Cognition最新文献_第7页

Statistical learning and individual differences in language abilities: A structural equation modelling study on the mediating roles of perceptual speed, working memory, and cognitive control 统计学习与语言能力的个体差异：知觉速度、工作记忆和认知控制中介作用的结构方程模型研究。

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106356

Ágnes Lukács , Bálint József Ugrin , Krisztina Sára Lukics

Language acquisition and processing rely on a dynamic network of cognitive abilities, where various mechanisms interact to support the recognition, integration, and application of linguistic patterns. Previous research has largely focused on the dual relationships between statistical learning and language abilities, or between core cognitive functions (perceptual speed, working memory, cognitive control) and linguistic abilities, leaving their combined interaction underexplored. To address this gap, this study investigates how statistical learning—a process that enables individuals to detect patterns in language—relates to linguistic abilities and the extent to which core cognitive functions contribute to this relationship. We assessed a large sample of 608 Hungarian speakers (ages 14 to 92) on multiple tasks measuring statistical learning (speech segmentation, artificial grammar learning), linguistic performance (grammatical sensitivity, pragmatic comprehension, semantic prediction, violation processing, and reading efficiency), and core cognitive abilities (perceptual speed, working memory, cognitive control). Structural equation modelling revealed significant small to moderate relationships between statistical learning and language abilities, with offline statistical learning tasks predicting linguistic performance better than online measures (which assess statistical learning in real time). Importantly, core cognitive abilities, especially perceptual speed and working memory, consistently mediated the relationship between statistical learning and language processing, revealing the interconnected dynamics between these functions. These results support the notion that while statistical learning contributes to individual differences in language abilities, its effect is partially explained by core cognitive mechanisms implicated in both statistical learning and language processing. The findings highlight the complexity of language acquisition and processing, and underscore the need for further investigation into the mediating role of other cognitive factors.

语言习得和加工依赖于一个动态的认知能力网络，在这个网络中，各种机制相互作用以支持语言模式的识别、整合和应用。以前的研究主要集中在统计学习和语言能力之间的双重关系，或者核心认知功能（知觉速度、工作记忆、认知控制）和语言能力之间的双重关系，而没有对它们的综合相互作用进行充分的探索。为了解决这一差距，本研究调查了统计学习（一种使个人能够检测语言模式的过程）与语言能力的关系，以及核心认知功能在多大程度上促成了这种关系。我们对608名匈牙利语使用者（14岁至92岁）进行了多项测试，包括统计学习（语音分割、人工语法学习）、语言表现（语法敏感性、语用理解、语义预测、违例处理和阅读效率）和核心认知能力（感知速度、工作记忆、认知控制）。结构方程模型揭示了统计学习和语言能力之间存在显著的小到中等的关系，离线统计学习任务比在线测量（实时评估统计学习）更能预测语言表现。重要的是，核心认知能力，特别是知觉速度和工作记忆，始终介导了统计学习和语言处理之间的关系，揭示了这些功能之间的相互关联动态。这些结果支持这样一种观点，即虽然统计学习有助于语言能力的个体差异，但其影响部分可以通过涉及统计学习和语言处理的核心认知机制来解释。这些发现突出了语言习得和加工的复杂性，并强调了进一步研究其他认知因素的中介作用的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Chance neglect in performance judgments 在业绩判断中忽视机会。

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106375

Ze Hong , Joseph Henrich

Humans often struggle to incorporate chance information into performance evaluations. Across diverse samples in China and the United States (total N = 1387), we show that people systematically misperceive or ignore chance-level success rates when judging the efficacy of technological practices. Using scenarios where chance performance is objectively known (e.g., ∼50 % success rate for fetal sex prediction), we find that (1) many participants underestimate the success achievable by random guessing, (2) even when they accurately recognize chance-level information, they often fail to use it as a baseline for evaluating expert predictions, and (3) this “chance neglect” is especially pronounced in performance-related judgments. These findings highlight a cognitive bias that may contribute to the persistence of ineffective technologies across societies.

