Journal of Personality最新文献_第2页

Strategy‐Situation Fit of Proactive Emotion Regulation and the Role of Personality 主动情绪调节的策略-情境契合度与人格的作用

IF 5 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.70040

Mario Wenzel, Zarah Rowland

Introduction Research on emotion regulation has primarily focused on reactive strategies, while proactive emotion regulation remains less understood. This study investigates proactive emotion regulation through situation selection, where individuals deliberately choose environments to promote desirable emotional outcomes, and examines how this strategy adapts to contextual demands (strategy‐situation fit). Methods We reanalyzed an ambulatory assessment dataset comprising 179 participants and 29,956 momentary observations to test preregistered hypotheses about context sensitivity, strategy‐situation fit, and personality predictors. Results Results supported our hypotheses: (a) participants showed greater situation selection when experiencing higher‐than‐usual momentary affective well‐being, indicating context sensitivity; (b) this context‐sensitive strategy use was linked to improved overall affective well‐being, demonstrating adaptive strategy‐situation fit; and (c) higher levels of personality plasticity, but not stability, predicted better strategy‐situation fit. Conclusion These findings underscore the adaptive potential of situation selection and highlight personality's role, particularly plasticity, in shaping anticipatory regulatory processes. The results inform refinement of emotion regulation theories and suggest avenues for tailoring interventions to individual differences in emotion regulation tendencies.

对情绪调节的研究主要集中在反应性策略上，而对主动情绪调节的了解较少。本研究通过情境选择考察主动情绪调节，即个体故意选择环境以促进理想的情绪结果，并考察这种策略如何适应情境需求（策略-情境契合）。方法：我们重新分析了一个包含179名参与者和29,956个瞬间观察的动态评估数据集，以检验关于情境敏感性、策略情境拟合和人格预测因素的预登记假设。结果支持我们的假设：(a)参与者在经历比平常更高的瞬间情感幸福感时表现出更大的情境选择，表明情境敏感性；(b)这种情境敏感策略的使用与整体情感幸福感的提高有关，证明了适应性策略与情境的契合；(c)更高水平的人格可塑性，而不是稳定性，预示着更好的策略情境契合度。这些发现强调了情境选择的适应潜力，并强调了人格，特别是可塑性，在形成预期调节过程中的作用。研究结果为情绪调节理论的完善提供了信息，并为调整干预措施以适应情绪调节倾向的个体差异提供了途径。

{"title":"Strategy‐Situation Fit of Proactive Emotion Regulation and the Role of Personality","authors":"Mario Wenzel, Zarah Rowland","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70040","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Research on emotion regulation has primarily focused on reactive strategies, while proactive emotion regulation remains less understood. This study investigates proactive emotion regulation through situation selection, where individuals deliberately choose environments to promote desirable emotional outcomes, and examines how this strategy adapts to contextual demands (strategy‐situation fit). Methods We reanalyzed an ambulatory assessment dataset comprising 179 participants and 29,956 momentary observations to test preregistered hypotheses about context sensitivity, strategy‐situation fit, and personality predictors. Results Results supported our hypotheses: (a) participants showed greater situation selection when experiencing higher‐than‐usual momentary affective well‐being, indicating context sensitivity; (b) this context‐sensitive strategy use was linked to improved overall affective well‐being, demonstrating adaptive strategy‐situation fit; and (c) higher levels of personality plasticity, but not stability, predicted better strategy‐situation fit. Conclusion These findings underscore the adaptive potential of situation selection and highlight personality's role, particularly plasticity, in shaping anticipatory regulatory processes. The results inform refinement of emotion regulation theories and suggest avenues for tailoring interventions to individual differences in emotion regulation tendencies.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"369 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Weapon or Armor? Unpacking the Paradox of Narcissism and Self-Reported Mental Health Through a Three-Level Meta-Analysis. 武器还是护甲？通过三层次元分析揭示自恋与自我报告心理健康的悖论。

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.70044

Rongxia Hou, Shuqin Li, Joshua D Miller, Donald R Lynam, Yanhui Xiang

Objective: This meta-analysis examined the relationships between different dimensions of narcissism and mental health, with a specific focus on internalizing forms of psychopathology.

Method: A systematic search identified 229 empirical studies (N = 185,137; k = 735 effect sizes) from four international databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, OATD) and two Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang Data). Because most studies relied on self-report measures, the findings primarily reflect self-reported associations. Random-effects models were used to estimate overall effects, and moderation analyses tested the roles of demographic, methodological, and construct-related variables.

Results: Grandiose narcissism was positively associated with positive mental health (r = 0.19, p < 0.001) and showed no significant association with negative mental health (r = 0.02, p = 0.26). Vulnerable narcissism was negatively associated with positive mental health (r = -0.25, p < 0.001) and positively associated with negative mental health (r = 0.39, p < 0.001). Findings based on the Admiration-Rivalry model and the three-factor model provided additional clarity regarding these associations. Significant moderators included age, measurement instruments, and construct specificity.

