Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105469
Audrey Guo , Melanie Wallskog
How costly are taxes for young firms? In this paper, we demonstrate that even small payroll taxes significantly distort hiring decisions and employment growth. First, we leverage cross-sectional variation in the taxes faced by new employers to study how these taxes affect entrepreneurs’ decisions to become employers. We find that higher taxes discourage new firms from hiring their first workers; we estimate an elasticity of the number of new employers to taxes of −0.1. Second, we study tax changes a new employer faces after it enters. We find that higher taxes lead more firms to exit, while also reducing employment for those who survive and leading some firms to avoid taxes by using non-taxable contract labor.
{"title":"New employer payroll taxes and entrepreneurship","authors":"Audrey Guo , Melanie Wallskog","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How costly are taxes for young firms? In this paper, we demonstrate that even small payroll taxes significantly distort hiring decisions and employment growth. First, we leverage cross-sectional variation in the taxes faced by new employers to study how these taxes affect entrepreneurs’ decisions to become employers. We find that higher taxes discourage new firms from hiring their first workers; we estimate an elasticity of the number of new employers to taxes of −0.1. Second, we study tax changes a new employer faces after it enters. We find that higher taxes lead more firms to exit, while also reducing employment for those who survive and leading some firms to avoid taxes by using non-taxable contract labor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 105469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105441
Damon Clark , Stephen Coate
Many school districts operate “school choice" or “open enrollment" programs that give parents a choice of school. The popular schools in these districts are often oversubscribed, so districts must decide which applicants receive priority at these schools. Typically, districts give priority to students who live close to these schools or allocate by random lottery. However, to provide more equitable access to popular schools and to reduce school segregation, some districts prioritize students based on socio-economic status (e.g., favoring students from less-affluent neighborhoods). This paper shows that, despite their effects on transportation costs, these equity-based priorities can increase efficiency in the sense of raising aggregate welfare. They do this by facilitating better matches of students to schools.
{"title":"An efficiency case for equity-based school priorities","authors":"Damon Clark , Stephen Coate","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many school districts operate “school choice\" or “open enrollment\" programs that give parents a choice of school. The popular schools in these districts are often oversubscribed, so districts must decide which applicants receive priority at these schools. Typically, districts give priority to students who live close to these schools or allocate by random lottery. However, to provide more equitable access to popular schools and to reduce school segregation, some districts prioritize students based on socio-economic status (e.g., favoring students from less-affluent neighborhoods). This paper shows that, despite their effects on transportation costs, these equity-based priorities can increase efficiency in the sense of raising aggregate welfare. They do this by facilitating better matches of students to schools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 105441"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using a large survey of euro area consumers, we conduct an experiment in which respondents report how they would adjust their labor market participation, hours worked, and job search effort (if not employed) in response to randomly assigned windfall gain scenarios. Windfall gains reduce labor supply, but only when the gains are substantial. At the extensive margin, gains of €25,000 or less have no effects, while gains between €50,000 and €100,000 reduce the probability of working by 1.5 to 3.5 percentage points. At the intensive margin, small gains produce no impact, while gains above €50,000 lead to a reduction of approximately one hour of work per week. The effects among women and workers near retirement are stronger. The share of non-employed respondents who stop or reduce job search intensity declines by 1 percentage point for each €10,000 in windfall gain, with the strongest effects observed among older individuals receiving €100,000.
