Judith A. Hall, Nora A. Murphy, Katja Schlegel, Mitja D. Back
Introduction Everyday experience as well as the research literature on trait attributions suggest that people use nonverbal cues when judging the personality of a person. However, little research has reported on people's explicitly held beliefs about these associations. Methods Two hundred forty‐five participants recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk rated how strongly they thought 20 nonverbal cues are related to each of the Big Five traits. Their beliefs were then compared to a previous meta‐analysis to see how explicit beliefs compare to implicit beliefs measured in lens models (cue utilizations) and to actual links between the Big Five and nonverbal cues (cue validities). Results Participants' explicit beliefs formed coherent constellations for each trait. The explicit beliefs corresponded generally well with implicit beliefs as well as with cue validities. Conclusion The results support the validity of explicit beliefs about nonverbal cues and the Big Five, offering new opportunities for researchers interested in how beliefs affect interpersonal interactions.
{"title":"Explicit Beliefs About Nonverbal Behavior and the Big Five Traits","authors":"Judith A. Hall, Nora A. Murphy, Katja Schlegel, Mitja D. Back","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70030","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Everyday experience as well as the research literature on trait attributions suggest that people use nonverbal cues when judging the personality of a person. However, little research has reported on people's explicitly held beliefs about these associations. Methods Two hundred forty‐five participants recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk rated how strongly they thought 20 nonverbal cues are related to each of the Big Five traits. Their beliefs were then compared to a previous meta‐analysis to see how explicit beliefs compare to implicit beliefs measured in lens models (cue utilizations) and to actual links between the Big Five and nonverbal cues (cue validities). Results Participants' explicit beliefs formed coherent constellations for each trait. The explicit beliefs corresponded generally well with implicit beliefs as well as with cue validities. Conclusion The results support the validity of explicit beliefs about nonverbal cues and the Big Five, offering new opportunities for researchers interested in how beliefs affect interpersonal interactions.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"368 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145599197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective Memories shape perceptions and decisions in uncertain situations through their encoded levels of autonomy, competence, and relatedness satisfaction or frustration. This research investigated their predictive value on COVID‐19 conspiracy theories endorsement, when triggered by freedom‐restrictive contexts. Method Study 1 ( N = 141) randomly exposed participants to a control, moderate, or high freedom‐restrictive vignette before describing a memory. Participants reported their endorsement of COVID‐19 conspiracy theories a week later. Study 2 ( N = 213) asked participants to describe a memory after reading a freedom‐restrictive vignette. A week later, a yoked control design randomly assigned participants to either be primed with their own memory or with someone else's memory before reacting to a bogus conspiracy theory. Results Study 1 revealed a predictive association specifically between autonomy‐frustrating memories triggered by freedom‐restrictive vignettes and COVID‐19 conspiracy theories endorsement. Study 2 showed that priming autonomy‐frustrating memories situationally increased the likelihood of endorsing a bogus conspiracy theory, becoming angered by it, and expressing willingness to disseminate it, compared to a non‐primed group and a group primed with autonomy‐satisfying memories. Conclusions This research highlights the role of autonomy‐frustrating memories in endorsing conspiracy theories, suggesting that such endorsement can emerge from the interplay between the individual (memories) and the environment (triggering cues).
