Journal of Personality最新文献

Objective: Personal values and personality traits are both important aspects of personality, but much is still unknown about the fundamental differences between the constructs, including how their patterns of temporal stability compare. This paper investigated patterns of intra-individual stability in both values and traits.

Method: Quantile correlations were estimated between each of the 20 refined personal values and the same values 2 years later in a large longitudinal sample of Australian adults (N = 2875). The same was done for each of the 15 Five-Factor Model trait facets in a subsample of these participants (n = 2424).

Results: It was observed that more important values tended to remain more stable over time, while traits retained a similar stability regardless of trait strength, and frequently showed small decreases in stability at extreme levels.

Conclusions: Findings indicate that highly prioritized values may be a more central aspect of the self, and a more reliable element for predicting future outcomes, than less highly prioritized values, but in contrast, traits do not function in a way that is dependent on trait strength.

Visvalingam, S., N. R. Magson, A. R. Newins, and M. Norberg. 2023. "Going It Alone: Examining Interpersonal Sensitivity and Hostility as Mediators of the Link Between Perfectionism and Social Disconnection." Journal of Personality 92, no. 4: 1024-1036. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12868. The authors have identified the following errors in data preparation: Data were not linked for one participant who used different ID codes across Time 1 and 3. Data for Time 3 were not excluded for one participant who failed the Time 1 attention check. The UCLA Loneliness scale was erroneously coded 0-3 instead of 1-4 and one item was repeated. These errors were corrected, and the data were reanalyzed leading to minor changes in some of the previously reported values. Four additional outliers were also identified in the corrected dataset. Importantly, the original findings and conclusions did not change. The corrected tables, models, and updated article text can be found here: https://osf.io/gza5y/?view_only=3c2fa9efced14c32aca7a9f4f5f14ab9. We apologize for these errors.

Objective: We replicated and extended previous research examining the accuracy of judgments of four facets of adult playfulness (Other-directed, Lighthearted, Intellectual, and Whimsical; OLIW) at zero-acquaintance.

Method: We conducted a conceptual replication study. One hundred sixty targets provided self-ratings for the OLIW facets, textual self-descriptions (≤ five sentences), daily self-ratings of playfulness for 14 consecutive days, and ratings by knowledgeable others. Six unacquainted judges provided rated targets' playfulness based on their self-descriptions. We replicated findings on trait-wise self-other agreement (SOA) and consensus and extended prior research by testing SOA for profiles of the four facets and two distinct accuracy criteria (i.e., targets' diary data and aggregates of targets' self-reports and those from knowledgeable others).

Results: All interpersonal perception indicators showed that facets of playfulness can be perceived above chance (SOA ≥ 0.26; consensus ≥ 0.29, accuracies ≥ 0.16). SOA extends from single facets to profiles, also when controlling for stereotype effects.

Conclusions: Playfulness can be accurately observed from minimal textual information at zero acquaintance. Our study highlights the robustness of findings on the interpersonal perception of playfulness across samples and methods, and degrees of acquaintanceship. We discuss implications for playfulness in social relationships.

Introduction: Early child development occurs within an interactive environment, initially dominated by parents or caregivers, and is heavily influenced by the dynamics of this social context. The current study probed the neurobiology of "family personality", or family functioning, in the context of parent-child dyadic interaction using a two-person neuroimaging modality.

Methods: One hundred and five parent-child dyads (child mean age 5 years 4 months) were recruited. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning was employed to measure neural synchrony while dyads completed a mildly stressful interactive task. Family functioning was measured through the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale IV (FACES-IV).

Results: Synchrony during stress was significantly greater than synchrony during both baseline and recovery conditions for all dyads. A significant interaction between neural synchrony in each task condition and familial balanced flexibility was found, such that higher levels of balanced flexibility were associated with greater changes in frontal cortex neural synchrony as dyads progressed through the three task conditions.

Discussion: Parent-child dyads from families who display heightened levels of balanced flexibility are also more flexible in their engagement of neural synchrony when shifting between social conditions. This is one of the first studies to utilize a two-person imaging modality to explore the links between family functioning and interbrain synchrony between parents and their children.

Objective: Research challenged the notion that neuroticism correlates with affective variability, suggesting that it may result from statistical artifacts due to the non-normal distribution of negative affect. We aim to advance this line of research by (a) introducing affect balance as a normally distributed measure of affective well-being and (b) examining current affect balance as a moderator of the relationship between neuroticism and affect balance variability.

Method: We meta-analyzed the results of 14 ambulatory assessment datasets (N = 2389 participants, N = 174,423 observations).

Results: We found that while the associations between the mean and affective variability were large for negative affect, they were much smaller for affect balance. Moreover, the association between neuroticism and variability in negative affect was very small, yet medium-sized for affect balance. Importantly, the latter association depended on current affect levels: Participants high relative to low in neuroticism showed stronger subsequent fluctuations in affect balance when currently feeling better than usual, but weaker subsequent fluctuations in (and thus more persistent) affect balance when currently feeling worse than usual.

Conclusion: Increased variability should not be seen as a bad sign but may be a sign that an affective system is changing, which may be adaptive or maladaptive for an individual, depending on the initial state of the system.