Pub Date : 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103653
Shouhan Dai, Binlei Gong, Peinan Hu, Xiaoyun Wei
This study examines how pension schemes influence land reallocation and agricultural productivity. While previous research typically groups households based on the presence of elderly members, we distinguish between households where the elderly are operators and those where they are not. Our findings show that land is reallocated from elderly-operated to younger-operated households, leading to a 9.8 % increase in agricultural productivity. The rural pension scheme in China drives migration and land leasing out in elderly-operated households, while facilitating rent-in and scale expansion in younger households. These findings offer new insights into how pension schemes can enhance agricultural factor reallocation and productivity.
{"title":"Rural pension, factor reallocation and agricultural productivity: Evidence from China","authors":"Shouhan Dai, Binlei Gong, Peinan Hu, Xiaoyun Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines how pension schemes influence land reallocation and agricultural productivity. While previous research typically groups households based on the presence of elderly members, we distinguish between households where the elderly are operators and those where they are not. Our findings show that land is reallocated from elderly-operated to younger-operated households, leading to a 9.8 % increase in agricultural productivity. The rural pension scheme in China drives migration and land leasing out in elderly-operated households, while facilitating rent-in and scale expansion in younger households. These findings offer new insights into how pension schemes can enhance agricultural factor reallocation and productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 103653"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103621
Jessica Rudder
Seasonal price variation is a typical feature of markets in low- and middle-income countries. Retail firms that regularly stock food staples face substantial price variation when purchasing new inventory. How much of this input price variation passes through to output prices for rural customers? I use a panel of wholesale and retail prices from 270 urban and rural retail firms in Tanzania to evaluate the transmission of input price shocks to the prices of staple foods. Rural firms smooth both negative and positive input price shocks more than urban firms. Urban firms passthrough nearly 95% of input price increases, while rural firms passthrough only 55% of input price increases. Price adjustments are asymmetric; Rural firms passthrough a higher share of cost savings and a lower share of cost increases. By exploring possible mechanisms, I find evidence that a smaller community size among rural firms is associated with lower passthrough of negative price shocks. At the same time, distance to markets and competitive pressure matter as well: rural firms with more competitors and further from urban markets have higher passthrough rates, consistent with a competitive market framework with transaction costs. Firms passthrough a smaller share of price increases during the harvest season when agricultural households have more substitutes available.
{"title":"Food price variation and passthrough among retail firms in rural and urban Tanzania","authors":"Jessica Rudder","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seasonal price variation is a typical feature of markets in low- and middle-income countries. Retail firms that regularly stock food staples face substantial price variation when purchasing new inventory. How much of this input price variation passes through to output prices for rural customers? I use a panel of wholesale and retail prices from 270 urban and rural retail firms in Tanzania to evaluate the transmission of input price shocks to the prices of staple foods. Rural firms smooth both negative and positive input price shocks more than urban firms. Urban firms passthrough nearly 95% of input price increases, while rural firms passthrough only 55% of input price increases. Price adjustments are asymmetric; Rural firms passthrough a higher share of cost savings and a lower share of cost increases. By exploring possible mechanisms, I find evidence that a smaller community size among rural firms is associated with lower passthrough of negative price shocks. At the same time, distance to markets and competitive pressure matter as well: rural firms with more competitors and further from urban markets have higher passthrough rates, consistent with a competitive market framework with transaction costs. Firms passthrough a smaller share of price increases during the harvest season when agricultural households have more substitutes available.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 103621"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103614
Raavi Aggarwal
Carbon taxation is suggested as an efficient instrument for the clean energy transition. However, high resulting prices for coal and electricity could adversely impact industrial performance and employment by raising production costs. Integration of renewable energy in the electricity grid could stabilise electricity prices. We estimate the elasticity of substitution between labour and electricity among the formal and informal manufacturing sector in India. The results show labour and electricity are strong complements in manufacturing, with elasticities significantly below one, which suggests a carbon tax that raises electricity prices may reduce employment in firms. On the contrary, we find high substitutability between thermal (coal) and renewable energy-based electricity generation, with the elasticity of substitution estimated at 2.0–3.3. Our results suggest that electricity derived from renewable energy sources and supplied to industry at affordable prices could mitigate the adverse effects of a carbon tax in Indian industry.