{"title":"Priming Need–Frustrating Memories Sparks Conspiracy Beliefs: A Self‐Determination Theory Perspective","authors":"Marie‐Jeanne Leonard, Frederick L. Philippe","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70032","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Memories shape perceptions and decisions in uncertain situations through their encoded levels of autonomy, competence, and relatedness satisfaction or frustration. This research investigated their predictive value on COVID‐19 conspiracy theories endorsement, when triggered by freedom‐restrictive contexts. Method Study 1 ( <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 141) randomly exposed participants to a control, moderate, or high freedom‐restrictive vignette before describing a memory. Participants reported their endorsement of COVID‐19 conspiracy theories a week later. Study 2 ( <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 213) asked participants to describe a memory after reading a freedom‐restrictive vignette. A week later, a yoked control design randomly assigned participants to either be primed with their own memory or with someone else's memory before reacting to a bogus conspiracy theory. Results Study 1 revealed a predictive association specifically between autonomy‐frustrating memories triggered by freedom‐restrictive vignettes and COVID‐19 conspiracy theories endorsement. Study 2 showed that priming autonomy‐frustrating memories situationally increased the likelihood of endorsing a bogus conspiracy theory, becoming angered by it, and expressing willingness to disseminate it, compared to a non‐primed group and a group primed with autonomy‐satisfying memories. Conclusions This research highlights the role of autonomy‐frustrating memories in endorsing conspiracy theories, suggesting that such endorsement can emerge from the interplay between the individual (memories) and the environment (triggering cues).","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"171 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145599129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer L. Tackett, Cassandra M. Brandes, Kathleen W. Reardon, Allison N. Shields
Introduction Dual strategy frameworks of motivation to lead differentiate Dominance motivations, which leverage fear and control to gain power and status, from Prestige motivations, which rely on respect and trust. Substantial research on these motivational pathways has been conducted in adults, but no empirical research studies them earlier in life. Methods In a sample of 388 middle adolescents (ages 13–18, both self‐ and mother‐report) and a comparison sample of 563 early adults (ages 18–23), we examined the psychometric properties and personality‐centered nomological network of the Achievement Motivation Scale in this preregistered study. Results Results indicated that individual differences in leadership motivations can be reliably assessed in middle adolescence and demonstrate theoretically predicted associations with personality traits. For example, Dominance motivations were associated with higher Extraversion and Social Potency, whereas Prestige motivations were associated with higher Agreeableness and Empathy. Discussion These findings suggest that leadership motivations emerge prior to adulthood and are similarly positioned in psychological context across adolescence and early adulthood. Future directions call for more empirical attention to youth leadership and improved measurement of Dominance and Prestige motivations.
{"title":"Dominance and Prestige Motivations to Lead in Adolescence","authors":"Jennifer L. Tackett, Cassandra M. Brandes, Kathleen W. Reardon, Allison N. Shields","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70029","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Dual strategy frameworks of motivation to lead differentiate Dominance motivations, which leverage fear and control to gain power and status, from Prestige motivations, which rely on respect and trust. Substantial research on these motivational pathways has been conducted in adults, but no empirical research studies them earlier in life. Methods In a sample of 388 middle adolescents (ages 13–18, both self‐ and mother‐report) and a comparison sample of 563 early adults (ages 18–23), we examined the psychometric properties and personality‐centered nomological network of the Achievement Motivation Scale in this preregistered study. Results Results indicated that individual differences in leadership motivations can be reliably assessed in middle adolescence and demonstrate theoretically predicted associations with personality traits. For example, Dominance motivations were associated with higher Extraversion and Social Potency, whereas Prestige motivations were associated with higher Agreeableness and Empathy. Discussion These findings suggest that leadership motivations emerge prior to adulthood and are similarly positioned in psychological context across adolescence and early adulthood. Future directions call for more empirical attention to youth leadership and improved measurement of Dominance and Prestige motivations.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145553334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives Individuals create narratives about the vocational domain of their lives, which represent their identity at work and encompass their remembered past, lived present and imagined future work lives. Grounded in the literature on narrative identity, we examine whether individual differences in features of narrative work identity prospectively predict resilience at work as an important vocational outcome. Method A sample of 125 teachers was interviewed about their work life stories and provided narratives about work life low points, work life turning points, and their main challenge at work. They completed two measures of resilience at both baseline and 6 months follow‐up, as well as measures of control variables (work demands, social support, occupational self‐efficacy, purpose of work, optimism and personality traits). Narratives were coded for redemption, contamination, agency and communion. Results Higher redemption predicted resilience after 6 months and was related to concurrent resilient behavior at work. More agency and less contamination correlated with resilience at baseline Conclusions The results suggest that narrative work identity represents a promising construct in the study of work identity and work‐related outcomes.
