Journal of Experimental Social Psychology最新文献

英文中文

Maximizer's asymmetric memory: Amplified negativity for selected options, attenuated for foregone options 最大化者的不对称记忆：对选择的消极放大，对放弃的消极减弱

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2026.104888

He Huang, Virgil Zeigler-Hill, Hong Li

引用次数: 0

Integrating the sociocultural and economic effects of social class on prosocial behavior 整合社会阶层对亲社会行为的社会文化和经济影响

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2026.104885

Johannes Stark, Christian Tröster, Niels Van Quaquebeke

引用次数: 0

“If you agree with me, it must be true”: Social verification creates shared reality and consolidates impressions “如果你同意我，那一定是真的”：社会验证创造了共同的现实，巩固了印象

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2026.104887

Matteo Masi, Gerrit Lamers, Gerald Echterhoff

引用次数: 0

Proximity to whiteness and the racial position of multiracial people in the United States 接近白人与美国多种族人群的种族地位

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2026.104884

A. Chyei Vinluan , Maria G. Garay , Jennifer M. Perry , Linda X. Zou , Keith B. Maddox , Jessica D. Remedios

In the United States, Multiracial people with White ancestry may benefit from racial privilege not accessible to their monoracial minority counterparts. We examined this possibility by studying the racial position (Zou & Cheryan, 2017) of Multiracial-White groups (Study 1) and individuals (Study 2). In Study 1, Multiracial-White (specifically, Asian-White, Black-White, and Latino-White) groups were perceived as superior compared to their monoracial minority counterparts, and Asian-White and Latino-White groups were perceived as more American than monoracial Asian and Latino groups. In Study 2, racially ambiguous individuals were rated as higher in superiority and Americanness when they were described as having one White parent versus two minority parents. Furthermore, we examined perceptions of White phenotypicality as a possible mechanism underlying stereotypes that privilege Multiracial-White people. Indeed, racially ambiguous individuals were perceived as looking more phenotypically White when they were described as having one White parent versus two minority parents. Judgments of White phenotypicality partially mediated higher ratings of superiority and Americanness ascribed to individuals who identified as Multiracial-White (versus as monoracial minority). In sum, the present studies shed light on the mechanisms that may convey and sustain White privilege to Multiracial-White people.

在美国，拥有白人血统的多种族人士可能会享受到少数族裔人士无法享受到的种族特权。我们通过研究多种族白人群体（研究1）和个体（研究2）的种族地位（Zou &; Cheryan, 2017）来检验这种可能性。在研究1中，与单一种族的少数族裔相比，多种族白人（特别是亚洲白人、黑人白人和拉丁裔白人）群体被认为更优越，亚洲白人和拉丁裔白人群体被认为比单一种族的亚洲人和拉丁裔群体更美国化。在研究2中，当种族模糊的个体被描述为有一个白人父母而不是两个少数民族父母时，他们的优越性和美国性被评为更高。此外，我们研究了白人表现性的认知作为多种族白人特权刻板印象的可能机制。事实上，当种族模糊的个体被描述为有一个白人父母而不是两个少数民族父母时，他们看起来更像白人。对白人表型的判断在一定程度上导致了对多种族白人（相对于单一种族少数民族）的优越感和美国性的较高评价。总之，目前的研究揭示了可能向多种族白人传递和维持白人特权的机制。

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引用次数: 0

Status decoded: How actors and observers shape the meaning of stealth symbols 身份解码：演员和观察者如何塑造隐形符号的意义

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2026.104883

Jesse D'Agostino, Derek D. Rucker

Status symbols are imbued with meaning that shape status inferences and yield status-related benefits. Yet, reaping such benefits depends on people's ability to decode actors' status signals. Some status signals are stealthy in form, easily missed due to their subtlety. The present research demonstrates one means to overcome this dilemma via the explicit acknowledgment of a subtle status symbol. We find both actors and observers can acknowledge, and thereby shape the meaning extracted from subtle status symbols in both similar and dissimilar ways. In terms of similarity, acknowledging a subtle status symbol—whether that acknowledgement comes from the actor or an observer—leads to greater ascriptions of status. In terms of dissimilarity, acknowledging a subtle status symbol by an actor leads to lower warmth, but the same acknowledgement by an observer does not. The upshot of the current work is twofold. First, it contributes to our understanding of how explicitly acknowledging a subtle status symbol affects the independent decoding of both status and warmth. Second, it demonstrates the need to differentiate between actors and observers in understanding how status symbols operate.