Conclusions: These results clarify dimension-specific links between narcissism and mental health and provide a more nuanced understanding of narcissism's psychological correlates.

Trial registration: PROSPERO: Registration No. CRD420251016464.

目的：本荟萃分析探讨了自恋不同维度与心理健康之间的关系，并特别关注了精神病理的内化形式。方法：系统检索4个国际数据库（Web of Science、PubMed、Scopus、OATD）和2个中国数据库（CNKI、万方数据）中229项实证研究（N = 185,137, k = 735效应量）。由于大多数研究依赖于自我报告的测量方法，因此研究结果主要反映了自我报告的关联。随机效应模型用于估计总体效应，适度分析测试了人口统计学、方法学和结构相关变量的作用。结果：浮夸型自恋与积极的心理健康呈正相关（r = 0.19, p）。结论：这些结果阐明了自恋与心理健康之间的特定维度的联系，并为自恋的心理相关提供了更细致入微的理解。试用登记：普洛斯彼罗：登记号：CRD420251016464。

{"title":"Weapon or Armor? Unpacking the Paradox of Narcissism and Self-Reported Mental Health Through a Three-Level Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Rongxia Hou, Shuqin Li, Joshua D Miller, Donald R Lynam, Yanhui Xiang","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This meta-analysis examined the relationships between different dimensions of narcissism and mental health, with a specific focus on internalizing forms of psychopathology.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic search identified 229 empirical studies (N = 185,137; k = 735 effect sizes) from four international databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, OATD) and two Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang Data). Because most studies relied on self-report measures, the findings primarily reflect self-reported associations. Random-effects models were used to estimate overall effects, and moderation analyses tested the roles of demographic, methodological, and construct-related variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Grandiose narcissism was positively associated with positive mental health (r = 0.19, p < 0.001) and showed no significant association with negative mental health (r = 0.02, p = 0.26). Vulnerable narcissism was negatively associated with positive mental health (r = -0.25, p < 0.001) and positively associated with negative mental health (r = 0.39, p < 0.001). Findings based on the Admiration-Rivalry model and the three-factor model provided additional clarity regarding these associations. Significant moderators included age, measurement instruments, and construct specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results clarify dimension-specific links between narcissism and mental health and provide a more nuanced understanding of narcissism's psychological correlates.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO: Registration No. CRD420251016464.</p>","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145811614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Causal Effect of Psychopathy on Partner Well‐Being: A National Longitudinal Study 精神病对伴侣幸福感的因果影响：一项全国性的纵向研究

IF 5 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.70042

Aaron Hissey, Hedwig Eisenbarth, Matt Hammond, Chris G. Sibley, Joseph Bulbulia

Objective Psychopathy is associated with harmful behaviors in romantic relationships, but its causal effect on partner well‐being remains elusive. Across two studies, we apply robust observational methods for causal inference with national‐scale dyadic data to examine how psychopathic personality and its facets affect partner well‐being over time. Method In Study 1 (three waves; N = 1012), we examined how increasing global psychopathy and its facets within individuals affects their partner's well‐being one year later. In Study 2 (six waves; N = 1832), we investigated how increasing global psychopathy and its facets over multiple years would affect partner well‐being. Results Study 1 indicates that psychopathic personality increases partners' perceived relationship conflict and anxiety in the short term but also bolsters partner self‐esteem. Study 2 reveals that, over the longer term, psychopathic personality intensifies partners' perceived relationship conflict and depression and reduces partner self‐esteem, relationship satisfaction, and personal well‐being. Conclusions Taken together, it is the convergence of psychopathic traits, rather than individual facets, that cause greater harm to partners, with the magnitude of harm intensifying over time. This research demonstrates the power of combining dyadic panel data with causal inference methods to address questions of psychological interest inaccessible to experiments.

精神病态与恋爱关系中的有害行为有关，但其对伴侣幸福感的因果影响尚不明确。在两项研究中，我们运用稳健的观察方法与国家规模的二元数据进行因果推理，以研究精神病人格及其方面如何随着时间的推移影响伴侣的健康。方法在研究1（三波；N = 1012）中，我们研究了个体内部不断增加的全球精神病及其各个方面如何在一年后影响其伴侣的健康。在研究2（6波；N = 1832）中，我们调查了多年来全球精神病态及其各个方面的增加如何影响伴侣的幸福感。结果研究1表明，精神病态人格在短期内增加了伴侣对关系冲突和焦虑的感知，但也增强了伴侣的自尊。研究2表明，从长期来看，精神病态人格加剧了伴侣对关系冲突和抑郁的感知，降低了伴侣的自尊、关系满意度和个人幸福感。综上所述，对伴侣造成更大伤害的是精神病态特征的融合，而不是个体方面，而且伤害的程度随着时间的推移而加剧。本研究展示了将二元面板数据与因果推理方法相结合的力量，以解决实验无法解决的心理学兴趣问题。

