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IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(26)00028-0

引用次数: 0

Temporal focus and the path to well-being: The mediating role of time management 时间焦点与幸福之路：时间管理的中介作用

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113589

Anel Hasic , Wendelien van Eerde

We constantly experience a sense of time poverty, which might be lowering our well-being. Temporal focus, derived from time perspective, and time management are associated with well-being. But how temporal focus relates to well-being is not clearly understood. The trait–behavior model suggests that temporal orientations influence well-being through behaviors. We surveyed university students (N = 410) by combining two equivalent samples from 2022 (N = 207) and 2025 (N = 203) to examine the relationship between temporal focus (trait), time management (behavior), and well-being.

Time management fully mediated the relationship between future focus and well-being, and partly mediated the relationship between present focus and well-being, emphasizing the crucial role of these foci in this process. Past focus was not significantly associated with well-being or time management.

In light of Zimbardo's work on time perspective—including past-positive and past-negative—we conducted an exploratory analysis using Sample 2. Time perspective explained additional variance in well-being beyond temporal focus and time management, highlighting its continued relevance in well-being research. Overall, time management appears to be a key mechanism linking present and future focus to well-being, while more research could integrate time perspective to better understand how past orientations relate to well-being.

我们经常经历一种时间贫乏的感觉，这可能会降低我们的幸福感。从时间角度出发的时间焦点和时间管理与幸福感有关。但时间焦点与幸福感之间的关系尚不清楚。特质-行为模型表明，时间取向通过行为影响幸福感。我们将2022年（N = 207）和2025年（N = 203）的两个等效样本结合起来，对410名大学生进行了调查，以检验时间焦点（特征）、时间管理（行为）和幸福感之间的关系。时间管理充分中介了未来焦点与幸福感之间的关系，部分中介了现在焦点与幸福感之间的关系，强调了这些焦点在这一过程中的关键作用。过去的注意力与幸福感或时间管理没有显著的联系。鉴于津巴多在时间视角上的工作——包括过去的积极和过去的消极——我们使用样本2进行了探索性分析。时间视角解释了时间焦点和时间管理之外的其他幸福感差异，强调了其在幸福感研究中的持续相关性。总的来说，时间管理似乎是连接现在和未来关注幸福的关键机制，而更多的研究可以整合时间视角，以更好地理解过去的取向与幸福的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond secularism: Exploring non-traditional forms of spirituality within the political left 超越世俗主义：探索政治左派内部的非传统灵性形式

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113600

Laureano Brisuela-Blume , Diego Avendaño , Angelo Fasce

This research investigates the presence of religiosity and spirituality within the political left in Spanish-speaking contexts. Using a multidimensional model of spirituality—encompassing cognitive, experiential, existential, paranormal, and religious dimensions—two studies were conducted with international and Argentinean samples (total N = 1699). Regression analyses confirmed the expected positive link between religiousness and right-wing ideology but revealed heterogeneous associations between left-wing ideology and non-traditional spirituality. A latent profile analysis identified a distinct subgroup of left-wing spiritual participants characterized by high cognitive and experiential spirituality, elevated paranormal beliefs, and low religiousness compared to its conservative counterpart. These findings reveal a progressive form of spirituality that diverges from secular progressivism and conservative religiosity, offering evidence that spirituality also emerges within left-wing worldviews in Hispanic societies. This form of progressive spirituality may reflect cultural specificities rooted in left-wing ideologies and movements, illustrating how spiritual beliefs can shape political identity and collective engagement beyond traditional ideological boundaries.

本研究调查了西班牙语背景下政治左派中宗教信仰和灵性的存在。使用灵性的多维模型——包括认知、经验、存在、超自然和宗教维度——对国际和阿根廷的样本进行了两项研究（总N = 1699）。回归分析证实了宗教信仰与右翼意识形态之间的积极联系，但揭示了左翼意识形态与非传统灵性之间的异质性联系。一项潜在剖面分析发现了一个独特的左翼精神参与者亚组，与保守的参与者相比，他们具有高度的认知和经验灵性，高度的超自然信仰和低宗教信仰。这些发现揭示了一种进步的灵性形式，它不同于世俗的进步主义和保守的宗教信仰，提供了证据，证明灵性也出现在西班牙社会的左翼世界观中。这种形式的进步精神可能反映了根植于左翼意识形态和运动的文化特殊性，说明了精神信仰如何塑造政治身份和超越传统意识形态界限的集体参与。

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引用次数: 0

Inside Front Cover - Ed. Board, Aims and Scope, Copyright, Publication information, Orders and Claims, Advertising information, Author inquiries, Permissions, Funding body, Permanence of paper, Impressum (German titles only) and GFA link in double column 封面内部-编辑板，目的和范围，版权，出版信息，订单和索赔，广告信息，作者查询，许可，资助机构，纸张的持久性，印象（仅限德国标题）和GFA链接在双栏

