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The effect of tokenized rewards on customer loyalty programs 代币化奖励对客户忠诚度计划的影响
IF 10.4 1区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM
Annals of Tourism Research
Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2024.103851
Achilleas Boukis
This work investigates customer responses to the tokenization of hotel loyalty programs. Drawing on self-enhancement theory, Study 1 investigates the effect of reward type (i.e. control vs tokenized reward) on customers' perceptions of the reward (i.e. economic value, program attractiveness) and their behavioral intentions towards the hotel (i.e. switching intentions, recommendation intentions). Findings highlight reward novelty and psychological ownership as two mediators of the above relationships. Study 2 replicates these effects in a cryptocurrency owner context. Study 3 examines the effect of the hotel's type (i.e. luxury vs budget) on the reward type-customer responses relationship. We showcase that tokenized rewards generate a more favourable attitude towards loyalty programs and that they remain an effective customer acquisition strategy for high-end hotels.
本研究调查了顾客对酒店忠诚度计划代币化的反应。根据自我提升理论，研究 1 探讨了奖励类型（即控制奖励与代币化奖励）对顾客对奖励的感知（即经济价值、项目吸引力）以及顾客对酒店的行为意向（即转换意向、推荐意向）的影响。研究结果强调，奖励的新颖性和心理所有权是上述关系的两个中介。研究 2 在加密货币所有者的背景下复制了这些效果。研究 3 探讨了酒店类型（即豪华酒店与经济型酒店）对奖励类型-客户反应关系的影响。我们发现，代币化奖励会让顾客对忠诚度计划产生更多好感，对于高端酒店来说，代币化奖励仍然是一种有效的顾客获取策略。
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引用次数: 0
Human psychology as a driver of tourism development: The effect of regional personality traits 人类心理是旅游业发展的驱动力：地区个性特征的影响
IF 10.4 1区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM
Annals of Tourism Research
Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2024.103852
Yuan (William) Li , Yi Liu , Lisa C. Wan , Yingxin Lin
Theories of tourism development have traditionally emphasized resource-based factors. However, could the local population's psychological characteristics (e.g., personality) influence tourism development? This study, through the lens of geographical psychology, investigates the impact of regional Big-Five personality traits on tourism development in the UK from 2009 to 2018. Findings reveal that a region's psychological makeup matters for tourism. Specifically, regional Openness traits boost local tourism development, while Neuroticism traits inhibit tourism performance. Regional Agreeableness, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness traits show no significant effects. We provide causal evidence for these results through instrumental variable tests. Our work introduces a novel micro-psychological perspective to tourism development literature and urges policymakers to consider the local population's psychological characteristics for achieving competitive and sustainable tourism development.
旅游业发展理论历来强调资源因素。然而，当地居民的心理特征（如性格）是否会影响旅游业的发展？本研究通过地理心理学的视角，调查了 2009 年至 2018 年英国地区大五人格特质对旅游业发展的影响。研究结果表明，一个地区的心理构成对旅游业至关重要。具体而言，地区开放性特质会促进当地旅游业的发展，而神经质特质则会抑制旅游业的表现。地区性的 "宜人性"、"外向性 "和 "自觉性 "特征则没有显著影响。我们通过工具变量检验为这些结果提供了因果证据。我们的研究为旅游业发展文献引入了一个新颖的微观心理学视角，并敦促政策制定者考虑当地人口的心理特征，以实现具有竞争力的可持续旅游业发展。
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引用次数: 0
Large-scale tourism transformations through regeneration: A living systems perspective on tourism developments in Ukraine during the war 通过再生实现大规模旅游业转型：从生命系统的角度看战争期间乌克兰旅游业的发展
IF 10.4 1区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM
Annals of Tourism Research
Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2024.103856
Kristof Tomej , Iana Bilynets
This article investigates the complex changes in Ukraine's tourism system in the first year after Russia's full-scale military invasion from a living systems perspective. To capture the dynamic and multi-level changes that constitute a large-scale transformation, an interdisciplinary regeneration framework was used as a theoretical lens in a critical realist thematic analysis of Ukrainian online news media. The findings show how the Ukrainian tourism system transformed itself, in order to survive, changing both its structure and functions. The new functions extended beyond recreation to include humanitarian efforts, rehabilitation, community and nation building, which helped to establish tourism's essential and distinctive contribution to the country's larger social-ecological system. The empirical application of regeneration theory contributes to the knowledge of large-scale tourism transformations with patterns, such as scaling down for regrouping, strengthening of relationships with other systems, and the decentralised cumulative actions of small tourism actors.
