Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112928
Qiming Li , Haiyan Xu , Xuemei Gao
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the Dark Triad traits and temporal associations with Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and ageism across 3 years. A cross-lagged analysis of 3 waves of data was conducted using a Chinese sample (N = 613, aged 18–60 years). The analysis revealed a mutual cumulative effect of Machiavellianism and psychopathy in both the young adult group and the middle-aged group. However, narcissism was relatively independent, and only psychopathy positively predicted narcissism in the young adult group. Machiavellianism and psychopathy at T1 positively predicted ageism at T2, and Machiavellianism and psychopathy at T2 positively predicted ageism at T3 in both groups. There were positive bidirectional associations between Machiavellianism and ageism at each point (T1, T2, T3) in the young adult group only. However, the prediction of ageism based on narcissism was unstable with a negligible predictive effect.
{"title":"The construction of the Dark Triad traits and the relationships with ageism: A three-year longitudinal study of adults aged 18–60 years in China","authors":"Qiming Li , Haiyan Xu , Xuemei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the Dark Triad traits and temporal associations with Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and ageism across 3 years. A cross-lagged analysis of 3 waves of data was conducted using a Chinese sample (<em>N</em> = 613, aged 18–60 years). The analysis revealed a mutual cumulative effect of Machiavellianism and psychopathy in both the young adult group and the middle-aged group. However, narcissism was relatively independent, and only psychopathy positively predicted narcissism in the young adult group. Machiavellianism and psychopathy at T1 positively predicted ageism at T2, and Machiavellianism and psychopathy at T2 positively predicted ageism at T3 in both groups. There were positive bidirectional associations between Machiavellianism and ageism at each point (T1, T2, T3) in the young adult group only. However, the prediction of ageism based on narcissism was unstable with a negligible predictive effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112928"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112912
Sophie Alshukri , Victoria Blinkhorn , Rachel E. Warsaw , Minna Lyons
Psychopathic traits have been related to a higher tolerance for nociceptive pain and a deficit in empathy for others' pain. However, results are varied and inconsistent. As a result, this systematic review was conducted to consolidate findings. Reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement, a comprehensive literature search used 5 databases to identify articles published between 2000 and 2022 examining pain experience and empathy for others' pain in psychopathic traits (PROSPERO: CRD42023426112). From a total of 9522 articles, 8 papers were identified as eligible for inclusion. A total of 573 participants were included across 8 studies. Differences in pain tolerance to pressure and electric shocks were found in those higher in psychopathic traits, but not when using cold temperatures. In addition, higher levels of psychopathic traits related to less brain activity in response to others' pain, thus impacting empathy. This review highlights that within psychopathic traits, pain tolerance findings may be dependent upon the type of nociceptive pain stimulus and data collection method. Additionally, a lack of empathy for others may have a neurological basis. Lastly, boldness and meanness traits may play a specific tole in tolerating more nociceptive pain and lacking empathy for others.
{"title":"A systematic review investigating a tolerance for pain and empathy for other people's pain in psychopathic traits within the general population","authors":"Sophie Alshukri , Victoria Blinkhorn , Rachel E. Warsaw , Minna Lyons","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychopathic traits have been related to a higher tolerance for nociceptive pain and a deficit in empathy for others' pain. However, results are varied and inconsistent. As a result, this systematic review was conducted to consolidate findings. Reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement, a comprehensive literature search used 5 databases to identify articles published between 2000 and 2022 examining pain experience and empathy for others' pain in psychopathic traits (PROSPERO: CRD42023426112). From a total of 9522 articles, 8 papers were identified as eligible for inclusion. A total of 573 participants were included across 8 studies. Differences in pain tolerance to pressure and electric shocks were found in those higher in psychopathic traits, but not when using cold temperatures. In addition, higher levels of psychopathic traits related to less brain activity in response to others' pain, thus impacting empathy. This review highlights that within psychopathic traits, pain tolerance findings may be dependent upon the type of nociceptive pain stimulus and data collection method. Additionally, a lack of empathy for others may have a neurological basis. Lastly, boldness and meanness traits may play a specific tole in tolerating more nociceptive pain and lacking empathy for others.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112912"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112927
Heng Li
Previous research has documented significant linguistic, cognitive, and communicative benefits of interpreting experience, such as enhanced language skills, heightened executive function, and improved working memory. This investigation focuses on the personality traits and emotional consequences associated with interpreting experience. We hypothesize that students trained in interpreting display greater empathic concerns and accuracy compared to their counterparts without such training, given that interpreting inherently involves exposure to multiple cultures, languages, and societal norms, thereby fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation of diverse emotional and psychological states. Study 1 employed self-report measures and found that participants trained in interpreting scored higher on empathy scales than those in linguistic programs. Extending beyond self-report techniques, Study 2 provided behavioral confirmation of our hypothesis; specifically, students with interpreting experience demonstrated greater empathic accuracy in recognizing the emotions of others. Furthermore, consistent with prior research, we found that females exhibited greater empathic tendencies compared to males. Taken together, these findings suggest that the demanding nature of the interpreting task may contribute to the development of these personality changes, aligning with the principles of the social investment theory.
