Personality and Individual Differences最新文献

英文中文

Mental time travel through uncertainty: Age differences in the effect of daily control beliefs on threat appraisals during 2020 不确定性中的心理时间旅行：2020年日常控制信念对威胁评估影响的年龄差异

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113642

Ann Pearman , MacKenzie L. Hughes , Emily L. Smith , Shevaun D. Neupert

The 2020 U.S. Presidential Election occurred during a period of historic uncertainty, shaped by a global pandemic and intensified social justice movements. This study used that unique context to examine mental time travel through the lens of perceived control and daily threat appraisals. A diverse sample of 214 adults (M_age = 49.13, SD_age = 14.79, range 21–78) completed a 21-day online daily diary study spanning the pre- and post-election period, with the day the election was declared serving as the inflection point from uncertainty to certainty. Each day, participants rated their sense of control and perceived threats across multiple domains, including the election, social justice issues, and pandemic-related stressors. Results from multilevel models revealed clear age-related patterns. Older adults showed consistently lower threat appraisals on days when control beliefs were high, both before and after the election was called. In contrast, younger adults derived less benefit from control beliefs in the post-election period, particularly regarding election and social justice threats. Older adults also reported reduced COVID-19-related threat, though this was not directly linked to control. These findings highlight how age and mental time travel shape daily experiences of uncertainty and emphasize the enduring value of control beliefs across key life stages.

2020年美国总统大选是在全球大流行和社会正义运动加剧的历史不确定时期举行的。这项研究利用这一独特的背景，通过感知控制和日常威胁评估的视角来研究心理时间旅行。214名成年人（年龄为49.13岁，年龄为14.79岁，年龄范围为21-78岁）完成了一项为期21天的在线每日日记研究，涵盖了选举前和选举后的时期，宣布选举的那一天是从不确定到确定的拐点。每天，参与者对他们的控制感和感知到的多个领域的威胁进行评分，包括选举、社会正义问题和与大流行相关的压力源。多层模型的结果揭示了清晰的年龄相关模式。在选举前和选举后，老年人在控制信念高涨的日子里，对威胁的评估一直较低。相比之下，在选举后时期，年轻人从控制信念中获得的好处较少，特别是在选举和社会正义威胁方面。老年人也报告说，与covid -19相关的威胁减少了，尽管这与控制没有直接联系。这些发现强调了年龄和心理时间旅行如何塑造不确定性的日常体验，并强调了在关键人生阶段控制信念的持久价值。

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引用次数: 0

How gender and SES moderate the links between teacher-student closeness and reading 性别和社会经济地位如何调节师生亲密度与阅读之间的联系

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113673

Jing Huang , Tik-Sze Carrey Siu , Him Cheung

To examine how gender and SES predict teacher-student closeness and moderate its direct and mediated relations with reading, we analyzed data from 17,349 students (49% females; M_age = 73.45, SD = 4.48) with different ethnic backgrounds from The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–11 (ECLS-K: 2011). Latent growth curve modelling showed that male and lower-SES students had lower teacher-student closeness with faster decline from kindergarten to Grade 2 than their female and higher-SES peers. The direct relation between early closeness and Grade 4 reading was stronger for the female than male students; decline in closeness negatively predicted later reading only for the female students. While Grade 3 cognitive flexibility mediated between early closeness and later reading in both genders, Grade 3 reading motivation mediated the relation only for the male students. SES moderated neither the direct nor the mediated association between closeness and reading. Hence, gender is more important than SES in the consideration of early teacher-student closeness in relation to later reading, although both demographic factors predict early closeness and its change over time.

为了检验性别和社会经济地位如何预测师生亲密关系，并调节师生亲密关系与阅读的直接和中介关系，我们分析了2010-11年幼儿园早期儿童纵向研究（ECLS-K: 2011）中不同种族背景的17,349名学生（49%为女性；Mage = 73.45, SD = 4.48）的数据。潜在增长曲线模型显示，男性和低社会经济地位学生的师生亲密度较低，从幼儿园到二年级的下降速度比女性和高社会经济地位学生快。女生的早期亲密感与四年级阅读的直接关系强于男生；亲密程度的下降对女生以后的阅读有负相关的预测。三年级认知灵活性在男女学生的早期亲密与后期阅读之间起中介作用，而三年级阅读动机仅在男生学生中起中介作用。SES既没有调节亲密度与阅读之间的直接联系，也没有调节亲密度与阅读之间的间接联系。因此，在考虑早期师生亲密关系与后来阅读的关系时，性别比社会经济地位更重要，尽管这两个人口统计学因素都预测了早期亲密关系及其随时间的变化。

