Journal of Public Economics最新文献

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The impact of increased exposure of diversity on suburban students’ outcomes: An analysis of the METCO voluntary desegregation program 多样性增加对郊区学生成绩的影响：METCO自愿废除种族隔离计划的分析

IF 4.8 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Public Economics

Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105377

Elizabeth Setren

Over sixty years following Brown vs. Board of Education, racial and socioeconomic segregation and lack of equal access to educational opportunities persist. Across the country, voluntary desegregation busing programs aim to ameliorate these imbalances and disparities. A longstanding Massachusetts program, METCO, buses K-12 students of color from Boston and Springfield, Massachusetts to 37 suburban districts that voluntarily enroll urban students. Supporters of the program argue that it prepares students to be active citizens in our multicultural society. Opponents question the value of the program and worry it may have a negative impact on suburban student outcomes. I estimate the causal effect of exposure to diversity through the METCO program by using two types of variation: difference-in-difference analysis of schools stopping and starting their METCO enrollment and two-stage least squares analysis of space availability for METCO students. Both methods rule out substantial test score, attendance, or suspension effects of having METCO peers. Classroom ability distribution and classroom suspension rates remain similar when METCO programs start and stop. There is no negative impact on college preparation, competitiveness, persistence, or graduation.

在布朗诉教育委员会案之后的60多年里，种族和社会经济隔离以及缺乏平等的教育机会仍然存在。在全国范围内，自愿废除种族隔离计划旨在改善这些不平衡和差距。马萨诸塞州的一个长期项目METCO将波士顿和斯普林菲尔德的K-12有色人种学生送到37个郊区，这些郊区自愿招收城市学生。该计划的支持者认为，它使学生在我们的多元文化社会中成为积极的公民。反对者质疑该项目的价值，担心它可能对郊区学生的成绩产生负面影响。通过METCO计划，我通过使用两种类型的变量来估计接触多样性的因果效应：对学校停止和开始METCO招生的差异分析和METCO学生空间可用性的两阶段最小二乘分析。这两种方法都排除了大量的考试成绩，出勤率或有METCO同行的停学影响。当METCO项目启动和停止时，课堂能力分布和课堂停学率保持相似。对大学准备、竞争力、毅力或毕业没有负面影响。

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引用次数: 0

Driving innovation? Carbon tax effects in the Swedish transport sector 推动创新?碳税对瑞典运输部门的影响

IF 4.8 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Public Economics

Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105444

Nils aus dem Moore , Johannes Brehm , Henri Gruhl

Does a carbon tax stimulate low-carbon innovation in the transport sector? We exploit an environmental tax reform in Sweden that introduced both a carbon and a value-added tax on transport fuels. Synthetic control estimates consistently find that the tax reform caused large and significant increases in low-carbon patents. We provide suggestive evidence that the carbon tax drives the effect while fuel price changes with comparable magnitude did not significantly affect low-carbon innovation. Our findings suggest that salient carbon prices may foster low-carbon innovation more effectively than fuel price elasticity estimates suggest.

碳税能刺激交通运输行业的低碳创新吗？我们利用瑞典的环境税改革，对运输燃料征收碳税和增值税。综合控制估计一致发现，税收改革导致低碳专利数量大幅显著增加。我们提供了启发性的证据，表明碳税驱动了这种效应，而同等幅度的燃料价格变化对低碳创新没有显著影响。我们的研究结果表明，显著的碳价格可能比燃料价格弹性估计值更有效地促进低碳创新。

引用次数: 0

Easing renegotiation rules in public procurement: Evidence from a policy reform 放宽公共采购中的重新谈判规则：来自政策改革的证据

IF 4.8 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Public Economics

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105445

Kris De Jaegher , Michal Šoltés , Vítězslav Titl

Public procurement contracts require frequent renegotiation. Exploiting a natural experiment induced by the implementation of an EU policy in the Czech Republic, we examine the effect of easing renegotiation rules on the outcomes of public procurement. We document that the policy decreased winning bids but did not change the final price, as post-award renegotiations offset the initial bid reductions. We find no evidence of a decline in the quality of the delivered procurement projects. We rationalize our findings using a stylized theoretical model.