{"title":"Causal Effect of Psychopathy on Partner Well‐Being: A National Longitudinal Study","authors":"Aaron Hissey, Hedwig Eisenbarth, Matt Hammond, Chris G. Sibley, Joseph Bulbulia","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70042","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Psychopathy is associated with harmful behaviors in romantic relationships, but its causal effect on partner well‐being remains elusive. Across two studies, we apply robust observational methods for causal inference with national‐scale dyadic data to examine how psychopathic personality and its facets affect partner well‐being over time. Method In Study 1 (three waves; N = 1012), we examined how increasing global psychopathy and its facets within individuals affects their partner's well‐being one year later. In Study 2 (six waves; N = 1832), we investigated how increasing global psychopathy and its facets over multiple years would affect partner well‐being. Results Study 1 indicates that psychopathic personality increases partners' perceived relationship conflict and anxiety in the short term but also bolsters partner self‐esteem. Study 2 reveals that, over the longer term, psychopathic personality intensifies partners' perceived relationship conflict and depression and reduces partner self‐esteem, relationship satisfaction, and personal well‐being. Conclusions Taken together, it is the convergence of psychopathic traits, rather than individual facets, that cause greater harm to partners, with the magnitude of harm intensifying over time. This research demonstrates the power of combining dyadic panel data with causal inference methods to address questions of psychological interest inaccessible to experiments.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Promotion‐ or Prevention‐Focused Self‐Evaluation and the Preferential Pursuit of More Desirable Romantic Partners 以促进或预防为中心的自我评价和对更理想伴侣的优先追求

IF 5 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.70043

Eileen Z. Wu, Daniel C. Molden, Paul W. Eastwick

Objective This research examined how self‐regulatory orientations—promotion focus (growth) and prevention focus (security)—influence individuals' evaluation of their own desirable traits and their pursuit of highly desirable romantic partners. Method Two studies analyzed participants' evaluations of themselves and romantic partners: Study 1 followed 208 college students longitudinally across 7 months of early romantic interest development; Study 2 observed 187 participants in live speed‐dating events. Participants' regulatory focus, self‐perceptions, partner ideals, and the desirability of pursued partners were assessed, controlling for self‐esteem and consensus ratings of participants' own desirability. Results Stronger promotion concerns predicted overly positive self‐evaluations and pursuit of more desirable partners, whereas stronger prevention concerns predicted overly negative self‐evaluations and pursuit of less desirable partners. These effects persisted after accounting for self‐esteem and consensus ratings of participants' desirability and were partially mediated by participants' own self‐perceptions and partner ideals. Conclusions Findings suggest that regulatory focus influences aspirations for highly desirable partners through exaggerations of positive or negative self‐perceptions that then influence aspirations for and willingness to pursue more or less subjectively and objectively desirable partners. Promotion and prevention mindsets thus appear to play a unique self‐regulatory role in romantic partner selection beyond general self‐esteem or objective desirability.

目的研究自我调节取向——促进取向（成长取向）和预防取向（安全取向）如何影响个体对自身理想特质的评价和对理想伴侣的追求。方法两项研究分析了被试对自己和恋人的评价：研究1对208名大学生进行了为期7个月的早期恋爱兴趣发展的纵向跟踪调查；研究2观察了187名现场速配活动的参与者。参与者的调节焦点、自我感知、伴侣理想和追求的伴侣的可取性被评估，控制自尊和参与者自己的可取性的共识评级。结果更强的晋升关注预示着过度积极的自我评价和追求更理想的伴侣，而更强的预防关注预示着过度消极的自我评价和追求不理想的伴侣。在考虑了参与者的自尊和对受欢迎程度的一致评价后，这些影响仍然存在，并且部分受到参与者自己的自我感知和伴侣理想的调节。研究结果表明，监管焦点通过夸大积极或消极的自我感知来影响对高度理想伴侣的期望，进而影响对主观上或客观上理想伴侣的追求和意愿。因此，促进和预防心态似乎在浪漫伴侣选择中发挥了独特的自我调节作用，超越了一般的自尊或客观的可取性。

