Personality and Individual Differences最新文献

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IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(24)00448-3

引用次数: 0

ISSID Pages

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(24)00449-5

引用次数: 0

Personality in just a few words: Assessment using natural language processing

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113078

Sverker Sikström , Ieva Valavičiūtė , Petri Kajonius

Assessment of psychological constructs, such as the Big Five personality traits, has predominantly relied on standardized rating scales. While these scales have advantages, we propose that descriptive word-based responses analyzed with natural language processing (NLP) offer a promising alternative for assessing personality traits. We asked participants (N = 663) to describe either their own personality or a person high in one of the Big Five traits using five words. These responses were then analyzed using large language models, namely BERT and GPT-4, which are known for their high-performance NLP capabilities. The primary aim was to assess the validity of word-based responses analyzed by NLP in comparison to the IPIP-NEO-30 rating scale, a commonly used tool for measuring the Big Five traits. Results showed that descriptive word responses had an average prediction accuracy of up to 10 % higher than the rating scale in categorizing the Big Five traits. Additionally, semantic measures showed higher inter-rater reliability, and observer convergence was greater in assessments of others than in self-reports. These findings suggest that descriptive word-based responses may capture more observable and broad aspects of personality compared to traditional rating scales.

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引用次数: 0

Associations between parent and child antisocial behavior: Aggression in family relationships as a mechanism of risk

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113077

Courtlyn Fields , Peggy S. Keller , Mona El-Sheikh

The current study examined direct and indirect associations between parent and child antisocial behavior. Indirect associations were through aggressive interparental conflict and parent aggression toward children. Participants were 199 two-parent families with a child between the ages of 6 and 12 years. Mothers and fathers completed questionnaire measures of antisocial behavior, marital conflict, parenting, and child antisocial behavior. Results supported independent associations between mother and father antisocial behavior and child antisocial behavior, controlling for child age, child sex, and family income. Indirect associations were also observed in which mother antisocial behavior was associated with higher interparental conflict, interparental conflict was related to higher mother harsh parenting, and mother harsh parenting was related to greater child antisocial behavior. Findings indicate that aggressive family dynamics may play a role in the transmission of antisocial behavior from mothers to children, and that alternative mechanisms of risk may be involved in the transmission of antisocial behavior from fathers to children.

{"title":"Associations between parent and child antisocial behavior: Aggression in family relationships as a mechanism of risk","authors":"Courtlyn Fields , Peggy S. Keller , Mona El-Sheikh","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study examined direct and indirect associations between parent and child antisocial behavior. Indirect associations were through aggressive interparental conflict and parent aggression toward children. Participants were 199 two-parent families with a child between the ages of 6 and 12 years. Mothers and fathers completed questionnaire measures of antisocial behavior, marital conflict, parenting, and child antisocial behavior. Results supported independent associations between mother and father antisocial behavior and child antisocial behavior, controlling for child age, child sex, and family income. Indirect associations were also observed in which mother antisocial behavior was associated with higher interparental conflict, interparental conflict was related to higher mother harsh parenting, and mother harsh parenting was related to greater child antisocial behavior. Findings indicate that aggressive family dynamics may play a role in the transmission of antisocial behavior from mothers to children, and that alternative mechanisms of risk may be involved in the transmission of antisocial behavior from fathers to children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 113077"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling the role of honesty-humility in shaping attitudes towards artificial intelligence

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113072

Sarah Zabel , Pamela Pensini , Siegmar Otto

The rapid advancement and integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into various aspects of human life necessitates understanding individual differences in attitudes towards AI. Typically, the Big Five has been applied to explore these individual differences; however, this model may overlook a critical dimension related to ethical AI use: Honesty-Humility, a sixth dimension included in the HEXACO model. In three studies (N₁ = 138, N₂ = 176, N₃ = 1571), we investigated the relationship between personality traits, as measured by the HEXACO, and attitudes towards AI. Consistently across all studies, the strongest (negative) relation was found between Honesty-Humility and a positive attitude towards AI (β₁ = −0.36^⁎⁎, β ₂ = −0.20^⁎⁎, β₃ = −0.28^⁎⁎⁎), suggesting that individuals scoring lower on Honesty-Humility are more inclined to view AI favorably. Additionally, Openness (β₂ = 0.18^⁎, β₃ = 0.06^**) was related to attitude towards AI in two studies. Relationships with other personality traits were minor and inconsistent. The predictive power of Honesty-Humility was higher than the other five dimensions of the HEXACO combined, and higher than the three traits of the Dark Triad - Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and Psychopathy. Our results stress the need to incorporate personality psychology into AI research and ethical AI development.