本文从生命系统的角度研究了俄罗斯全面军事入侵后第一年乌克兰旅游系统的复杂变化。为了捕捉构成大规模转型的动态和多层次变化，在对乌克兰在线新闻媒体进行批判现实主义专题分析时，使用了跨学科再生框架作为理论视角。研究结果表明，为了生存，乌克兰旅游系统如何转变自身，改变其结构和功能。新的功能超出了休闲娱乐的范围，还包括人道主义努力、恢复、社区和国家建设，这有助于确立旅游业对该国更大的社会生态系统的重要而独特的贡献。再生理论的实证应用有助于了解大规模旅游业转型的模式，如缩小规模以重新组合、加强与其他系统的关系以及小型旅游业参与者的分散累积行动。
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引用次数: 0
The experience of migrant entrepreneurs in destinations: A cognitive dissonance perspective 移民企业家在目的地的经历：认知失调视角
IF 10.4 1区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM
Annals of Tourism Research
Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2024.103849
Lan Xue, Haitao Sun
While the experience of migrant entrepreneurs has been a well-studied topic in the tourism field, less attention has been paid to their evolving feelings and perceptions. In this study, we employed the theory of cognitive dissonance to guide a qualitative examination of the perceptions of being a guesthouse owner in Lijiang, China. We found that migrant guesthouse owners experienced cognitive dissonance between their actual feelings and their expected or desired way of living as migrant entrepreneurs. Those who managed to keep their status utilized a variety of strategies to resolve their feelings of dissonance. This study contributes to a better understanding of the experience of migrant entrepreneurs in tourist destinations and provides implications for both migrants and destination managers.
虽然农民工创业者的经历一直是旅游领域研究的热点，但对他们不断变化的感受和认知却关注较少。在本研究中，我们运用了认知失调理论，对中国丽江的民工旅店业主的认知进行了定性研究。我们发现，农民工旅店业主的实际感受与他们所期望或期望的农民工企业家生活方式之间存在认知失调。那些成功保住身份的人则利用各种策略来解决他们的不协调感。本研究有助于更好地理解移民企业家在旅游目的地的经历，并为移民和目的地管理者提供启示。
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引用次数: 0
‘Yanhuo Chi’: An everyday aesthetic tourism experience 盐火池日常美学旅游体验
IF 10.4 1区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM
Annals of Tourism Research
Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2024.103850
Jingjing Hu , Li Miao , Ting Jiang , Chunlin Chen
‘Yanhuo Chi’ (烟火气), rooted in Chinese culture, symbolizes the aesthetically rich atmosphere of everyday life. This study conceptualizes Yanhuo Chi as a unique everyday tourism experience, expanding the boundaries of the ‘everyday’ in Everyday Aesthetics to include non-routine settings like tourism. By integrating Eastern Living Aesthetics with Western Everyday Aesthetics, it enriches the discourse and challenges Western ideological frameworks in tourism aesthetics studies. The research also broadens borderline aesthetic experiences by identifying diverse aesthetic tensions within tourists' Yanhuo Chi experiences. This phenomenological exploration reveals how Yanhuo Chi offers a nuanced understanding of aesthetic experiences in tourism, contributing to a more inclusive and culturally diverse appreciation of everyday aesthetics.