公共采购合同需要经常重新谈判。利用捷克共和国实施欧盟政策引发的自然实验，我们研究了放宽重新谈判规则对公共采购结果的影响。我们的文件表明，该政策减少了中标，但没有改变最终价格，因为中标后的重新谈判抵消了最初的投标削减。我们没有发现交付的采购项目质量下降的证据。我们用一个程式化的理论模型来合理化我们的发现。

引用次数: 0

Women leaders improve environmental outcomes: Evidence from crop fires in India 女性领导人改善环境成果：来自印度农作物火灾的证据

IF 4.8 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Public Economics

Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105443

Maulik Jagnani , Meera Mahadevan

This paper provides the first plausibly causal evidence that women leaders improve environmental outcomes. Using a close-election regression discontinuity design, we find that the election of a female politician over a male politician decreases crop fire incidence and biomass-related particulate emissions in India. These effects are concentrated during the harvest and post-harvest months in districts that follow fire-suited cropping patterns. To understand mechanisms, we survey 424 male and female village council leaders in Punjab, the Indian state with the highest per capita incidence of crop fires. We find women leaders are more likely to consider crop fires a serious issue, weigh their impacts on child health, support regulations to decrease crop fire incidence, and implement specific crop residue management policies like private residue collection or encouraging crop residue use as fodder.

本文首次提供了女性领导者改善环境结果的可信因果证据。使用一个接近选举的非连续性回归设计，我们发现女性政治家比男性政治家的选举减少了印度农作物火灾的发生率和与生物质相关的颗粒排放。这些影响集中在采收和采收后的几个月，在采用适合火灾的种植模式的地区。为了了解机制，我们调查了旁遮普邦的424名男女村委会领导人，旁遮普邦是印度人均农作物火灾发生率最高的州。我们发现，女性领导人更有可能将作物火灾视为一个严重问题，权衡其对儿童健康的影响，支持制定减少作物火灾发生率的法规，并实施具体的作物秸秆管理政策，如私人秸秆收集或鼓励将作物秸秆用作饲料。

引用次数: 0

Career expectations and outcomes: Evidence (on gender gaps) from the economics job market 职业期望和结果：来自经济学就业市场的证据（关于性别差距）

IF 4.8 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Public Economics

Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105437

Brooke Helppie-McFall, Eric Parolin, Basit Zafar

This paper investigates gender gaps in long-term career expectations and outcomes of PhD candidates in economics. For this purpose, we match rich survey data on PhD candidates (from the 2008–2010 job market cohorts) to public data on job history and publication records through 2022. We document four novel empirical facts: (1) there is a robust gender gap in career expectations, with females about 10 percentage points less likely to ex-ante expect to get tenure or publish regularly; (2) the gender gap in expectations is remarkably similar to the gap observed for academic outcomes; (3) expectations are similarly predictive of outcomes for males and females, and (4) gender gaps in expectations can explain about 22 % and 14 % of the ex-post gaps in tenure and publications, respectively. In addition, leveraging variation in relationship status at the time expectations are reported, we show that: conditional on gender, (1) expectations regarding tenure and publications do not differ systematically by relationship status, and (2) the predictive power of expectations does not differ by the relationship status of the individual.

本文调查了经济学博士候选人长期职业期望和结果的性别差异。为此，我们将博士候选人的丰富调查数据（从2008-2010年的就业市场队列）与截至2022年的工作历史和出版记录的公开数据相匹配。我们记录了四个新的实证事实：(1)在职业期望方面存在明显的性别差距，女性预期获得终身职位或定期发表文章的可能性要低约10个百分点；(2)性别期望差异与学业成绩差异显著相似；(3)期望对男性和女性的预测结果相似；(4)期望的性别差异可以分别解释任职和发表的离职后差距约22% %和14% %。此外，利用在报告期望时关系状态的变化，我们表明：以性别为条件，(1)关于任期和出版物的期望不会因关系状态而系统性地差异，(2)期望的预测能力不会因个人的关系状态而差异。