{"title":"Unveiling the role of honesty-humility in shaping attitudes towards artificial intelligence","authors":"Sarah Zabel , Pamela Pensini , Siegmar Otto","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid advancement and integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into various aspects of human life necessitates understanding individual differences in attitudes towards AI. Typically, the Big Five has been applied to explore these individual differences; however, this model may overlook a critical dimension related to ethical AI use: Honesty-Humility, a sixth dimension included in the HEXACO model. In three studies (<em>N</em><sub>1</sub> = 138, <em>N</em><sub>2</sub> = 176, <em>N</em><sub>3</sub> = 1571), we investigated the relationship between personality traits, as measured by the HEXACO, and attitudes towards AI. Consistently across all studies, the strongest (negative) relation was found between Honesty-Humility and a positive attitude towards AI (β<sub>1</sub> = −0.36<sup>⁎⁎</sup>, β <sub>2</sub> = −0.20<sup>⁎⁎</sup>, β<sub>3</sub> = −0.28<sup>⁎⁎⁎</sup>), suggesting that individuals scoring lower on Honesty-Humility are more inclined to view AI favorably. Additionally, Openness (β<sub>2</sub> = 0.18<sup>⁎</sup>, β<sub>3</sub> = 0.06<sup>**</sup>) was related to attitude towards AI in two studies. Relationships with other personality traits were minor and inconsistent. The predictive power of Honesty-Humility was higher than the other five dimensions of the HEXACO combined, and higher than the three traits of the Dark Triad - Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and Psychopathy. Our results stress the need to incorporate personality psychology into AI research and ethical AI development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 113072"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling the efficacy of subdividing the P300 in distinguishing perpetrator identity in the concealed information test

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113071

Xinxin Zhang , Jing Sun , Deming Shu , Ming Yin , Jinbin Zheng , Minmin Li , Jixia Wu

The Concealed Information Test (CIT) is a widely utilized method for detecting deception, often relying on the P300 component, which is notably sensitive when elicited by guilty individuals. Despite its established sensitivity, there is a paucity of research exploring the CIT's effectiveness in identifying conflicted criminals and enhancing the ecological validity of the CIT paradigm. This study posits that the roles of different P300 subcomponents in deception detection vary significantly. We hypothesize that analyzing these P300 subcomponents can more effectively distinguish the identities of different identities. The participants in the guilty and the conflict groups were instructed to have hushed conversations about theft to simulate the criminal process. Subsequently, they completed the CIT. The findings indicate that holistic P300 was insufficient for differentiating between identities. In contrast, the analysis of P300 subcomponents provided precise differentiation and better individual discrimination rate. This study underscores the efficacy of examining P300 subcomponents in distinguishing among different groups of individuals.

{"title":"Unveiling the efficacy of subdividing the P300 in distinguishing perpetrator identity in the concealed information test","authors":"Xinxin Zhang , Jing Sun , Deming Shu , Ming Yin , Jinbin Zheng , Minmin Li , Jixia Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Concealed Information Test (CIT) is a widely utilized method for detecting deception, often relying on the P300 component, which is notably sensitive when elicited by guilty individuals. Despite its established sensitivity, there is a paucity of research exploring the CIT's effectiveness in identifying conflicted criminals and enhancing the ecological validity of the CIT paradigm. This study posits that the roles of different P300 subcomponents in deception detection vary significantly. We hypothesize that analyzing these P300 subcomponents can more effectively distinguish the identities of different identities. The participants in the guilty and the conflict groups were instructed to have hushed conversations about theft to simulate the criminal process. Subsequently, they completed the CIT. The findings indicate that holistic P300 was insufficient for differentiating between identities. In contrast, the analysis of P300 subcomponents provided precise differentiation and better individual discrimination rate. This study underscores the efficacy of examining P300 subcomponents in distinguishing among different groups of individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 113071"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Restraint or indulgence? The double-edged effects of leader mindfulness on subordinate moral disengagement and unethical pro-organizational behavior

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113075

Yifan Li, Qiaozhuan Liang, Jie Li, Zhuojing Li

While the majority of research on leader mindfulness demonstrates its benefits for organizations, we deviate from this consensus by identifying a potential dark side of leader mindfulness. Drawing on social cognitive theory, we propose that leader mindfulness may inadvertently foster moral disengagement among subordinates, subsequently leading to their unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB). Specifically, we argue that subordinate bottom-line mentality (BLM) serves as a reversal factor, such that leader mindfulness increases (vs. decreases) subordinate moral disengagement when subordinate BLM is higher (vs. lower). Furthermore, we theorize that the indirect effect of leader mindfulness on UPB through moral disengagement is positive for subordinates with higher BLM and negative for those with lower BLM. Findings from a time-lagged field study involving 262 leader-subordinate dyads provide support for our moderation and moderated mediation hypotheses. We thus shed light on the potential perils of leader mindfulness by combining the “good intentions” of leaders with the “bad traits” of subordinates to explain the ethical decision-making process underlying UPB.