{"title":"Narrative Work Identity and Resilience—Redemption Prospectively Predicts Teachers' Stress Resilience at Work","authors":"Dela Sawatzki, Dorthe Kirkegaard Thomsen","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70028","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives Individuals create narratives about the vocational domain of their lives, which represent their identity at work and encompass their remembered past, lived present and imagined future work lives. Grounded in the literature on narrative identity, we examine whether individual differences in features of narrative work identity prospectively predict resilience at work as an important vocational outcome. Method A sample of 125 teachers was interviewed about their work life stories and provided narratives about work life low points, work life turning points, and their main challenge at work. They completed two measures of resilience at both baseline and 6 months follow‐up, as well as measures of control variables (work demands, social support, occupational self‐efficacy, purpose of work, optimism and personality traits). Narratives were coded for redemption, contamination, agency and communion. Results Higher redemption predicted resilience after 6 months and was related to concurrent resilient behavior at work. More agency and less contamination correlated with resilience at baseline Conclusions The results suggest that narrative work identity represents a promising construct in the study of work identity and work‐related outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145553335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicholas Kerry,Janna Hämpke,Adrienne Wood,Shelly Tsang,Kyle Barrantine,Shigehiro Oishi,K C White,Jeremy D W Clifton
OBJECTIVESevere illness and trauma can cause significant psychological distress, but individuals differ in their responses. This research tested whether world beliefs-fundamental assumptions about the nature of the world-moderate the relationship between negative life experiences and emotional distress.METHODStudy 1 compared individuals with chronic illnesses (cystic fibrosis or cancer) to healthy controls on measures of anxiety, depression, and world beliefs. Study 2 analyzed longitudinal data from university students assessed before and after a campus mass shooting, focusing on the Safe world belief as a moderator of stress.RESULTSIn Study 1, people with chronic illness showed substantially higher anxiety and depression than controls at low levels of Improvable, Regenerative, and Just world beliefs, but did not differ at high levels of those beliefs. In Study 2, students low in Safe belief reported increased stress both shortly after and 4 months after the shooting, while those high in Safe belief showed no increases. Other positive world beliefs were less effective moderators.CONCLUSIONSWorld beliefs appear to buffer individuals from emotional distress following severe illness or trauma. Further, the specific content of these beliefs, as well as their valence, appears important for emotional resilience.
{"title":"World Beliefs Moderate the Effects of Trauma and Severe Illness on Emotional Distress.","authors":"Nicholas Kerry,Janna Hämpke,Adrienne Wood,Shelly Tsang,Kyle Barrantine,Shigehiro Oishi,K C White,Jeremy D W Clifton","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70031","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVESevere illness and trauma can cause significant psychological distress, but individuals differ in their responses. This research tested whether world beliefs-fundamental assumptions about the nature of the world-moderate the relationship between negative life experiences and emotional distress.METHODStudy 1 compared individuals with chronic illnesses (cystic fibrosis or cancer) to healthy controls on measures of anxiety, depression, and world beliefs. Study 2 analyzed longitudinal data from university students assessed before and after a campus mass shooting, focusing on the Safe world belief as a moderator of stress.RESULTSIn Study 1, people with chronic illness showed substantially higher anxiety and depression than controls at low levels of Improvable, Regenerative, and Just world beliefs, but did not differ at high levels of those beliefs. In Study 2, students low in Safe belief reported increased stress both shortly after and 4 months after the shooting, while those high in Safe belief showed no increases. Other positive world beliefs were less effective moderators.CONCLUSIONSWorld beliefs appear to buffer individuals from emotional distress following severe illness or trauma. Further, the specific content of these beliefs, as well as their valence, appears important for emotional resilience.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145491554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiyeon Seo,Roshni Dwivedi,Kim Ngan Hoang,Alessandro Selvitella,Esther Fujiwara
INTRODUCTIONAlexithymia refers to difficulties in experiencing and expressing emotions, differentiating them from bodily sensations, restricted imagination, and externally oriented thinking. Mood and affective symptoms are often confounded with alexithymia due to the typical assessment through self-report. Performance measures may allow a more objective assessment of alexithymia. The goal of this study was to identify unique or shared performance-based features during emotional face processing.METHODSA total of 171 students provided data on alexithymia (BVAQ) and mood/affective symptoms (DASS-21), along with performance and eye movements during an emotional face processing task. LASSO regressions isolated features associated with alexithymia or mood/affective symptoms.RESULTSCognitive alexithymia in the BVAQ was linked to delayed attentional disengagement from facial eye regions, increased face fixations/visual search, and accurate but slower responses. Mood/affective symptoms showed a pervasive link to faster but less accurate responses, accompanied by decreased facial fixations and visual search.CONCLUSIONPerformance-based attentional dynamics during emotional face processing clearly distinguished (cognitive) alexithymia from mood and may aid in a multi-method assessment of alexithymia. Metrics such as these may better reflect behavioral dispositions and can be used as possible transdiagnostic markers of psychopathology.
