Cognition最新文献_第6页

Uncovering the latent structure of human time perception 揭示人类时间感知的潜在结构

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106078

Renata Sadibolova , Curtis Widmer , Zoe Fletcher , Soraya Weill , Devin B. Terhune

One of the ongoing controversies in interval timing concerns whether human time perception relies on multiple distinct mechanisms. This debate centres around whether subsecond and suprasecond timing may be attributed to a single semi-uniform timing system or separate and interacting cognitive systems. Whereas past studies offer valuable insights, this study overcomes previous limitations by adopting multiple convergent statistical approaches in a design with strong statistical power. We conducted two online experiments involving participants reproducing temporal intervals ranging from 400 to 2400 ms (Experiment 1; N = 302) and 1000 to 2000 ms (Experiment 2; N = 302). We contrasted the application of exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling to differentiate distinct latent structures underlying duration reproduction patterns. Additionally, we compared the model outcomes with results from changepoint analysis models fitted to individual participants' data. In both experiments, these analyses yielded evidence for a two-factor model comprising a general timing factor spanning the full interval range and a second factor capturing the regression to the mean of presented stimulus intervals (central tendency bias). We observed a low proportion of detected changepoints, further supporting the limited evidence for a hypothesized discontinuity between distinct underlying systems, while also finding that changepoint detection patterns were predicted by latent factor scores. These results suggest that the central tendency bias should be considered when investigating potential discontinuities in interval timing systems. Our work contributes to the integration of factor analytic and computational modelling approaches in the study of time perception and has implications for the measurement and interpretation of interval timing in a range of contexts.

在间隔计时中，一个持续存在的争议是关于人类的时间感知是否依赖于多种不同的机制。这场争论的中心是亚秒和超秒计时是否可以归因于一个单一的半均匀计时系统或独立的和相互作用的认知系统。尽管过去的研究提供了有价值的见解，但本研究通过在具有强大统计能力的设计中采用多种收敛统计方法，克服了以前的局限性。我们进行了两个在线实验，让参与者重现400 - 2400 ms的时间间隔(实验1；N = 302)和1000 ~ 2000 ms(实验2；n = 302)。我们对比了探索性因子分析和结构方程模型的应用，以区分不同的潜在结构的持续繁殖模式。此外，我们将模型结果与适应个体参与者数据的变化点分析模型的结果进行了比较。在这两个实验中，这些分析为一个双因素模型提供了证据，该模型包括一个跨越整个区间的一般时间因素，以及一个捕捉到呈现的刺激区间的均值回归的第二个因素（集中趋势偏差）。我们观察到检测到的变化点的比例很低，进一步支持了不同底层系统之间假设不连续性的有限证据，同时也发现变化点检测模式是由潜在因素评分预测的。这些结果表明，在研究区间定时系统的潜在不连续时，应考虑集中趋势偏差。我们的工作有助于在时间感知研究中整合因素分析和计算建模方法，并对一系列背景下间隔时间的测量和解释产生影响。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the timecourses of morpho-orthographic, lexical, and grammatical processing following rapid parallel visual presentation: An EEG investigation in English 评估快速平行视觉呈现后词法正字法、词汇和语法处理的时间进程：英语脑电图调查

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106080

Donald Dunagan , Tyson Jordan , John T. Hale , Liina Pylkkänen , Dustin A. Chacón

Theories of language processing – and typical experimental methodologies – emphasize the word-by-word processing of sentences. This paradigm is good for approximating speech or careful text reading, but arguably, not for the common, cursory glances used while reading short sentences (e.g., cellphone notifications, social media posts). How can we interpret a sentence in a single glance? In an electroencephalography (EEG) study, brain responses to grammatical sentences (the dogs chase a ball) presented for 200 ms diverged from non-lexical consonant strings (thj rjxb zkhtb w lhct) ∼160 ms post-sentence onset and from scrambled constructions (a dogs chase ball the) ∼250 ms post-sentence onset, demonstrating – at different time points – rapid recognition and cursory analysis of linguistic stimuli. In the grammatical sentences, unigram probability correlated with EEG data ∼150–300 ms post-sentence onset, and probability of the word given its context estimated by BERT correlated with EEG data after ∼700–800 ms. EEG responses did not diverge between grammatical sentences and their counterparts with ungrammatical agreement (the dogs chases a ball), although EEG responses did diverge for plural vs. singular morphology at ∼200 ms. These results suggest that ‘at-a-glance’ reading is possible, based on coactivation of individual lexical items, morphological structures, and constituent structure at ∼200-300 ms, but that words are not integrated into a coherent syntactic/semantic analysis, as evidenced by the substantially later responses to BERT probability and the absence of sensitivity to agreement errors.

