Journal of Personality最新文献_第10页

Networking trait resilience: Unifying fragmented trait resilience systems from an ecological systems theory perspective. 特质复原力网络化：从生态系统论的角度统一零散的特质复原力系统。

IF 5 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12925

John Maltby

Objective: This study reconceptualized trait resilience, defining it as a network of systems; utilizing direct resilience assessments-engineering, ecological, adaptive capacity, social cohesion-and proxy resilience assessments-personality, cognitive, emotional, eudaimonia, and health.

Background: The background of the study addresses the fragmented conceptualization of trait resilience by proposing a unifying network model based on ecological systems theory, illustrating the dynamic interplay of resilience factors across varying levels of disturbance.

Method: In Study One, four USA or UK samples (total n = 2396) were used to depict the trait resilience network. Study Two (n = 1091) examined the relationship between the network and disturbance at two time-points, using mental health levels as a disturbance metric.

Results: Study One found that adaptive capacity, and sometimes positive emotional processes, were central variables to the network. Study Two found that in lower disturbance groups, adaptive capacity remained important, while in higher disturbance groups, a broader set of variables became central to the network.

Conclusions: Study One suggests a Broaden-and-Build approach, where adaptive capacity is a foundational resilience capability, reciprocally associated with positive emotional mechanisms. Study Two suggests a new "Dynamic Resilience Spectrum Theory," proposing that increased disturbances necessitate the use of a more diverse set of resilience traits.

研究目的本研究将特质复原力重新概念化，将其定义为一个系统网络；利用直接复原力评估（工程、生态、适应能力、社会凝聚力）和替代复原力评估（个性、认知、情感、幸福感和健康）：研究背景：本研究以生态系统论为基础，提出了一个统一的网络模型，说明了在不同程度的干扰下各种复原力因素之间的动态相互作用，从而解决了特质复原力的概念化问题：研究一：利用四个美国或英国样本（总数 n = 2396）来描述特质复原力网络。研究二（n = 1091）使用心理健康水平作为干扰度量标准，在两个时间点考察了该网络与干扰之间的关系：研究一发现，适应能力，有时是积极的情绪过程，是网络的核心变量。研究二发现，在干扰程度较低的群体中，适应能力仍然很重要，而在干扰程度较高的群体中，一系列更广泛的变量成为网络的核心：结论：研究一提出了一种 "拓宽与建设 "方法，即适应能力是一种基础复原能力，与积极情绪机制相互关联。研究二提出了一种新的 "动态复原力光谱理论"，认为干扰的增加需要使用更多样化的复原力特征。

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引用次数: 0

Individual differences in spite predict costly third-party punishment 个体差异可预测代价高昂的第三方惩罚

IF 5 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12923

José L. Martínez, Jon K. Maner

Objective

Spiteful behaviors are those aimed at inflicting harm on another person while also incurring a cost to the self. Although spite sometimes reflects destructive and socially undesirable behaviors including aggression, the current work sought to examine a potentially socially beneficial aspect of spite: engagement in costly punishment for selfish behavior.

Method

Four studies used a costly third-party punishment task and measured individual differences in spite, narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and motivations for engaging in punishment.

Results

Trait spite was positively associated with costly punishment of selfish behavior. That association was independent of other dark personality traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy) and was statistically mediated by a desire for retribution. One of the studies also provided evidence that trait spite was associated with costly punishment of even generous behavior; however, rather than a desire for retribution, that association was mediated by a desire to threaten the person being punished.

Conclusion

Punishing selfishness and other forms of wrongdoing plays an essential role in cooperative group living. The current work provides new insight into the role spiteful motivations might play in this crucial social behavior.

怨恨行为是指那些旨在对他人造成伤害，同时也使自己付出代价的行为。尽管 "怨恨 "有时反映了包括攻击在内的破坏性和社会不良行为，但目前的研究试图考察 "怨恨 "可能对社会有益的一面：对自私行为进行代价高昂的惩罚。

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引用次数: 0

A serial cascade effect of cybervictimization and hostile rumination on the within-person change of moral disengagement 网络伤害和敌意反刍对道德脱离的人际变化的连环连锁效应

IF 5 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12920

Xiong Li, Ling-Xiang Xia

Objective

There is a lack of clarity regarding the developmental mechanisms underlying moral disengagement (a typical moral personality) at the within-person level. To address this issue, we explore the serial cascade effect of cybervictimization and hostile rumination.

