How can an occupation’s stigmatized core attributes be ameliorated? To address this issue, we examined the Indian beauty salon occupation, which has long faced core occupational stigma due to physical, moral, caste-based taints, and low occupational prestige. By drawing on published celebrity beautician interviews and conducting semi-structured interviews with salon owners and customers, we found that modifying stigmatized occupational elements and conveying these modifications to society play a crucial role in occupational destigmatization. Specifically, occupational members crafted the core-stigmatized elements of the beauty salon occupation—people, purpose, and processes (3Ps)—with the support of the relevant stakeholders. Changes were then communicated to society through direct interactions and social media, challenging caste-based associations and branding the occupation alongside non-stigmatized, high-prestige occupations. Together, these activities help address the root cause of stigma and disseminate occupational knowledge beyond caste boundaries. Our work theoretically extends the destigmatization literature by framing destigmatization at the occupational level, offering new insights into how core-stigmatized occupations reshaped societal perception and address intractable stigma, such as those linked to caste.
{"title":"Beautifying a stigmatized occupation: Occupational destigmatization of Indian beauty salons","authors":"Prakriti Soral, Shuang Ren, Surya Prakash Pati, Sanjay Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1177/00187267251360643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187267251360643","url":null,"abstract":"How can an occupation’s stigmatized core attributes be ameliorated? To address this issue, we examined the Indian beauty salon occupation, which has long faced core occupational stigma due to physical, moral, caste-based taints, and low occupational prestige. By drawing on published celebrity beautician interviews and conducting semi-structured interviews with salon owners and customers, we found that modifying stigmatized occupational elements and conveying these modifications to society play a crucial role in occupational destigmatization. Specifically, occupational members crafted the core-stigmatized elements of the beauty salon occupation—people, purpose, and processes (3Ps)—with the support of the relevant stakeholders. Changes were then communicated to society through direct interactions and social media, challenging caste-based associations and branding the occupation alongside non-stigmatized, high-prestige occupations. Together, these activities help address the root cause of stigma and disseminate occupational knowledge beyond caste boundaries. Our work theoretically extends the destigmatization literature by framing destigmatization at the occupational level, offering new insights into how core-stigmatized occupations reshaped societal perception and address intractable stigma, such as those linked to caste.","PeriodicalId":48433,"journal":{"name":"Human Relations","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144898965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1177/00187267251359190
Taija Turunen, Saija Katila, Astrid Huopalainen, Seonyoung Hwang, Marjo-Riitta Diehl
How do professional mothers whose bodies undergo significant transformations engage with materiality – such as clothing, makeup and their own bodies – as active ‘resources’ when navigating their identities after maternity leave? Building on the literature on embodied identity work, we conducted 31 interviews with professional mothers in Finland to explore this question. We illustrate how mothers engage with the body and material objects to shape identities while being shaped by the agentic, symbolic and affective power of materiality. We emphasise the agency of materialities, such as aching flesh, affective makeup and everyday materiality, not only in shaping the body’s surface but also in influencing the sense of self. The identity of professional mothers is thus reconfigured through the dynamic interplay of agential flesh, objects and sociocultural forces. We contribute to discussions on the agency of materiality in embodied identity work by theorising its stigmatised, ‘fleshy’ aspects and emphasising matters ‘out of place’ and ‘out of control’, alongside bodily dysfunctions that often remain unspoken. We additionally illustrate how motherhood may facilitate subtle micro-resistance to normative expectations, thereby allowing women to challenge dominant views of their professions and organisations as rational, disembodied and fleshless – where materiality is treated as discursive rather than lived.
