Journal of Personality最新文献_第10页

Comparing NIRA and Traditional Network Approaches: A Study Case With Antisocial Personality Disorder Traits NIRA与传统网络方法的比较：一个反社会人格障碍特征的研究案例。

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.13005

Gisele Magarotto Machado, Knut Erik Skjeldal, Cato Grønnerød, Lucas de Francisco de Carvalho

Objective

This study explores the NodeIdentifyR algorithm (NIRA) as a novel network analysis method for examining Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) traits.

Methods

Using a sample of 2230 Brazilian adults (aged 18–73 years) who responded to ASPD-related factors of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), we applied NIRA to an ASPD network and compared its results with traditional network analysis methods.

Results

Our findings revealed that deceitfulness emerged as the most central trait across both methodologies. NIRA provided additional insights, indicating that simulated decreases in the likelihood of irresponsibility reduced the presence of other traits, while a simulated increase in deceitfulness amplified the likelihood of other ASPD pathological traits.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that traditional network centrality measures converge with NIRA's simulated increase results, but NIRA's simulated decrease provides additional information not captured by traditional centrality estimates. We recommend further research to validate these findings across different psychopathologies and refine NIRA use in clinical settings. The insights from this study could serve as a foundation for developing targeted interventions and enhancing our understanding of ASPD trait dynamics.

目的：探讨NodeIdentifyR算法（NIRA）作为一种新的网络分析方法来检测反社会人格障碍（ASPD）的特征。方法：选取对DSM-5 （pid5）人格量表中ASPD相关因素有反应的2230名巴西成年人（18-73岁）为样本，将NIRA应用于一个ASPD网络，并将其结果与传统网络分析方法进行比较。结果：我们的研究结果表明，欺骗是两种方法中最核心的特征。NIRA提供了额外的见解，表明模拟的不负责任可能性的减少减少了其他特征的存在，而模拟的欺骗增加了其他反社会障碍病理特征的可能性。结论：我们的研究结果表明，传统的网络中心性度量与NIRA模拟的增加结果收敛，但NIRA模拟的减少提供了传统中心性估计无法捕获的额外信息。我们建议进一步研究以验证不同精神病理学的这些发现，并完善NIRA在临床环境中的应用。本研究的见解可以作为制定有针对性的干预措施和增强我们对反社会人格障碍特征动态的理解的基础。

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引用次数: 0

When Self-Compassion Lacks Ferocity: Anger and Responding to False Accusations 当自我同情缺乏凶猛：愤怒和对虚假指控的反应。

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.13004

Benjamin J. I. Schellenberg, Amy Geddes, Shaelyn Strachan, Daniel Bailis

Objective

Self-compassion can help people when they make mistakes, but does it affect how people respond when falsely accused of making a mistake? In this research, we tested the hypothesis that self-compassion is associated with lower levels of anger after a false accusation which, in turn, lowers the likelihood that people will attempt to challenge the accusation.

Method

In Studies 1A (N = 422) and 1B (N = 492), participants imagined that they were playing in an important tennis match and were falsely accused by an official of making an error. In Study 2 (N = 346), participants completed an online survey that, at one point, displayed a message accusing them of plagiarizing one of their responses.

Results

In all studies, self-compassion assessed prior to the accusation was negatively associated with levels of anger following the accusation. Anger, in turn, was positively associated with intentions to challenge the accusation (Studies 1A and 1B) and with the likelihood that participants brought the false accusation to our attention when given an opportunity to do so (Study 2).

Conclusion

This research shows that highly self-compassionate people are not always ferocious and may be susceptible to being taken advantage of when facing false accusations.

目的：当人们犯错时，自我同情可以帮助他们，但是当人们被错误地指责犯了错误时，它会影响人们的反应吗？在这项研究中，我们测试了这样一个假设，即自我同情与受到虚假指控后较低水平的愤怒有关，而这种愤怒反过来又降低了人们试图挑战指控的可能性。方法：在研究1A （N = 422）和1B （N = 492）中，参与者想象他们正在参加一场重要的网球比赛，并被官员错误地指责犯了错误。在研究2 （N = 346）中，参与者完成了一项在线调查，在某一点上，显示了一条消息，指责他们抄袭了他们的一个回答。结果：在所有的研究中，在指责之前评估的自我同情与指责后的愤怒水平呈负相关。反过来，愤怒与挑战指控的意图（研究1A和1B）以及参与者在有机会让我们注意到错误指控的可能性（研究2）正相关。结论：这项研究表明，高度自我同情的人并不总是凶猛的，在面对错误指控时可能容易被利用。

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引用次数: 0

More Grateful Today, Less Depressive Tomorrow: The Day-to-Day Association Between Gratitude and Depressed Mood 今天多感恩，明天少抑郁：感恩与抑郁情绪之间的日常联系。

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12997

Linting Zhang, Bryant Pui Hung Hui, Da Jiang, Feng Kong

Objective

Previous research has documented a negative between-person association between gratitude and depressed mood. However, how gratitude relates to depressed mood at the within-person level remains less understood. The current study aimed to revisit the association between gratitude and depressed mood using a daily diary approach and examine the potential moderating effects of trait gratitude, neuroticism, and extraversion.