{"title":"Interpret your languages, understand your feelings: The relationship between interpreting experience and empathy","authors":"Heng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research has documented significant linguistic, cognitive, and communicative benefits of interpreting experience, such as enhanced language skills, heightened executive function, and improved working memory. This investigation focuses on the personality traits and emotional consequences associated with interpreting experience. We hypothesize that students trained in interpreting display greater empathic concerns and accuracy compared to their counterparts without such training, given that interpreting inherently involves exposure to multiple cultures, languages, and societal norms, thereby fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation of diverse emotional and psychological states. Study 1 employed self-report measures and found that participants trained in interpreting scored higher on empathy scales than those in linguistic programs. Extending beyond self-report techniques, Study 2 provided behavioral confirmation of our hypothesis; specifically, students with interpreting experience demonstrated greater empathic accuracy in recognizing the emotions of others. Furthermore, consistent with prior research, we found that females exhibited greater empathic tendencies compared to males. Taken together, these findings suggest that the demanding nature of the interpreting task may contribute to the development of these personality changes, aligning with the principles of the social investment theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112927"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112911
Laura Machan , Christopher Bale, Daniel Boduszek
The Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) scale has been argued to be the most robust measure of adult attachment to date. However, while previous authors propose that the ECR-R contains a 2-factor model of attachment with the factors representing anxious and avoidant attachment, none have considered a bifactor model of attachment (i.e., an overarching factor of attachment security, together with additional latent variables representing anxious and avoidant attachment) and several have applied, arguably unnecessary, data parcelling. In the current study, 911 participants completed the ECR-R and measures of several associated variables to assess differential predictive validity. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the bifactor model was found to be the best fit to the data. These findings have important implications for evaluating previous research which has used the ECR-R. The practical implications of these are discussed.
{"title":"A bifactorial approach to the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised scale","authors":"Laura Machan , Christopher Bale, Daniel Boduszek","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) scale has been argued to be the most robust measure of adult attachment to date. However, while previous authors propose that the ECR-R contains a 2-factor model of attachment with the factors representing anxious and avoidant attachment, none have considered a bifactor model of attachment (i.e., an overarching factor of attachment security, together with additional latent variables representing anxious and avoidant attachment) and several have applied, arguably unnecessary, data parcelling. In the current study, 911 participants completed the ECR-R and measures of several associated variables to assess differential predictive validity. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the bifactor model was found to be the best fit to the data. These findings have important implications for evaluating previous research which has used the ECR-R. The practical implications of these are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112911"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112908
Carsten Andersen
When an outcome is caused by a trait or covariate, gender gaps in average outcomes can arise solely from differences in trait variance. Thus, average gender disparities in outcomes such as wages, patent registrations, STEM degrees, and imprisonment rates may emerge if one group is more variable in traits such as cognitive ability, personality traits, aggression, or risk preferences, even in the absence of discrimination and mean trait differences. As the variability of traits can differ between males and females, with males most often exhibiting greater variability, this channel of gender gaps warrants thorough exploration. This study develops a formal framework, using analysis and examples, to demonstrate how the convexity or concavity of the function mapping traits to outcomes plays a critical role in determining average gender gaps in outcomes. These results hold when the trait distribution is symmetric and unimodal, such as the normal distribution. A simulation exercise demonstrates how popular statistical decomposition methods, such as regression analysis, may produce misleading conclusions about gender disparities and their sources. Overall, gender gaps in social outcomes are complex and context-dependent, and greater male variability in traits may be a significant contributing factor.