{"title":"Attentional Dynamics During Emotional Face Processing Differentiate Alexithymia From Mood and Affective Symptoms.","authors":"Jiyeon Seo,Roshni Dwivedi,Kim Ngan Hoang,Alessandro Selvitella,Esther Fujiwara","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70027","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONAlexithymia refers to difficulties in experiencing and expressing emotions, differentiating them from bodily sensations, restricted imagination, and externally oriented thinking. Mood and affective symptoms are often confounded with alexithymia due to the typical assessment through self-report. Performance measures may allow a more objective assessment of alexithymia. The goal of this study was to identify unique or shared performance-based features during emotional face processing.METHODSA total of 171 students provided data on alexithymia (BVAQ) and mood/affective symptoms (DASS-21), along with performance and eye movements during an emotional face processing task. LASSO regressions isolated features associated with alexithymia or mood/affective symptoms.RESULTSCognitive alexithymia in the BVAQ was linked to delayed attentional disengagement from facial eye regions, increased face fixations/visual search, and accurate but slower responses. Mood/affective symptoms showed a pervasive link to faster but less accurate responses, accompanied by decreased facial fixations and visual search.CONCLUSIONPerformance-based attentional dynamics during emotional face processing clearly distinguished (cognitive) alexithymia from mood and may aid in a multi-method assessment of alexithymia. Metrics such as these may better reflect behavioral dispositions and can be used as possible transdiagnostic markers of psychopathology.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Henry R Cowan,Aidan G C Wright,Sarah L Pedersen,Dahlia Mukherjee,Sophie Lazarus,Jay C Fournier
INTRODUCTIONThis study examined affective reactions to thought content (TC) in daily life and the influence of neuroticism and internalizing symptoms.METHODSCommunity young adults (N = 119; n = 80 with elevated depression/anxiety) completed assessments of neuroticism, internalizing symptoms, and daily diary measures of TC and positive/negative affect for seven consecutive days (N = 758 observations). Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA) examined the structure of TC. Multilevel models examined TC-affect relationships and moderation by neuroticism and internalizing symptoms.RESULTSMCFA found two TC factors: internal-past (problems, emotions, the past) and external-present (external events, others, the present). Internal-past TC uniquely related to lower positive and higher negative affect within and between persons. External-present TC uniquely related to higher positive affect within and between persons. Neuroticism and internalizing related to higher negative and lower positive affect, but neither variable significantly moderated TC-affect relationships. Neuroticism had incremental effects over and above internalizing. At the facet level, self-consciousness uniquely predicted lower positive affect, and angry hostility uniquely predicted higher negative affect.DISCUSSIONTC meaningfully relates to emotion in daily life. Neuroticism and internalizing predicted overall experience of positive/negative emotion, not affective reactions to specific TC. Within-persons, neuroticism and internalizing were differentiated by the incremental effect of neuroticism and the specific effects of neuroticism facets. Theoretical, methodological, and clinical implications are discussed.
本研究探讨日常生活中对思想内容（TC）的情感反应，以及神经质和内化症状的影响。方法社区年轻人（N = 119; N = 80，抑郁/焦虑升高）完成了连续7天的神经质、内化症状、TC和积极/消极情绪的每日日记测量（N = 758）。多水平验证性因子分析（MCFA）检验了TC的结构。多层模型通过神经质和内化症状检验tc -影响关系和调节。结果smcfa发现了两个TC因素：内部过去（问题、情绪、过去）和外部现在（外部事件、他人、现在）。内部-过去情感障碍与个体内部和个体之间较低的积极情感和较高的消极情感相关。外现型情感障碍与人际间和内部的积极情感密切相关。神经质和内化与较高的消极情绪和较低的积极情绪相关，但两个变量都没有显著调节tc -影响关系。神经质的影响大于内化。在层面上，自我意识独特地预测较低的积极情绪，而愤怒的敌意独特地预测较高的消极情绪。讨论与日常生活中的情感有意义的关系。神经质和内化预测了积极/消极情绪的整体体验，而不是对特定TC的情感反应。人内、神经质和内化被区分为神经质的增量效应和神经质方面的特定效应。讨论了理论、方法和临床意义。
{"title":"Neuroticism, Internalizing Psychopathology, and Affective Reactions to Thought Content in Daily Life.","authors":"Henry R Cowan,Aidan G C Wright,Sarah L Pedersen,Dahlia Mukherjee,Sophie Lazarus,Jay C Fournier","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70026","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONThis study examined affective reactions to thought content (TC) in daily life and the influence of neuroticism and internalizing symptoms.METHODSCommunity young adults (N = 119; n = 80 with elevated depression/anxiety) completed assessments of neuroticism, internalizing symptoms, and daily diary measures of TC and positive/negative affect for seven consecutive days (N = 758 observations). Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA) examined the structure of TC. Multilevel models examined TC-affect relationships and moderation by neuroticism and internalizing symptoms.RESULTSMCFA found two TC factors: internal-past (problems, emotions, the past) and external-present (external events, others, the present). Internal-past TC uniquely related to lower positive and higher negative affect within and between persons. External-present TC uniquely related to higher positive affect within and between persons. Neuroticism and internalizing related to higher negative and lower positive affect, but neither variable significantly moderated TC-affect relationships. Neuroticism had incremental effects over and above internalizing. At the facet level, self-consciousness uniquely predicted lower positive affect, and angry hostility uniquely predicted higher negative affect.DISCUSSIONTC meaningfully relates to emotion in daily life. Neuroticism and internalizing predicted overall experience of positive/negative emotion, not affective reactions to specific TC. Within-persons, neuroticism and internalizing were differentiated by the incremental effect of neuroticism and the specific effects of neuroticism facets. Theoretical, methodological, and clinical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVEThe trait agreeableness is associated with relationship outcomes and relationship maintenance behaviors, but the processes by which this influence occurs are not fully understood. We examine whether agreeableness is associated with an important relationship process, responsiveness, and whether agreeableness is associated with effort and social skills to be responsive to one's romantic partner.METHODSWe tested our predictions in two dyadic studies of cohabitating couples (N = 176 and N = 228) with overall reports of responsiveness and daily responsiveness.RESULTSMultilevel models showed that agreeableness was associated with people's overall and daily effort to be responsive, and responsiveness was associated with partner perceptions of responsiveness. However, agreeableness was unrelated to the correspondence between self and partner reports of one's overall and daily responsiveness, indicating that when people try to be responsive, their partners recognize their responsiveness to the same degree regardless of their agreeableness.CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, agreeableness is related to efforts to be responsive, but attempts to be responsive are recognized as such by the partner, irrespective of agreeableness.
{"title":"Influence of Agreeableness on Responsiveness: Effort Versus Skill.","authors":"Jenna L Kilian,Judith Gere,Jessica LaBuda","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70024","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEThe trait agreeableness is associated with relationship outcomes and relationship maintenance behaviors, but the processes by which this influence occurs are not fully understood. We examine whether agreeableness is associated with an important relationship process, responsiveness, and whether agreeableness is associated with effort and social skills to be responsive to one's romantic partner.METHODSWe tested our predictions in two dyadic studies of cohabitating couples (N = 176 and N = 228) with overall reports of responsiveness and daily responsiveness.RESULTSMultilevel models showed that agreeableness was associated with people's overall and daily effort to be responsive, and responsiveness was associated with partner perceptions of responsiveness. However, agreeableness was unrelated to the correspondence between self and partner reports of one's overall and daily responsiveness, indicating that when people try to be responsive, their partners recognize their responsiveness to the same degree regardless of their agreeableness.CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, agreeableness is related to efforts to be responsive, but attempts to be responsive are recognized as such by the partner, irrespective of agreeableness.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145277411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomasz Besta,Aleksandra Cupta,Jadwiga Cichoń,Patrycja Szuca,Anna N Gajda,Michał Jaśkiewicz
OBJECTIVEThis research examined whether positive in-group experiences-specifically those fulfilling the need for significance and the need for self-expansion-predict intentions to engage in collective action. We also investigated whether these associations are stronger than those linked to negative emotions (e.g., significance loss), and whether they remain robust when controlling for known predictors of collective action.METHODData were collected across three correlational studies (total N > 950) conducted in Poland and the United States. The studies used diverse sampling strategies, including a field study, an online survey, and a representative U.S.SAMPLEParticipants reported on their motivations and intentions to support various causes, including LGBTQ+ rights and political campaigns.RESULTSAcross all studies, significance gain and self-expansion were consistent positive predictors of normative, pro-ingroup collective action. These factors generally showed stronger associations with collective action intentions than negative emotions, including significance loss. The predictive effects of these needs remained significant even when controlling for prior engagement, political orientation, group identification, perceived group efficacy, and anger at injustice.CONCLUSIONSFulfillment of psychological needs for significance and self-expansion plays a robust and independent role in motivating collective action, beyond the influence of commonly studied negative emotional drivers.