Method

Our sample consisted of 243 college students (M_age = 19.12), who reported their daily levels of gratitude and depressed mood for 14 days. There is a final sample of 3384 diaries.

Results

The multilevel cross-lagged path analysis revealed that gratitude was negatively associated with depressed mood on the subsequent day. This result remained consistent after controlling for well-being from the previous day. Furthermore, trait gratitude, neuroticism, and extraversion did not moderate the relationship between gratitude on day n−1 and depressed mood on day n.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the benefits of gratitude in daily life, suggesting that gratitude might function as a protective factor in mitigating depressed mood.

目的：以往的研究已经证明感恩与抑郁情绪之间存在负相关。然而，在个人层面上，感恩与抑郁情绪之间的关系仍然不太清楚。本研究旨在利用每日日记的方法重新审视感恩与抑郁情绪之间的关系，并研究感恩特质、神经质和外向性的潜在调节作用。方法：我们的样本包括243名大学生（Mage = 19.12），他们报告了14天内他们每天的感恩水平和抑郁情绪。这是3384本日记的最终样本。结果：多层次交叉滞后路径分析显示，感恩与次日抑郁情绪呈负相关。在控制了前一天的幸福感之后，这个结果仍然是一致的。此外，感恩特质、神经质和外向性并没有调节第n-1天感恩与第n-1天抑郁情绪的关系。结论：这些发现突出了感恩在日常生活中的益处，表明感恩可能是缓解抑郁情绪的保护因素。

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引用次数: 0

Personal Values and Cognitive Biases 个人价值观与认知偏差。

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.13001

Andrey Elster, Lilach Sagiv

Introduction

Psychology textbooks abound with demonstrations of classic biases, yet the question why some people are more or less susceptible to those biases remains little explored. Drawing on Schwartz Values Theory (1992), we aim to show how individual differences in personal values, which express trans-situational, chronic motivations of a perceiver, impact cognitive biases.

Method

In six studies (N = 843; 42.6% female, M_age = 30.7), we assessed personal values and manipulated or measured two fundamental cognitive biases: the self-serving bias (Studies 1–3) and the halo effect (Studies 4–6).

Results

As hypothesized, individuals were more susceptible to cognitive biases, when the content of a bias was compatible with their important values. Specifically, the more individuals emphasized achievement values, the more they were susceptible to the self-serving bias; and the more individuals emphasized benevolence values, the more they were susceptible to the halo effect of warmth. Other value types were not systematically associated with the biases.

Conclusions

Overall, our findings indicate that cognitive biases are more likely to emerge when their manifestations are compatible with the chronic motivation of the perceiver. We suggest additional examples of cognitive biases that may be related to values and discuss theoretical implications of our findings.

导读：心理学教科书中充斥着经典偏见的论证，然而为什么有些人或多或少容易受到这些偏见的影响，这个问题仍然很少被探讨。利用施瓦茨价值观理论（1992），我们旨在展示个人价值观的个体差异是如何影响认知偏差的。个人价值观表达了感知者的跨情境、长期动机。方法：6项研究(N = 843；42.6%女性，Mage = 30.7)，我们评估了个人价值观并操纵或测量了两种基本的认知偏见：自我服务偏见（研究1-3）和光环效应（研究4-6）。结果：正如假设的那样，当偏见的内容与他们的重要价值观相一致时，个体更容易受到认知偏见的影响。个体越强调成就价值，就越容易产生自我服务偏见；个体越强调仁慈价值观，就越容易受到温暖光环效应的影响。其他价值类型与偏差没有系统关联。结论：总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，当认知偏差的表现与认知者的长期动机相一致时，认知偏差更有可能出现。我们提出了可能与价值观相关的认知偏差的其他例子，并讨论了我们研究结果的理论含义。

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引用次数: 0

Livin’ La Vida Sola: Network Diversity and Well-Being in Middle-Aged Adults Living Alone Livin' La Vida Sola：网络多样性与独居中年人的幸福生活

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12998

Philipp Kersten, Marcus Mund, Franz J. Neyer

Background

For individuals living alone, having a diverse personal network is considered crucial for mitigating the risk of social isolation and enhancing well-being. Although a reciprocal dynamic between network diversity and well-being is likely, longitudinal evidence supporting reciprocal effects is limited. This study investigates dynamic transactions between network diversity and well-being (life satisfaction, loneliness, and depressiveness) in a community-based sample of middle-aged adults from Germany. It also explores moderations by the duration of living alone.