{"title":"‘And then I undress the work’: Materiality and embodied identity work among professional mothers","authors":"Taija Turunen, Saija Katila, Astrid Huopalainen, Seonyoung Hwang, Marjo-Riitta Diehl","doi":"10.1177/00187267251359190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187267251359190","url":null,"abstract":"How do professional mothers whose bodies undergo significant transformations engage with materiality – such as clothing, makeup and their own bodies – as active ‘resources’ when navigating their identities after maternity leave? Building on the literature on embodied identity work, we conducted 31 interviews with professional mothers in Finland to explore this question. We illustrate how mothers engage with the body and material objects to shape identities while being shaped by the agentic, symbolic and affective power of materiality. We emphasise the agency of materialities, such as aching flesh, affective makeup and everyday materiality, not only in shaping the body’s surface but also in influencing the sense of self. The identity of professional mothers is thus reconfigured through the dynamic interplay of agential flesh, objects and sociocultural forces. We contribute to discussions on the agency of materiality in embodied identity work by theorising its stigmatised, ‘fleshy’ aspects and emphasising matters ‘out of place’ and ‘out of control’, alongside bodily dysfunctions that often remain unspoken. We additionally illustrate how motherhood may facilitate subtle micro-resistance to normative expectations, thereby allowing women to challenge dominant views of their professions and organisations as rational, disembodied and fleshless – where materiality is treated as discursive rather than lived.","PeriodicalId":48433,"journal":{"name":"Human Relations","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144901384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-27DOI: 10.1177/00187267251355390
Maksim Belitski, Yelena Kalyuzhnova, Rifat Kamasak, Benjamin Laker
Despite extensive research on institutions and firm internationalisation, the joint firm and macro-level effects of informal relationships, that is, corruption, on firm internationalisation, particularly within specific industrial contexts (resource-based vs. non-resource industries), remain underexplored. To investigate how firms internationalise under 2 boundary conditions – resource dependency and variations in institutional quality – we apply the Heckman-type selection bias and use 186,027 firms spread across 137 countries, with data collected through multiple firm surveys conducted by the World Bank Enterprise Surveys between 2006 and 2024. Our empirical findings demonstrate the double-edged sword of corruption. While it positively affects firm exports by mitigating bureaucratic procedures at the managerial level, the effect on exports turns negative as it increases uncertainty and operational costs at the macro-level. The effects are accelerated for firms in resource-based sectors. We highlight the interplay between corruption, resource dependencies and internationalisation and provide targeted policy and practical implications.
{"title":"Institutions, resource dependence and the dual nature of corruption in firm internationalisation","authors":"Maksim Belitski, Yelena Kalyuzhnova, Rifat Kamasak, Benjamin Laker","doi":"10.1177/00187267251355390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187267251355390","url":null,"abstract":"Despite extensive research on institutions and firm internationalisation, the joint firm and macro-level effects of informal relationships, that is, corruption, on firm internationalisation, particularly within specific industrial contexts (resource-based vs. non-resource industries), remain underexplored. To investigate how firms internationalise under 2 boundary conditions – resource dependency and variations in institutional quality – we apply the Heckman-type selection bias and use 186,027 firms spread across 137 countries, with data collected through multiple firm surveys conducted by the World Bank Enterprise Surveys between 2006 and 2024. Our empirical findings demonstrate the double-edged sword of corruption. While it positively affects firm exports by mitigating bureaucratic procedures at the managerial level, the effect on exports turns negative as it increases uncertainty and operational costs at the macro-level. The effects are accelerated for firms in resource-based sectors. We highlight the interplay between corruption, resource dependencies and internationalisation and provide targeted policy and practical implications.","PeriodicalId":48433,"journal":{"name":"Human Relations","volume":"286 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-24DOI: 10.1177/00187267251355393
Ana Carolina Aguiar, Ann L Cunliffe
How can we stop taking the natural world for granted and change the way we address the ecological challenges we face? We address this question by drawing on a study of Latin American sustainability professionals who, while spending time in Amazonia, experienced a fundamental ontological shift in the way they understand their relationship with nature. Our theoretical contribution lies in elaborating a phenomenologically oriented relational ontology, which means paying attention to how our bodies/emotions/senses can help us understand our relationship with nature in more embedded and existential ways: as human/subject–nature/subject where both have agency. This extends current relational ontologies by elucidating how feeling nature in the depths of our being can be transformational in how we understand and act upon our ecological responsibilities. We draw on Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology as philosophical positioning and interpretative phenomenological analysis as the research method. Four experiential themes highlight how our research participants’ understanding of their relationship with nature changed from separation (human/subject–nature/object) to intertwinement, and impacted their personal and professional lives in significant ways. Experiencing life in this way brings a sense of respect and responsibility for nature that we hope will resonate and encourage readers to think differently about our relationship with nature.