{"title":"Promotion‐ or Prevention‐Focused Self‐Evaluation and the Preferential Pursuit of More Desirable Romantic Partners","authors":"Eileen Z. Wu, Daniel C. Molden, Paul W. Eastwick","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70043","url":null,"abstract":"Objective This research examined how self‐regulatory orientations—promotion focus (growth) and prevention focus (security)—influence individuals' evaluation of their own desirable traits and their pursuit of highly desirable romantic partners. Method Two studies analyzed participants' evaluations of themselves and romantic partners: Study 1 followed 208 college students longitudinally across 7 months of early romantic interest development; Study 2 observed 187 participants in live speed‐dating events. Participants' regulatory focus, self‐perceptions, partner ideals, and the desirability of pursued partners were assessed, controlling for self‐esteem and consensus ratings of participants' own desirability. Results Stronger promotion concerns predicted overly positive self‐evaluations and pursuit of more desirable partners, whereas stronger prevention concerns predicted overly negative self‐evaluations and pursuit of less desirable partners. These effects persisted after accounting for self‐esteem and consensus ratings of participants' desirability and were partially mediated by participants' own self‐perceptions and partner ideals. Conclusions Findings suggest that regulatory focus influences aspirations for highly desirable partners through exaggerations of positive or negative self‐perceptions that then influence aspirations for and willingness to pursue more or less subjectively and objectively desirable partners. Promotion and prevention mindsets thus appear to play a unique self‐regulatory role in romantic partner selection beyond general self‐esteem or objective desirability.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145765320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceived Control and Future Orientation: How Construal Level and Cultural Tightness Shape the Relationship 感知控制与未来取向：解释水平与文化紧密度如何塑造关系

IF 2.7 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.70037

Xueting Yang, Jing Wang, Yongquan Huo

Objective

The current study investigates the relationship between perceived control and future orientation, systematically addressing the questions of “what,” “why,” and “how to mitigate” the relationship between these constructs.

Methods and Results

Study 1 (n = 60) experimentally manipulated perceived control and found that it significantly predicted future orientation, with higher levels observed in students with high perceived control compared to those with low perceived control. Study 2 (n = 136) further explored the moderating role of construal level, finding that high construal level mitigated the negative effects of low perceived control on future orientation. Study 3 (n = 128) focused on individuals with low perceived control, randomly assigning participants to either a tight culture group or a loose culture group using a situational priming method. Results revealed that in a loose cultural context, a high construal level effectively improved future orientation among individuals with perceived control deficits.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the importance of perceived control and construal level in shaping future orientation and suggest that cultural context may influence the effectiveness of these psychological constructs. Implications for enhancing future orientation through interventions targeting perceived control and construal level are discussed.

目的研究控制知觉与未来取向之间的关系，系统地探讨控制知觉与未来取向之间的关系，包括“什么”、“为什么”和“如何缓解”。方法与结果研究1 （n = 60）通过实验操纵知觉控制，发现知觉控制显著预测未来取向，知觉控制高的学生比知觉控制低的学生水平更高。研究2 （n = 136）进一步探讨了解释水平的调节作用，发现高解释水平可以缓解低知觉控制对未来取向的负面影响。研究3 （n = 128）聚焦于低感知控制的个体，使用情境启动法将参与者随机分配到紧密文化组或松散文化组。结果表明，在宽松的文化背景下，高解释水平能有效地改善知觉控制缺陷个体的未来取向。这些发现强调了知觉控制和解释水平在塑造未来取向中的重要性，并表明文化背景可能影响这些心理构念的有效性。本文还讨论了通过针对知觉控制和解释水平的干预来增强未来取向的意义。

{"title":"Perceived Control and Future Orientation: How Construal Level and Cultural Tightness Shape the Relationship","authors":"Xueting Yang, Jing Wang, Yongquan Huo","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70037","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jopy.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current study investigates the relationship between perceived control and future orientation, systematically addressing the questions of “what,” “why,” and “how to mitigate” the relationship between these constructs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Study 1 (<i>n</i> = 60) experimentally manipulated perceived control and found that it significantly predicted future orientation, with higher levels observed in students with high perceived control compared to those with low perceived control. Study 2 (<i>n</i> = 136) further explored the moderating role of construal level, finding that high construal level mitigated the negative effects of low perceived control on future orientation. Study 3 (<i>n</i> = 128) focused on individuals with low perceived control, randomly assigning participants to either a tight culture group or a loose culture group using a situational priming method. Results revealed that in a loose cultural context, a high construal level effectively improved future orientation among individuals with perceived control deficits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight the importance of perceived control and construal level in shaping future orientation and suggest that cultural context may influence the effectiveness of these psychological constructs. Implications for enhancing future orientation through interventions targeting perceived control and construal level are discussed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"94 1","pages":"163-175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

(In)congruence Between Justice Beliefs and Justice Experiences Predicts Adolescents' Prosocial Behaviors: Response Surface Analysis. （三）正义信念与正义经验的一致性对青少年亲社会行为的预测：反应面分析。