Method

Data were drawn from the three-wave RIKSCHA (Risks and Chances of Living Alone) project, which includes N = 389 middle-aged adults living alone.

Results

Cross-lagged panel models revealed high rank-order stabilities and correlated changes in network diversity and well-being. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models and dynamic panel models indicated that unobserved traits accounted for these high stabilities. Correlated changes disappeared when accounting for the trait-like stability of variables. Across all models, no evidence of reciprocal associations between network diversity and well-being was found. All results remained consistent regardless of the duration of living alone.

Conclusions

The study discusses trait factors accounting for the high stabilities observed in network diversity and well-being among middle-aged adults living alone. Future research should further explore the traits impacting successful adaptation to living alone within the context of personal networks.

背景：对于独居者来说，拥有多样化的个人网络被认为是降低社会隔离风险和提高幸福感的关键。尽管网络多样性与幸福感之间可能存在互惠动态关系，但支持互惠效应的纵向证据却很有限。本研究以德国中年人为社区样本，调查了网络多样性与幸福感（生活满意度、孤独感和抑郁感）之间的动态关系。研究还探讨了独居时间的调节作用：数据来自三波 RIKSCHA（独居风险与机会）项目，该项目包括 N = 389 名独居中年人：交叉滞后面板模型揭示了网络多样性和幸福感的高阶稳定性和相关变化。随机截距交叉滞后面板模型和动态面板模型表明，未观察到的特征是这些高稳定性的原因。如果考虑到变量的特质稳定性，相关变化就会消失。在所有模型中，没有发现网络多样性与幸福感之间存在相互关联的证据。无论独居时间长短，所有结果都保持一致：本研究讨论了导致独居中年人网络多样性和幸福感高度稳定的特质因素。未来的研究应进一步探讨在个人网络中影响成功适应独居生活的特质。

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引用次数: 0

Measures of Subclinical Psychopathy and Everyday Sadism are Still Redundant: A Conceptual Replication and Extension of Blötner and Mokros (2023) 亚临床心理变态和日常虐待狂的测量仍然是多余的：Blötner和Mokros（2023）的概念复制与扩展》。

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12996

Christian Blötner, Sandy S. Spormann, Miriam J. Hofmann, Andreas Mokros

Objective

Various psychological concepts with different names reflect essentially the same content. A recent study (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112102) found short scales of subclinical psychopathy and everyday sadism to be affected by this so-called jangle fallacy: Latent factors of psychopathy and everyday sadism were almost perfectly correlated, the nomological networks of psychopathy and sadism measures were almost identical, and in some cases, core criteria of psychopathy were more strongly related to sadism and vice versa.

Method

The present research (Ns = 1076 and 507; self-report) is an extended replication of the aforementioned study utilizing long scales instead of short scales for both constructs and corresponding criteria that were more pertinent to their potential distinction.

Results

As in the original study, the latent psychopathy and sadism factors were almost perfectly correlated. The nomological networks of the psychopathy and sadism scales were almost identical, with numerous focal correlates of psychopathy being equally or even more strongly related to sadism and vice versa.

Conclusion

These findings corroborate the earlier findings of the jangle fallacy of subclinical psychopathy and everyday sadism, calling into question the existence of everyday sadism as a unique construct.

目的：名称不同的各种心理学概念所反映的内容基本相同。最近的一项研究（https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112102）发现，亚临床心理变态和日常虐待狂的短量表受到了这种所谓的 "铿锵谬误 "的影响：心理变态和日常虐待狂的潜在因素几乎完全相关，心理变态和虐待狂测量的名义网络几乎相同，在某些情况下，心理变态的核心标准与虐待狂的关系更为密切，反之亦然：本研究（Ns = 1076 和 507；自我报告）是对上述研究的扩展复制，使用了长量表而不是短量表来测量这两个概念和相应的标准，这些标准与它们的潜在区别更为相关：与最初的研究一样，潜在的变态心理和虐待狂因子几乎完全相关。心理变态和施虐狂量表的命名网络几乎完全相同，心理变态的许多焦点相关因素与施虐狂的相关性相同甚至更强，反之亦然：这些研究结果证实了之前关于亚临床心理变态和日常虐待狂的纠缠谬误的研究结果，从而对日常虐待狂作为一种独特结构的存在提出了质疑。

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引用次数: 0

The (Un)Attractiveness of Dark Triad Personalities: Assessing Fictitious Characters for Short- and Long-Term Relationships 黑暗三合会人格的（不）吸引力：评估虚构人物的短期和长期关系。

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12994

Yavor Dragostinov, Tom Booth

Objective

The current study assessed how individuals evaluate potential romantic partners who display either low, medium, or high levels of DT traits for short-term (STR) and long-term (LTR) relationships.

