategies to derive measures of beer scarcity driven by tax increases, weather events, and soil quality, we show that beer scarcity was associated with higher mortality, especially in the summer months when mortality was more likely to be driven by waterborne illnesses related to contaminated drinking water. We also leverage variation in inherent water quality across parishes using two proxies for water quality to show that beer scarcity resulted in greater deaths in areas with worse water quality. Together, the evidence indicates that beer had a major impact on human health during this important period in economic development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103343"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141842076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Development Economics
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1