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引用次数: 0

Intergenerational transmission of parental childhood maltreatment on child depression: Latent variable model vs. network model

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113056

Wenrui Zhang , Lu Qiao , Yunqing Ma , Zaihua Liu , Xiuyun Lin

Parent-reported experiences of childhood maltreatment (CM) are associated with an increased risk of depression in offspring. There are two potential pathways to explain this phenomenon: one is the intergenerational transmission effect of maltreatment, and the other is the intergenerational transmission effect of depression.

Based on a longitudinal sample of 529 children and their parents, this study used the emergent network model and the classical latent variable model to test both pathways and try to find new information.

In the latent variable model, intergenerational transmission of CM played a mediating role. In the network model, parental physical abuse was associated with children's emotional abuse and physical neglect; there was also some association between parental depressive symptoms and children's depressive symptoms.

Compared to the intergenerational transmission of depression, the intergenerational transmission of CM plays a more critical role in the relationship between parental CM and offspring depression. The latent variable model is able to compare the size of the mediating effect at the macro level, while the network model is able to provide further insights into which factors play a more important role at the micro level.

{"title":"Intergenerational transmission of parental childhood maltreatment on child depression: Latent variable model vs. network model","authors":"Wenrui Zhang , Lu Qiao , Yunqing Ma , Zaihua Liu , Xiuyun Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parent-reported experiences of childhood maltreatment (CM) are associated with an increased risk of depression in offspring. There are two potential pathways to explain this phenomenon: one is the intergenerational transmission effect of maltreatment, and the other is the intergenerational transmission effect of depression.</div><div>Based on a longitudinal sample of 529 children and their parents, this study used the emergent network model and the classical latent variable model to test both pathways and try to find new information.</div><div>In the latent variable model, intergenerational transmission of CM played a mediating role. In the network model, parental physical abuse was associated with children's emotional abuse and physical neglect; there was also some association between parental depressive symptoms and children's depressive symptoms.</div><div>Compared to the intergenerational transmission of depression, the intergenerational transmission of CM plays a more critical role in the relationship between parental CM and offspring depression. The latent variable model is able to compare the size of the mediating effect at the macro level, while the network model is able to provide further insights into which factors play a more important role at the micro level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 113056"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The more engaged you are, the hardier you become: Investigating the cross-lagged mediational effect of job crafting on the work engagement – hardiness link

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113058

Łukasz Baka , Monika Prusik

By applying the job demand-resources and conservative of resources theories, this three-wave study (with eight-month intervals) explains the development of psychological hardiness in work environment, over time. Specifically, we invested the cross-lagged relationship between work engagement and hardiness, as well as the cross-lagged mediational effects of job crafting (related to seeking structural/social resources and challenges). The study was conducted among 839 human services professionals, belonging to three occupational sectors: health care, education and customer service. The hypothesis was verified by using of structural equation modelling. The obtained results found that: (1) work engagement play a driving role in the development of hardiness and job crafting over time; (2) only crafting related to seeking challenging demands mediates the cross-lagged effect of engagement on hardiness; (3) work engagement and hardiness can positively reinforce each other over time. No significant effects were observed for the links related to hardiness – job crafting and job crafting – engagement connections. A better insights into the hardiness development process may be interested for managers, HR specialists and team leaders. Based on the obtained results, they may project occupational health interventions intended to raise positive emotional states at work and encourage the increase of challenges.

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引用次数: 0

Can working experience mitigate the safety risks of high sensation-seeking traits in railway drivers? The impact of working experience and sensation seeking on railway drivers' hazard perception

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113065

Jinfei Ma , Jiahui Sun , Zhuo Shen , Maosheng Xia , Ding Fang , Lu Yang , Jingyu Zhang

Accurate hazard perception is a critical predictor of a driver's accident tendency and is negatively influenced by sensation seeking. This study aimed to explore whether the impact of sensation seeking on hazard perception among railway drivers is moderated by working experience across various track scenarios. Using a computer-based hazard perception paradigm and the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS), 83 Chinese railway drivers were assessed through multiple linear regression to analyze their sensation seeking and hazard perception performance. The results indicated that more experienced drivers' hazard perception performance was not affected by sensation seeking, whereas less experienced drivers were negatively impacted in both straight and turning scenarios, with the negative impact somewhat alleviated during turns compared to straight scenarios. This study confirmed that working experience can mask the negative effects of personality traits to conform to societal practice demands. The detrimental influence of sensation seeking on accurate hazard perception varied with track scenarios and was masked by working experience, validating and enriching the perspectives of self-control theory. The results of this study have significant implications for reducing driving safety hazards among railway drivers.

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引用次数: 0

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