Methods

Nine fictitious persons in the form of vignettes (description of behavior and facial image) were presented to every participant. The sex of the fictitious persons was determined by sexual orientation of each participant, while the displayed faces were selected from an existing image bank and matched for physical attractiveness. Study 1 (n = 475) used a fixed composition for face and trait description, while the composition for Study 2 (n = 794) was randomized. Mixed-effects modeling was implemented for both studies.

Results

Study 1 demonstrated people with a male preference (mostly women) perceived medium levels of the three traits as the most attractive STR. For Study 2, both men and women found the low levels the most attractive for both STRs and LTRs.

Conclusions

Findings from Study 1 were mostly consistent across previous DT attractiveness literature, while findings from Study 2 contradicted them. This could suggest that the concept of DT is not as attractive even for STRs unless it is accompanied by physical attractiveness.

研究目的本研究评估了个体如何评价在短期（STR）和长期（LTR）关系中表现出低、中或高DT特质的潜在恋爱对象：以小故事（行为描述和面部形象）的形式向每位受试者展示九个虚构人物。虚构人物的性别由每位受试者的性取向决定，而展示的面孔则是从现有的图像库中挑选出来的，并根据外貌吸引力进行了匹配。研究 1（n = 475）采用了固定的面孔和特征描述组合，而研究 2（n = 794）的组合则是随机的。两项研究都采用了混合效应模型：研究 1 表明，男性偏好者（大部分为女性）认为三种特质的中等水平是最具吸引力的 STR。在研究 2 中，男性和女性都认为低水平的 STR 和 LTR 最具吸引力：研究 1 的结果与之前的 DT 吸引力文献基本一致，而研究 2 的结果则与之相悖。这可能表明，DT 的概念即使对 STR 来说也不那么有吸引力，除非它伴随着身体上的吸引力。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding Parenting Stress in Adoptive Parents: A Longitudinal Multilevel Study of Parents' Self-Criticism, Child Negative Emotionality, and Child Age at Placement 了解领养父母的养育压力：关于父母自我批评、儿童消极情绪和儿童安置年龄的纵向多层次研究》（A Longitudinal Multilevel Study of Parents' Self-Criticism, Child Negative Emotionality, and Child Age at Placement）。

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12993

Simon Fiore, Patrick Luyten, Nicole Vliegen, Bart Soenens

Introduction

Research on parenting stress in adoptive parents during the early years post-placement reveals significant variability, yet few studies examine both parent- and child-related factors. This study investigates the role of the personality dimension of self-criticism and perceived negative child emotionality in relation to parenting stress during the first four years after transnational adoption. Additionally, it explores the moderating effect of child age at placement, a key factor associated with early adversity.

Methods

Drawing upon a longitudinal five-wave dataset in the first 4 years after the child arrived in the adoptive family, this study used multi-informant data of 96 adoptive mothers and fathers of transnationally adopted children (mean child age at placement = 13.48 months). Data were analyzed using a multilevel structural equation modeling approach.

Results

Parents' self-criticism was positively associated with parenting stress at the between-parent level. At the within-parent level, year-to-year fluctuations in both parents' self-criticism and perceived child's negative emotionality were positively associated with corresponding fluctuations in parenting stress. Child age at placement did not moderate any of these associations.

Conclusions

Overall, this study yielded convincing evidence for the dynamic nature of parenting stress in the first years after child placement, the role of parental self-criticism, and the child's perceived negative emotionality herein.