{"title":"Labor supply response to windfall gains","authors":"Dimitris Georgarakos , Tullio Jappelli , Geoff Kenny , Luigi Pistaferri","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using a large survey of euro area consumers, we conduct an experiment in which respondents report how they would adjust their labor market participation, hours worked, and job search effort (if not employed) in response to randomly assigned windfall gain scenarios. Windfall gains reduce labor supply, but only when the gains are substantial. At the extensive margin, gains of €25,000 or less have no effects, while gains between €50,000 and €100,000 reduce the probability of working by 1.5 to 3.5 percentage points. At the intensive margin, small gains produce no impact, while gains above €50,000 lead to a reduction of approximately one hour of work per week. The effects among women and workers near retirement are stronger. The share of non-employed respondents who stop or reduce job search intensity declines by 1 percentage point for each €10,000 in windfall gain, with the strongest effects observed among older individuals receiving €100,000.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 105476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105467
Francesco Campo , Sara Giunti , Mariapia Mendola , Giulia Tura
The 2015 refugee crisis in Europe has fueled anti-immigrant sentiment in host regions, with potential unintended consequences for refugee integration. We examine the heterogeneity of political backlash across Italian municipalities post-crisis and assess the concomitant role of economic vs socio-cultural factors in “welcoming" refugees (i.e., the supply side of integration). By leveraging the quasi-random dispersal policy and using causal forests, we find that refugee exposure has a significantly higher impact on anti-immigration backlash in more affluent areas and those with more bonding social capital. Conversely, areas with more bridging social capital, as measured by meaningful intergroup contact with former immigrants (e.g., mixed marriages), show less political backlash. We exploit this pattern of heterogeneity to evaluate counterfactual resettlement policies that minimize backlash. Results show that economic factors alone are insufficient to stem local discontent, while the socio-cultural dimension of host communities is crucial for the design of effective refugee resettlement programs.
{"title":"Political backlash to refugee settlement: Cultural and economic drivers","authors":"Francesco Campo , Sara Giunti , Mariapia Mendola , Giulia Tura","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 2015 refugee crisis in Europe has fueled anti-immigrant sentiment in host regions, with potential unintended consequences for refugee integration. We examine the heterogeneity of political backlash across Italian municipalities post-crisis and assess the concomitant role of economic <em>vs</em> socio-cultural factors in “welcoming\" refugees (i.e., the supply side of integration). By leveraging the quasi-random dispersal policy and using causal forests, we find that refugee exposure has a significantly higher impact on anti-immigration backlash in more affluent areas and those with more bonding social capital. Conversely, areas with more bridging social capital, as measured by meaningful intergroup contact with former immigrants (e.g., mixed marriages), show less political backlash. We exploit this pattern of heterogeneity to evaluate counterfactual resettlement policies that minimize backlash. Results show that economic factors alone are insufficient to stem local discontent, while the socio-cultural dimension of host communities is crucial for the design of effective refugee resettlement programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 105467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105465
Ingrid Gould Ellen , Katherine O’Regan , Sarah Strochak
The Housing Choice Voucher program serves over 2.3 million households per year. While the program provides significant benefits, most voucher holders live in high-poverty neighborhoods, and many recipients fail to use their vouchers at all. This paper evaluates a new programmatic approach for expanding and improving neighborhood outcomes, which pegs voucher subsidy amounts to ZIP Code-level rents, rather than being uniform across an entire metro area. We find that this pricing change increases moves to higher rent, lower poverty ZIP Codes without increasing overall financial costs or affecting the ability of new voucher recipients to use their vouchers to lease homes. This even holds true for the recipients most at risk of experiencing a decline in their ability to use vouchers because the stock of voucher-eligible units near them likely decreases. We show that subgroups of households and landlords make adjustments on other margins, however. Specifically, those leasing in low-rent neighborhoods rent smaller homes and spend more of their income on rent, while landlords in these neighborhoods charge lower rents to match rent subsidies.