人们常常难以将机会信息纳入绩效评估。在中国和美国的不同样本中（总N = 1387），我们发现人们在判断技术实践的有效性时系统性地误解或忽略了机会水平的成功率。使用客观知道机会表现的场景（例如，胎儿性别预测的成功率约为50%），我们发现(1)许多参与者低估了随机猜测可以实现的成功，(2)即使他们准确地识别机会水平信息，他们也经常不能将其作为评估专家预测的基线，并且(3)这种“机会忽视”在与表现相关的判断中特别明显。这些发现强调了一种认知偏见，这种偏见可能导致无效技术在整个社会中持续存在。

引用次数: 0

Abstract representations underlie rhythm perception and production: Evidence from a probabilistic model of temporal structure 抽象表征是节奏感知和产生的基础：来自时间结构概率模型的证据

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106345

Fleur L. Bouwer , Atser Damsma , Thomas M. Kaplan , Mohsen Ghorashi Sarvestani , Marcus T. Pearce

Rhythm, such as in music, contains structure in the form of rhythmic patterns: the more or less predictable successions of longer and shorter intervals (i.e., the “morse code” of the rhythm). Listeners can use rhythmic patterns to predict the timing of sounds and guide their perception and action. It is still unclear how rhythmic patterns are represented in the human mind. Here, we used a probabilistic model of auditory expectations to simulate the perception and production of rhythmic patterns. We modelled expectations in rhythmic sequences at three different levels of abstraction: as the predictability of absolute inter-onset intervals (IOI), ratios between successive intervals (ratio), and the direction of change of successive intervals (contour). Subsequently, we selected rhythms that varied maximally in their modelled predictability across the three levels of abstraction for three behavioral tasks: a target detection task in which the rhythm was not task-relevant (implicit task), a complexity rating task (explicit task), and a tapping task (motor task). We found that both ratio and contour affected behavioral responses across all tasks, with the largest effects in the explicit rating task. IOI only affected responses for the explicit and motor tasks, where the rhythm was task-relevant, and to a greater extent when an imprecise, categorical representation of IOI was assumed. These findings suggest that humans rely mostly on imprecise representations of rhythmic patterns, but may flexibly adapt their representation based on task demands.

节奏，例如在音乐中，包含节奏模式形式的结构：或多或少可预测的较长或较短间隔的连续（即节奏的“莫尔斯电码”）。听众可以使用节奏模式来预测声音的时间，并指导他们的感知和行动。目前还不清楚节奏模式是如何在人类大脑中表现出来的。在这里，我们使用听觉期望的概率模型来模拟节奏模式的感知和产生。我们在三个不同的抽象层次上对节奏序列的期望进行建模：绝对起始间隔（IOI）的可预测性、连续间隔之间的比率（ratio）和连续间隔变化的方向（contour）。随后，我们在三个行为任务中选择了在三个抽象层次上模型可预测性变化最大的节奏：节奏与任务无关的目标检测任务（内隐任务）、复杂性评定任务（外显任务）和敲击任务（运动任务）。我们发现，比例和轮廓对所有任务的行为反应都有影响，其中显性评分任务的影响最大。IOI仅影响外显任务和运动任务的反应，其中节奏与任务相关，并且在更大程度上，当假设IOI的不精确，分类表征时。这些发现表明，人类主要依赖于节奏模式的不精确表征，但可以根据任务需求灵活地调整他们的表征。

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引用次数: 0

Memory for repeated auditory textures 记忆重复的听觉纹理

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106350

Berfin Bastug , Vani G. Rajendran , Roberta Bianco , Trevor Agus , Maria Chait , Daniel Pressnitzer

Even though memory plays a pervasive role in perception, the nature of the memory traces left by past sounds is still largely mysterious. Here, we probed the memory for natural auditory textures. For such stochastic sounds, two types of representations have been put forward: a representation based on sets of temporally local features, or a representation based on time-averaged summary statistics. We synthesized naturalistic texture exemplars and used them in an implicit memory paradigm based on repetition, previously shown to induce rapid learning for artificial sounds such as white noise. Results were similar for artificial and natural sounds, exhibiting a general trend for a decrease in repetition detection performance with increasing exemplar duration, although with some variation depending on texture type. This trend could be captured by a summary statistics model, but also by a new model based on the random sampling of temporally local features. Moreover, repeated exposure to a same natural texture or artificial noise exemplar systematically induced a performance gain, which was comparable across all sound types and exemplar durations. Thus, natural texture exemplars were amenable to learning when repeated exposure was available. The findings are consistent with two interpretations: the existence of a special processing mode when acoustic repetition is involved, to which natural textures are not immune, or a convergence of the local features versus summary statistics descriptions if a continuum of time scales is considered for auditory representations.