{"title":"Trait variability as a partial explanation of gender gaps","authors":"Carsten Andersen","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When an outcome is caused by a trait or covariate, gender gaps in average outcomes can arise solely from differences in trait variance. Thus, average gender disparities in outcomes such as wages, patent registrations, STEM degrees, and imprisonment rates may emerge if one group is more variable in traits such as cognitive ability, personality traits, aggression, or risk preferences, even in the absence of discrimination and mean trait differences. As the variability of traits can differ between males and females, with males most often exhibiting greater variability, this channel of gender gaps warrants thorough exploration. This study develops a formal framework, using analysis and examples, to demonstrate how the convexity or concavity of the function mapping traits to outcomes plays a critical role in determining average gender gaps in outcomes. These results hold when the trait distribution is symmetric and unimodal, such as the normal distribution. A simulation exercise demonstrates how popular statistical decomposition methods, such as regression analysis, may produce misleading conclusions about gender disparities and their sources. Overall, gender gaps in social outcomes are complex and context-dependent, and greater male variability in traits may be a significant contributing factor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112908"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112920
Geert Vernimmen , Reuma Gadassi-Polack , Michael V. Bronstein , Laura De Putter , Jonas Everaert
Pathological personality traits are thought to predispose individuals to anxiety and depression by encouraging biased and inflexible interpretations of emotionally-ambiguous situations. This indirect effect was investigated in a diverse adult sample (n = 214) from the local community and mental health care facilities. Participants completed assessments of pathological personality traits and symptom clusters of anxiety and depression. Additionally, participants completed a cognitive-behavioral task measuring inflexibility and bias in interpretations of emotionally ambiguous situations. Results from network analysis revealed that negative interpretation bias (tendency to infer negative interpretations from emotionally-ambiguous information) connected the traits of negative affectivity (experiencing intense negative emotions, hostile or passive interpersonal behavior) and detachment (withdrawal from interpersonal interactions, restricted emotional experience and expression) with symptom clusters of general distress, anhedonic depression, and anxious arousal. Positive interpretation bias (tendency to infer positive interpretations) was only connected to negative affectivity and anhedonic depression. Finally, inflexible negative interpretations (difficulty in revising initial negative interpretations based on positive information) connected detachment with general distress and anxious arousal. This study represents the first data-driven investigation of how distorted interpretations mediate the relationship between pathological personality traits and common mental health complaints. These findings have potential implications for tailoring interventions according to individuals' personality profiles.