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引用次数: 0

Refining the construct of direct verbal suggestibility: Evidence for a hybrid dimensional–typological latent structure 精炼直接言语暗示的结构：维度-类型混合潜在结构的证据

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113661

Jérémy Brunel , Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse , Julie Delage , Karim Jerbi , Pierre Rainville , David Ogez , Mathieu Landry

Direct verbal suggestibility (DVS) is the strongest predictor of cognitive and perceptual modulations induced by verbal suggestions. However, the nature of this trait remains debated—particularly whether DVS reflects a dimensional continuum or a set of distinct subtypes. This study aimed to refine the conceptualization of DVS by testing the hypothesis that it integrates both dimensional and typological components. Using a cross-validation design, we analysed two independent datasets (N = 680; N = 591) in which participants completed the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility: Form A. We estimated multidimensional latent class IRT models, which allowed disentangling dimensional and discrete components within a unified framework. Our results showed that DVS was best captured by a hybrid bi-factor model, consisting of a general (G)-factor divided into three classes, and a second factor, divided into two classes. The G-factor distinguished individuals by their overall responsiveness to suggestions, while the second factor revealed qualitative differences in their responsiveness to challenge suggestions. These findings indicate that DVS, as measured by the HGSHS:A, reflects a hybrid structure from which distinct profiles emerge, offering a more nuanced understanding of the construct and informing future research on the cognitive and experiential mechanisms underlying verbally induced changes in consciousness.

直接言语暗示（DVS）是言语暗示诱导的认知和知觉调节的最强预测因子。然而，这一特征的性质仍然存在争议，特别是DVS是否反映了一个维度连续体或一组不同的亚型。本研究旨在通过测试分布式交换机整合维度和类型成分的假设来完善分布式交换机的概念化。使用交叉验证设计，我们分析了两个独立的数据集（N = 680; N = 591），其中参与者完成了哈佛催眠易感性组量表：表格a。我们估计了多维潜在类别IRT模型，它允许在统一框架内解开维度和离散成分。我们的研究结果表明，混合双因子模型最能捕获DVS，该模型由分为三类的一般因子(G)和分为两类的第二因子组成。g因素通过对建议的整体反应来区分个体，而第二个因素则揭示了他们对挑战建议的反应的质的差异。这些发现表明，正如HGSHS:A所测量的那样，DVS反映了一种混合结构，从中出现了不同的轮廓，提供了对该结构的更细致的理解，并为未来关于语言诱导意识变化的认知和经验机制的研究提供了信息。

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引用次数: 0

ISSID Pages

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(26)00028-0

引用次数: 0

Inside Front Cover - Ed. Board, Aims and Scope, Copyright, Publication information, Orders and Claims, Advertising information, Author inquiries, Permissions, Funding body, Permanence of paper, Impressum (German titles only) and GFA link in double column 封面内部-编辑板，目的和范围，版权，出版信息，订单和索赔，广告信息，作者查询，许可，资助机构，纸张的持久性，印象（仅限德国标题）和GFA链接在双栏

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(26)00027-9

引用次数: 0

Protective and risk factors of antisocial behaviors: From self-control to psychopathy 反社会行为的保护与危险因素：从自我控制到精神病

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113659

Ana Isabela de Queiroz Gomes , Phillip Dyamond Gomes da Silva , Valdiney Veloso Gouveia , Bruna da Silva Nascimento

The present study examined the contribution of Dark Triad personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) to antisocial behaviors, considering the mediating roles of risk (low self-control, aggression, and excitement value) and protective (religiosity, maternal responsiveness, and normative value) factors. Participants were 401 Brazilian undergraduate students who completed measures of antisocial behaviors, personality traits, self-control, human values, and maternal responsiveness, in addition to demographic questions. Results revealed that antisocial behaviors were positively associated with all Dark Triad traits and risk factors, and negatively associated with protective factors. The best correlates of antisocial behaviors were low self-control, aggression, excitement value, and normative value. The mediation model indicated indirect associations between Dark Triad traits and antisocial behaviors through risk and protective factors, in a pattern consistent with a mediation framework rather than implying causality. The present findings suggest that antisocial behaviors have a multifactorial nature, best understood through the interaction between dispositional traits and contextual factors. We discuss these findings and their implications for future interventions.