语言处理理论——以及典型的实验方法——强调对句子的逐字处理。这种模式适用于近似语音或仔细阅读文本，但对于阅读短句（例如，手机通知、社交媒体帖子）时常见的粗略扫视并不适用。我们怎么能一眼就看懂一个句子呢？在一项脑电图（EEG）研究中，大脑对语法句子（狗追球）的反应在200毫秒内出现，从非词汇辅音字符串（thj rjxb zkhtb w lhct）到句子开始后160毫秒，以及从混乱结构（狗追球）到句子开始后250毫秒，在不同的时间点显示出对语言刺激的快速识别和粗略分析。在语法句子中，单图概率与句子开始后150-300 ms的EEG数据相关，BERT估计的给定上下文的单词概率与700-800 ms后的EEG数据相关。脑电图反应在语法一致的句子和非语法一致的句子（狗追球）之间没有差异，尽管脑电图反应在200 ms时复数和单数形态确实存在差异。这些结果表明，在200-300毫秒的时间内，基于单个词汇项、形态结构和组成结构的共同激活，“一眼”阅读是可能的，但单词没有被整合到连贯的句法/语义分析中，这一点可以从BERT概率的较晚反应和对一致性错误缺乏敏感性得到证明。

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引用次数: 0

Incremental processing in a polysynthetic language (Murrinhpatha) 多合成语言中的增量处理（Murrinhpatha）

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106075

Laurence Bruggeman , Evan Kidd , Rachel Nordlinger , Anne Cutler

Language processing is rapidly incremental, but evidence bearing upon this assumption comes from very few languages. In this paper we report on a study of incremental processing in Murrinhpatha, a polysynthetic Australian language, which expresses complex sentence-level meanings in a single verb, the full meaning of which is not clear until the final morph. Forty native Murrinhpatha speakers participated in a visual world eyetracking experiment in which they viewed two complex scenes as they heard a verb describing one of the scenes. The scenes were selected so that the verb describing the target scene had either no overlap with a possible description of the competitor image, or overlapped from the start (onset overlap) or at the end of the verb (rhyme overlap). The results showed that, despite meaning only being clear at the end of the verb, Murrinhpatha speakers made incremental predictions that differed across conditions. The findings demonstrate that processing in polysynthetic languages is rapid and incremental, yet unlike in commonly studied languages like English, speakers make parsing predictions based on information associated with bound morphs rather than discrete words.

语言处理是快速递增的，但支持这一假设的证据来自很少的语言。在本文中，我们报告了Murrinhpatha的增量加工研究，Murrinhpatha是一种多合成的澳大利亚语言，它在一个动词中表达复杂的句子级含义，直到最后的变形才清楚其完整含义。40名说Murrinhpatha语的人参加了一项视觉世界眼球追踪实验，在实验中，他们一边看两个复杂的场景，一边听一个描述其中一个场景的动词。在选择场景时，描述目标场景的动词要么与竞争者图像的可能描述没有重叠，要么从动词的开始部分（开始部分重叠）或结尾部分（押韵部分重叠）重叠。结果表明，尽管只有在动词的末尾才有明确的意思，但说Murrinhpatha的人在不同的情况下做出了不同的增量预测。研究结果表明，多合成语言的处理是快速和渐进的，但与英语等常用语言不同的是，说话者根据与固定词形相关的信息而不是离散的单词进行解析预测。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of rhythm on visual attention disengagement in newborns and 2-month-old infants 节奏对新生儿和2月龄婴儿视觉注意脱离的影响

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106077

Martina Arioli , Valentina Silvestri , Maria Lorella Giannì , Lorenzo Colombo , Viola Macchi Cassia

Rhythm entrains attention in both human and non-human animals. Here, the ontogenetic origins of this effect were investigated in newborns (Experiment 1; N = 30, 16 females) and 2-month-old infants (Experiment 2; N = 30, 17 females). Visuospatial attentional disengagement was tested in an overlap task where a static peripheral stimulus (S2) appeared while a central rhythmic, non-rhythmic or static stimulus (S1) remained visible on the screen. Results indicated a developmental pattern, with 2-month-olds, but not newborns, showing equally faster disengagement of fixation when S1 was static or rhythmic compared to non-rhythmic. Infants' preferential looking behaviour indicate that this difference in saccadic latencies was not due to stimulus salience (Experiment 3; N = 30, 18 females). Results point to the importance of the temporal structure of dynamic stimuli as a specific feature that modulates attentional disengagement at 2 months of age.