Method

The longitudinal relationships between cybervictimization, hostile rumination, and moral disengagement were explored among 1146 undergraduates, assessed four times (T1–T4) across 2 years.

Results

The random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) analysis revealed that the random intercepts of all variables were positively associated with each other. At the within-person level, cybervictimization at T2 indirectly predicted subsequent changes in moral disengagement at T4 through changes in hostile rumination at T3 (the indirect effect was 0.02); furthermore, moral disengagement at T3 predicted changes in hostile rumination at T4 (β = 0.091).

Conclusions

The within-person dynamics of moral disengagement should be partly due to the serial effect of cybervictimization and hostile rumination, whereas hostile rumination and moral disengagement may form a developmental cascade to some degree. These findings and the proposed serial cascade model of moral disengagement could expand our understanding of the developmental mechanism of moral personality. Additionally, caution must be exercised as this study exhibits seemingly small effect sizes and inconsistent results.

在人的内部层面，道德脱离（典型的道德人格）的发展机制尚不明确。为了解决这个问题，我们探讨了网络伤害和敌意反刍的串联效应。

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引用次数: 0

The genetic underpinnings of right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation explain political attitudes beyond Big Five personality 右翼威权主义和社会主导取向的遗传基础对政治态度的解释超越了大五人格

IF 5 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12921

Thomas Haarklau Kleppesto, Nikolai Olavi Czajkowski, Jennifer Sheehy-Skeffington, Olav Vassend, Espen Roysamb, Nikolai Haahjem Eftedal, Jonas R. Kunst, Eivind Ystrom, Lotte Thomsen

Objective

Political attitudes are predicted by the key ideological variables of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO), as well as some of the Big Five personality traits. Past research indicates that personality and ideological traits are correlated for genetic reasons. A question that has yet to be tested concerns whether the genetic variation underlying the ideological traits of RWA and SDO has distinct contributions to political attitudes, or if genetic variation in political attitudes is subsumed under the genetic variation underlying standard Big Five personality traits.

Method

We use data from a sample of 1987 Norwegian twins to assess the genetic and environmental relationships between the Big Five personality traits, RWA, SDO, and their separate contributions to political policy attitudes.

Results

RWA and SDO exhibit very high genetic correlation (r = 0.78) with each other and some genetic overlap with the personality traits of openness and agreeableness. Importantly, they share a larger genetic substrate with political attitudes (e.g., deporting an ethnic minority) than do Big Five personality traits, a relationship that persists even when controlling for the genetic foundations underlying personality traits.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the genetic foundations of ideological traits and political attitudes are largely non-overlapping with the genetic foundations of Big Five personality traits.

右翼威权主义（RWA）和社会主导取向（SDO）这两个关键的意识形态变量，以及一些大五人格特质都能预测政治态度。过去的研究表明，人格特质和意识形态特质因遗传原因而相关。一个有待检验的问题是，右翼专制主义和社会主导倾向这两个意识形态特质的遗传变异是否对政治态度有不同的影响，或者政治态度的遗传变异是否被归入标准的大五人格特质的遗传变异中。

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引用次数: 0

Positive event diversity: Relationship with personality and well-being 积极的事件多样性：与个性和幸福的关系

IF 5 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12917

Patrick Klaiber, Patrick L. Hill, David M. Almeida, Anita DeLongis, Nancy L. Sin

Objective

Examining the personality and well-being correlates of positive event diversity.

Background

Past research has highlighted that personality traits are linked to the frequency of daily positive events. This study is the first to examine positive event diversity, the extent to which positive events are spread across multiple types of positive life domains, as well as its personality and well-being correlates.

Method

We conducted parallel analyses of three daily diary datasets (Ns = 1919, 744, and 1392) that included evening assessment of daily positive events and affective well-being. The Big Five personality traits were assessed in baseline surveys.

Results

Positive Event Diversity was related to higher person-mean daily positive affect but not negative affect. Higher Extraversion, Agreeableness, Openness, and lower Neuroticism were correlated with more positive event diversity. These associations became nonsignificant when controlling for positive event frequency. Positive event frequency moderated the link between positive event diversity and person-mean affect, such that higher positive event diversity was associated with higher negative and lower positive affect for people who experienced more frequent positive events.