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(26)00027-9

引用次数: 0

Cognitive bias modification of interpretation in Fear of Missing Out: a randomized controlled trial 《害怕错过》中口译的认知偏差修正：随机对照试验

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113613

Wanshuang Zhang , Jiayu Li , Yuzhou Chen , Ling Wang , Xuemei Gao

Background

Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) has emerged as a prevalent form of anxiety in the digital age. Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I) has shown promise in alleviating anxiety symptoms. However, its application in the context of FoMO remains underexplored.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of CBM-I in individuals with high levels of FoMO. Participants were randomly assigned to either a CBM-I group or a control group. Both groups completed a 9-day online task protocol.

Results

Post-intervention assessments revealed that participants in the CBM-I group exhibited significantly increased positive interpretation bias and decreased negative bias. FoMO scores also showed a marked reduction. These findings suggest that CBM-I effectively modifies interpretation biases and reduces levels of FoMO.

Conclusion

This study provides preliminary evidence supporting CBM-I as a promising intervention for alleviating FoMO. Future research could expand samples to different ages and cultures, examine long-term effects of CBM-I, and compare it with other active interventions to assess relative effectiveness.

在数字时代，害怕错过（FoMO）已经成为一种普遍的焦虑形式。认知偏见修正解释（CBM-I）在缓解焦虑症状方面显示出希望。然而，它在FoMO背景下的应用仍未得到充分探索。方法采用随机对照试验，评价CBM-I对高FoMO个体的治疗效果。参与者被随机分配到cbm - 1组或对照组。两组都完成了为期9天的在线任务协议。结果干预后评估显示，CBM-I组参与者表现出明显增加的积极解释偏倚和减少的消极偏倚。FoMO得分也明显下降。这些发现表明，CBM-I有效地修正了解释偏差，降低了FoMO的水平。结论本研究为CBM-I作为缓解FoMO的有效干预手段提供了初步证据。未来的研究可以将样本扩展到不同的年龄和文化，检查CBM-I的长期影响，并将其与其他积极干预措施进行比较，以评估相对有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Individual differences in intelligence and personality guide human social learning 智力和人格的个体差异指导着人类的社会学习

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113639

Tiarn Burtenshaw , Bradley Walker , Gilles Gignac , Cyril C. Grueter , Nicolas Fay

Social learning underpins much of human success, but little is known about the extent to which individual differences in intelligence and personality guide human social learning. This is tested in the present study. Participants completed a range of general intelligence tests, a personality questionnaire, and a battery of novel behavioral tasks. In each behavioral task participants were trained on one solution to a problem and were then shown a novel solution that varied in quality. Participants were more likely to switch to the novel solution if it was superior to the trained solution, consistent with content-biased social learning. However, when the trained and novel solutions were equal in quality, participants showed a bias to maintain the trained solution. Higher intelligence was associated with switching to novel solutions in general, and this association was strongest for switching to superior solutions. Higher openness to experience was also associated with switching to novel solutions, but to those that were similar in quality or inferior to the trained solution. Study 2 showed that greater familiarity with the trained solution increased maintenance bias, reducing social learning. Our findings highlight the impact of individual differences and experiential factors on human social learning.

社会学习在很大程度上支撑着人类的成功，但人们对智力和个性的个体差异在多大程度上指导人类的社会学习知之甚少。本研究对此进行了验证。参与者完成了一系列的一般智力测试、性格问卷和一系列新奇的行为任务。在每个行为任务中，参与者都接受了一个问题解决方案的训练，然后向他们展示了一个质量不同的新解决方案。如果新解决方案优于经过训练的解决方案，那么参与者更有可能切换到新解决方案，这与内容偏见的社会学习一致。然而，当训练过的解决方案和新的解决方案在质量上相同时，参与者表现出保持训练过的解决方案的偏见。一般来说，更高的智力与转向新颖的解决方案有关，而这种联系在转向更好的解决方案时最为强烈。更高的经验开放性也与转向新的解决方案有关，但转向那些质量类似或不如训练过的解决方案的解决方案。研究2表明，对训练过的解决方案越熟悉，就会增加维持偏差，减少社会学习。我们的研究结果强调了个体差异和经验因素对人类社会学习的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Cross-cultural comparison of the association between personality traits and subjective well-being across India, Mozambique, Portugal, Sweden and United States 印度、莫桑比克、葡萄牙、瑞典和美国人格特质与主观幸福感之间关系的跨文化比较

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113583

Iolanda Costa Galinha , João Pedro da Silva , Cicero Pereira

Objective

Previous research established that personality is one of the main contributors to subjective well-being (SWB), particularly Neuroticism and Extraversion. Less is known about the role of culture on the relationship between Personality and Well-Being. Thus, the aim of this study is to test whether the contribution of the Big Five Personality Traits (B5PT) to SWB is similar or varying across five different countries and cultures.