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引用次数: 0

The graduation part II: Graduate program graduation rates 第二部分：研究生项目毕业率

IF 4.8 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Public Economics

Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105422

Jeffrey T. Denning , Lesley J. Turner

This paper documents several facts about graduate program graduation rates using administrative data covering public and nonprofit graduate students in Texas. Only 58 % of students entering a graduate program in 2004 graduated within 6 years. Between the 2004 and 2013 entering cohorts, graduate student completion rates grew by 10 percentage points. Graduation rates vary widely by field of study, ranging from an average of 81 % for law programs to 53 % for education programs. We also find large differences in graduation rates between institutions. On average, 72 % of students who entered programs in flagship public universities graduated in 6 years compared to only 57 % of those who entered programs in non-research intensive (non-R1) institutions. Graduate students who do not complete may face negative consequences due to lower average earnings and substantial levels of student debt.

本文记录了几个关于研究生项目毕业率的事实，使用的管理数据涵盖了德克萨斯州的公共和非营利性研究生。2004年进入研究生课程的学生中只有58% 在6年内毕业。在2004年至2013年的入学队列中，研究生毕业率提高了10个百分点。毕业率因研究领域而异，从法律专业的平均81 %到教育专业的平均53 %不等。我们还发现，不同院校的毕业率存在很大差异。平均而言，进入旗舰公立大学学习的学生中有72% %在6年内毕业，而进入非研究密集型（非r1）机构学习的学生中只有57% %。没有完成学业的研究生可能会面临平均收入较低和大量学生债务的负面后果。

引用次数: 0

Dependent insurance coverage and parental job lock: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act 家属保险覆盖范围和父母工作锁定：来自《平价医疗法案》的证据

IF 4.8 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Public Economics

Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105439

Hannah Bae , Katherine Meckel , Maggie Shi

Coverage for dependents is a standard feature of employer-sponsored insurance. While prior work shows that employees trade off job mobility for their own coverage, less is known about the intra-family spillovers of dependent coverage on parental labor supply. We study this question using a large panel of employer-based insurance claims that links dependent enrollment to a proxy for parental job retention. We use a regression discontinuity design that exploits a sharp change in the duration of dependent eligibility by birth month under the Affordable Care Act. We find that additional dependent insurance eligibility increases both dependent take-up and parental job retention. This “job lock” effect is strongest among parents more likely to be on the margin of a job exit, for families that place higher value on dependent coverage, and employees of firms offering a broader range of insurance options.

为家属提供保险是雇主赞助保险的标准特征。虽然先前的研究表明，员工为了自己的保险而牺牲了工作流动性，但对依赖于父母劳动供给的保险的家庭内部溢出效应知之甚少。我们使用一个基于雇主的保险索赔的大型小组来研究这个问题，该小组将受抚养的登记与父母工作保留的代理联系起来。我们使用回归不连续设计，利用出生月份的受抚养资格持续时间的急剧变化，根据《平价医疗法案》。我们发现额外的受抚养人保险资格增加了受抚养人的接受和父母的工作保留。这种“工作锁定”效应在那些更有可能处于离职边缘的父母、那些更重视家属保险的家庭以及那些提供更广泛保险选择的公司的员工中表现得最为强烈。

引用次数: 0

Facilitating police reform: Body cameras, police-involved homicides, and law enforcement outcomes 促进警察改革：随身摄像机、涉警杀人案和执法结果

IF 4.8 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Public Economics

Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105424

Taeho Kim

Body-worn cameras (BWCs) have emerged as a crucial reform to restore police legitimacy. However, there remains limited evidence on the conditions under which BWCs reduce use of force and affect broader agency-wide outcomes. Using a quasi-experimental event study design, I analyze data from 593 U.S. police agencies to estimate the effects of BWC adoption. I find that reductions in police-involved homicides are heterogeneous—concentrated in regions with higher prior levels of such incidents and in agencies with stricter activation requirements, with no measurable change in low-incident regions or agencies with weaker policies. This study also provides the first evidence on agency-wide outcomes, finding no significant trade-offs in overall arrest or crime rates. These findings offer insight into when BWCs are most likely to enhance police accountability and performance.