Conclusions

No consistent evidence was found for personality as a moderator of the positive event diversity–well-being link across the three studies. Further, the well-being implications of positive event diversity may be better understood when interpreting them alongside indexes of positive event frequency.

目的：研究积极事件多样性与人格和幸福感的相关性：背景：研究积极事件多样性与人格和幸福感的相关性：过去的研究强调，人格特质与日常积极事件的发生频率有关。本研究首次考察了积极事件的多样性，即积极事件在多种类型的积极生活领域中的分布程度，及其与人格和幸福感的相关性：我们对三个每日日记数据集（Ns = 1919、744 和 1392）进行了平行分析，其中包括对每日积极事件和情感幸福感的晚间评估。在基线调查中对五大人格特质进行了评估：积极事件多样性与较高的个人平均每日积极情绪有关，但与消极情绪无关。较高的外向性、宜人性、开放性和较低的神经质与较多的积极事件多样性相关。在控制了积极事件频率后，这些相关性变得不显著。积极事件频率调节了积极事件多样性与个人平均情感之间的联系，因此，对于经历积极事件频率较高的人来说，较高的积极事件多样性与较高的消极情感和较低的积极情感相关：在三项研究中，没有发现一致的证据表明人格是积极事件多样性与幸福感之间联系的调节因素。此外，如果将积极事件多样性与积极事件频率指数一起解读，可能会更好地理解积极事件多样性对幸福感的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Surfing the OCEAN: The machine learning psycholexical approach 2.0 to detect personality traits in texts 冲浪海洋：机器学习心理词汇学方法 2.0 检测文本中的个性特征

IF 5 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12915

Federico Giannini, Marco Marelli, Fabio Stella, Dario Monzani, Luca Pancani

Objective

We aimed to develop a machine learning model to infer OCEAN traits from text.

Background

The psycholexical approach allows retrieving information about personality traits from human language. However, it has rarely been applied because of methodological and practical issues that current computational advancements could overcome.

Method

Classical taxonomies and a large Yelp corpus were leveraged to learn an embedding for each personality trait. These embeddings were used to train a feedforward neural network for predicting trait values. Their generalization performances have been evaluated through two external validation studies involving experts (N = 11) and laypeople (N = 100) in a discrimination task about the best markers of each trait and polarity.

Results

Intrinsic validation of the model yielded excellent results, with R² values greater than 0.78. The validation studies showed a high proportion of matches between participants' choices and model predictions, confirming its efficacy in identifying new terms related to the OCEAN traits. The best performance was observed for agreeableness and extraversion, especially for their positive polarities. The model was less efficient in identifying the negative polarity of openness and conscientiousness.

Conclusions

This innovative methodology can be considered a “psycholexical approach 2.0,” contributing to research in personality and its practical applications in many fields.

我们的目标是开发一个机器学习模型，从文本中推断出 OCEAN 的特征。

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引用次数: 0

Personality dynamics turn positive and negative mood into creativity 人格动力将积极和消极情绪转化为创造力。

IF 5 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12913

Ronald Bledow, Jana Kühnel, Julius Kuhl

Introduction

Research on the link between affect and creativity rests on the assumption that creativity unfolds as a stimulus-driven response to affective states. We challenge this assumption and examine whether personality dynamics moderate the relationships between positive and negative mood with creativity.

Theoretical Model

According to our model, personality dynamics that generate and maintain positive affect and downregulate negative affect energize creativity. Based on this model, we expect high creativity in response to negative mood if people engage in self-motivation and achieve a reduction in negative mood. We further derive that individual differences in action versus state orientation moderate the within-person relationship between mood and creativity.

Method

We conducted an experience-sampling study and examined the relationship between mood and creativity in everyday work-life. Two hundred and ten participants indicated their action-state orientation and reported their mood three times a day over five consecutive workdays. At noon of each day, we assessed self-motivation and in the evening the extent to which participants had generated novel and useful ideas during the day.

Results

We observed high creativity when negative mood declined and self-motivation was high. Action-state orientation moderated the within-person relationships of positive and negative mood with creativity.

Conclusion

Personality dynamics determine whether positive and negative mood result in creativity.