{"title":"Pricing for opportunity: The impact of spatially varying rent subsidies on housing voucher neighborhoods and take-up","authors":"Ingrid Gould Ellen , Katherine O’Regan , Sarah Strochak","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Housing Choice Voucher program serves over 2.3 million households per year. While the program provides significant benefits, most voucher holders live in high-poverty neighborhoods, and many recipients fail to use their vouchers at all. This paper evaluates a new programmatic approach for expanding and improving neighborhood outcomes, which pegs voucher subsidy amounts to ZIP Code-level rents, rather than being uniform across an entire metro area. We find that this pricing change increases moves to higher rent, lower poverty ZIP Codes without increasing overall financial costs or affecting the ability of new voucher recipients to use their vouchers to lease homes. This even holds true for the recipients most at risk of experiencing a decline in their ability to use vouchers because the stock of voucher-eligible units near them likely decreases. We show that subgroups of households and landlords make adjustments on other margins, however. Specifically, those leasing in low-rent neighborhoods rent smaller homes and spend more of their income on rent, while landlords in these neighborhoods charge lower rents to match rent subsidies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 105465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105477
André Kurmann , Etienne Lalé , Lien Ta
This paper proposes a novel methodology to distinguish true business openings and closings from sample churn in private-sector data and to evaluate the representativeness of the resulting estimates by leveraging supplementary high-frequency information on individual business activity. The methodology produces both real-time estimates using only concurrent information and retrospective estimates that incorporate additional information as it becomes available, reflecting a fundamental trade-off between timeliness and accuracy. The methodology is applied to a real-time sample of small businesses widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic to demonstrate its usefulness under extreme circumstances. The application highlights the importance of properly accounting for business openings and closings and at the same time yields two important insights about small business dynamics during the pandemic: (i) small business employment in in-person service sectors experienced larger swings at the beginning of the pandemic than employment of larger businesses, primarily due to a spike in temporary closings; (ii) delayed access to loans from the Paycheck Protection Program significantly increased small business closings but had minimal impact on employment of continuing businesses, suggesting the program’s effectiveness operated primarily through preventing closures rather than preserving jobs at operating businesses.
{"title":"Measuring small business dynamics and employment with private-sector real-time data","authors":"André Kurmann , Etienne Lalé , Lien Ta","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a novel methodology to distinguish true business openings and closings from sample churn in private-sector data and to evaluate the representativeness of the resulting estimates by leveraging supplementary high-frequency information on individual business activity. The methodology produces both real-time estimates using only concurrent information and retrospective estimates that incorporate additional information as it becomes available, reflecting a fundamental trade-off between timeliness and accuracy. The methodology is applied to a real-time sample of small businesses widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic to demonstrate its usefulness under extreme circumstances. The application highlights the importance of properly accounting for business openings and closings and at the same time yields two important insights about small business dynamics during the pandemic: (i) small business employment in in-person service sectors experienced larger swings at the beginning of the pandemic than employment of larger businesses, primarily due to a spike in temporary closings; (ii) delayed access to loans from the Paycheck Protection Program significantly increased small business closings but had minimal impact on employment of continuing businesses, suggesting the program’s effectiveness operated primarily through preventing closures rather than preserving jobs at operating businesses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 105477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105478
Emma B. Dean
This study examines the impacts of pharmaceutical price controls in a middle-income country setting, focusing on an implementation of pharmaceutical price ceilings in India. In the short-term, it finds that price controls led to declining prices for directly-impacted and competing products and increased market share for high-quality products. However, after price controls were implemented, low-priced firms were more likely to exit price-controlled markets and sales of price-controlled products declined in markets with stronger price controls. The benefits of the legislation were largest for quality-sensitive consumers, while the downsides most affected price-sensitive consumers.
{"title":"Who benefits from pharmaceutical price controls? Evidence from India","authors":"Emma B. Dean","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impacts of pharmaceutical price controls in a middle-income country setting, focusing on an implementation of pharmaceutical price ceilings in India. In the short-term, it finds that price controls led to declining prices for directly-impacted and competing products and increased market share for high-quality products. However, after price controls were implemented, low-priced firms were more likely to exit price-controlled markets and sales of price-controlled products declined in markets with stronger price controls. The benefits of the legislation were largest for quality-sensitive consumers, while the downsides most affected price-sensitive consumers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 105478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105479
Christine T. Bangum , Benny Geys , Rune J. Sørensen
Why do people vote in large elections? Theoretical arguments to resolve this paradox of voting often emphasize individuals’ pro-social motivations, which make turnout decisions less sensitive to the pivot probability. Using Norwegian population-wide register data, we test this argument by leveraging population-size shocks from inter-municipal mobility and proxying pro-social motivations via individuals’ charitable donations. We find that increasing electorate size widens the turnout gap between more/less pro-social individuals, and that turnout of pro-social individuals responds less to population-size shocks. Simulated municipality-level pivot probabilities suggest the (expected) probability of influencing election outcomes as a driving force behind these findings.