{"title":"It’s the River’s call: Rethinking our relationship with nature through the embodied experience of sustainability professionals","authors":"Ana Carolina Aguiar, Ann L Cunliffe","doi":"10.1177/00187267251355393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187267251355393","url":null,"abstract":"How can we stop taking the natural world for granted and change the way we address the ecological challenges we face? We address this question by drawing on a study of Latin American sustainability professionals who, while spending time in Amazonia, experienced a fundamental ontological shift in the way they understand their relationship with nature. Our theoretical contribution lies in elaborating a phenomenologically oriented relational ontology, which means paying attention to how our bodies/emotions/senses can help us understand our relationship with nature in more embedded and existential ways: as human/subject–nature/subject where both have agency. This extends current relational ontologies by elucidating how feeling nature in the depths of our being can be transformational in how we understand and act upon our ecological responsibilities. We draw on Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology as philosophical positioning and interpretative phenomenological analysis as the research method. Four experiential themes highlight how our research participants’ understanding of their relationship with nature changed from separation (human/subject–nature/object) to intertwinement, and impacted their personal and professional lives in significant ways. Experiencing life in this way brings a sense of respect and responsibility for nature that we hope will resonate and encourage readers to think differently about our relationship with nature.","PeriodicalId":48433,"journal":{"name":"Human Relations","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1177/00187267251355394
Elif Nur Duman-Cogen
This study explores the working lives of female refugees who, living in the backstreets of major cities in the Global South, are often inaccessible to research. Most were housewives before their exile but must now find paid work to support their children. This ethnographic study shows that the only employment available to these women is domestic work and cleaning – occupations that are doubly stigmatised in their tradition and threaten their desire to rebuild honourable selves destroyed by war and displacement. Drawing on the work of the poststructuralist anthropologist Saba Mahmood, I argue that these refugee women reconstitute honourable selves through the agency of silence . I illustrate how, through agentive practices of silence – such as invisibility, concealment, renaming and refusal to speak – these female refugees protect their deeply desired valorised status while performing stigmatised work. In exploring the reconstitution of the honourable post-war self through the agency of silence, this study (i) makes a feminist contribution to the emerging field of refugee studies within management thought by extending understanding of female refugee agency in the Global South and (ii) develops the theory of the agency of silence that enables the reconstitution of the self, thereby advancing scholarship on organisational silence.