导言：有关情绪与创造力之间联系的研究基于这样一种假设，即创造力是对情绪状态的刺激驱动反应。我们对这一假设提出质疑，并研究人格动力是否会缓和积极和消极情绪与创造力之间的关系：根据我们的模型，能够产生和维持积极情绪并降低消极情绪的人格动力能够激发创造力。根据这一模型，如果人们进行自我激励并实现消极情绪的降低，我们预计他们在应对消极情绪时会表现出较高的创造力。我们进一步推导出，行动与状态取向的个体差异会缓和情绪与创造力之间的人际关系：我们进行了一项经验取样研究，考察了日常工作生活中情绪与创造力之间的关系。210 名参与者在连续五个工作日内每天三次表明自己的行动-状态取向并报告自己的情绪。每天中午，我们对参与者的自我激励进行评估，晚上则对参与者在一天中产生新颖、有用想法的程度进行评估：结果：我们观察到，当消极情绪减少且自我激励较高时，创造力较高。行动状态取向调节了积极和消极情绪与创造力之间的人际关系：人格动态决定了积极和消极情绪是否会产生创造力。

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引用次数: 0

Purpose and goal pursuit as a self-sustaining system: Evidence of daily within-person reciprocity among adolescents in self-driven learning 目的和目标追求是一个自我维持的系统：青少年在自我驱动学习中的日常人际互惠证据。

IF 5 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12911

Kaylin Ratner, Jessica R. Gladstone, Gaoxia Zhu, Qingyi Li, Melody Estevez, Anthony L. Burrow

Objective

Despite long-standing assumptions that a sense of purpose in life and goal pursuit are mutually supportive, empirical evidence of their reciprocity remains deficient. In the context of a unique out-of-school time program that empowers youth to pursue passions through self-driven learning, we examined whether purpose and one aspect of goal pursuit—perceptions of goal progress—work together to sustain themselves and each other over time.

Method

Adolescents (N = 321) completed daily surveys throughout program enrollment (M_enrollment = 69.09 days). Through dynamic structural equation modeling, we derived within-person patterns of day-to-day prediction as well as individual differences in these patterns.

Results

We found purpose and perceived goal progress exhibited significant daily inertia (i.e., autoregressive prediction) and reciprocity (i.e., cross-lagged prediction) at the within-person level. We also found initial evidence suggesting (a) tighter reciprocity was related to greater perceived goal progress overall and (b) people with greater purpose inertia may rely less on making goal progress to sustain momentum.

Conclusions

With evidence of daily purpose-progress reciprocity, the field can look forward to replicating this work in other contexts, diving deeper into interesting patterns of within-person dynamics, and developing interventions to support youth striving.

目的：尽管长期以来，人们一直认为人生目的感和目标追求是相辅相成的，但关于两者互惠关系的实证证据仍然不足。在一个独特的校外项目中，青少年通过自我驱动的学习来追求激情，我们研究了目标感和目标追求的一个方面--对目标进展的看法--是否能够共同维持自身和对方的长期发展：青少年（N = 321）在整个计划注册期间（注册时间 = 69.09 天）完成了每日调查。通过动态结构方程建模，我们得出了个人内部的日常预测模式以及这些模式的个体差异：我们发现，目的和感知到的目标进展在个人水平上表现出显著的日常惯性（即自回归预测）和互惠性（即交叉滞后预测）。我们还发现了一些初步证据，表明（a）更紧密的互惠与更大的感知目标进展总体相关，以及（b）目标惰性较大的人可能较少依赖于目标进展来维持动力：有了日常目标-进展互惠性的证据，该领域可以期待在其他背景下复制这项工作，深入研究人际动态的有趣模式，并制定干预措施以支持青少年努力奋斗。

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引用次数: 0

The association between personality, relationship satisfaction, and psychopathology in a three-wave, longitudinal study 三波纵向研究中人格、人际关系满意度和精神病理学之间的关系。

IF 5 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12910

Samantha Dashineau, Skye Napolitano, Susan C. South

Objective

The aim of this work was to better understand the role of personality as it relates to psychopathology, with satisfaction as a mediating variable.

Background

Personality is an important determinant of many life outcomes including relationship satisfaction and psychopathology. Previous work has demonstrated that broad domains of normal personality have low-to-moderate associations with various forms of psychopathology. Research has primarily focused on mechanisms that might explain how common personality traits put one at risk for common forms of psychopathology; this work builds upon existing work in examining relationship satisfaction as one possible mechanism. No study to date has examined whether relationship satisfaction mediates the connection between personality and psychopathology.