{"title":"Social interpretation bias and inflexibility: Mapping indirect pathways from pathological personality traits to symptom clusters of anxiety and depression","authors":"Geert Vernimmen , Reuma Gadassi-Polack , Michael V. Bronstein , Laura De Putter , Jonas Everaert","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pathological personality traits are thought to predispose individuals to anxiety and depression by encouraging biased and inflexible interpretations of emotionally-ambiguous situations. This indirect effect was investigated in a diverse adult sample (<em>n</em> = 214) from the local community and mental health care facilities. Participants completed assessments of pathological personality traits and symptom clusters of anxiety and depression. Additionally, participants completed a cognitive-behavioral task measuring inflexibility and bias in interpretations of emotionally ambiguous situations. Results from network analysis revealed that negative interpretation bias (tendency to infer negative interpretations from emotionally-ambiguous information) connected the traits of negative affectivity (experiencing intense negative emotions, hostile or passive interpersonal behavior) and detachment (withdrawal from interpersonal interactions, restricted emotional experience and expression) with symptom clusters of general distress, anhedonic depression, and anxious arousal. Positive interpretation bias (tendency to infer positive interpretations) was only connected to negative affectivity and anhedonic depression. Finally, inflexible negative interpretations (difficulty in revising initial negative interpretations based on positive information) connected detachment with general distress and anxious arousal. This study represents the first data-driven investigation of how distorted interpretations mediate the relationship between pathological personality traits and common mental health complaints. These findings have potential implications for tailoring interventions according to individuals' personality profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112920"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112921
Robert Aunger , Albina Gallyamova , Dmitry Grigoryev
Establishing a limited set of motives characteristic of the human species has been a goal in psychology since the beginning of the discipline. This paper uses a network-based analysis of previously published psychometric data to establish the existence of a pre-defined set of human motives. The set was derived by using evolutionary theory to identify what sorts of goals humans need to achieve to survive and reproduce in the niche our species evolved to fill. The analysis reported here is based on responses obtained from an on-line sample of 510 representative residents of the United Kingdom to 150 items. Analysis shows that all fifteen of the identified motives can be isolated, that they show expected relationships to one another (based on common functionality), and that differences in attentiveness to motives by gender reflect traditional gender-based role-play during human evolution, while differences by age are consistent with expectations from life history theory. The reduced set of 45 items identified by a genetic algorithm-based analysis could form the basis of a psychometric scale. Knowing the set of motives behind goal-directed behaviour should prove a significant boon to a wide variety of psychological applications, including human relations, educational strategies, marketing and behaviour change.
{"title":"Network psychometric-based identification and structural analysis of a set of evolved human motives","authors":"Robert Aunger , Albina Gallyamova , Dmitry Grigoryev","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Establishing a limited set of motives characteristic of the human species has been a goal in psychology since the beginning of the discipline. This paper uses a network-based analysis of previously published psychometric data to establish the existence of a pre-defined set of human motives. The set was derived by using evolutionary theory to identify what sorts of goals humans need to achieve to survive and reproduce in the niche our species evolved to fill. The analysis reported here is based on responses obtained from an on-line sample of 510 representative residents of the United Kingdom to 150 items. Analysis shows that all fifteen of the identified motives can be isolated, that they show expected relationships to one another (based on common functionality), and that differences in attentiveness to motives by gender reflect traditional gender-based role-play during human evolution, while differences by age are consistent with expectations from life history theory. The reduced set of 45 items identified by a genetic algorithm-based analysis could form the basis of a psychometric scale. Knowing the set of motives behind goal-directed behaviour should prove a significant boon to a wide variety of psychological applications, including human relations, educational strategies, marketing and behaviour change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112921"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112918
Emmi Wilén , Ina Rissanen , Jouko Miettunen , Marko Korhonen
Personality/temperament traits are often presumed to remain stable across various life outcomes. This longitudinal study challenges this assumption by examining changes of Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory traits following a severe health event, utilizing data from the population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, combined with Finnish register data (N = 3195). We explore both health conditions diagnosed in healthcare settings and changes in individuals' self-reported health to discern the relationship between alterations in objective and subjective health and changes in temperament traits between ages 31 and 46. Our findings suggest that changes in health generally don't relate to alterations in three of the four temperament traits—novelty seeking, reward dependence, and persistence. However, we observe a significant shift in the fourth temperament trait, harm avoidance, following a health change. Both females and males reporting a decline in self-reported health become significantly more harm avoidant, irrespective of whether they experience an objective health event. Our results indicate that harm avoidance may not be entirely stable over time, and health changes, particularly regarding subjective health, are linked to variations in harm avoidance. Our results emphasize the need for caution when using harm avoidance as a predictor, particularly in the context of diverse health outcomes.