尽管记忆在感知中起着无处不在的作用，但过去声音留下的记忆痕迹的性质在很大程度上仍然是神秘的。在这里，我们探讨了自然听觉纹理的记忆。对于这种随机声音，已经提出了两种类型的表示：一种基于时间局部特征集的表示，或者一种基于时间平均汇总统计的表示。我们合成了自然纹理样本，并将其用于基于重复的内隐记忆范式，之前的研究表明，这种记忆范式可以诱导对白噪音等人工声音的快速学习。人工声音和自然声音的结果相似，随着样本持续时间的增加，重复检测性能总体呈下降趋势，尽管根据纹理类型有一些变化。这种趋势可以通过汇总统计模型来捕获，也可以通过基于时间局部特征随机抽样的新模型来捕获。此外，反复暴露于相同的自然纹理或人工噪声样本系统地诱导了性能增益，这在所有声音类型和样本持续时间中都是可比较的。因此，当重复接触时，自然纹理样本是可以学习的。这些发现与两种解释是一致的：当涉及到声音重复时，存在一种特殊的处理模式，自然纹理不能免疫，或者如果考虑到听觉表征的连续时间尺度，则局部特征与汇总统计描述的收敛。

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引用次数: 0

Embarrassment guides language choice 尴尬引导语言选择。

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106355

Becky K.Y. Lau , Veronica Vazquez-Olivieri , Claire Guang , Boaz Keysar

For billions of bilinguals, many communicative acts involve a choice between languages. Here, we evaluate the theory that bilinguals choose a language to regulate their emotional reactions. We present four experiments demonstrating that language choice could be guided by anticipated emotional impact. Across several languages (Chinese, English, and Spanish), 1083 bilinguals from China, the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Spain preferred a foreign language to speak about embarrassing topics, and this preference was associated with expecting fewer serious emotional and interpersonal consequences. Language preference was a function of native-ness rather than its associated culture, as the effect was evident even when languages were crossed (English native/Spanish foreign, Spanish native/English foreign). Foreign language use increases emotional distance, and bilinguals prefer using a foreign language over a native language to avoid feeling the embarrassment of discussing aversive topics. Hence, language choice could be an emotional regulation tool for bilinguals.

对于数十亿的双语者来说，许多交际行为都涉及语言之间的选择。在这里，我们评估了双语者选择一种语言来调节他们的情绪反应的理论。我们提出了四个实验，证明语言选择可以由预期的情绪影响指导。在几种语言（汉语、英语和西班牙语）中，来自中国、美国、加拿大、墨西哥和西班牙的1083名双语者更喜欢用外语谈论尴尬的话题，这种偏好与预期较少严重的情感和人际关系后果有关。语言偏好是母语的功能，而不是与之相关的文化，因为即使语言交叉（英语母语/西班牙语外语，西班牙语母语/英语外语），效果也很明显。外语的使用增加了情感距离，双语者更喜欢使用外语而不是母语，以避免在讨论令人厌恶的话题时感到尴尬。因此，语言选择可能是双语者的情绪调节工具。

引用次数: 0

Modeling regularization in language acquisition as noise-tolerant grammar selection 基于容错语法选择的语言习得正则化建模

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106352

Laurel Perkins, Tim Hunter

Language acquisition involves drawing systematic generalizations from messy data. On one hypothesis, this is facilitated by a domain-general bias for children to “regularize” their input, sharpening the statistical distributions in their input towards more systematic extremes. We introduce a general computational framework for modeling a different explanation: on this view, children expect that their data are a noisy realization of a restrictive underlying grammatical system. We implement a learner that evaluates a choice among composite context-free grammars, in which a restricted set of “core” rules, comprising the particular grammatical processes that the learner is currently trying to acquire, operate alongside a less restricted set of “noise” rules, representing other independent processes that have yet to be learned, and conspire to introduce distortions into the data. Our Noisy Grammar Learner partitions its data into portions that serve as evidence for one of the possible core grammars in its hypothesis space, and portions generated by these noise processes. It does so without knowing in advance how much noise occurs or what its properties are. We compare our learner to a common implementation of the general regularization bias approach, and show that both can account for children’s behavior in a representative artificial language learning experiment. However, we find that only our approach succeeds on two naturalistic case studies in early syntax acquisition: learning the rules governing canonical word-order and case-marking, given natural language data with “noise” from non-canonical sentence types. We show that our learner succeeds because its architecture allows a natural way to express linguistically-motivated expectations about the character of those rules. This suggests that, in certain domains, successful learning from messy data may be enabled by a hypothesis space comprising restrictive grammatical options.