Method

A cross-sectional associative study and a comparative structural equation modelling analysis was conducted on data collected from five samples of university students: the US (N = 497), Sweden (N = 551), Portugal (N = 497), Mozambique (N = 544), and India (N = 574). Configural equivalence was tested and observed across four samples, except in the Mozambican sample that was analysed separately.

Results

As expected, Neuroticism and Extraversion were the major contributors to SWB across samples, followed by the Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Openness traits. Significant differences were observed across countries in the contribution of the mean-computed B5PT to SWB variables. These differences may be related with variations in the countries' long-term orientation and individualism, but also masculinity.

Conclusion

Results suggest that the relationship between B5PT and SWB is context-specific and future studies should test the moderation of individualism, long-term orientation and masculinity cultural dimensions.

目的以往的研究表明，人格是主观幸福感（SWB）的主要因素之一，尤其是神经质和外向性。人们对文化在人格和幸福感之间的关系中所起的作用知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是测试五大人格特质（B5PT）对幸福感的贡献在五个不同的国家和文化中是相似的还是不同的。方法对美国（N = 497）、瑞典（N = 551）、葡萄牙（N = 497）、莫桑比克（N = 544）和印度（N = 574） 5个大学生样本的数据进行横断面关联研究和比较结构方程模型分析。除了单独分析的莫桑比克样本外，对四个样本进行了结构等效性测试和观察。结果正如预期的那样，神经质和外向性是各样本主观幸福感的主要影响因素，其次是尽责性、宜人性和开放性。在平均计算的B5PT对SWB变量的贡献方面，各国之间存在显著差异。这些差异可能与各国长期取向和个人主义的差异有关，但也与男子气概有关。结论B5PT与主观幸福感的关系具有情境特异性，未来的研究应检验个人主义、长期取向和男性气质文化维度的调节作用。

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引用次数: 0

The relationship between narcissism and alexithymia: A systematic review and meta-analysis 自恋与述情障碍的关系：系统回顾与元分析

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113617

Wendy Song , Ria Tziliaskopoulos , Megan L. Willis

This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the strength of the relationship between narcissism and alexithymia. PsycINFO, Scopus, MEDLINE Complete, Embase, and ProQuest One Academic databases were searched on 13 July 2025 for two concepts: narcissism and alexithymia. Included studies were written in English, comprised adult samples, used validated measures of trait narcissism and alexithymia, and examined their relationship. Quality and risk of bias was assessed using the AXIS tool. Fourteen studies (N = 8006 participants) were included in a random effects meta-analysis, which revealed a non-significant, positive, negligible correlation between narcissism and alexithymia (k = 14, r = 0.03, CI [−0.04, 0.10]). Moderator analyses revealed a significant, negative, negligible correlation between grandiose narcissism and alexithymia (k = 7, r = −0.08, CI [−0.15, −0.01]). In contrast, combined narcissism (including vulnerable and grandiose subtypes) had a significant, positive, negligible correlation with alexithymia (k = 6, r = 0.09, CI [0.02, 0.15]). A significant, positive, weak correlation was observed between narcissism and the difficulty identifying feelings dimension of alexithymia (k = 5, r = 0.14, CI [0.5, 0.22]). Only one included study measured vulnerable narcissism, highlighting the need for future research to examine the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and alexithymia.

这项系统回顾和荟萃分析估计了自恋和述情障碍之间的关系。我们于2025年7月13日在PsycINFO、Scopus、MEDLINE Complete、Embase和ProQuest One学术数据库中检索了两个概念：自恋和述情障碍。纳入的研究是用英语写的，包括成人样本，使用有效的自恋和述情障碍的特征测量，并检查它们之间的关系。使用AXIS工具评估偏倚的质量和风险。随机效应荟萃分析纳入了14项研究（N = 8006名受试者），结果显示自恋与述情障碍之间存在非显著的、正的、可忽略的相关性（k = 14, r = 0.03, CI[- 0.04, 0.10]）。调节分析显示，浮夸型自恋与述情障碍之间存在显著的负相关，可以忽略不计（k = 7, r = - 0.08, CI[- 0.15, - 0.01]）。相比之下，复合自恋（包括脆弱型和浮夸型亚型）与述情障碍有显著的、正的、可忽略的相关性（k = 6, r = 0.09, CI[0.02, 0.15]）。自恋与述情障碍情感识别困难维度呈显著的弱正相关（k = 5, r = 0.14, CI[0.5, 0.22]）。只有一项纳入的研究测量了脆弱自恋，这突出了未来研究脆弱自恋和述情障碍之间关系的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing daily decision-making behavior: A two-dimensional orientation–intensity framework linking dual-process theory and psychological states 评估日常决策行为：连接双过程理论和心理状态的二维取向-强度框架