{"title":"Agency of silence: Female Syrian refugee workers and the reconstitution of the post-war self","authors":"Elif Nur Duman-Cogen","doi":"10.1177/00187267251355394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187267251355394","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the working lives of female refugees who, living in the backstreets of major cities in the Global South, are often inaccessible to research. Most were housewives before their exile but must now find paid work to support their children. This ethnographic study shows that the only employment available to these women is domestic work and cleaning – occupations that are doubly stigmatised in their tradition and threaten their desire to rebuild honourable selves destroyed by war and displacement. Drawing on the work of the poststructuralist anthropologist Saba Mahmood, I argue that these refugee women reconstitute honourable selves through the <jats:italic>agency of silence</jats:italic> . I illustrate how, through agentive practices of silence – such as invisibility, concealment, renaming and refusal to speak – these female refugees protect their deeply desired valorised status while performing stigmatised work. In exploring the reconstitution of the honourable post-war self through the agency of silence, this study (i) makes a feminist contribution to the emerging field of refugee studies within management thought by extending understanding of female refugee agency in the Global South and (ii) develops the theory of the agency of silence that enables the reconstitution of the self, thereby advancing scholarship on organisational silence.","PeriodicalId":48433,"journal":{"name":"Human Relations","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-02DOI: 10.1177/00187267251344775
William Milton Foster, Diego M Coraiola, Francois Bastien
Our study investigates how affective stakeholders – emotionally invested but organizationally powerless individuals – collectively make sense of unexpected organizational events in online environments. Drawing on a netnographic analysis of a National Hockey League fan forum, we examine how Edmonton Oilers supporters responded to the unexpected trade request of star player Chris Pronger. We find that the disruption of fans’ ideal, expected future triggered intense ontological insecurity, which they attempted to repair through collective temporal sensemaking. Fans cycled through three phases – rumour, confirmation and trade – each marked by distinctive uses of past, present and future narratives to reconstruct meaning and regain a sense of control. Our findings contribute to stakeholder theory by theorizing affective stakeholders as unique actors in organizational life. We also expand temporal sensemaking theory by showing how multitemporal narratives function as coping mechanisms in virtual communities. Finally, we emphasize the empirical value of studying collective sensemaking in digital spaces, where discursive interactions unfold in real time.
{"title":"Repairing ontological security: The collective sensemaking of affective stakeholders in online communities","authors":"William Milton Foster, Diego M Coraiola, Francois Bastien","doi":"10.1177/00187267251344775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187267251344775","url":null,"abstract":"Our study investigates how affective stakeholders – emotionally invested but organizationally powerless individuals – collectively make sense of unexpected organizational events in online environments. Drawing on a netnographic analysis of a National Hockey League fan forum, we examine how Edmonton Oilers supporters responded to the unexpected trade request of star player Chris Pronger. We find that the disruption of fans’ ideal, expected future triggered intense ontological insecurity, which they attempted to repair through collective temporal sensemaking. Fans cycled through three phases – rumour, confirmation and trade – each marked by distinctive uses of past, present and future narratives to reconstruct meaning and regain a sense of control. Our findings contribute to stakeholder theory by theorizing affective stakeholders as unique actors in organizational life. We also expand temporal sensemaking theory by showing how multitemporal narratives function as coping mechanisms in virtual communities. Finally, we emphasize the empirical value of studying collective sensemaking in digital spaces, where discursive interactions unfold in real time.","PeriodicalId":48433,"journal":{"name":"Human Relations","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-25DOI: 10.1177/00187267251336113
{"title":"Rethinking Humanness: Human Relations in the age of AI and Technological Transformation","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/00187267251336113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187267251336113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48433,"journal":{"name":"Human Relations","volume":"26 1","pages":"640-647"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-17DOI: 10.1177/00187267251340602
Payal N Sharma, Rachel E Sturm, Brett H Neely, Danielle V Tussing, Bradley L Kirkman
For decades, precarious manhood theory has suggested that men are expected to prove their masculinity, given that it is a hard-won, tenuous state requiring continual social proof and constant validation. However, there is an emergent body of research that challenges these tenets and indicates that some men do not adhere to gendered expectations of their biological sex at work—which we refer to as counter-normativity. We conducted a systematic review to organize and synthesize this literature, thereby extending precarious manhood theory. Our review suggests the hegemonically masculine roots of precarious manhood theory are not uniformly idealized or revered as previously theorized, because counter-normative men do not necessarily value enacting the associated norms. In addition, women are often the punitive party, which is of note given that men’s counter-normativity is typically described as their acting like a woman, and is purportedly one of the worst things a man can do. Finally, although counter-normative men are largely punished in their organizations for breaking gender stereotypes, there are instances where they experience positive or neutral outcomes. We conclude by guiding forthcoming scholarship on masculinity at work, suggesting important implications for managing gender complexities in today’s work settings.