语言习得需要从杂乱的数据中做出系统的归纳。在一个假设中，这是由一个领域的普遍偏见促进的，即儿童“规范”他们的输入，使他们的输入中的统计分布变得更加系统极端。我们引入了一个通用的计算框架来建模一个不同的解释：在这种观点下，孩子们期望他们的数据是一个限制性的潜在语法系统的嘈杂实现。我们实现了一个评估复合上下文无关语法选择的学习器，其中一组有限的“核心”规则，包括学习者目前试图获得的特定语法过程，与一组限制较少的“噪声”规则一起操作，代表其他尚未学习的独立过程，并合算在数据中引入扭曲。我们的噪声语法学习器将其数据划分为作为其假设空间中可能的核心语法之一的证据的部分，以及由这些噪声过程生成的部分。它在事先不知道有多少噪音或噪音的性质的情况下这样做。我们将我们的学习器与通用正则化偏差方法的常见实现进行了比较，并表明两者都可以解释代表性人工语言学习实验中儿童的行为。然而，我们发现只有我们的方法在早期语法习得的两个自然案例研究中取得了成功：学习规范词序和大小写标记的规则，给出了带有非规范句子类型“噪音”的自然语言数据。我们表明，我们的学习器之所以成功，是因为它的结构允许以一种自然的方式表达对这些规则的特征的语言动机期望。这表明，在某些领域，从杂乱的数据中成功学习可能是由包含限制性语法选项的假设空间实现的。

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引用次数: 0

Mind over bias: How is cognitive control related to politically motivated reasoning? 心智战胜偏见：认知控制如何与政治动机推理相关？

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106373

Olaf Borghi , Ben M. Tappin , Kaat Smets , Manos Tsakiris

People often favour information aligned with their ideological motives. Can our tendency for directional motivated reasoning be overcome with cognitive control? It remains contested whether cognitive control processes, such as cognitive reflection and inhibitory control, are linked to a greater tendency to engage in politically motivated reasoning, as proposed by the “motivated reflection” hypothesis, or can help people overcome it, as suggested by cognitive science research. In this pre-registered study (N = 504 UK participants rating n = 4963 news messages), we first provide evidence for motivated reasoning on multiple political and non-political topics. We then investigated the associations of the two cognitive control variables cognitive reflection and inhibitory control with motivated reasoning. We find that associations between cognitive control processes and motivated reasoning are likely small. On political topics specifically, we find that a negative association with cognitive reflection is more likely than a positive association. This finding is contrary to predictions from the popular motivated reflection hypothesis. Results for inhibitory control are inconclusive. We discuss how these findings relate to interdisciplinary literature from cognitive and political psychology.

人们往往偏爱与他们的意识形态动机一致的信息。我们的定向动机推理倾向可以通过认知控制来克服吗？认知控制过程，如认知反射和抑制控制，是否像“动机反射”假说所提出的那样，与更大的参与政治动机推理的倾向有关，或者像认知科学研究所建议的那样，可以帮助人们克服政治动机推理，仍然存在争议。在这项预先注册的研究中（N = 504名英国参与者对N = 4963条新闻消息进行评分），我们首先为多个政治和非政治话题的动机推理提供了证据。然后，我们研究了两个认知控制变量认知反射和抑制控制与动机推理的关系。我们发现认知控制过程和动机推理之间的联系可能很小。特别是在政治话题上，我们发现认知反思的负面关联比正面关联更有可能。这一发现与流行的动机反射假说的预测相反。抑制控制的结果尚无定论。我们将讨论这些发现如何与认知心理学和政治心理学的跨学科文献联系起来。

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引用次数: 0

Low-certainty modals not future tenses cause increased psychological discounting in English relative to Dutch 相对于荷兰语，低确定性情态而非将来时在英语中引起更多的心理折扣。

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106338

Cole Robertson , Seán G. Roberts , Asifa Majid , Tammy Lu , Philip Wolff , Robin I.M. Dunbar