{"title":"Input substitution in electricity generation and industrial production: Evidence from India","authors":"Raavi Aggarwal","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon taxation is suggested as an efficient instrument for the clean energy transition. However, high resulting prices for coal and electricity could adversely impact industrial performance and employment by raising production costs. Integration of renewable energy in the electricity grid could stabilise electricity prices. We estimate the elasticity of substitution between labour and electricity among the formal and informal manufacturing sector in India. The results show labour and electricity are strong complements in manufacturing, with elasticities significantly below one, which suggests a carbon tax that raises electricity prices may reduce employment in firms. On the contrary, we find high substitutability between thermal (coal) and renewable energy-based electricity generation, with the elasticity of substitution estimated at 2.0–3.3. Our results suggest that electricity derived from renewable energy sources and supplied to industry at affordable prices could mitigate the adverse effects of a carbon tax in Indian industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 103614"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103648
Jeffrey D. Michler , Dewan Abdullah Al Rafi , Jonathan Giezendanner , Anna Josephson , Valerien O. Pede , Elizabeth Tellman
New technologies are sometimes introduced at times or in places that lack the necessary data to conduct a well-identified impact evaluation. We develop a methodology that combines Earth Observation (EO) data and deep learning with administrative and survey data so as to allow researchers to conduct impact evaluations when traditional economic data is missing. To demonstrate our method, we study stress tolerant rice varieties (STRVs) first introduced to Bangladesh 15 years ago. Using EO data on rice production and flooding for the entire country, spanning two decades, we find evidence of STRV effectiveness. We highlight how the nature of the technology, which is only effective under a specific set of circumstances, creates a Goldilocks Problem that EO data is particularly well suited to addressing. Our findings speak to the promises and challenges of using EO data to conduct impact evaluations in data-scarce environments.
{"title":"Impact evaluations in data-scarce environments: The case of stress-tolerant rice varieties in Bangladesh","authors":"Jeffrey D. Michler , Dewan Abdullah Al Rafi , Jonathan Giezendanner , Anna Josephson , Valerien O. Pede , Elizabeth Tellman","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New technologies are sometimes introduced at times or in places that lack the necessary data to conduct a well-identified impact evaluation. We develop a methodology that combines Earth Observation (EO) data and deep learning with administrative and survey data so as to allow researchers to conduct impact evaluations when traditional economic data is missing. To demonstrate our method, we study stress tolerant rice varieties (STRVs) first introduced to Bangladesh 15 years ago. Using EO data on rice production and flooding for the entire country, spanning two decades, we find evidence of STRV effectiveness. We highlight how the nature of the technology, which is only effective under a specific set of circumstances, creates a Goldilocks Problem that EO data is particularly well suited to addressing. Our findings speak to the promises and challenges of using EO data to conduct impact evaluations in data-scarce environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 103648"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103647
Xiaoguang Chen , Binlei Gong , Zhilong Qin , Xiaoli Wang
We estimate the impacts of China's extensive high-speed railroads (HSR) expansions using both county-level and household-level agricultural data. Our estimates indicate that HSR expansions: (i) facilitated the outflow of labor from agriculture and reduced cropland in connected rural areas, particularly in underdeveloped regions; (ii) increased agricultural total factor productivity (TFP), effectively offsetting the negative impacts on agricultural output from reduced inputs; (iii) significantly boosted local GDP and government revenue, providing financial support for agriculture and critical investments in agricultural infrastructure and rural roads; (iv) facilitated farmers' access to technical training and encouraged the entry of new agribusiness firms; and (v) increased farmers' revenues and profits, strengthening their economic incentives for production and collectively improving agricultural TFP.
