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The effects of relationship threat and narcissism on emotional responses and partner perceptions 关系威胁和自恋对情绪反应和伴侣认知的影响
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112934
This study examined if grandiose narcissism moderated effects of romantic relationship threat on emotional reactions and partner perceptions. 297 partnered individuals completed an online experiment where they recalled a relationship threat or described their daily activities (control condition). High narcissism was associated with greater anger in the threat, but not the control condition. Participants in the threat condition reported more anxiety and sadness, but these effects were not moderated by narcissism. The manipulation did not affect partner perception ratings. However, qualitative analysis showed that narcissism was associated with expressing more negativity toward the partner in written descriptions of relationship threat.
本研究探讨了自恋是否会调节恋爱关系威胁对情感反应和伴侣认知的影响。297 名有伴侣的人完成了一项在线实验,他们回忆了恋爱关系威胁或描述了他们的日常活动(对照条件)。在威胁条件下,高自恋与更大的愤怒有关,而在控制条件下则不然。在威胁条件下,参与者报告了更多的焦虑和悲伤,但这些影响并没有被自恋所调节。操纵对伴侣感知评分没有影响。然而,定性分析显示,自恋与在关系威胁的书面描述中对伴侣表达更多负面情绪有关。
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引用次数: 0
Resonant pleasure and the helper's high: Assessing strategies that link orientations to happiness with well-being 共振快感与助人为乐:评估将幸福导向与福祉联系起来的策略
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112926
Using newly developed self-report measures, this research documents individual differences in two strategies based on shared positive emotions: to share pleasures and to experience a ‘Helper's High’ in service to others. The research employs these measures in models predicting happiness and satisfaction. Data from 423 participants indicated that resonant pleasure and the Helper's High formed distinct and stable strategies; correlated with specific Orientations to Happiness; reliably and independently predicted multiple measures of subjective well-being (SWB); and reliably mediated (helped to explain) links between individual differences in the Orientations and SWB. In path analyses, individual differences in Resonant Pleasure mediated the link between Pleasant Life and trait happiness and satisfaction: identifying specific social experiences and behaviors that connect pleasure-seeking with lasting SWB. Individual differences in the Helper's High mediated links between Pleasant Life, Meaningful Life, and positive affect: identifying a specific strategy that connects searches for pleasure and meaning with excitement and enthusiasm in the moment. Implications for interventions to improve SWB are discussed.
这项研究利用新开发的自我报告测量方法,记录了基于共享积极情绪的两种策略的个体差异:分享快乐和在为他人服务时体验 "助人为乐"。研究将这些测量方法应用于预测幸福感和满意度的模型中。来自 423 名参与者的数据表明,共鸣快乐和 "助人为乐 "形成了独特而稳定的策略;与特定的 "幸福取向 "相关;可靠而独立地预测了主观幸福感(SWB)的多种测量指标;可靠地调解(帮助解释)了 "幸福取向 "和 SWB 的个体差异之间的联系。在路径分析中,"共振快感 "的个体差异在 "愉悦生活 "与特质幸福感和满意度之间起到了中介作用:确定了将快乐追求与持久主观幸福感联系起来的特定社会体验和行为。帮助者高 "的个体差异在 "愉快的生活"、"有意义的生活 "和 "积极情绪 "之间起到了中介作用:确定了一种将寻求快乐和意义与当下的兴奋和热情联系起来的特定策略。讨论了干预措施对改善 SWB 的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Dark traits, social motives, and apps used: A life history approach 黑暗特质、社会动机和使用的应用程序:生活史方法
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112940
We studied how dark personality traits and social motives are associated with the number of community and dating apps used (N = 411). By adopting a multiple app use approach, we expanded knowledge on social media behavior through the lens of life history theory. Narcissism was associated with more community and dating apps used in men and women, in men Machiavellianism was associated with more community apps used, psychopathy in women with more dating apps used, and men high in sadism used more of both app types, with stronger effects than in women. Sadism also emerged as distinct from psychopathy. Fast life history related motives were associated with more dating apps used in men, though men seeking friendships on dating apps exhibited slow life strategies. Women motivated by partner-seeking used both community and dating apps, reflecting a cautious approach to online platform engagement, except for those high in psychopathy. Our results highlight multilayered, sex-specific patterns of personality-related behavior across app types.