Speaking a language that obliges the future tense for linguistic Future Time Reference (FTR) may cause speakers to devalue future outcomes. Evidence suggests such grammars make speakers less “future-oriented”: less likely, for example, to invest, eat healthily, or support costly climate change mitigation efforts. This has been explained using the notion that the future tense (e.g., will) encodes temporal notions of distance and/or precision; its obligatory use is therefore hypothesized to cause speakers to perceive delayed outcomes as less valuable. We argue that this causal account is not supported by extant evidence. Rather, we hypothesize the obligation to use low-certainty modal verbs (e.g., may) causes speakers to construe delayed outcomes as risky and therefore less valuable. We tested this in speakers of Dutch (which does not oblige FTR marking) and English (which does). English speakers used more low-certainty modal verbs, which in turn caused them to place a relatively lower value on future outcomes; at the same time, future tense had no effect, in terms of either distance or precision, on reward value construals (Study 1). When bilinguals were tested in English and Dutch, increased relative use of low-certainty modals again caused English speakers to devalue future outcomes, addressing possible cultural confounds (Study 2). English and Dutch speakers were tested on a non-linguistic probability estimation task; higher modal verb use in English caused lower probability estimates relative to Dutch speakers on matched visual stimuli—supporting the modal account that the obligation to use low-certainty language impacts judgments about probability (Study 3). Relative to matched US nationals, corporate executives from countries which speak languages that, like Dutch, do not oblige future statements to be grammatically marked, used fewer low-certainty modal verbs and more present tense FTR statements, while there was no difference in future tense use (Study 4)—broadly supporting the modal account by suggesting the modal differences characteristic of English and Dutch are widespread. Together, these results indicate that, relative to Dutch, English FTR requires speakers to use more low-certainty modals, and that this negatively biases construals of probability, which in turn leads to increased discounting (Studies 1–3), and that this cross-linguistic contrast may be general (Study 4). The studies provide evidence for linguistic relativity by identifying cross-linguistic effects of FTR grammar on discounting via low-certainty modals. However, the hypothesis that obligatory tenses impacted discounting via temporal notions was not supported, suggesting numerous reported results should be re-evaluated using the causal framework we propose.

使用一种要求将来时作为语言未来时间参考（FTR）的语言可能会导致说话者贬低未来结果。有证据表明，这样的语法使说话者不那么“面向未来”：例如，不太可能投资、健康饮食或支持代价高昂的减缓气候变化努力。这可以用将来时（例如，will）编码距离和/或精度的时间概念的概念来解释；因此，它的强制性使用被假设为导致说话者认为延迟的结果不那么有价值。我们认为这种因果关系没有现有证据的支持。相反，我们假设使用低确定性情态动词（例如，可能）的义务会导致说话者将延迟的结果解释为有风险，因此不那么有价值。我们在说荷兰语（荷兰语不要求FTR标记）和英语（荷兰语要求FTR标记）的人群中进行了测试。说英语的人更多地使用低确定性情态动词，这反过来又导致他们对未来结果的重视程度相对较低；同时，将来时对奖励价值解释的距离和准确性没有影响（研究1）。当双语者用英语和荷兰语进行测试时，低确定性情态的相对使用增加再次导致英语使用者贬低未来结果，解决可能的文化混淆（研究2）。对说英语和荷兰语的人进行了一项非语言概率估计任务的测试；在匹配的视觉刺激下，与荷兰语使用者相比，英语使用者情态动词的使用频率较高，导致对概率的估计较低，这支持了情态解释，即使用低确定性语言的义务影响了对概率的判断（研究3）。与匹配的美国国民相比，来自荷兰语等语言国家的公司高管使用的低确定性情态动词较少，使用的现在时FTR语句较多，而将来时的使用没有差异（研究4）——通过表明英语和荷兰语的情态差异特征普遍存在，从而广泛支持了情态说法。总之，这些结果表明，相对于荷兰语，英语FTR要求说话者使用更多的低确定性情态，这对概率解释产生了负面偏见，从而导致了折扣的增加（研究1-3），并且这种跨语言对比可能是普遍的（研究4）。这些研究通过识别FTR语法对低确定性情态折扣的跨语言影响，为语言相关性提供了证据。然而，强制性时态通过时间概念影响折扣的假设不被支持，这表明许多报告的结果应该使用我们提出的因果框架重新评估。

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引用次数: 0

There is a power law of joint communicative effort and it reflects communicative work 有一个共同交际努力的幂律，它反映了交际工作