{"title":"Too womanly or not manly enough? A review of work consequences experienced by counter-normative men","authors":"Payal N Sharma, Rachel E Sturm, Brett H Neely, Danielle V Tussing, Bradley L Kirkman","doi":"10.1177/00187267251340602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187267251340602","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, precarious manhood theory has suggested that men are expected to prove their masculinity, given that it is a hard-won, tenuous state requiring continual social proof and constant validation. However, there is an emergent body of research that challenges these tenets and indicates that some men do not adhere to gendered expectations of their biological sex at work—which we refer to as counter-normativity. We conducted a systematic review to organize and synthesize this literature, thereby extending precarious manhood theory. Our review suggests the hegemonically masculine roots of precarious manhood theory are not uniformly idealized or revered as previously theorized, because counter-normative men do not necessarily value enacting the associated norms. In addition, women are often the punitive party, which is of note given that men’s counter-normativity is typically described as their acting like a woman, and is purportedly one of the worst things a man can do. Finally, although counter-normative men are largely punished in their organizations for breaking gender stereotypes, there are instances where they experience positive or neutral outcomes. We conclude by guiding forthcoming scholarship on masculinity at work, suggesting important implications for managing gender complexities in today’s work settings.","PeriodicalId":48433,"journal":{"name":"Human Relations","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144311297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-06DOI: 10.1177/00187267251331480
Devi Vijay, Abrar Saiyed
This study focuses on the people inhabiting an internal frontier of global capital marked by the zone of a waste landfill and its surrounding industrial belt. While the external frontiers of capitalist accumulation are traceable to identifiable corporations, internal frontiers involve ambiguous work and organizational relations. We draw on fieldwork at a settlement near a waste landfill in Ahmedabad, India. We weave research on infrastructures with organizational studies of violence to examine the (re-) production of these internal frontiers. We show how the state and private actors inflict socio-economic ruination and govern through infrastructural violence – such as exclusions from public infrastructures, proliferating private infrastructures and exposure to toxic infrastructures – to produce the internal frontier. Residents endure life through the reparative infrastructural work of salvaging and patching infrastructures. We contribute to organizational research on violence by highlighting the under-theorized internal frontiers of global capital that comprise large swathes of the population. Furthermore, using infrastructure as an analytic lens, we open new terrains of inquiry into work and organizing in the capitalist mode of production. We show how reparative infrastructural work at the internal frontier transgresses Global North-centric formulations of work. We advance nascent organization studies on majoritarian political formations.
{"title":"Killing us with slow poison: Organizing infrastructural violence and work at an internal frontier","authors":"Devi Vijay, Abrar Saiyed","doi":"10.1177/00187267251331480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187267251331480","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the people inhabiting an internal frontier of global capital marked by the zone of a waste landfill and its surrounding industrial belt. While the external frontiers of capitalist accumulation are traceable to identifiable corporations, internal frontiers involve ambiguous work and organizational relations. We draw on fieldwork at a settlement near a waste landfill in Ahmedabad, India. We weave research on infrastructures with organizational studies of violence to examine the (re-) production of these internal frontiers. We show how the state and private actors inflict socio-economic ruination and govern through infrastructural violence – such as exclusions from public infrastructures, proliferating private infrastructures and exposure to toxic infrastructures – to produce the internal frontier. Residents endure life through the <jats:italic>reparative infrastructural work</jats:italic> of salvaging and patching infrastructures. We contribute to organizational research on violence by highlighting the under-theorized internal frontiers of global capital that comprise large swathes of the population. Furthermore, using infrastructure as an analytic lens, we open new terrains of inquiry into work and organizing in the capitalist mode of production. We show how reparative infrastructural work at the internal frontier transgresses Global North-centric formulations of work. We advance nascent organization studies on majoritarian political formations.","PeriodicalId":48433,"journal":{"name":"Human Relations","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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