Objective: Identity development research often applies the identity status approach, which distinguishes different dimensions of identity-relevant commitment levels and exploration behavior. However, age differences in these dimensions have mostly been examined in adolescence and young adulthood, leaving questions about their variation across the adult lifespan. Additionally, associations between identity and life satisfaction have been equally understudied in adult populations.
Method: We examined these questions in a large, nationally representative U.K. sample (N = 3869; age range 18-97). Identity processes were measured using an abbreviated Dimensions of Identity Development Scale. After invariance testing by age groups, we examined age differences across identity dimensions: Commitment and Exploration (depth, breadth, ruminative).
Results: Older individuals reported lower scores on all exploration dimensions until late adulthood. However, though no age differences in commitment were observed between early and middle adulthood, less commitment was reported from middle to late adulthood. Additionally, commitment and exploration in depth were consistently positively associated with life satisfaction, whereas ruminative exploration negatively predicted life satisfaction, with stronger associations appearing in later adulthood.
Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the feasibility of studying identity across adulthood from a measurement perspective and highlight how identity dimensions relate to well-being at different ages.
As more researchers employ longitudinal research designs, which integrate multiple methods and multiple (fixed) situations, the need for appropriate analytical methods arises.
Multimethod latent state–trait models for random and fixed situations (MM-LST-RF; Hintz et al. 2019) provide a means with which person characteristics, (fixed) situation, and method effects, as well as their interactions can be studied. While these models are very versatile, their complexity poses a significant hurdle to their implementation.
This tutorial helps facilitate the application of MM-LST-RF models. First, we present two simpler methodological approaches in which the full MM-LST-RF model is broken down into its (a) multimethod and (b) random and fixed situation components. Key parameters and model coefficients are highlighted using a motivational example. Second, we present a user-friendly shiny app based on a newly developed R function. Users are walked through the process of specifying, estimating, and interpreting an MM-LST-RF model guided by detailed explanations of all specification options and practical use recommendations.
The shiny app facilitates the analysis of data from longitudinal study designs implementing multiple methods and (fixed) situations, helping researchers gain a deeper understanding of psychological constructs.
Objective: The sense of agency might be jointly affected by situational and interindividual factors. In this study, we examined whether personality traits and control beliefs can explain individual differences in both (1) sense of agency and (2) susceptibility of agency judgments to social influence.
Method: To do so, we used measures of the Big Five Personality Traits and Levenson's Locus of Control in combination with a task based on an interactive computer game, which we submitted to a large cohort of online participants (N = 562). We manipulated sensorimotor agency cues related to action control as well as social information communicated to participants.
Results: Our results show that while locus of control beliefs are related to differences in sense of agency, neither Big Five personality traits nor locus of control beliefs can account for differences in susceptibility to social influence.
Conclusion: Locus of control and Big Five personality traits can account for some differences in sense of agency, but not for differences in belief alignment.
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：