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106370

Sara Bögels , Tianyi Li , Marlou Rasenberg , Lotte Eijk , Ivan Toni , Wim Pouw

A drive towards efficiency seems to regulate communicative processes and ultimately language change. In line with efficiency principles, signed, spoken, and/or gestural utterances tend to reduce in overall effort over repeated referrals in referential tasks. Although theories generally assume multimodality and interaction, this process has mostly been operationalized as individual effort in a single communicative modality. Here we seek to understand reduction of communicative effort in its natural environment, i.e. during multimodal and collaborative face-to-face dialogues about displaced referents. We ascertain that the reduction in joint effort (y) over repeated referrals (x) follows a negative power relationship, y = a*x^c, where a and c are constants. This reduction in communicative effort is multimodal, occurring across gesture, speech, prosody, and turn taking, and it is interactive, based on joint effort. The pattern is robust, being confirmed through reanalyses of published datasets about (individual) effort reduction. Crucially, the pattern is communicatively relevant. The coefficient of the power relationship predicts change and convergence in interlocutors' conceptualizations of the communicative referents over the interaction. The negative power relationship reflects therefore how effort translates into mutual understanding - a process we call communicative work. We suggest that the power function captures an exploration-exploitation trade-off during human dialogue which emerges from multiscale processes. Joint conceptualization of novel referents benefits from early conceptual exploration followed by later exploitation of selected signals. The current report proposes a novel ‘power law of joint communicative work’ that is relevant for linguistic theory, agent-based modeling, and experimental psychology.

对效率的追求似乎调节着交际过程，并最终调节着语言的变化。根据效率原则，在参考任务中，手势、口头和/或手势的表达往往会减少重复引用的总体努力。虽然理论通常假设多模态和相互作用，但这一过程大多被操作化为个体努力在单一的交际模式下。在这里，我们试图理解在自然环境中，即在关于流离失所的指涉物的多模式和协作式面对面对话中，沟通努力的减少。我们确定联合努力(y)在重复推荐(x)上的减少遵循负幂关系，y = a*x^c，其中a和c是常数。这种沟通努力的减少是多模态的，发生在手势、言语、韵律和轮流上，并且是基于共同努力的互动。这种模式是稳健的，通过重新分析关于（个人）努力减少的已发表数据集得到证实。至关重要的是，这种模式具有交流相关性。权力关系的系数预测了对话者对交际所指的概念在互动过程中的变化和趋同。因此，负权力关系反映了努力如何转化为相互理解——我们称之为沟通工作的过程。我们认为，幂函数捕获了人类对话过程中从多尺度过程中出现的探索-利用权衡。新指示物的联合概念化受益于早期的概念探索，随后利用选定的信号。目前的报告提出了一个与语言学理论、基于主体的建模和实验心理学相关的新的“联合交际工作的幂律”。

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引用次数: 0

Remembering before acting: The role of episodic memory in future prosocial behavior in preschoolers 行动前的记忆：情景记忆在学龄前儿童未来亲社会行为中的作用

IF 2.8 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106371

Mélissa Vandenbol , Marie Geurten

The directive function of episodic memory – using past experiences to guide current behavior – plays a crucial role in human decision-making. Research suggests that children who recall a past good deed are more likely to act prosocially. However, the emergence of this relation remains unexplored in early preschool years. To address this question, 134 French-speaking preschoolers (24–47 months) were recruited and assigned to either a “good deed” condition, in which they actively helped a female accomplice hide a birthday gift, or a “neutral” condition, in which they were asked to watch the accomplice hide the gift. One week later, after their memory of the previously experienced event was assessed, they were put in a situation requiring them to provide help (i.e., the experimenter dropped some cards and had to pick them up). Their prosocial response was recorded. Generalized Linear Analyses revealed that, in the good deed condition, children with more detailed memories were more likely to help the experimenter. This effect was not found in the neutral condition. Interestingly, children also appeared to be less likely and slower to provide help as they grew older, suggesting a developmental shift in their memory-based decisions: younger children rely on fast, automatic decisional processes while older children engage in a slower, more deliberate decisional balance.

情景记忆的指导功能——用过去的经验指导当前的行为——在人类的决策中起着至关重要的作用。研究表明，回忆起过去的好事的孩子更有可能做出亲社会的行为。然而，这种关系在学前早期的出现仍未被探索。为了回答这个问题，研究人员招募了134名说法语的学龄前儿童（24-47个月），并将他们分为“做好事”组和“中立”组，前者要求他们积极帮助女性同伙藏起生日礼物，后者要求他们观看同伙藏起礼物。一周后，在他们对之前经历的事件的记忆被评估后，他们被置于一个需要他们提供帮助的情境中（即，实验者掉了一些卡片，必须把它们捡起来）。他们的亲社会反应被记录下来。广义线性分析显示，在做好事的条件下，记忆更详细的孩子更有可能帮助实验者。这种效应在中性条件下没有发现。有趣的是，随着年龄的增长，孩子们提供帮助的可能性也越来越小，速度也越来越慢，这表明他们基于记忆的决策发生了发展转变：年幼的孩子依赖于快速、自动的决策过程，而年长的孩子则采用更慢、更深思熟虑的决策平衡。

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引用次数: 0