IF 5 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.70041

Ruoxuan Chen,Ningning Feng,Shuang Li,Wenjie Zhai,Lijuan Cui

INTRODUCTIONLiterature shows that justice beliefs and justice experience (peer victimization) shape adolescent prosociality. However, how adolescents react to the (in)congruence between justice beliefs and justice experiences in peer environments remains unclear.METHODSWe utilized response surface analysis to examine how belief-experience justice (in)congruence affects adolescents' prosocial behaviors.RESULTSStudy 1 with a cross-sectional design (N = 2963, Mage = 15.86 ± 0.72, 40.0% girls) showed that, generally, adolescents with stronger justice beliefs and more justice experiences were more likely to engage in global prosocial behaviors, which increased with the belief-experience justice fit; when adolescents encountered belief-experience justice conflicts, their beliefs played a more crucial role than experiences in driving prosocial actions. Study 2 with two-wave data (N = 3038, Mage = 16.83 ± 0.79, 53.6% girls) essentially replicated the cross-sectional pattern in Study 1 and further found that adolescents' beliefs no longer dominantly promoted prosociality seven months later under belief-experience conflicts. Moreover, boys and girls behave differently depending on prosocial contexts, especially according to situational visibility.CONCLUSIONThese findings demonstrate that even in unjust peer environments, adolescents' justice beliefs are resilient enough to guide them toward current prosocial actions, which yet would fade over time.

文献表明，正义信念和正义经历（同伴受害）塑造了青少年的亲社会行为。然而，青少年对同伴环境中正义信念与正义经验的一致性的反应尚不清楚。方法采用反应面分析方法，探讨信念-经验公正一致性对青少年亲社会行为的影响。结果研究1采用横断面设计（N = 2963, Mage = 15.86±0.72，女生为40.0%），结果表明，总体而言，正义信念越强、正义体验越丰富的青少年更有可能从事整体亲社会行为，且随着信念-体验的匹配度增加；当青少年遇到信念-经验正义冲突时，他们的信念在推动亲社会行为方面比经验发挥更重要的作用。研究2采用双波数据（N = 3038, Mage = 16.83±0.79，女生53.6%）基本上复制了研究1的横截面模式，并进一步发现在信仰-经验冲突下，7个月后青少年的信念不再主导促进亲社会行为。此外，男孩和女孩的行为不同取决于亲社会环境，特别是根据情景可见性。结论即使在不公正的同伴环境中，青少年的正义信念也具有足够的弹性，可以引导他们采取当前的亲社会行为，但这种行为会随着时间的推移而消退。

{"title":"(In)congruence Between Justice Beliefs and Justice Experiences Predicts Adolescents' Prosocial Behaviors: Response Surface Analysis.","authors":"Ruoxuan Chen,Ningning Feng,Shuang Li,Wenjie Zhai,Lijuan Cui","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70041","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONLiterature shows that justice beliefs and justice experience (peer victimization) shape adolescent prosociality. However, how adolescents react to the (in)congruence between justice beliefs and justice experiences in peer environments remains unclear.METHODSWe utilized response surface analysis to examine how belief-experience justice (in)congruence affects adolescents' prosocial behaviors.RESULTSStudy 1 with a cross-sectional design (N = 2963, Mage = 15.86 ± 0.72, 40.0% girls) showed that, generally, adolescents with stronger justice beliefs and more justice experiences were more likely to engage in global prosocial behaviors, which increased with the belief-experience justice fit; when adolescents encountered belief-experience justice conflicts, their beliefs played a more crucial role than experiences in driving prosocial actions. Study 2 with two-wave data (N = 3038, Mage = 16.83 ± 0.79, 53.6% girls) essentially replicated the cross-sectional pattern in Study 1 and further found that adolescents' beliefs no longer dominantly promoted prosociality seven months later under belief-experience conflicts. Moreover, boys and girls behave differently depending on prosocial contexts, especially according to situational visibility.CONCLUSIONThese findings demonstrate that even in unjust peer environments, adolescents' justice beliefs are resilient enough to guide them toward current prosocial actions, which yet would fade over time.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145752786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is Virtue Good for You? 美德对你有好处吗？

IF 5 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.70038

Michael M. Prinzing, Merve Balkaya‐Ince, Karen K. Melton, Sarah Schnitker

Introduction Does virtue benefit its possessor, or is it beneficial for others but not the self? We tested two highly influential theories that offer contradictory answers. In particular, we focused on three “hard cases” for the theory that virtue promotes well‐being—that is, three virtues that aren't obviously enjoyable (compassion, patience, and self‐control). Methods Two preregistered studies (total N = 43,164 observations; N = 1218 participants) tested for within‐ and between‐person associations between each virtue and well‐being. Study 1 used experience sampling with adolescents. Study 2 used the day reconstruction method with United States adults. Results Study 1 found positive links across the board. Study 2 found positive within‐ and between‐person links with eudaimonic well‐being, but more complex associations with affective well‐being. Study 2 also revealed that situations that afford opportunities to exercise these virtues are challenging and unpleasant. However, exercising compassion, patience, and self‐control seems to help people cope with these challenges. Conclusion These findings contradict the theory that virtue is good for others but not for the self, aligning with the theory that being good leads to being well. They also provide preliminary evidence about how virtues like compassion, patience, and self‐control might benefit their possessors.