无论是人类还是非人类动物，节奏都能吸引注意力。本文在新生儿中研究了这种效应的个体发生起源(实验1；N = 30,16名女性)和2月龄婴儿(实验2；N = 30,17名女性)。在一个重叠任务中测试了视觉空间注意力脱离，其中静态外围刺激（S2）出现，而中心节奏、非节奏或静态刺激（S1）仍然在屏幕上可见。结果表明，2个月大的婴儿，而不是新生儿，在S1静止或有节奏时，与非有节奏时相比，同样更快地脱离固定。婴儿的优先注视行为表明，这种跳眼潜伏期的差异不是由刺激显著性引起的(实验3；N = 30,18名女性)。结果表明，动态刺激的时间结构作为一个特定的特征，在2个月大时调节注意力脱离的重要性。

引用次数: 0

Exploring power-law behavior in human gaze shifts across tasks and populations 探索人类凝视在不同任务和人群中的幂律行为

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106079

Thomas Fabian

Visual perception is an integral part of human cognition. Vision comprises sampling information and processing them. Tasks and stimuli influence human sampling behavior, while cognitive and neurological processing mechanisms remain unchanged. A question still controversial today is whether the components interact with each other. Some theories see the components of visual cognition as separate and their influence on gaze behavior as additive. Others see gaze behavior as an emergent structure of visual cognition that emerges through multiplicative interactions. One way to approach this problem is to examine the magnitude of gaze shifts. Demonstrating that gaze shifts show a constant behavior across tasks would argue for the existence of an independent component in human visual behavior. However, studies attempting to generally describe gaze shift magnitudes deliver contradictory results. In this work, we analyze data from numerous experiments to advance the debate on visual cognition by providing a more comprehensive view of visual behavior. The data show that the magnitude of eye movements, also called saccades, cannot be described by a consistent distribution across different experiments. However, we also propose a new way of measuring the magnitude of saccades: relative saccade lengths. We find that a saccade's length relative to the preceding saccade's length consistently follows a power-law distribution. We observe this distribution for all datasets we analyze, regardless of the task, stimulus, age, or native language of the participants. Our results indicate the existence of an independent component utilized by other cognitive processes without interacting with them. This suggests that a part of human visual cognition is based on an additive component that does not depend on stimulus features.

视觉感知是人类认知的重要组成部分。视觉包括对信息的采样和处理。任务和刺激影响人类的采样行为，而认知和神经处理机制保持不变。一个至今仍有争议的问题是这些组件是否相互作用。一些理论认为视觉认知的组成部分是独立的，它们对凝视行为的影响是附加的。另一些人则认为凝视行为是一种视觉认知的新兴结构，它是通过多重互动出现的。解决这个问题的一种方法是研究目光转移的幅度。证明凝视的转移在不同的任务中表现出一种恒定的行为，将证明人类视觉行为中存在一种独立的成分。然而，试图一般描述凝视移动幅度的研究得出了相互矛盾的结果。在这项工作中，我们分析了来自众多实验的数据，通过提供更全面的视觉行为视图来推进视觉认知的辩论。数据显示，眼球运动（也称为扫视）的幅度不能通过不同实验中的一致分布来描述。然而，我们也提出了一种新的测量眼跳大小的方法：相对眼跳长度。我们发现一个眼跳的长度相对于前一个眼跳的长度始终遵循幂律分布。我们在分析的所有数据集中观察到这种分布，无论参与者的任务、刺激、年龄或母语如何。我们的结果表明，存在一个独立的组件利用其他认知过程，而不与他们相互作用。这表明人类视觉认知的一部分是基于不依赖于刺激特征的附加成分。

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引用次数: 0

Altercentric bias in preverbal infants' encoding of object kind 言语前婴儿客体种类编码中的互心偏差。