我们研究了黑暗人格特质和社交动机如何与所使用的社区和约会应用程序数量相关联(N = 411)。通过采用多种应用程序使用方法,我们从生活史理论的角度扩展了对社交媒体行为的认识。自恋与男性和女性使用更多的社区和约会应用程序有关,马基雅维利主义与男性使用更多的社区应用程序有关,心理变态与女性使用更多的约会应用程序有关,虐待狂程度高的男性使用更多的两种类型的应用程序,其影响比女性更大。虐待狂也有别于心理变态。与快速生活史相关的动机与男性使用更多的约会应用程序有关,尽管在约会应用程序上寻求友谊的男性表现出缓慢的生活策略。以寻找伴侣为动机的女性同时使用社区和交友应用程序,这反映出她们对网络平台的参与采取了谨慎的态度,但心理变态程度较高的女性除外。我们的研究结果凸显了不同类型应用程序中与个性相关行为的多层次、性别特异性模式。
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引用次数: 0
Who is the innovator? How do life-history, demographics, risk-taking propensity, and attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms correlate with self-perceived innovativeness 谁是创新者?生活史、人口统计学、冒险倾向、注意力缺陷和多动症状与自我感觉的创新能力有何关联?
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112935
Outlining the profile of individuals more receptive to novel behaviors or ideas within a social system is crucial for understanding cultural change. In the pursuit of understanding innovativeness as a personality trait, efforts have produced a short self-report scale that yields an innovativeness score composed of two factors: ‘willingness to try new things’ and ‘creativity or originality.’ This study examines how self-reported measures of life-history, demographics, risk-taking propensity and attention deficit and hyperactivity signs/symptoms are associated with self-perceived innovativeness. Our findings indicate that the characteristics defining an innovator profile — that is, those reporting higher levels of self-perceived innovativeness —include age, which positively predicts innovativeness among individuals aged 18 to 50, being female (sex assigned at birth), identifying as non-binary, having fewer siblings and children, and being in a committed relationship (rather than single). Moreover, higher propensity for self-reported social and recreational risk-taking, and a low propensity for ethical risk-taking, is associated to higher self-perceived innovativeness. Lastly, self-reported inattentiveness is negatively associated with self-perceived innovativeness.
勾勒出一个社会体系中更容易接受新行为或新思想的个体特征,对于理解文化变革至关重要。为了将创新性理解为一种人格特质,我们编制了一个简短的自我报告量表,该量表由两个因素组成,分别是 "尝试新事物的意愿 "和 "创造力或独创性":愿意尝试新事物 "和 "创造性或独创性"。本研究探讨了自我报告的生活史、人口统计学、冒险倾向以及注意力缺陷和多动症征兆/症状与自我感觉的创新性之间的关系。我们的研究结果表明,定义创新者特征的特征(即那些报告自我感觉创新性水平较高的人)包括年龄(对 18 至 50 岁的人的创新性有积极的预测作用)、女性(出生时的性别分配)、非二元身份、兄弟姐妹和子女较少以及处于承诺关系中(而非单身)。此外,自我报告的社交和娱乐冒险倾向较高,而道德冒险倾向较低,这与自我认知的创新性较高有关。最后,自我报告的注意力不集中与自我认知的创新性呈负相关。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond the Scroll: Exploring How Intolerance of Uncertainty and Psychological Resilience Explain the Association Between Trait Anxiety and Doomscrolling 超越卷轴:探索不确定性的不耐受性和心理复原力如何解释特质焦虑与末日滚动之间的关联
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112919
This study explores the relationship between “doomscrolling”—the habit of consuming continuous negative news—and trait anxiety, while considering the explanatory role of psychological resilience and intolerance of uncertainty. With constant connectivity and information overload in the digital age, doomscrolling has raised concerns about its potential to heighten anxiety. The study examines 443 participants (79.9 % female, 20.1 % male, average age 23.49 years) using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to assess the connections between the variables.