美德是对其拥有者有利，还是对他人有利而对自己不利？我们测试了两种极具影响力的理论，它们提供了相互矛盾的答案。我们特别关注了美德促进幸福这一理论的三个“困难案例”——也就是说，这三个美德并不明显令人愉快（同情、耐心和自我控制）。方法两项预先登记的研究（共N = 43164个观察结果；N = 1218名参与者）测试了每种美德和幸福感之间的人内和人之间的关联。研究1对青少年进行经验抽样。研究2采用美国成年人的日间重建方法。研究1发现了全面的积极联系。研究2发现，人与人之间和人与人之间的幸福感与幸福感之间存在积极的联系，但与情感幸福感之间存在更复杂的联系。研究2还显示，提供机会锻炼这些美德的情况是具有挑战性和令人不快的。然而，锻炼同情心、耐心和自我控制似乎能帮助人们应对这些挑战。这些发现与美德对他人有益而对自己不利的理论相矛盾，与善良导致健康的理论一致。他们还提供了初步证据，说明同情心、耐心和自我控制等美德如何使他们的拥有者受益。

{"title":"Is Virtue Good for You?","authors":"Michael M. Prinzing, Merve Balkaya‐Ince, Karen K. Melton, Sarah Schnitker","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70038","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Does virtue benefit its possessor, or is it beneficial for others but not the self? We tested two highly influential theories that offer contradictory answers. In particular, we focused on three “hard cases” for the theory that virtue promotes well‐being—that is, three virtues that aren't obviously enjoyable (compassion, patience, and self‐control). Methods Two preregistered studies (total N = 43,164 observations; N = 1218 participants) tested for within‐ and between‐person associations between each virtue and well‐being. Study 1 used experience sampling with adolescents. Study 2 used the day reconstruction method with United States adults. Results Study 1 found positive links across the board. Study 2 found positive within‐ and between‐person links with eudaimonic well‐being, but more complex associations with affective well‐being. Study 2 also revealed that situations that afford opportunities to exercise these virtues are challenging and unpleasant. However, exercising compassion, patience, and self‐control seems to help people cope with these challenges. Conclusion These findings contradict the theory that virtue is good for others but not for the self, aligning with the theory that being good leads to being well. They also provide preliminary evidence about how virtues like compassion, patience, and self‐control might benefit their possessors.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Narcissism Is Associated With Blunted Error‐Related Brain Activity 自恋与迟钝的错误相关的大脑活动有关

IF 5 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.70036

Esther M. Robins, Zhiwei Zhou, Chengli Huang, Douglas J. Angus, Constantine Sedikides, Nicholas J. Kelley

Objective Narcissism is associated with self‐enhancement and social antagonism, yet its neural underpinnings, particularly in error processing, remain underexplored. Competing theoretical models, such as the mask model and the metacognitive model, offer conflicting hypotheses regarding how narcissism influences early neural responses to errors. We examine whether grandiose agentic narcissism relates to an elevated or blunted error‐related negativity, a neural marker of cognitive control and performance monitoring. Method In Study 1 ( N = 144), participants completed the Eriksen Flanker Task while we recorded their neural responses to errors using electroencephalography. In Study 2 ( N = 50), participants completed a modified version of the Flanker Task that included an explicit trial‐by‐trial feedback. Participants then completed the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire to assess admiration and rivalry narcissism. Results Higher admiration and rivalry narcissism were associated with a blunted (less negative) error‐related negativity. These associations held when controlling for the number of errors and were confirmed by an internal meta‐analysis, which showed moderate effect sizes across analytic approaches. Conclusion The results are consistent with the metacognitive model of narcissism, showing that grandiose narcissists exhibit reduced neural sensitivity to errors. These findings highlight a potential mechanism through which narcissists resist self‐corrective learning, bolstering their positive self‐views. Blunted error processing may influence decision‐making and behavior across contexts.