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106074

Dora Kampis, Dimitrios Askitis, Victoria Southgate

Human infants may exhibit an altercentric bias, where the perspective of others biases their own cognition. This bias may serve a crucial learning function in early ontogeny. This work tested the two main predictions of an altercentric bias in 14-month-old infants: (i) conceptual information should also be encoded altercentrically, and (ii) the other's perspective may completely override infants' own processing. We probed if infants detect a semantic mismatch if hidden objects are labelled incorrectly from their own, or another person's perspective. Experiment 1 found a reduced electrophysiological mismatch response (the ‘N400’ event-related potential) when labeling was congruent from the other's perspective compared to incongruent, though it was always incongruent for the infant. Experiment 2 found no effect of (in)congruency from the infants' perspective when labeling was always congruent from the other's. These findings demonstrate a strong altercentric bias that prioritizes encoding conceptual information from others' perspective during early development.

人类婴儿可能会表现出一种另类中心偏见，即他人的观点会影响他们自己的认知。这种偏见可能在早期个体发育中起着至关重要的学习作用。本研究在14个月大的婴儿中测试了关于替代中心偏见的两个主要预测：(i)概念信息也应该以替代中心的方式编码，（ii）他人的观点可能完全凌驾于婴儿自己的处理。我们研究了婴儿是否能从他们自己或其他人的角度发现隐藏的物体被错误地标记为语义不匹配。实验1发现，与不一致的标签相比，当从他人的角度来看标签是一致的时，电生理不匹配反应（“N400”事件相关电位）减少，尽管婴儿总是不一致的。实验2发现，当标签总是与他人一致时，从婴儿的角度来看，一致性没有影响。这些发现证明了一种强烈的替代中心偏见，在早期发展中优先考虑从他人的角度编码概念信息。

引用次数: 0

Rational choices elicit stronger sense of agency in brain and behavior 理性选择在大脑和行为中引发更强的代理感。

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106062

Mustafa Yavuz , Sofia Bonicalzi , Laura Schmitz , Lucas Battich , Jamal Esmaily , Ophelia Deroy

The sense of agency is the subjective feeling of control over one's own actions and the associated outcomes. Here, we asked whether and to what extent the reasons behind our choices (operationalized by value differences, expected utility, and counterfactual option sets) drive our sense of agency. We simultaneously tested these three dimensions during a novel value-based decision-making task while recording explicit (self-reported) and implicit (brain signals) measures of agency. Our results show that choices that are more reasonable also come with a stronger sense of agency: humans report higher levels of control over the outcomes of their actions if (1) they were able to choose between different option values compared to randomly picking between options of identical value, (2) their choices maximizes utility (compared to otherwise) and yields higher than expected utility, and (3) they realize that they have not missed out on hidden opportunities. EEG results showed supporting evidence for factors (1) and (3): We found a higher P300 amplitude for picking than choosing and a higher Late-Positive Component when participants realized they had missed out on possible but hidden opportunities. Together, these results suggest that human agency is not only driven by the goal-directedness of our actions but also by their perceived rationality.

能动性是指对自己的行为及其相关结果进行控制的主观感觉。在这里，我们询问我们选择背后的原因（通过价值差异、预期效用和反事实选项集进行操作）是否以及在多大程度上驱动我们的代理感。我们在一个新的基于价值的决策任务中同时测试了这三个维度，同时记录了显性（自我报告）和隐性（大脑信号）的代理措施。我们的研究结果表明，更合理的选择也伴随着更强的代理意识：如果(1)他们能够在不同的选项值之间进行选择，而不是在相同值的选项中随机选择，(2)他们的选择最大化了效用（与其他情况相比）并产生了高于预期的效用，(3)他们意识到他们没有错过隐藏的机会，人类报告对其行为结果的控制水平更高。脑电图结果显示了支持因素(1)和(3)的证据：我们发现，当参与者意识到他们错过了可能但隐藏的机会时，拾取的P300振幅比选择的P300振幅更高，并且后期积极成分更高。总之，这些结果表明，人类能动性不仅受到我们行动的目标导向的驱动，还受到他们感知到的合理性的驱动。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental evidence that exerting effort increases meaning 实验证明，付出努力会增加意义。