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113595

Naoki Konishi , Yuji Takeda , Motoyuki Akamatsu , Motohiro Kimura , Fumie Sugimoto , Heishiro Toyoda

Human decision-making shifts between intuitive, automatic (System 1) and deliberative (System 2) processing. Although this dual-process theory has been widely discussed, how these processes function in real-world contexts and how strongly individuals engage in daily decision-making remains unclear. Most previous studies have examined trait-level preferences for intuition versus deliberation, leaving open questions about how these processes are dynamically allocated. Existing measures rarely capture both the direction of processing and the intensity of engagement. To address the gap between experimental tasks and everyday cognition, we developed a two-dimensional framework of daily decision-making: Orientation—reliance on System 1 vs. System 2—and Intensity—overall engagement. Japanese adults (N = 500) rated System 1/2-oriented behaviors in novel and familiar contexts and evaluated their current decision-making. Factor analyses identified Orientation and Intensity as independent dimensions. Regression results showed that stronger System 2 orientation related to lower stress and negative affect but higher autonomy and interpersonal spaciousness, whereas greater Intensity related to higher well-being, autonomy, and psychological spaciousness. These findings indicate that Orientation and Intensity are distinct yet complementary, providing a dynamic, ecological account of everyday decision-making. Extending dual-process theory to real-world contexts, this framework highlights the relevance of both dimensions for understanding daily cognition and psychological experience.

人类的决策在直觉、自动（系统1）和慎重（系统2）处理之间转换。尽管这种双过程理论已被广泛讨论，但这些过程在现实环境中如何发挥作用，以及个人在日常决策中的参与程度如何，仍不清楚。之前的大多数研究都考察了直觉和深思熟虑的特质偏好，留下了这些过程是如何动态分配的开放性问题。现有措施很少能同时反映处理的方向和参与的强度。为了解决实验任务和日常认知之间的差距，我们开发了一个日常决策的二维框架：取向-依赖系统1 vs.系统2和强度-全面参与。日本成年人（N = 500）在新的和熟悉的环境中对系统1/2导向的行为进行评分，并评估他们当前的决策。因子分析确定取向和强度为独立的维度。回归结果表明，系统2取向越强，压力和负性情绪越低，自主性和人际交往空间越大；系统2取向越强，幸福感、自主性和心理空间越大。这些发现表明，取向和强度是截然不同的，但又互补，为日常决策提供了动态的生态解释。将双过程理论扩展到现实世界，该框架强调了理解日常认知和心理体验的两个维度的相关性。

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引用次数: 0

Fear of violent dispossession motivates support for progressive policy 对暴力剥夺的恐惧促使人们支持进步政策

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113592

Timothy C. Bates

Support for redistribution is associated with fear of violent dispossession. Here in two large studies, one pre-registered and population representative, we test if Fear of Violent Dispossession (fear of being forcefully deprived of one's resources by others who value them more highly) predicts support for progressive policy more broadly. Study 1 (N = 502) found that support for progressive policy formed a coherent, reliable (ω-t 0.95) construct. Fear of Violent Dispossession linked to significantly higher support for progressive policy. Self-interest (economic gain) from progressive policy motivated increased support for progressive policy. Fear of Violent Dispossession and self-interest jointly predicted a substantial fraction of liberal-conservative political position. Female sex and higher SES were associated with higher Fear of Dispossession. Results were robust to controls, and pre-registered study 2 (N = 500) using a large nationally representative US sample replicated the findings. The results suggest that fear motivates left, rather than right policy support, and that fears of dispossession manifest in political economic, geo-political policy support.

对再分配的支持与对暴力剥夺的恐惧有关。在两项大型研究中，一项是预先登记的，另一项是人口代表性的，我们测试了对暴力剥夺的恐惧（害怕被更看重资源的人强行剥夺自己的资源）是否预示着对更广泛的进步政策的支持。研究1 （N = 502）发现，对进步政策的支持形成了一个连贯的、可靠的（ω-t 0.95）结构。对暴力剥夺的恐惧与进步政策的支持度显著提高有关。进步政策带来的自身利益（经济利益）促使对进步政策的支持增加。对暴力剥夺的恐惧和自身利益共同预示了自由-保守政治立场的很大一部分。女性性别和较高的社会经济地位与较高的被剥夺恐惧相关。结果对对照组是稳健的，预先注册的研究2 （N = 500）使用一个具有全国代表性的大型美国样本重复了研究结果。结果表明，恐惧刺激了左派而不是右派的政策支持，并且对剥夺的恐惧体现在政治、经济和地缘政治的政策支持中。

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引用次数: 0