地位象征被赋予意义，塑造地位推论并产生与地位相关的利益。然而，获得这些好处取决于人们解读演员地位信号的能力。一些状态信号在形式上是隐形的，由于它们的微妙，很容易被忽略。目前的研究表明了一种克服这种困境的方法，即明确承认微妙的地位象征。我们发现行为者和观察者都能承认，从而以相似和不同的方式塑造从微妙的地位象征中提取的意义。就相似性而言，承认一个微妙的地位象征——无论这个承认来自行为者还是观察者——都会导致更大的地位归属。就差异性而言，承认演员微妙的地位象征会导致较低的温暖，但同样的承认被观察者所接受则不会。当前工作的结果是双重的。首先，它有助于我们理解明确承认一个微妙的地位象征如何影响对地位和温暖的独立解码。其次，它表明在理解地位象征如何运作时，需要区分行动者和观察者。

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引用次数: 0

The limits of moral framing in promoting pro-environmentalism: A preregistered replication of Wolsko et al. (2016) 促进环境保护主义的道德框架的限制：预先注册的复制

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2026.104871

Marlene Voit, Mathias Twardawski, Moritz Fischer

Previous research consistently finds that conservatives express less concern about anthropogenic climate change and engage in fewer environmentally friendly behaviors compared to liberals. One potential reason for this gap is that climate communication often emphasizes values aligned with liberal ideologies, such as harm/care and fairness/reciprocity, while neglecting values that resonate more with conservatives, such as purity, authority, and loyalty. Previous studies have shown that framing pro-environmental messages to address these “conservative values” reduces the gap between liberals and conservatives in pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors. However, the literature on this framing effect is rather mixed, as other studies have failed to show corresponding results. This raises concerns about the robustness of framing as a tool to reduce political differences in pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors. Herein, we report the results of a conceptual replication in Germany (N = 269) and a direct replication in the U.S. (N = 743) of a previously successful framing intervention proposed by Wolsko et al. (2016, Experiment 3). Across both studies, presenting pro-environmental appeals in terms of conservative values did not bridge the divide between liberals and conservatives regarding their pro-environmental attitudes and behavioral intentions.

先前的研究一致发现，与自由派相比，保守派对人为气候变化的关注较少，参与的环境友好行为也较少。造成这种差距的一个潜在原因是，气候传播往往强调与自由主义意识形态一致的价值观，如伤害/关怀和公平/互惠，而忽视了与保守派更有共鸣的价值观，如纯洁、权威和忠诚。先前的研究表明，构建亲环境信息来解决这些“保守价值观”可以缩小自由派和保守派在亲环境态度和行为上的差距。然而，关于这种框架效应的文献是相当复杂的，因为其他研究未能显示相应的结果。这引起了人们对框架作为减少亲环境态度和行为的政治差异的工具的稳健性的关注。在此，我们报告了德国（N = 269）和美国（N = 743）对Wolsko等人（2016，实验3）先前成功提出的框架干预的概念复制结果。在这两项研究中，从保守价值观的角度提出环保呼吁并没有弥合自由派和保守派在环保态度和行为意图方面的分歧。

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引用次数: 0

Dominance through the lens of a competitive worldview: The role of relationship expectancies 竞争世界观下的支配地位：关系期望的作用

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2026.104881

Dean Baltiansky, Daniel R. Ames

Who behaves dominantly—and why? Much compelling prior research spotlights motivational sources. We focus here on beliefs, proposing that people are less likely to behave dominantly when they expect dominance to incur greater relationship costs. We posit that this situation-specific expectancy is shaped by a general competitive worldview, seeing the social world as a “competitive jungle.” In five preregistered studies, we tested whether those with a competitive worldview expected dominance to incur less relationship harm and whether expected relationship harm predicted dominance. In Study 1 (N = 275), part- and full-time workers completed widely used scales of dominance and worldviews, allowing us to test our predicted effects and alternatives. Study 2 (N = 289) shifted from scales to employee-recounted acts of real-world managerial dominance. Studies 3A and 3B (N = 1192) featured a novel paradigm for capturing behavioral dominance, with participants role-playing as managers and employees in an incentive-compatible design. Study 4 (N = 492) manipulated expectancies to test their impact on behavior. We found support for our predictions across our studies, showing that a competitive worldview shaped relationship expectancies and that those who expected less relational damage from dominance were more likely to endorse or enact dominant behavior. These results emerged controlling for various motivational measures (e.g., relationship concern) and other expectancies (e.g., expected compliance), supporting a belief-based account of dominance that complements past work on motivational sources. Exploratory analyses suggested that those behaving dominantly may underestimate relational harm whereas those eschewing dominance may sometimes overestimate it.

