Intersectional stereotyping is a context-dependent phenomenon. For example, in some contexts, perceivers stereotype Black women specifically as Black women. In other contexts, perceivers stereotype Black women as Black more generally, or as women more generally. According to one recent model of stereotyping—the lens model—a factor that ought to sharpen perceivers' attention on race (more than gender) or on gender (more than race) is normative fit, or the extent to which a context itself is stereotypically associated with one social identity over another. The purpose of the present analysis was to test whether normative fit cues, operationalized in the form of background images against which targets are depicted, can indeed moderate patterns of implicit racial and gender prejudice. Toward this end, we conducted three experiments (two preliminary, one registered; total N = 1269) in which participants encountered intersectional targets either against background images that normatively fit the concept of race (e.g., a graffitied street corner), or against background images that did not (e.g., a gendered bathroom entryway). Surprisingly, we found no evidence that normative fit cues moderated the degree to which participants exhibited racial prejudice or gender prejudice. Collectively, these experiments suggest that perhaps normative fit cues in and of themselves are not psychologically powerful enough to augment lens salience. More practically, these experiments suggest that previously reported empirical findings—findings suggesting that implicit attitudes vary as a function of the background images against which targets are depicted—may no longer hold in contemporary samples of U.S. adults.
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