{"title":"High-speed railroads and local agricultural development","authors":"Xiaoguang Chen , Binlei Gong , Zhilong Qin , Xiaoli Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We estimate the impacts of China's extensive high-speed railroads (HSR) expansions using both county-level and household-level agricultural data. Our estimates indicate that HSR expansions: (<em>i</em>) facilitated the outflow of labor from agriculture and reduced cropland in connected rural areas, particularly in underdeveloped regions; (<em>ii</em>) increased agricultural total factor productivity (TFP), effectively offsetting the negative impacts on agricultural output from reduced inputs; (<em>iii</em>) significantly boosted local GDP and government revenue, providing financial support for agriculture and critical investments in agricultural infrastructure and rural roads; (<em>iv</em>) facilitated farmers' access to technical training and encouraged the entry of new agribusiness firms; and (<em>v</em>) increased farmers' revenues and profits, strengthening their economic incentives for production and collectively improving agricultural TFP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 103647"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103622
Roberto Asmat , Lajos Kossuth
We study gender differences in child support rulings by judges in cases where defendants (fathers) may work in either the formal or informal sector. Our identification strategy exploits the random assignment of cases to courts presided over by individual judges. We find that female judges award child support amounts that are 0.18 standard deviations lower than those awarded by male judges. When focusing on defendants working in the informal sector (who constitute over 70% of the cases), the gap appears to stem from female judges’ greater skepticism toward what they perceive as inflated claims by plaintiffs, influencing their beliefs about defendants’ earnings. We further explore four potential mechanisms behind the gap that also include formal cases: bias against female plaintiffs, workplace masculinization, interactions with other judge characteristics, and differences in legal objectives. We do not find conclusive statistical support for these mechanisms.
{"title":"Gender differences in judicial decisions under incomplete information: Evidence from child support cases","authors":"Roberto Asmat , Lajos Kossuth","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study gender differences in child support rulings by judges in cases where defendants (fathers) may work in either the formal or informal sector. Our identification strategy exploits the random assignment of cases to courts presided over by individual judges. We find that female judges award child support amounts that are 0.18 standard deviations lower than those awarded by male judges. When focusing on defendants working in the informal sector (who constitute over 70% of the cases), the gap appears to stem from female judges’ greater skepticism toward what they perceive as inflated claims by plaintiffs, influencing their beliefs about defendants’ earnings. We further explore four potential mechanisms behind the gap that also include formal cases: bias against female plaintiffs, workplace masculinization, interactions with other judge characteristics, and differences in legal objectives. We do not find conclusive statistical support for these mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 103622"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103629
Pauline Rossi , Yun Xiao
Marriage is declining in China. Among singles, the probability of marrying in 2019 was half that of marrying in 1999. We estimate a Choo and Siow (2006b) model using census data to quantify the relative roles of changes in population structure and changes in marital surplus, i.e., the value of marriage. We find that the increase in the supply of educated people explains half of the decline, partly due to a mismatch between highly-educated women and less-educated men. The deterioration of female-to-male ratio, known as marriage squeeze, explains an additional 13% for men. The decrease in surplus accounts for the remainder.
{"title":"Left over or opting out? Squeeze, mismatch and surplus in Chinese marriage markets","authors":"Pauline Rossi , Yun Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marriage is declining in China. Among singles, the probability of marrying in 2019 was half that of marrying in 1999. We estimate a Choo and Siow (2006b) model using census data to quantify the relative roles of changes in population structure and changes in marital surplus, i.e., the value of marriage. We find that the increase in the supply of educated people explains half of the decline, partly due to a mismatch between highly-educated women and less-educated men. The deterioration of female-to-male ratio, known as marriage squeeze, explains an additional 13% for men. The decrease in surplus accounts for the remainder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 103629"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103632
Tito Cordella , Maia Cufre , Andrea F. Presbitero
Twenty years after the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief initiative, debt levels in low-income countries are rising again, renewing sustainability concerns. The prevailing view suggests that China and other emerging lenders exploited the HIPC initiative to expand lending. Using a synthetic control method to generate a counterfactual, we find that, contrary to this narrative, China and other emerging lenders reduced net lending after debt relief; only multilateral creditors increased it. Furthermore, we find no evidence to support the claim that debt relief encourages lending to political allies. Overall, debt relief seems to have had a limited influence on subsequent lending patterns.