谁的行为占主导地位，为什么？许多引人注目的先前研究聚焦于动机来源。我们在这里关注的是信念，提出当人们预计支配会带来更大的关系成本时，他们不太可能表现出支配性行为。我们假设，这种特定情境的期望是由一种普遍的竞争世界观塑造的，将社会世界视为“竞争丛林”。在五项预先注册的研究中，我们测试了那些具有竞争性世界观的人是否期望主导地位产生更少的关系伤害，以及预期的关系伤害是否预示着主导地位。在研究1 （N = 275）中，兼职和全职员工完成了广泛使用的主导地位和世界观量表，使我们能够测试我们预测的效果和替代方案。研究2 （N = 289）从量表转向员工叙述的现实世界中的管理支配行为。研究3A和3B （N = 1192）采用了一种捕捉行为优势的新范式，参与者在激励相容设计中扮演管理者和员工的角色。研究4 （N = 492）操纵期望来测试它们对行为的影响。在我们的研究中，我们发现了对我们预测的支持，表明竞争性的世界观塑造了关系期望，那些期望从支配地位中获得更少关系损害的人更有可能支持或实施支配行为。这些结果出现在控制各种动机措施（例如，关系关注）和其他期望（例如，预期依从性）的情况下，支持基于信念的支配性解释，补充了过去关于动机来源的工作。探索性分析表明，那些表现强势的人可能低估了关系的危害，而那些回避强势的人有时可能高估了关系的危害。

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引用次数: 0

Toward a predictive model of moral concern 走向道德关怀的预测模型

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2026.104880

Bastian Jaeger , Matti Wilks , Caspar van Lissa

At the heart of many contentious debates (e.g., on abortion, immigration, or meat consumption, is the question of how much we ought to weigh the welfare and interests of different entities. Previous research has identified numerous characteristics that predict how much concern people show toward different entities, such as empathy or perceived similarity. However, many of these characteristics are correlated, making it difficult to disentangle their unique relation to moral concern, and there is little evidence on the relative importance of different characteristics. We aim to address these issues and move the field toward an integrative model of moral concern. We reviewed the literature to identify hypothesized predictors of moral concern. We will then use a machine learning approach to simultaneously test all identified predictors and build an integrative and parsimonious predictive model (n = 800 U.S. participants). Our findings will provide insights into (1) how accurately we can predict moral concern with the characteristics that were identified in previous research, and (2) which characteristics are most important for predicting moral concern.

许多有争议的辩论（例如，关于堕胎、移民或肉类消费）的核心问题是，我们应该在多大程度上权衡不同实体的福利和利益。之前的研究已经确定了许多特征，这些特征可以预测人们对不同实体的关注程度，比如同理心或感知相似性。然而，许多这些特征是相互关联的，这使得很难理清它们与道德关注的独特关系，而且几乎没有证据表明不同特征的相对重要性。我们的目标是解决这些问题，并将该领域推向道德关注的综合模式。我们回顾了文献，以确定道德关注的假设预测因素。然后，我们将使用机器学习方法同时测试所有已识别的预测因子，并建立一个综合且简洁的预测模型（n = 800名美国参与者）。我们的研究结果将提供以下方面的见解：(1)我们如何准确地预测道德关注与之前的研究中确定的特征，以及(2)哪些特征是最重要的预测道德关注。

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引用次数: 0

You're not so bad after all: Apologies and guilt promote perceptions of moral restoration after wrongdoing 你其实并没有那么坏：道歉和内疚促进了人们在做错事后的道德恢复