客观自恋与自我提升和社会对抗有关，但其神经基础，特别是在错误处理方面，仍未得到充分研究。相互竞争的理论模型，如面具模型和元认知模型，就自恋如何影响对错误的早期神经反应提供了相互矛盾的假设。我们研究了浮夸型代理自恋是否与错误相关的消极情绪升高或减弱有关，这是认知控制和绩效监控的神经标记。方法在研究1 （N = 144）中，研究对象在完成Eriksen Flanker任务的同时，用脑电图记录他们对错误的神经反应。在研究2 （N = 50）中，参与者完成了一个修改版本的侧卫任务，其中包括一个明确的逐次反馈。然后，参与者完成了自恋钦佩和竞争问卷，以评估钦佩和竞争型自恋。结果较高的钦佩和竞争型自恋与钝化的（较少消极的）错误相关的消极情绪有关。在控制误差数量的情况下，这些关联成立，并通过内部荟萃分析得到证实，该分析显示，各种分析方法的效应大小适中。结论研究结果与自恋的元认知模型一致，表明浮夸型自恋者对错误的神经敏感性降低。这些发现强调了一种潜在的机制，通过这种机制，自恋者抵制自我纠正学习，从而增强他们积极的自我观点。迟钝的错误处理可能会影响决策制定和跨环境的行为。

{"title":"Narcissism Is Associated With Blunted Error‐Related Brain Activity","authors":"Esther M. Robins, Zhiwei Zhou, Chengli Huang, Douglas J. Angus, Constantine Sedikides, Nicholas J. Kelley","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70036","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Narcissism is associated with self‐enhancement and social antagonism, yet its neural underpinnings, particularly in error processing, remain underexplored. Competing theoretical models, such as the mask model and the metacognitive model, offer conflicting hypotheses regarding how narcissism influences early neural responses to errors. We examine whether grandiose agentic narcissism relates to an elevated or blunted error‐related negativity, a neural marker of cognitive control and performance monitoring. Method In Study 1 ( N = 144), participants completed the Eriksen Flanker Task while we recorded their neural responses to errors using electroencephalography. In Study 2 ( N = 50), participants completed a modified version of the Flanker Task that included an explicit trial‐by‐trial feedback. Participants then completed the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire to assess admiration and rivalry narcissism. Results Higher admiration and rivalry narcissism were associated with a blunted (less negative) error‐related negativity. These associations held when controlling for the number of errors and were confirmed by an internal meta‐analysis, which showed moderate effect sizes across analytic approaches. Conclusion The results are consistent with the metacognitive model of narcissism, showing that grandiose narcissists exhibit reduced neural sensitivity to errors. These findings highlight a potential mechanism through which narcissists resist self‐corrective learning, bolstering their positive self‐views. Blunted error processing may influence decision‐making and behavior across contexts.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145730893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Relationship Between Global and Domain‐Specific Evaluations of Life Satisfaction: A Feedback Loop Theory 生活满意度的整体评价和特定领域评价之间的关系：一个反馈循环理论

IF 5 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.70039

Gabriele Prati

Objective Previous studies on the relationship between global (top‐down) and domain‐specific (bottom‐up) evaluations of life satisfaction have revealed mixed findings. The current study investigated the reciprocal relationship between top‐down and bottom‐up processes using two analytic methods to properly account for time‐varying predictors, confounding variables, and stable individual differences. Specifically, hierarchical Bayesian continuous‐time dynamic modeling and marginal structural models were employed. Method Data from the Swiss Household Panel study ( N = 25,181)—a nationally representative, longitudinal survey conducted in Switzerland—was used. Global life satisfaction was measured using the Satisfaction With Life Scale. Satisfaction with five life domains (i.e., health, income, personal relationships, free time, and job) was also measured. Results A series of marginal structural models revealed that subsequent global life satisfaction was predicted by each domain‐specific evaluation, and prior global life satisfaction also predicted each domain‐specific evaluation. Continuous‐time dynamic modeling revealed that an independent shock of magnitude 1.00 to the top‐down process predicted future increases in the bottom‐up process, and vice versa. Conclusions Taken together, the findings of this study can be represented by a closed‐loop feedback model, which illustrates predictive effects between top‐down and bottom‐up processes.

目的以往关于全球（自上而下）和特定领域（自下而上）生活满意度评估之间关系的研究揭示了不同的结果。目前的研究使用两种分析方法调查了自上而下和自下而上过程之间的相互关系，以适当地考虑时变预测因子、混淆变量和稳定的个体差异。具体而言，采用了层次贝叶斯连续时间动态建模和边缘结构模型。方法采用瑞士家庭小组研究（N = 25181）的数据，这是一项在瑞士进行的具有全国代表性的纵向调查。全球生活满意度是用生活满意度量表来衡量的。对五个生活领域（即健康、收入、人际关系、空闲时间和工作）的满意度也进行了测量。结果一系列的边际结构模型表明，随后的整体生活满意度可以通过各特定领域的评估来预测，而先前的整体生活满意度也可以预测各特定领域的评估。连续时间动态模型显示，对自上而下的过程产生1.00级的独立冲击，可以预测自下而上的过程在未来会增加，反之亦然。综上所述，本研究的结果可以用一个闭环反馈模型来表示，该模型说明了自上而下和自下而上过程之间的预测效应。