{"title":"The HIPC initiative and China’s emergence as a lender: post hoc or propter hoc?","authors":"Tito Cordella , Maia Cufre , Andrea F. Presbitero","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Twenty years after the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief initiative, debt levels in low-income countries are rising again, renewing sustainability concerns. The prevailing view suggests that China and other emerging lenders exploited the HIPC initiative to expand lending. Using a synthetic control method to generate a counterfactual, we find that, contrary to this narrative, China and other emerging lenders reduced net lending after debt relief; only multilateral creditors increased it. Furthermore, we find no evidence to support the claim that debt relief encourages lending to political allies. Overall, debt relief seems to have had a limited influence on subsequent lending patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 103632"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103644
Annika Herr, Soschia Karimi, Julian Wichert
A growing body of literature indicates that heat stress and precipitation deficiencies can pose a critical threat to human health, particularly in less developed countries with low coping capacities and high exposure. The aims of this study are twofold. First, we shed light on the recall of drought events in rural Thailand by linking longitudinal survey data with objective meteorological data. Here, an anomaly in the survey design serves as a natural experiment. We find that a shorter time interval between surveys has a large positive effect on households correctly reporting a drought event. Second, we examine the health effects of droughts comparing two drought measures. In our panel over seven waves, we find a strong effect on diseases, which is slightly stronger for the objective measure than when using the reported drought measure.
{"title":"Weather shocks, recall error and health","authors":"Annika Herr, Soschia Karimi, Julian Wichert","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A growing body of literature indicates that heat stress and precipitation deficiencies can pose a critical threat to human health, particularly in less developed countries with low coping capacities and high exposure. The aims of this study are twofold. First, we shed light on the recall of drought events in rural Thailand by linking longitudinal survey data with objective meteorological data. Here, an anomaly in the survey design serves as a natural experiment. We find that a shorter time interval between surveys has a large positive effect on households correctly reporting a drought event. Second, we examine the health effects of droughts comparing two drought measures. In our panel over seven waves, we find a strong effect on diseases, which is slightly stronger for the objective measure than when using the reported drought measure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 103644"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103633
Carlos Gomez-Gonzalez , Gwen-Jirō Clochard , Helmut Dietl , Juan Cruz Duhalde
This paper considers two types of statistical discrimination: individual (productivity) and compositional (team fit). We conduct a large-scale correspondence study in 15 Latin American countries in the context of sports to test their influence on individual behavior. We send over 10,000 applications to male amateur soccer clubs and ask them to participate in a practice session. Each club receives one application, randomly varying the applicant's origin and signals about individual and compositional productivity. We find no evidence of discrimination against immigrants overall, but we observe heterogeneity that is consistent with individual statistical discrimination. Productivity signals have no significant influence.
{"title":"Migration and sources of discrimination in a social context: Experimental evidence from 15 Latin American countries","authors":"Carlos Gomez-Gonzalez , Gwen-Jirō Clochard , Helmut Dietl , Juan Cruz Duhalde","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper considers two types of statistical discrimination: individual (productivity) and compositional (team fit). We conduct a large-scale correspondence study in 15 Latin American countries in the context of sports to test their influence on individual behavior. We send over 10,000 applications to male amateur soccer clubs and ask them to participate in a practice session. Each club receives one application, randomly varying the applicant's origin and signals about individual and compositional productivity. We find no evidence of discrimination against immigrants overall, but we observe heterogeneity that is consistent with individual statistical discrimination. Productivity signals have no significant influence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 103633"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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