{"title":"When Need Fulfillment Motivates: The Role of Significance Gain and Self-Expansion in Collective Mobilization.","authors":"Tomasz Besta,Aleksandra Cupta,Jadwiga Cichoń,Patrycja Szuca,Anna N Gajda,Michał Jaśkiewicz","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70025","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEThis research examined whether positive in-group experiences-specifically those fulfilling the need for significance and the need for self-expansion-predict intentions to engage in collective action. We also investigated whether these associations are stronger than those linked to negative emotions (e.g., significance loss), and whether they remain robust when controlling for known predictors of collective action.METHODData were collected across three correlational studies (total N > 950) conducted in Poland and the United States. The studies used diverse sampling strategies, including a field study, an online survey, and a representative U.S.SAMPLEParticipants reported on their motivations and intentions to support various causes, including LGBTQ+ rights and political campaigns.RESULTSAcross all studies, significance gain and self-expansion were consistent positive predictors of normative, pro-ingroup collective action. These factors generally showed stronger associations with collective action intentions than negative emotions, including significance loss. The predictive effects of these needs remained significant even when controlling for prior engagement, political orientation, group identification, perceived group efficacy, and anger at injustice.CONCLUSIONSFulfillment of psychological needs for significance and self-expansion plays a robust and independent role in motivating collective action, beyond the influence of commonly studied negative emotional drivers.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145277410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Counter-empathy involves responding to others' assumed emotions incongruently. Research on dispositional counter-empathy predominantly focuses on specific counter-empathic constructs without clearly mapping its cardinal dimensions. We develop and test a Three-Dimensional Model of Counter-Empathy (3DCE) that includes schadenfreude, gluckschmerz, and affective sadism.
Method: Across five studies (total N = 1878), we test the 3DCE and develop the Various Indices of Counter-Empathy (VICE). Study 1a and Study 1b administered items representing the 3DCE to develop the VICE. Study 2 administered the VICE, measures of counter-empathic constructs, empathy, everyday sadism, and socially aversive outcomes. Study 3a and Study 3b administered vignettes of others' good fortunes and misfortunes, and depictions of general and social harms, and participants reported their reactions.
Results: The 3DCE and validity of the VICE are supported by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; a "bass-ackward" factor analysis mapping the hierarchical structure of counter-empathy; incremental analyses predicting socially aversive outcomes beyond empathy; correlations with relevant constructs; and predicting counter-empathic reactions to specific scenarios.
Conclusions: The 3DCE and VICE can help situate prior research in the broader structure of counter-empathy, help expand the study of vicarious emotion beyond empathy, and suggest counter-empathy contributes to socially aversive outcomes beyond a lack of empathy.
{"title":"Disentangling Counter-Empathy: Developing a Three-Dimensional Model and Measure of Dispositional Counter-Empathy.","authors":"Jake R Siamro, Christian H Jordan","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Counter-empathy involves responding to others' assumed emotions incongruently. Research on dispositional counter-empathy predominantly focuses on specific counter-empathic constructs without clearly mapping its cardinal dimensions. We develop and test a Three-Dimensional Model of Counter-Empathy (3DCE) that includes schadenfreude, gluckschmerz, and affective sadism.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Across five studies (total N = 1878), we test the 3DCE and develop the Various Indices of Counter-Empathy (VICE). Study 1a and Study 1b administered items representing the 3DCE to develop the VICE. Study 2 administered the VICE, measures of counter-empathic constructs, empathy, everyday sadism, and socially aversive outcomes. Study 3a and Study 3b administered vignettes of others' good fortunes and misfortunes, and depictions of general and social harms, and participants reported their reactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 3DCE and validity of the VICE are supported by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; a \"bass-ackward\" factor analysis mapping the hierarchical structure of counter-empathy; incremental analyses predicting socially aversive outcomes beyond empathy; correlations with relevant constructs; and predicting counter-empathic reactions to specific scenarios.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 3DCE and VICE can help situate prior research in the broader structure of counter-empathy, help expand the study of vicarious emotion beyond empathy, and suggest counter-empathy contributes to socially aversive outcomes beyond a lack of empathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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