{"title":"The Relationship Between Global and Domain‐Specific Evaluations of Life Satisfaction: A Feedback Loop Theory","authors":"Gabriele Prati","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70039","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Previous studies on the relationship between global (top‐down) and domain‐specific (bottom‐up) evaluations of life satisfaction have revealed mixed findings. The current study investigated the reciprocal relationship between top‐down and bottom‐up processes using two analytic methods to properly account for time‐varying predictors, confounding variables, and stable individual differences. Specifically, hierarchical Bayesian continuous‐time dynamic modeling and marginal structural models were employed. Method Data from the Swiss Household Panel study ( N = 25,181)—a nationally representative, longitudinal survey conducted in Switzerland—was used. Global life satisfaction was measured using the Satisfaction With Life Scale. Satisfaction with five life domains (i.e., health, income, personal relationships, free time, and job) was also measured. Results A series of marginal structural models revealed that subsequent global life satisfaction was predicted by each domain‐specific evaluation, and prior global life satisfaction also predicted each domain‐specific evaluation. Continuous‐time dynamic modeling revealed that an independent shock of magnitude 1.00 to the top‐down process predicted future increases in the bottom‐up process, and vice versa. Conclusions Taken together, the findings of this study can be represented by a closed‐loop feedback model, which illustrates predictive effects between top‐down and bottom‐up processes.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"229 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perils of Partialing: Can Scholars Predict Residualized Variables' Nomological Nets? 局部化的危险：学者能否预测残差变量的法理学网？

IF 5 1区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Journal of Personality

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.70035

Leigha Rose, Donald R. Lynam, Joshua D. Miller

Objective Partialing is a statistical procedure in which the variance shared among two or more constructs is removed, allowing researchers to examine the unique properties of the residualized, partialed, or unique portions of each construct. Although this technique is common, its use has been criticized due to the difficulty faced in interpreting residualized variables, especially when the original constructs were highly correlated. The aim of the present study was to test the degree to which psychological researchers from the fields of clinical, social, and personality psychology are able to estimate the nomological network of partialed variables accurately. Method Variables with intercorrelations of varying magnitudes (i.e., anxiety and depression; antisocial and borderline personality disorders) were used to test whether experts can estimate partialed variables' nomological networks vis‐à‐vis basic personality trait profiles. Results and Conclusions We found that, overall, experts were poor at predicting residualized correlations. Factors such as the intercorrelations among the variables and the magnitude of change in the variables' nomological nets following partialing impacted experts' accuracy. Suggestions regarding the use of this questionable measurement practice are discussed.

部分化是一种统计过程，其中两个或多个构念之间共享的方差被删除，允许研究人员检查每个构念的残差，部分或独特部分的独特属性。虽然这种技术很常见，但由于难以解释残差变量，特别是当原始结构高度相关时，它的使用受到了批评。本研究的目的是测试来自临床、社会和人格心理学领域的心理学研究人员能够准确估计部分变量的规律网络的程度。方法使用具有不同程度相互关联的变量（即焦虑和抑郁；反社会和边缘型人格障碍）来测试专家是否可以估计部分变量相对于基本人格特征的规律网络。结果和结论我们发现，总体而言，专家在预测残差相关性方面表现不佳。变量之间的相互关系和变量的变化幅度等因素影响了专家的准确性。讨论了关于使用这种有问题的测量实践的建议。

{"title":"Perils of Partialing: Can Scholars Predict Residualized Variables' Nomological Nets?","authors":"Leigha Rose, Donald R. Lynam, Joshua D. Miller","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70035","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Partialing is a statistical procedure in which the variance shared among two or more constructs is removed, allowing researchers to examine the unique properties of the residualized, partialed, or unique portions of each construct. Although this technique is common, its use has been criticized due to the difficulty faced in interpreting residualized variables, especially when the original constructs were highly correlated. The aim of the present study was to test the degree to which psychological researchers from the fields of clinical, social, and personality psychology are able to estimate the nomological network of partialed variables accurately. Method Variables with intercorrelations of varying magnitudes (i.e., anxiety and depression; antisocial and borderline personality disorders) were used to test whether experts can estimate partialed variables' nomological networks vis‐à‐vis basic personality trait profiles. Results and Conclusions We found that, overall, experts were poor at predicting residualized correlations. Factors such as the intercorrelations among the variables and the magnitude of change in the variables' nomological nets following partialing impacted experts' accuracy. Suggestions regarding the use of this questionable measurement practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145664547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0