植根于中国文化的 "烟火气 "象征着丰富的日常生活美学氛围。本研究将 "烟火气 "概念化为一种独特的日常旅游体验，将 "日常美学 "中 "日常 "的边界扩展到旅游等非日常环境中。通过将东方生活美学与西方日常美学相结合，该研究丰富了旅游美学研究的话语体系，并挑战了西方的意识形态框架。该研究还通过识别游客在盐湖城体验中的各种美学张力，拓宽了边界美学体验。这种现象学探索揭示了《延火池》如何为旅游审美体验提供了一种细致入微的理解，有助于对日常审美进行更具包容性和文化多样性的鉴赏。
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引用次数: 0
Tourism metagovernance and the role of the state: Insights from post-blast Beirut 旅游元治理与国家的作用：爆炸后贝鲁特的启示
IF 10.4 1区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM
Annals of Tourism Research
Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2024.103848
Nour El Alam , Arie Stoffelen , Leonieke Bolderman , Peter Groote
This paper examines the institutionalised interests and values that underpin tourism governance (i.e., tourism metagovernance), to explain why certain governance arrangements appear and how they function. We examined the redevelopment of Beirut's tourism-dependent Mar Mikhael and Gemmayze neighbourhoods in the aftermath of the 2020 port blast. The chaotic post-disaster setting reflected and amplified the ineffectiveness of the already existing, strongly intertwined, metagovernance of urban development and urban tourism in Beirut. The state's absence resulted in enhanced community vulnerability, uncoordinated donor-led disaster responses, and limited strategic rebuilding of tourism and cultural activities. Even when the state as a key governance intermediary is absent, its relational and institutional roles affect tourism metagovernance and, therefore, influence the resilience of tourism governance and development.
本文研究了支撑旅游业治理（即旅游业元治理）的制度化利益和价值观，以解释为什么会出现某些治理安排以及这些安排如何发挥作用。我们研究了贝鲁特在 2020 年港口爆炸事件后对依赖旅游业的 Mar Mikhael 和 Gemmayze 社区的重新开发。混乱的灾后环境反映并加剧了贝鲁特城市发展和城市旅游业之间业已存在的、紧密交织的元治理的无效性。国家的缺位导致社区更加脆弱，捐助方主导的救灾工作缺乏协调，旅游和文化活动的战略重建受到限制。即使国家作为关键的治理中介缺席，其关系和机构作用也会影响旅游业的元治理，从而影响旅游业治理和发展的复原力。
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引用次数: 0
Tourism-industrial atmosphere and executive change: How can they impact firms? - A mixed context analysis study 旅游-工业氛围和管理变革：它们如何影响企业？- 混合背景分析研究
IF 10.4 1区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM
Annals of Tourism Research
Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2024.103847
Hui Li, Xi-Zhuo Chen
The current context-turnover paradigm offers a theoretical understanding related to the influence of executive turnover, emphasizing the significance of the internal and physical factors. However, there is a lack of well-theorized and empirical evidence regarding the role of industrial atmosphere. We argue that tourism firms can time executive turnover to optimize its influence by referring to event-atmosphere context. We propose a context analytic approach to comprehensively investigate the aforementioned impacts, shaping an industrial context-turnover theory. Tourism firm performance after executive turnover is significantly moderated by the competitive and seasonal context of the tourism industry. Involuntary executive turnovers are particularly affected, compared to voluntary ones. Tourism-industrial atmosphere contributes significantly to foresee the consequence, and event-driven context forecasting accurately estimates the outcome.
当前的 "环境-离职 "范式提供了有关高管离职影响的理论认识，强调了内部因素和物理因素的重要性。然而，关于产业氛围的作用，目前还缺乏理论和实证证据。我们认为，旅游企业可以通过参考事件-氛围背景来确定高管流失的时间，以优化其影响。我们提出了一种情境分析方法来全面研究上述影响，形成了产业情境-高管更替理论。旅游企业高管离职后的绩效受到旅游业竞争和季节性环境的显著调节。与自愿离职相比，非自愿离职对高管的影响尤为明显。旅游产业氛围对预测结果有很大帮助，而事件驱动的环境预测则能准确估计结果。
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引用次数: 0
Online travel agency or blockchain-based platform? 在线旅行社还是基于区块链的平台？
IF 10.4 1区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM
Annals of Tourism Research
Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2024.103846
Guang-Xin Gao , Jian-Wu Bi
Online travel agency has been used by most hotels to attract customers. However, hefty commissions and unverified reviews reduce hotels' cooperation intentions. Armed with unique advantages, blockchain-based platforms with higher blockchain-adoption costs can alternatively offer peer-to-peer booking service. This paper investigates the hotels' choice strategies on online travel platforms, blockchain-adoption conditions, and effects of blockchain-based platform. The results show that marginal blockchain cost, commission rate and customers' perceived distrust value of online reviews have great influence on the hotels' decisions. Although blockchain-based platforms can create win-win situations for hotel(s) and customers, they are not widely available as it is considered imperfect and costly. Alarmingly, there exists an invalidation effect of online travel platforms in a competitive market, resulting in non-equilibrium.