Method

We utilized multilevel modeling in a longitudinal sample of 100 newlywed couples to test the hypothesis that major domains of personality (positive temperament, negative temperament, disinhibition) have a significant effect on relationship satisfaction which, in turn, is significantly associated with internalizing and externalizing forms of psychopathology.

Results

We found no evidence for the mediating role of relationship satisfaction; however, in exploratory analyses, we did find evidence for both between-person and within-person effects of personality on psychopathology.

Conclusions

This study confirms the role of personality as an important factor in consideration of dyadic processes, though not entirely deterministic for downstream functioning. Thus, separate factors in addition to personality may be worth examining in consideration of how low relationship satisfaction may be associated with psychopathology.

目的：这项研究的目的是更好地了解人格与精神病理学之间的关系：这项研究的目的是更好地了解人格在心理病理学中的作用，并将满意度作为一个中介变量：背景：人格是包括人际关系满意度和心理病理学在内的许多生活结果的重要决定因素。以往的研究表明，正常人格的广泛领域与各种形式的精神病理学有着低度到中度的关联。研究主要集中于解释常见人格特质如何使人面临常见形式的精神病理学风险的机制；本研究在现有研究的基础上，将人际关系满意度作为一种可能的机制进行研究。迄今为止，还没有任何一项研究探讨了人际关系满意度是否会介导人格与精神病理学之间的联系：我们在 100 对新婚夫妇的纵向样本中使用了多层次模型，以检验以下假设：人格的主要领域（积极气质、消极气质、抑制）对关系满意度有显著影响，而关系满意度又与内化和外化形式的心理病理学有显著关联：我们没有发现任何证据表明人际关系满意度起到了中介作用；但是，在探索性分析中，我们确实发现了人格对精神病理学的人际效应和人内效应：本研究证实了人格在考虑伴侣关系过程中的重要作用，尽管它并不完全决定下游功能的发挥。因此，在考虑低关系满意度如何与精神病理学相关联时，人格以外的其他因素可能也值得研究。

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引用次数: 0

Dispositional compassion shifts social preferences in systematic ways 倾向性同情心以系统的方式改变了社会偏好。

IF 5 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12896

Joseph Ocampo, Dacher Keltner

Introduction: How people attach value to the outcomes of self and other—social preferences—is central to social behavior. Recently, how dispositional and state emotion shape such social preferences has received researchers' attention.Method: The present investigation asked whether and to what extent dispositional and state compassion predict shifts in social preferences across 4 samples: two correlational samples (final ns 153 & 368, study 1a and 1b) and two experimental samples (final ns: 430 & 530, studies 2 and 3).Results: In keeping with recent accounts of compassion, dispositional compassion predicted general preference for equality, expressed as dispreference for both monetary advantage over another (interaction βs = −0.36, −0.33, −0.25, −0.22; all p < 0.001) and monetary disadvantage relative to others (βs: 0.26, 0.27, 0.28, 0.17; all p < 0.01; positive coefficients imply dispreference). This dispositional effect persisted when controlling for prosociality, positivity, agreeableness, and respectfulness. Furthermore, these dispositional compassion effects were relatively unchanged by experimental emotion inductions in studies 3 and 4. The experimental inductions of state compassion and state pride showed little evidence of systematic effects on social preferences relative to each other or a neutral condition.Discussion: Discussion focused on individual differences in emotion and social preferences.

引言人们如何重视自己和他人的结果--社会偏好--是社会行为的核心。最近，性格和状态情感如何影响这种社会偏好受到了研究人员的关注：本研究调查了四个样本：两个相关样本（最终 ns 分别为 153 和 368，研究 1a 和 1b）和两个实验样本（最终 ns 分别为 430 和 530，研究 2 和 3）中的倾向性和状态情感是否以及在多大程度上预测了社会偏好的变化：结果：与最近关于同情心的论述一致，性格上的同情心预示着对平等的普遍偏好，表现为对两种货币优势的偏好都高于另一种货币优势（交互作用 βs = -0.36、-0.33、-0.25、-0.22；所有 p 讨论：讨论的重点是情感和社会偏好的个体差异。

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引用次数: 0