随身摄像机（BWCs）已经成为恢复警察合法性的一项重要改革。然而，关于生化武器在何种条件下减少武力使用并影响更广泛的机构结果的证据仍然有限。使用准实验事件研究设计，我分析了来自593个美国警察机构的数据，以估计采用生物武器的影响。我发现，与警察有关的凶杀案的减少是不均匀的——集中在此类事件发生率较高的地区和有更严格激活要求的机构，而在低事件发生率地区或政策较弱的机构没有可衡量的变化。这项研究还提供了第一个关于整个机构结果的证据，发现在总体逮捕率或犯罪率方面没有显著的权衡。这些调查结果有助于深入了解bwc何时最有可能加强警察问责制和绩效。

引用次数: 0

Recovering voice through out-of-district donations 通过区外捐款恢复声音

IF 4.8 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Public Economics

Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105378

Sarah Waldfogel

A growing share of Americans live in electorally lopsided congressional districts, potentially depressing their political participation. Unlike with voting, there are no place-based restrictions on giving, raising the question of whether individuals disengaged by lopsided home districts find voice through greater non-local giving. I explore this using the post-2010 redistricting, which reassigned individuals to more, or less, competitive districts. When an individual’s district becomes exogenously less competitive, she donates more out of district to competitive races. Givers regard non-local giving as a substitute for local political participation, increasing their out-of-district gifts by

$ 0.40

, and reducing their within-district gifts by

$ 0.75

, for every one p.p. increase in their home district’s lopsidedness.

越来越多的美国人生活在选举不平衡的国会选区，这可能会抑制他们的政治参与。与投票不同的是，对捐赠没有基于地点的限制，这就提出了一个问题，即在不平衡的家乡选区脱离参与的个人是否会通过更多的非本地捐赠来表达自己的意见。我用2010年后的选区重新划分来研究这个问题，它将个人重新分配到竞争更激烈或更少的地区。当一个人所在地区的竞争变得不那么激烈时，她就会向竞争激烈的地区捐赠更多。捐款者将非本地捐赠视为本地政治参与的替代品，每增加一个百分点，捐款者的区外捐赠增加0.40美元，区内捐赠减少0.75美元。

引用次数: 0

Provider payment incentives: Evidence from the U.S. hospice industry 提供者支付激励：来自美国临终关怀行业的证据

IF 4.8 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Public Economics

Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105435

Norma B. Coe , David A. Rosenkranz

Combining capitation with a cap on health care providers’ average revenue can reduce allocative inefficiency. But the cap may be undercut by health care providers who churn their patient censuses. We investigate this possibility in the U.S. hospice industry, where Medicare pays hospice programs fixed daily rates but caps their average annual revenue. By leveraging variation generated by the cap’s nonlinear design and the transition between fiscal years, we find that programs on track to exceed the cap raise enrollment rates by 5.8 % and live discharge rates by 4.3 % in the fourth quarter. But this churning falls far short of eliminating their financial penalties: it amounts to 10 % of an average program’s excess revenue at most. Marginal enrollees have longer remaining lifetimes and more fragmented hospice spells on average, suggesting weaker intrinsic demand for hospice care. We discuss the cap’s implications for market structure.

对医疗服务提供者的平均收入设置上限，同时实行人头制，可以减少配置效率低下。但是，医疗服务提供者可能会降低这个上限，因为他们会对病人进行大规模普查。我们在美国临终关怀行业调查了这种可能性，在那里，医疗保险支付临终关怀计划固定的每日费率，但限制他们的平均年收入。通过利用上限的非线性设计和财政年度之间的过渡所产生的变化，我们发现，在第四季度，有望超过上限的计划将入学率提高了5.8% %，实际出院率提高了4.3% %。但是这种翻腾远远不能消除他们的经济处罚：最多相当于一个项目平均超额收入的10% %。边缘参保者的平均剩余寿命较长，临终关怀时间较分散，表明对临终关怀的内在需求较弱。我们讨论了上限对市场结构的影响。

引用次数: 0

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