在线旅行社已被大多数酒店用来吸引顾客。然而，高昂的佣金和未经验证的评论降低了酒店的合作意向。基于区块链的平台具有独特的优势，其区块链采用成本较高，可以替代性地提供点对点预订服务。本文研究了酒店对在线旅游平台的选择策略、区块链采用条件以及基于区块链平台的影响。结果表明，区块链边际成本、佣金率和顾客对在线评论的不信任感知值对酒店的决策有很大影响。尽管基于区块链的平台可以为酒店和顾客创造双赢局面，但由于其不完善且成本高昂，因此并未得到广泛应用。令人担忧的是，在线旅游平台在竞争市场中存在失效效应，从而导致非均衡。
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引用次数: 0
Reference-dependence in multi-destination choice: A heterogeneous reference point perspective 多目的地选择中的参照依赖性：异质参考点视角
IF 10.4 1区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM
Annals of Tourism Research
Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2024.103845
Jinah Park , Richard T.R. Qiu , Xiaoying Jiao , Haiyan Song
Destination choice in multi-destination trips is crucial for understanding tourists' preferences, predicting tourism demand and flow, and fostering collaborative opportunities between destinations. This study utilises prospect theory to examine how tourists select a stop within a multi-destination trip and to explore the role of other chosen stops' attributes as a reference point when tourists plan their itinerary. The results reveal dynamic perceptions of gains and losses relative to reference points that vary across individual characteristics and destination attributes. Additionally, heterogeneity is revealed in tourists' reference-dependent patterns, which can be categorised as immediate- and delayed-gratification reference dependencies. These findings contribute to the destination choice discourse by proposing new directions for comprehending tourists' heterogeneous reference dependencies and attitudes in sequential destination choices.
一程多站旅行中的目的地选择对于了解游客偏好、预测旅游需求和流量以及促进目的地之间的合作机会至关重要。本研究利用前景理论研究了游客如何在一程多站旅行中选择一站，并探讨了游客在规划行程时将其他所选站点的属性作为参考点的作用。研究结果表明，不同的个人特征和目的地属性会对相对于参考点的收益和损失产生不同的动态感知。此外，游客的参考依赖模式也存在异质性，可分为即时满足参考依赖和延迟满足参考依赖。这些发现为理解游客在顺序目的地选择中的异质性参考依赖和态度提出了新的方向，从而为目的地选择的讨论做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
The emergence of authenticity: Phases of tourist experience 真实性的出现：游客体验的各个阶段
IF 10.4 1区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM
Annals of Tourism Research
Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2024.103844
Jillian Rickly, Brendan Canavan
Using the philosophy of critical realism, this article conceptualizes authenticity as a process of emergence to address the question: What makes authenticity possible? This envisions distinct authenticity phases, which are episodic, non-linear, and porous, accompanied by external triggers and internal processes that manifest before, during, and after travel, as perceived in relation to or activated by tourist experiences. Thus, pre-, proto-, in-situ, and post-authenticity phases are outlined and supported by current literature. In doing so, this article situates our current thinking about authenticity, which often foregrounds in-situ experience, within a broader understanding of its relationality to our social worlds beyond destinations. Finally, this approach offers new research avenues that emphasise the on-going emergent nature of authenticity over time.
本文运用批判现实主义哲学，将真实性概念化为一个产生过程，以解决这个问题：是什么让真实性成为可能？它设想了不同的真实性阶段，这些阶段是偶发的、非线性的和多孔的，伴随着外部触发因素和内部过程，在旅行前、旅行中和旅行后表现出来，与游客体验相关或被游客体验激活。因此，本文概述了真实性的前阶段、前阶段、原地阶段和后阶段，并得到了现有文献的支持。在此过程中，本文将我们目前对真实性的思考（通常强调原地体验）置于对其与目的地以外的社会世界的关系的更广泛理解之中。最后，这种方法提供了新的研究途径，强调了真实性随着时间的推移而不断出现的性质。
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引用次数: 0
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