Key findings reveal that trait anxiety significantly predicts intolerance of uncertainty (β = 0.50, p < .001) and is negatively linked to psychological resilience (β = −0.19, p < .001). Intolerance of uncertainty is negatively correlated with psychological resilience (β = −0.42, p < .001) and positively associated with doomscrolling (β = 0.29, p < .001). Psychological resilience acts as a protective factor, negatively associated with doomscrolling (β = −0.12, p < .05). Additionally, both psychological resilience and intolerance of uncertainty explain the relationship between trait anxiety and doomscrolling (β = 0.193, p < .05). These results provide insights into how intolerance of uncertainty and psychological resilience influence the connection between anxiety and doomscrolling, suggesting intervention opportunities in an anxiety-inducing digital world.
本研究探讨了 "doomscrolling"--持续浏览负面新闻的习惯--与特质焦虑之间的关系,同时考虑了心理复原力和对不确定性的不容忍度的解释作用。随着数字时代的不断连接和信息超载,"末日滚动 "引发了人们对其可能加剧焦虑的担忧。研究使用结构方程模型(SEM)对 443 名参与者(79.9% 为女性,20.1% 为男性,平均年龄 23.49 岁)进行了调查,以评估变量之间的联系。主要结果显示,特质焦虑可显著预测对不确定性的不容忍度(β = 0.50,p < .001),并与心理复原力呈负相关(β = -0.19,p < .001)。对不确定性的不容忍度与心理复原力呈负相关(β = -0.42,p < .001),与末日滚动呈正相关(β = 0.29,p < .001)。心理复原力是一个保护因素,与末日滚动呈负相关(β = -0.12,p < .05)。此外,心理复原力和对不确定性的不容忍度都能解释特质焦虑与末日滚动之间的关系(β = 0.193,p < .05)。这些结果提供了对不确定性不容忍度和心理复原力如何影响焦虑与末日滚动之间的联系的见解,为在令人焦虑的数字世界中进行干预提供了机会。
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引用次数: 0
Conscientiousness and health outcomes: The moderating role of general mental ability and the mediating role of internal health locus of control 自觉性与健康结果:一般心理能力的调节作用和内部健康控制点的中介作用
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112925
The study of health outcomes and its predictors remains a topic of great interest, and psychologists have long examined the connections between individual traits and health. This study focuses on the interaction between two core psychological traits—conscientiousness and general mental ability (GMA)—and their role in predicting health outcomes. This study tests a model in which conscientiousness and GMA interact to predict internal health locus of control (HLOC-I), which is subsequently associated with perceived health, body mass index, and blood pressure. The results suggest a moderated mediation process in which the relationship between conscientiousness and health outcomes is mediated by HLOC-I, and moderated by GMA such that the relationship between conscientiousness and health outcomes is lower for those higher in GMA. The results shed light on how personality and ability combine to predict health outcomes, and offers insight into the traits that potentially underlie HLOC-I, further highlighting the importance of stable, individual differences in determining salient health outcomes.