{"title":"Pro-social preferences and the paradox of voting","authors":"Christine T. Bangum , Benny Geys , Rune J. Sørensen","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Why do people vote in large elections? Theoretical arguments to resolve this paradox of voting often emphasize individuals’ pro-social motivations, which make turnout decisions less sensitive to the pivot probability. Using Norwegian population-wide register data, we test this argument by leveraging population-size shocks from inter-municipal mobility and proxying pro-social motivations via individuals’ charitable donations. We find that increasing electorate size widens the turnout <em>gap</em> between more/less pro-social individuals, and that turnout of pro-social individuals responds less to population-size shocks. Simulated municipality-level pivot probabilities suggest the (expected) probability of influencing election outcomes as a driving force behind these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 105479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105471
Juliana Londoño-Vélez , Dario Tortarolo
Argentina’s 2016 tax amnesty led to the disclosure of hidden assets totaling 21 % of GDP—an exceptionally large amount, concentrated offshore and among the wealthiest 0.1 %. We examine how this enforcement initiative affected taxpayer behavior, tax progressivity, and revenue. Compliance improved—especially among high-wealth individuals—expanding the bases of both the wealth and capital income taxes. A subsequent tax hike on foreign assets further enhanced progressivity and raised effective tax rates on the top 0.1 %, generating nearly 0.8 % of GDP in wealth tax revenue—one of the highest yields globally. We discuss why, despite prior failed amnesties, Argentina’s 2016 policy package proved unusually effective.
{"title":"Revealing 21% of GDP in hidden assets: Evidence from Argentina","authors":"Juliana Londoño-Vélez , Dario Tortarolo","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Argentina’s 2016 tax amnesty led to the disclosure of hidden assets totaling 21 % of GDP—an exceptionally large amount, concentrated offshore and among the wealthiest 0.1 %. We examine how this enforcement initiative affected taxpayer behavior, tax progressivity, and revenue. Compliance improved—especially among high-wealth individuals—expanding the bases of both the wealth and capital income taxes. A subsequent tax hike on foreign assets further enhanced progressivity and raised effective tax rates on the top 0.1 %, generating nearly 0.8 % of GDP in wealth tax revenue—one of the highest yields globally. We discuss why, despite prior failed amnesties, Argentina’s 2016 policy package proved unusually effective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 105471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105475
Paweł Gola
This paper explores team formation when workers differ in skills and their desire to out-earn co-workers. I cast this question as a two-dimensional assignment problem, characterise the equilibrium sorting and payoffs for three large classes of specifications, and find that heterogeneity in status preferences drastically changes the distributional and organisational consequences of skill-biased technological change (SBTC). Strikingly, the benefits of SBTC trickle down to low-skill workers with weak relative concerns even when there are no complementarities in production. Moreover, SBTC incentivises domestic outsourcing, as firms seek to avoid detrimental social comparisons between high- and low-skill workers, which provides a compelling explanation for the observed long-term increase in domestic outsourcing.
{"title":"The pond dilemma with heterogeneous relative concerns","authors":"Paweł Gola","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores team formation when workers differ in skills and their desire to out-earn co-workers. I cast this question as a two-dimensional assignment problem, characterise the equilibrium sorting and payoffs for three large classes of specifications, and find that heterogeneity in status preferences drastically changes the distributional and organisational consequences of skill-biased technological change (SBTC). Strikingly, the benefits of SBTC trickle down to low-skill workers with weak relative concerns even when there are no complementarities in production. Moreover, SBTC incentivises domestic outsourcing, as firms seek to avoid detrimental social comparisons between high- and low-skill workers, which provides a compelling explanation for the observed long-term increase in domestic outsourcing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Economics","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 105475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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