人格/气质特征通常被认为在各种生活结果中保持稳定。这项纵向研究利用1966年北芬兰出生队列（Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966）的人口数据和芬兰登记数据（N = 3195），研究了严重健康事件发生后克罗宁格气质和性格量表（Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory）特征的变化，从而对这一假设提出了挑战。我们对医疗机构诊断出的健康状况和个人自我报告的健康状况的变化进行了研究，以发现31至46岁之间客观和主观健康状况的变化与气质特征变化之间的关系。我们的研究结果表明，健康状况的变化一般与四种气质特征中的三种--追求新奇、奖励依赖和坚持不懈--的变化无关。然而，我们观察到，在健康状况发生变化后，第四种气质特征--伤害回避--发生了显著变化。无论女性还是男性，在自我健康状况下降时，都会明显变得更加趋利避害，无论他们是否经历了客观的健康事件。我们的研究结果表明，随着时间的推移，趋利避害心理可能并不完全稳定，健康状况的变化，尤其是主观健康状况的变化，与趋利避害心理的变化有关。我们的研究结果强调，在使用伤害回避作为预测指标时需要谨慎，尤其是在不同健康结果的背景下。
{"title":"Stability of Cloninger's temperament traits following a health event: Subjective and objective health status analysis from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966","authors":"Emmi Wilén , Ina Rissanen , Jouko Miettunen , Marko Korhonen","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Personality/temperament traits are often presumed to remain stable across various life outcomes. This longitudinal study challenges this assumption by examining changes of Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory traits following a severe health event, utilizing data from the population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, combined with Finnish register data (<em>N</em> = 3195). We explore both health conditions diagnosed in healthcare settings and changes in individuals' self-reported health to discern the relationship between alterations in objective and subjective health and changes in temperament traits between ages 31 and 46. Our findings suggest that changes in health generally don't relate to alterations in three of the four temperament traits—novelty seeking, reward dependence, and persistence. However, we observe a significant shift in the fourth temperament trait, harm avoidance, following a health change. Both females and males reporting a decline in self-reported health become significantly more harm avoidant, irrespective of whether they experience an objective health event. Our results indicate that harm avoidance may not be entirely stable over time, and health changes, particularly regarding subjective health, are linked to variations in harm avoidance. Our results emphasize the need for caution when using harm avoidance as a predictor, particularly in the context of diverse health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112918"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112913
Cheyeon Ha, Zi Jia Ng, Christina Cipriano
This study aims to explore the nature of emotion regulation strategy selection among students across primary and secondary schools. We investigated the complex relationship patterns in students' emotion regulation strategy selection when faced with emotional situations in school. Using the Student Emotion Regulation Assessment (SERA), we conducted two independent analyses for primary (SERA-P; N = 410) and secondary (SERA-S; N = 724) students. Specifically, we applied the network analysis model to describe the dynamic interconnections among students' use of eight different emotion regulation strategies (avoidance/escape, distraction, emotional support-seeking, acceptance, problem-solving, reappraisal/reframing, rumination/repetitive thinking, somatic relaxation) to manage different types of emotions (anger, sadness, anxiety, boredom) and situations (academic, social, socio-academic, other) in school. The findings show that children exhibit greater variability in their selection of emotion regulation strategies than adolescents, with notably lower use of acceptance and rumination strategies. Adolescents displayed a more balanced pattern of using seven different strategies, though their understanding of somatic relaxation remained limited. This study extends the discourse for supporting students' emotion regulation development in schools.
{"title":"Understanding students' emotion regulation strategy selection using network analysis approach","authors":"Cheyeon Ha, Zi Jia Ng, Christina Cipriano","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to explore the nature of emotion regulation strategy selection among students across primary and secondary schools. We investigated the complex relationship patterns in students' emotion regulation strategy selection when faced with emotional situations in school. Using the Student Emotion Regulation Assessment (SERA), we conducted two independent analyses for primary (SERA-P; <em>N</em> = 410) and secondary (SERA-S; <em>N</em> = 724) students. Specifically, we applied the network analysis model to describe the dynamic interconnections among students' use of eight different emotion regulation strategies (avoidance/escape, distraction, emotional support-seeking, acceptance, problem-solving, reappraisal/reframing, rumination/repetitive thinking, somatic relaxation) to manage different types of emotions (anger, sadness, anxiety, boredom) and situations (academic, social, socio-academic, other) in school. The findings show that children exhibit greater variability in their selection of emotion regulation strategies than adolescents, with notably lower use of acceptance and rumination strategies. Adolescents displayed a more balanced pattern of using seven different strategies, though their understanding of somatic relaxation remained limited. This study extends the discourse for supporting students' emotion regulation development in schools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112913"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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