本研究考察了黑暗三合一人格特征（马基雅维利主义、自恋和精神病）对反社会行为的影响，并考虑了风险因素（低自制力、攻击性和兴奋价值）和保护因素（宗教信仰、母性反应和规范价值）的中介作用。参与者是401名巴西大学生，他们完成了反社会行为、人格特征、自我控制、人类价值观和母性反应的测量，此外还有人口统计问题。结果表明，反社会行为与所有黑暗人格特征及危险因素正相关，与保护因素负相关。与反社会行为最相关的是低自控、攻击性、兴奋值和规范值。该中介模型表明，黑暗人格特质与反社会行为之间通过风险因素和保护因素存在间接关联，其模式与中介框架一致，而非隐含因果关系。目前的研究结果表明，反社会行为具有多因素性质，最好通过性格特征和环境因素之间的相互作用来理解。我们将讨论这些发现及其对未来干预措施的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Profiles and changes in parental educational anxiety during children's transition to high school and its associations with parenting 儿童升入高中期间父母教育焦虑的概况和变化及其与养育的关系

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113641

Yifan Zhang , Xiaolin Guo , Liang Luo

Parental educational anxiety, which may negatively affect parenting and child development, has become increasingly prevalent. However, its heterogeneity and stability remain unclear. This study explored distinct patterns of parental educational anxiety and their changes during children's transition from middle to high school, a period of heightened academic pressure. Based on two-wave data from 1333 fathers and 1590 mothers, four profiles—Low, Moderate-low, Moderate-high, and High Educational Anxiety—were identified for both fathers and mothers at each time point, with substantial transitions across profiles during this period. Moreover, compared to fathers, mothers reported significantly higher educational anxiety at both time points, had higher frequency in profiles with higher educational anxiety, and showed lower stability in profile transitions. Additionally, during this period, parents with constant-low or decreasing educational anxiety reported less psychological control, and parents with constant-low educational anxiety reported more autonomy support than those with other transition patterns. Notably, fathers with low or decreasing educational anxiety reported higher behavioral control, whereas mothers in these groups reported lower behavioral control. These findings provide a nuanced understanding of the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of parental educational anxiety, highlighting its relevance for parenting practices and offering implications for targeted interventions.

父母的教育焦虑，可能会对养育子女和儿童的发展产生负面影响，已经变得越来越普遍。然而，其异质性和稳定性仍不清楚。本研究探讨了父母教育焦虑的不同模式及其在孩子初高中学业压力增大时期的变化。基于来自1333名父亲和1590名母亲的两波数据，在每个时间点确定了父亲和母亲的四种特征——低、中低、中高和高教育焦虑，在此期间，这些特征之间存在着实质性的转变。此外，与父亲相比，母亲在两个时间点上都报告了更高的教育焦虑，在高教育焦虑的概况中出现的频率更高，在概况过渡中表现出更低的稳定性。此外，在此期间，教育焦虑持续低或减少的父母报告的心理控制较少，而教育焦虑持续低的父母报告的自主支持多于其他过渡模式的父母。值得注意的是，教育焦虑程度较低或正在减少的父亲报告的行为控制水平较高，而这些群体中的母亲报告的行为控制水平较低。这些发现为父母教育焦虑的异质性和动态性提供了细致入微的理解，突出了其与育儿实践的相关性，并为有针对性的干预提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0

Two faces of emotional competence: Unique roles of intrapersonal and interpersonal skills in adaptive functioning 情绪能力的两面：内省和人际交往能力在适应功能中的独特作用

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113657

Dorota Szczygieł , Gao-Xian Lin

Emotional competence (EC) encompasses a range of skills used to manage one's own emotions (intrapersonal EC) and to understand and respond to others' emotions (interpersonal EC). How do these theoretically distinct dimensions of EC relate to adaptive functioning? The present research reports three large-scale studies (N total = 2508 adults) using both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Our findings largely replicate previous research while extending it across a large community sample and multiple analytic approaches, suggesting that the distinction between intrapersonal and interpersonal EC remains a plausible and statistically supported framework for conceptualizing EC. Intrapersonal EC was consistently associated with indicators of personal adaptive functioning (e.g., emotion regulation, life satisfaction, subjective health, happiness, fewer depressive symptoms), whereas interpersonal EC showed more selective associations, particularly with relational outcomes such as satisfaction with relationship status. Loneliness was concurrently associated with both dimensions. Longitudinally, intrapersonal EC was prospectively associated with subsequent emotion regulation strategies and happiness. Overall, the findings suggest that intra- and interpersonal EC represent distinct yet complementary emotional resources that are differentially associated with personal and relational adaptation, refining theoretical models of EC and informing interventions to promote well-being and relational adjustment.