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106065

Aidan V. Campbell , Yiyi Wang , Michael Inzlicht

Efficiency demands that we work smarter and not harder, but is this better for our wellbeing? Here, we ask if exerting effort on a task can increase feelings of meaning and purpose. In six studies (N = 2883), we manipulated how much effort participants exerted on a task and then assessed how meaningful they found those tasks. In Studies 1 and 2, we presented hypothetical scenarios whereby participants imagined themselves (or others) exerting more or less effort on a writing task, and then asked participants how much meaning they believed they (or others) would derive. In Study 3, we randomly assigned participants to complete inherently meaningless tasks that were harder or easier to complete, and again asked them how meaningful they found the tasks. Study 4 varied the difficulty of a writing assignment by involving or excluding ChatGPT assistance and evaluated its meaningfulness. Study 5 investigated cognitive dissonance as a potential explanatory mechanism. In Study 6, we tested the shape of the effort-meaning relationship. In all studies, the more effort participants exerted (or imagined exerting), the more meaning they derived (or imagined deriving), though the results of Study 6 show this is only up to a point. These studies suggest a causal link, whereby effort begets feelings of meaning. They also suggest that part of the reason this link exists is that effort begets feeling of competence and mastery, although the evidence is preliminary and inconsistent. We found no evidence the effects were caused by post-hoc effort justification (i.e., cognitive dissonance). Effort, beyond being a mere cost, is a source of personal meaning and value, fundamentally influencing how individuals and observers perceive and derive satisfaction from tasks.

效率要求我们更聪明地工作，而不是更努力地工作，但这对我们的健康有益吗？在这里，我们要问的是，在一项任务上付出努力是否能增加意义和目的感。在六项研究中（N = 2883），我们控制了参与者在一项任务上付出的努力，然后评估他们对这些任务的意义。在研究1和2中，我们提出了假设的场景，让参与者想象自己（或他人）在写作任务上付出或多或少的努力，然后问参与者他们认为自己（或他人）会得到多少意义。在研究3中，我们随机分配参与者完成本质上毫无意义的任务，这些任务比较难或比较容易完成，并再次询问他们觉得这些任务有多有意义。研究4通过使用或不使用ChatGPT辅助来改变写作作业的难度，并评估其意义。研究5探讨了认知失调作为潜在的解释机制。在研究6中，我们测试了努力-意义关系的形状。在所有的研究中，参与者付出的努力越多（或想象付出的努力），他们得到的意义就越多（或想象得到的意义），尽管研究6的结果表明这只是在一定程度上。这些研究表明了一种因果关系，即努力产生意义感。他们还认为，这种联系存在的部分原因是，努力会产生能力和精通的感觉，尽管证据是初步的和不一致的。我们没有发现任何证据表明这些影响是由事后努力辩护（即认知失调）引起的。努力不仅仅是一种成本，也是个人意义和价值的来源，从根本上影响个人和观察者如何看待任务并从任务中获得满足感。

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引用次数: 0

An experimental test of epistemic vigilance: Competitive incentives increase dishonesty and reduce social influence 认知警惕性的实验测试：竞争激励增加不诚实和减少社会影响。

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106066

Robin Watson , Thomas J.H. Morgan

Cultural evolutionary theory has shown that social learning is adaptive across a broad range of conditions. While existing theory can account for why some social information is ignored, humans frequently under-utilise beneficial social information in experimental settings. One account of this is epistemic vigilance, whereby individuals avoid social information that is likely to be untrustworthy, though few experiments have directly tested this. We addressed this using a two-player online experiment where participants completed the same task in series. Player one provided social information for player two in the form of freely offered advice or their actual answer (termed “spying”). We manipulated the payoff structure of the task such that it had either a cooperative, competitive, or neutral incentive. As predicted, we found that under a competitive payoff structure: (i) player one was more likely to provide dishonest advice; and (ii) player two reduced their use of social information. Also, (iii) spied information was more influential than advice, and (iv) player two chose to spy rather than receive advice when offered the choice. Unexpectedly, the ability to choose between advice and spied information increased social influence. Finally, exploratory analyses found that the most trusting participants preferred to receive advice, while the least trusting participants favoured receiving no social information at all. Overall, our experiment supports the hypothesis that humans both use and provide social information strategically in a manner consistent with epistemic vigilance.