导言：有关收养父母在收养后最初几年的养育压力的研究显示，养育压力存在很大的差异，但很少有研究同时考察与父母和儿童相关的因素。本研究调查了自我批评的人格维度和感知到的儿童负面情绪性在跨国收养后头四年中与养育压力的关系。此外，本研究还探讨了儿童的安置年龄这一与早期逆境相关的关键因素的调节作用：本研究使用了 96 位跨国收养儿童的养母和养父（被收养儿童的平均年龄为 13.48 个月）的多信息数据，利用了儿童被收养后头 4 年的五波纵向数据集。研究采用多层次结构方程建模法对数据进行了分析：结果：在父母之间，父母的自我批评与养育压力呈正相关。在父母内部层面，父母的自我批评和感知到的孩子的负面情绪性的逐年波动与相应的养育压力波动呈正相关。儿童的安置年龄并不影响这些关联：总之，这项研究提供了令人信服的证据，证明了儿童安置后最初几年养育压力的动态性质、父母自我批评的作用以及儿童感知到的负面情绪性。

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引用次数: 0

Personality and Meat Consumption Among Romantic Partners in Daily Life 日常生活中浪漫伴侣的性格与肉类消费

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12992

Nicholas Poh-Jie Tan, Maxim Trenkenschuh, Dana Ackermann, Leyla Anina Rosero Betancourt, Wiebke Bleidorn, Christopher J. Hopwood

Objective

Eating is often a social activity that can be influenced by others, particularly in close relationships when dietary preferences reflect underlying value differences. We sought to examine the personality traits of meat-eating couples who differ in their preferences for meat.

Method

We recruited Swiss romantic couples in which one partner typically consumed more meat than the other (N = 272, couples = 136). At baseline, participants completed survey measures of self- and informant-rated personality traits at the domain (e.g., agreeableness) and aspect level (e.g., compassion) and meat consumption. Participants then completed 28 daily meal surveys about their meat consumption.

Results

Among high-meat eating partners, those higher in openness/intellect and compassion ate less meat. Additionally, higher intellect among low-meat eating partners predicted lower meat consumption among high-meat eating partners.

Conclusions

These findings replicate evidence that personality plays an important role in meat-eating and extend this evidence to meat consumption in a relational context.

目标饮食通常是一种会受到他人影响的社交活动，尤其是在亲密关系中，饮食偏好反映了潜在的价值差异。我们试图研究在肉类偏好上存在差异的肉食夫妇的人格特质。方法我们招募了瑞士的浪漫情侣，其中一方通常比另一方摄入更多的肉类（N = 272，情侣 = 136）。在基线阶段，受试者完成了对自我和线人评定的人格特质的领域（如合群性）和方面（如同情心）以及肉类消费的调查测量。结果在肉食摄入量高的伙伴中，开放性/智力和同情心较高的人肉食摄入量较少。结论这些研究结果重复了人格在肉食中扮演重要角色的证据，并将这一证据扩展到关系背景下的肉食消费。

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引用次数: 0

Agency and Communion in Brief Entire Life Narratives Across the Life Span 跨越生命周期的简短一生叙事中的代理与共融

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12990

Nina F. Kemper, Theresa Martin, Lea Cohrs, Florian Schmiedek, Tilmann Habermas

Objective

The evolving life story is integral to personality, and motivational themes are central features of the life story. Personality implies individual differences that are relatively stable over time, but still allow for developmental processes. This study explored both long-term stability and developmental change in thematic content of the life story.

Method

Fulfilled and unfulfilled agency and communion were studied in brief entire life narratives across 4 measurements in 12 years in a cohort-sequential design including six cohorts (n = 172; age 8–77).

Results

Fulfilled agency and communion, as well as unfulfilled agency exhibited moderate rank order stability over 4 and 8 years, fulfilled communion showed even a modest 12-year stability, whereas unfulfilled communion displayed an unsystematic pattern. Developmentally, multilevel analyses revealed an inverted U-shaped association between age and both fulfilled and unfulfilled agency, peaking in mid-life. Fulfilled communion declined after emerging adulthood, but unexpectedly did not increase again in old age. Unfulfilled communion showed no systematic age trends. Girls and women told life narratives with more fulfilled and unfulfilled communion, whereas genders did not differ in either kind of agency.

Conclusion

The content of the life story exhibits rank-order stability over time and systematic mean-level development across the life span.

目标不断演变的人生故事是人格不可或缺的组成部分，而动机主题则是人生故事的核心特征。人格意味着个体差异随着时间的推移相对稳定，但仍有发展过程。本研究探讨了生命故事主题内容的长期稳定性和发展变化。研究方法通过队列-序列设计（包括六个队列（n = 172；年龄 8-77）），在 12 年中的 4 次测量中，在简短的整个生命叙事中研究了已实现和未实现的代理和共融。从发展角度看，多层次分析表明，年龄与充实型代理和非充实型代理之间存在倒 U 型关系，在中年期达到顶峰。在成年后，满足的共生关系有所下降，但出乎意料的是，到了老年，这种关系并没有再次上升。未实现的交际没有系统性的年龄趋势。女孩和女性在讲述人生故事时，有更多的成就感和非成就感，而两性在这两种代理方面没有差异。

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引用次数: 0