情绪能力（EC）包括一系列用于管理自己的情绪（人际EC）和理解和回应他人的情绪（人际EC）的技能。EC的这些理论上不同的维度是如何与适应功能联系起来的？本研究报告了三个大型研究（N总计= 2508名成年人），采用横断面和纵向设计。我们的研究结果在很大程度上复制了之前的研究，同时将其扩展到更大的社区样本和多种分析方法中，表明人与人之间的商务行为之间的区别仍然是一个合理的、统计学上支持的商务行为概念化框架。人际交际能力始终与个人适应功能指标（如情绪调节、生活满意度、主观健康、幸福感、抑郁症状减少）相关，而人际交往能力则表现出更多选择性关联，尤其是与关系结果（如对关系状态的满意度）相关。孤独与这两个维度同时相关。纵向上，内省行为与随后的情绪调节策略和幸福感有前瞻性关联。总体而言，研究结果表明，内部和人际间的情感行为代表了不同但互补的情感资源，这些情感资源与个人和关系适应有不同的联系，完善了情感行为的理论模型，并为促进幸福感和关系适应的干预提供了信息。

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引用次数: 0

Physical attractiveness and the general factor of personality: Replication and extension 身体吸引力与人格的一般因素：复制和延伸

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113648

Curtis S. Dunkel , Dimitri van der Linden , Satoshi Kanazawa

A significant positive correlation between physical attractiveness and the general factor of personality (GFP) has been found. This association was replicated in the current study with longitudinal analyses revealing that physical attractiveness in both childhood and adolescence is predictive of the GFP in adulthood. It is posited that the results are due to mediated pleiotropy with attractive individuals responding positively to preferential treatment. The results may extend our understanding of the development of individual differences in the GFP. However, future research in which both attractiveness and personality are measured at several points is needed to disentangle the dynamics effects between the two variables.

身体吸引力与人格一般因素（GFP）之间存在显著的正相关关系。这种关联在当前的研究中得到了重复，纵向分析表明，童年和青春期的身体吸引力可以预测成年期的GFP。假设结果是由于介导的多效性，有吸引力的个体对优惠待遇有积极的反应。研究结果可以扩展我们对GFP个体差异发展的理解。然而，未来的研究需要在几个点上同时测量吸引力和个性，以理清这两个变量之间的动态影响。

引用次数: 0

ADHD symptom magnitude predicts creative problem-solving performance and insight versus analysis solving modes ADHD症状大小预测创造性解决问题的表现和洞察力与分析解决模式

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2026.113660

Hannah Maisano , Christine Chesebrough , Fengqing Zhang , Brian Daly , Mark Beeman , John Kounios

Executive-function deficits associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms have been hypothesized to benefit creativity via enhanced access to remote, non-obvious associations. This suggests that ADHD may facilitate the unconscious, automatic (Type-1) processing mode responsible for creative insight (i.e., the “Aha” phenomenon) while diminishing conscious, deliberate (Type-2) analytic processing. We tested this hypothesis in an online study in which 299 participants completed the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale to assess ADHD symptom severity and attempted to solve a series of Compound Remote Associates problems to assess insight- versus analytic-based problem-solving. Individuals with the highest ADHD symptom severity relied more on insight than analysis compared to those with the lowest symptoms. Both the extreme high- and low-ADHD symptom groups outperformed those in the middle of the distribution to yield a U-shaped curve, suggesting that strong and weak executive function facilitate different pathways to solution while moderate executive function is less effective. Regression analyses suggest that stronger ADHD symptoms diminish analytic solving while enhancing insight solving, explaining the U-shaped curve. These findings support previous research which suggests two routes—and profiles—for creative problem solving: deliberate analysis versus spontaneous insight, the latter associated with stronger ADHD symptoms.

与注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）症状相关的执行功能缺陷已经被假设为通过增强对远程、非明显关联的获取而有益于创造力。这表明多动症可能会促进无意识的，自动的（1型）处理模式，负责创造性的洞察力（即“啊哈”现象），同时减少有意识的，故意的（2型）分析处理。我们在一项在线研究中检验了这一假设，在这项研究中，299名参与者完成了成人ADHD自我报告量表，以评估ADHD症状的严重程度，并试图解决一系列复合远程关联问题，以评估洞察力与分析性问题。与症状最低的个体相比，ADHD症状最严重的个体更多地依赖于洞察力而不是分析。极高和极低adhd症状组的表现都优于分布在中间的组，形成u型曲线，表明执行功能强和弱促进了不同的解决途径，而中等执行功能的效果较差。回归分析表明，更强的ADHD症状减少了分析解决，而增强了洞察力解决，解释了u形曲线。这些发现支持了先前的研究，该研究提出了创造性解决问题的两种途径和特征：深思熟虑的分析和自发的洞察，后者与更强烈的多动症症状有关。

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