文化进化理论表明，社会学习在广泛的条件下具有适应性。虽然现有的理论可以解释为什么一些社会信息被忽视，但在实验环境中，人类经常没有充分利用有益的社会信息。对此的一种解释是认知警惕性，即个人避免可能不可信的社会信息，尽管很少有实验直接测试过这一点。我们通过一个双人在线实验来解决这个问题，参与者依次完成相同的任务。玩家1以免费提供建议或实际答案的形式向玩家2提供社交信息（称为“间谍”）。我们操纵了任务的回报结构，使其具有合作、竞争或中立的激励。正如预测的那样，我们发现在竞争性回报结构下：(1)玩家1更有可能提供不诚实的建议；第二，玩家2减少了他们对社交信息的使用。此外，（iii）间谍信息比建议更有影响力，（iv）当提供选择时，玩家2选择间谍而不是接受建议。出乎意料的是，在建议和间谍信息之间做出选择的能力增加了社会影响力。最后，探索性分析发现，最信任的参与者更喜欢接受建议，而最不信任的参与者则喜欢根本不接受社会信息。总的来说，我们的实验支持这样一个假设，即人类以一种与认知警惕一致的方式战略性地使用和提供社会信息。

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引用次数: 0

Neural specialization for ‘visual’ concepts emerges in the absence of vision “视觉”概念的神经专门化在没有视觉的情况下出现。

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.106058

Miriam Hauptman , Giulia Elli , Rashi Pant , Marina Bedny

The ‘different-body/different-concepts hypothesis’ central to some embodiment theories proposes that the sensory capacities of our bodies shape the cognitive and neural basis of our concepts. We tested this hypothesis by comparing behavioral semantic similarity judgments and neural signatures (fMRI) of ‘visual’ categories (‘living things,’ or animals, e.g., tiger, and light events, e.g., sparkle) across congenitally blind (n = 21) and sighted (n = 22) adults. Words referring to ‘visual’ entities/nouns and events/verbs (animals and light events) were compared to less vision-dependent categories from the same grammatical class (animal vs. place nouns, light vs. sound, mouth, and hand verbs). Within-category semantic similarity judgments about animals (e.g., sparrow vs. finch) were partially different across groups, consistent with the idea that sighted people rely on visually learned information to make such judgments about animals. However, robust neural specialization for living things in temporoparietal semantic networks, including in the precuneus, was observed in blind and sighted people alike. For light events, which are directly accessible only through vision, behavioral judgments were indistinguishable across groups. Neural responses to light events were also similar across groups: in both blind and sighted people, the left middle temporal gyrus (LMTG+) responded more to event concepts, including light events, compared to entity concepts. Multivariate patterns of neural activity in LMTG+ distinguished among different event types, including light events vs. other event types. In sum, we find that neural signatures of concepts previously attributed to visual experience do not require vision. Across a wide range of semantic types, conceptual representations develop independent of sensory experience.

“不同的身体/不同的概念假说”是一些具体化理论的核心，它提出我们身体的感觉能力塑造了我们概念的认知和神经基础。我们通过比较先天失明（n = 21）和视力正常（n = 22）的成年人的“视觉”类别（“生物”或动物，如老虎和光事件，如闪光）的行为语义相似性判断和神经特征（fMRI）来验证这一假设。将涉及“视觉”实体/名词和事件/动词（动物和光事件）的单词与来自同一语法类的视觉依赖性较低的类别（动物与地方名词、光与声音、嘴和手动词）进行比较。关于动物的类别内语义相似性判断（例如，麻雀与雀）在不同群体中部分不同，这与视力正常的人依靠视觉学习信息对动物做出这种判断的观点是一致的。然而，在包括楔前叶在内的颞顶叶语义网络中，对生物的强大的神经专门化在盲人和视力正常的人中都被观察到。对于只能通过视觉直接接触的轻微事件，不同组的行为判断是无法区分的。对光事件的神经反应在各组之间也相似：在盲人和正常人中，与实体概念相比，左颞中回（LMTG+）对事件概念（包括光事件）的反应更多。LMTG+的多变量神经活动模式在不同的事件类型中有所区别，包括轻事件与其他事件类型。总之，我们发现以前归于视觉经验的概念的神经特征不需要视觉。在广泛的语义类型中，概念表征独立于感官经验而发展。

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引用次数: 0