对健康结果及其预测因素的研究仍然是一个备受关注的话题,心理学家长期以来一直在研究个体特质与健康之间的联系。本研究主要关注两个核心心理特质--自觉性和一般心理能力(GMA)--之间的相互作用及其在预测健康结果中的作用。本研究测试了一个模型,在该模型中,自觉性和一般心智能力相互作用,预测内部健康控制点(HLOC-I),而内部健康控制点随后与感知健康、体重指数和血压相关联。研究结果表明,自觉性与健康结果之间存在一个调节中介过程,即自觉性与健康结果之间的关系由 HLOC-I 中介,并由 GMA 调节,因此自觉性与健康结果之间的关系对于 GMA 较高的人来说较低。研究结果揭示了人格和能力是如何共同预测健康结果的,并提供了对可能成为 HLOC-I 基础的特质的见解,进一步强调了稳定的个体差异在决定突出的健康结果方面的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Jazz hands and jitters: Exploring valence and arousal dimensions with multidimensional scaling techniques 爵士乐手和抖动:利用多维缩放技术探索情绪和唤醒维度
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112930
Utilizing the two-dimensional plane of valence and arousal with multi-dimensional scaling (MDS), the current study sought to better understand the structure of affect and the relationship between emotion items. The positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) is the most frequently applied self-report measure of affect but has been criticized for only including high arousal emotions. A between-subjects, two-part experimental study was conducted. Participants (N = 548) were recruited online and asked to rate the similarity between one of two target words (anger: n = 271; calm: n = 277) and 143 emotion words. Our results provided evidence for the two-dimensional plane of valence and arousal, indicating that all four quadrants are important when studying affect. Overall, the current study found support for the activation-arousal theory of affectivity with MDS analyses. Emotion words clustered in all four quadrants of the two-dimensional plane, demonstrating the necessity of an affect measure that encompasses all four quadrants. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that the PANAS does not include items in the positive valence/low activation quadrant, however, a newly published measure was found to have increased item dispersion, with items included in all four quadrants of affect. Limitations and proposed future directions are discussed.
本研究利用多维标度(MDS)的情绪和唤醒的二维平面,试图更好地了解情绪的结构和情绪项目之间的关系。积极和消极情绪表(PANAS)是最常用的自我报告情绪测量方法,但因只包括高唤醒情绪而饱受批评。我们进行了一项主体间两部分实验研究。我们在网上招募了参与者(548 人),要求他们对两个目标词(愤怒:271 人;平静:277 人)中的一个词与 143 个情绪词之间的相似度进行评分。我们的研究结果为情绪和唤醒的二维平面提供了证据,表明在研究情绪时,所有四个象限都很重要。总体而言,本研究通过 MDS 分析发现,激活-唤醒情感理论得到了支持。情感词聚集在二维平面的所有四个象限,这表明情感测量必须涵盖所有四个象限。此外,我们的研究结果表明,PANAS 不包括正价/低激活象限的项目,然而,我们发现新发布的测量方法增加了项目的分散性,所有四个象限的项目都包括在内。本文讨论了该研究的局限性和未来发展方向。
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引用次数: 0
Belief in a just world and well-being: A daily diary perspective 对公正世界和福祉的信念:每日日记视角
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112886
A large body of research has examined the relationship between belief in a just world (BJW) and well-being. However, this research, and work on BJW more broadly, has predominantly employed experimental and cross-sectional methods, which may not adequately capture how BJW functions in daily life. To help address this, we considered how two forms of BJW—believing the world is just for the self (personal-BJW) and just for others (general-BJW)—relate to various aspects of well-being between persons in a cross-sectional study (N = 512) and, critically, within persons in a 2-week naturalistic daily diary study (N = 132; 1439 daily reports). Results revealed that both personal- and general-BJW varied between- and within-individuals. Moreover, personal-BJW was not only more robustly related to greater well-being than general-BJW at the between-person level, consistent with prior work, but also at the within-person level. Overall, our diary findings suggest that BJW fluctuates in daily life and that these fluctuations covary positively with well-being.