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2026.104879

Emily P. Bosche, Justin M. Ludwig, Karina Schumann

Interpersonal offenses can negatively affect perceptions of a wrongdoer's moral image. People often view wrongdoers as having experienced a lapse in moral judgment and may expect their future moral behavior to be compromised. What can wrongdoers do to restore their moral image in the eyes of others after committing an offense? In the current research, we examined whether wrongdoers who apologize or feel guilty are judged as more likely to show moral restoration in the future. Across five experiments that used hypothetical and recalled offenses, we found that wrongdoers who apologized or felt guilty were perceived as more moral in the future than those who offered no response. These effects were mediated by observers' perceptions that the wrongdoer shared their moral values and was committed to self-improvement. Furthermore, apologies and internal reflections that conveyed private remorse and responsibility were particularly effective in promoting the belief that the wrongdoer and victim should reconcile. This work demonstrates that apologies play an important role in fostering perceptions of moral restoration in the aftermath of an offense.

人际冒犯会对犯错者的道德形象产生负面影响。人们通常认为做错事的人经历了道德判断的失误，并可能期望他们未来的道德行为受到损害。犯了罪的人怎样做才能恢复自己在别人心目中的道德形象？在目前的研究中，我们研究了道歉或感到内疚的犯错者是否更有可能在未来表现出道德恢复。在五个使用假设性和回忆性冒犯的实验中，我们发现道歉或感到内疚的犯错者在未来被认为比那些没有回应的人更有道德。观察者认为，做错事的人与他们有共同的道德价值观，并致力于自我完善，这一看法介导了这些影响。此外，表达个人悔恨和责任的道歉和内部反思特别有效地促进了这样一种信念，即犯罪者和受害者应该和解。这项研究表明，在冒犯之后，道歉在培养道德恢复的认知方面起着重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Intersectional prejudice in context: Do naturalistic background images moderate implicit bias? 背景中的交叉偏见：自然主义背景图像是否会调节内隐偏见？

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104870

Christopher D. Petsko , Paul Connor

Intersectional stereotyping is a context-dependent phenomenon. For example, in some contexts, perceivers stereotype Black women specifically as Black women. In other contexts, perceivers stereotype Black women as Black more generally, or as women more generally. According to one recent model of stereotyping—the lens model—a factor that ought to sharpen perceivers' attention on race (more than gender) or on gender (more than race) is normative fit, or the extent to which a context itself is stereotypically associated with one social identity over another. The purpose of the present analysis was to test whether normative fit cues, operationalized in the form of background images against which targets are depicted, can indeed moderate patterns of implicit racial and gender prejudice. Toward this end, we conducted three experiments (two preliminary, one registered; total N = 1269) in which participants encountered intersectional targets either against background images that normatively fit the concept of race (e.g., a graffitied street corner), or against background images that did not (e.g., a gendered bathroom entryway). Surprisingly, we found no evidence that normative fit cues moderated the degree to which participants exhibited racial prejudice or gender prejudice. Collectively, these experiments suggest that perhaps normative fit cues in and of themselves are not psychologically powerful enough to augment lens salience. More practically, these experiments suggest that previously reported empirical findings—findings suggesting that implicit attitudes vary as a function of the background images against which targets are depicted—may no longer hold in contemporary samples of U.S. adults.

交叉刻板印象是一种情境依赖现象。例如，在某些情况下，感知者对黑人女性的刻板印象就是黑人女性。在其他情况下，感知者对黑人女性的刻板印象更普遍地是黑人，或者更普遍地是女性。根据最近的一个刻板印象模型——透镜模型——一个应该使感知者更加关注种族（多于性别）或性别（多于种族）的因素是规范契合，或者是一个环境本身与一种社会身份的刻板印象联系在一起的程度。本分析的目的是测试以描绘目标的背景图像形式运作的规范性契合线索是否确实可以缓和隐性种族和性别偏见的模式。为此，我们进行了三个实验（两个初步实验，一个注册实验，总N = 1269），在这些实验中，参与者要么遇到符合种族概念的背景图像（例如，涂鸦的街角），要么遇到不符合种族概念的背景图像（例如，性别卫生间入口通道）的交叉目标。令人惊讶的是，我们没有发现任何证据表明规范性的匹配线索会缓和参与者表现出的种族偏见或性别偏见的程度。总的来说，这些实验表明，也许规范的契合线索本身在心理上不足以增强晶状体的显著性。更实际的是，这些实验表明，先前报道的经验发现——表明内隐态度随着描绘目标的背景图像的功能而变化——可能不再适用于当代美国成年人的样本。

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