已有大量研究探讨了对公正世界的信念(BJW)与幸福感之间的关系。然而,这些研究以及更广泛意义上的 "公正世界信念 "研究主要采用实验和横断面方法,可能无法充分反映 "公正世界信念 "在日常生活中的作用。为了帮助解决这个问题,我们在一项横断面研究(N = 512)中考虑了两种形式的 BJW--相信世界只为自己(个人 BJW)和只为他人(一般 BJW)--如何与人与人之间的幸福感的各个方面相关联,更重要的是,在一项为期两周的自然主义每日日记研究(N = 132;1439 份每日报告)中考虑了人与人之间的幸福感的各个方面相关联。研究结果表明,在个体之间和个体内部,个人基本生活质量和一般基本生活质量都存在差异。此外,不仅在人与人之间,而且在人与人之间,个人-BJW 比一般-BJW 与更高幸福感的关系更密切,这与之前的研究结果一致。总之,我们的日记研究结果表明,北京时间在日常生活中会发生波动,而这些波动与幸福感呈正相关。
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引用次数: 0
“Stand up for yourself!” Masculine honor beliefs and expectations for bullied youth "为自己挺身而出!"受欺凌青少年的男性荣誉信念和期望
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112922
Masculine honor beliefs dictate that men should build a tough reputation by confronting threats and insults. This ideology has primarily been applied to adults, understanding why men exhibit violence in society. However, recent research suggests that these beliefs may influence how children are expected to respond to bullies which we contend may help to explain children's internalization of aggression and the prevalence of extreme retaliatory violence in schools (e.g., school shootings). Across four studies we showed that, while adults higher in masculine honor beliefs do not necessarily endorse extreme forms of violence in response to bullying, those higher in masculine honor ideologies reported greater endorsement of aggressive confrontations of bullies, more positive perceptions of children who respond aggressively to bullies, backlash boys who do not respond aggressively to bullies, and (surprisingly) report more positive perceptions of bullying behavior. These results suggest that adults higher in masculine honor beliefs may inspire greater bullying behavior and aggression in bullied children.
男子汉的荣誉感决定了男人应该通过对抗威胁和侮辱来建立强硬的名声。这种意识形态主要适用于成年人,以理解为什么男性在社会中会表现出暴力。然而,最近的研究表明,这些信念可能会影响人们期望儿童如何应对欺凌者,我们认为这可能有助于解释儿童攻击行为的内化以及校园极端报复性暴力(如校园枪击案)的盛行。在四项研究中,我们发现,虽然男性荣誉感较强的成年人并不一定赞同以极端形式的暴力来应对欺凌行为,但男性荣誉感较强的成年人更赞同以攻击性的方式对抗欺凌者,对以攻击性方式应对欺凌者的儿童有更积极的看法,对不以攻击性方式应对欺凌者的男孩有更强烈的反感,而且(令人惊讶的是)对欺凌行为有更积极的看法。这些结果表明,成人较高的男性荣誉信念可能会激发受欺凌儿童更多的欺凌行为和攻击性。
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引用次数: 0
Measurement invariance of short-form measures of the Dark Triad across gender 不同性别 "黑暗三联征 "短式测量的测量不变性
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112929
Given the prevalent use of short-form measures of the Dark Triad (DT) personality traits, much research attention has been devoted to examining the extent of psychometric equivalence of these scales across groups using measurement invariance (MI) analysis. However, an important limitation of MI analysis is that it provides limited information regarding the practical implications of non-invariance for group comparisons. The current study addressed this issue by supplementing MI analysis with additional assessments of practical significance of non-invariance. Specifically, in addition to examining gender invariance across two samples who completed the Dirty Dozen (DD) and the Short Dark Triad (SD3), we calculated effect size measures of measurement non-invariance that indicate the magnitude of non-invariance and the extent to which the observed mean gender differences are attributed to measurement non-invariance vs. true gender mean differences. The results provided support for the inference that observed mean gender differences on the DD and SD3 are largely construct-driven. Nonetheless, a few items on the Machiavellianism (SD3) and psychopathy (DD and SD3) scales showed gender non-invariance that reached the benchmark for medium effect. The results illustrate the advantage of supplementing MI analysis with standardized effect size indices that inform the practical implications of measurement non-invariance.
鉴于对 "黑暗三联征"(Dark Triad,DT)人格特质的短式测量方法的普遍使用,很多研究都致力于使用测量不变量(MI)分析来检验这些量表在不同群体间的心理测量等效程度。然而,测量不变量分析的一个重要局限是,它只能提供有限的信息,说明不变量对群体比较的实际影响。为了解决这个问题,本研究在 MI 分析的基础上,增加了对非方差实际意义的评估。具体来说,除了对完成 "肮脏一打"(Dirty Dozen,DD)和 "黑暗短三联征"(Short Dark Triad,SD3)的两个样本进行性别不变性检查外,我们还计算了测量非变异性的效应大小测量值,这些测量值表明了非变异性的程度,以及观察到的性别平均差异在多大程度上归因于测量非变异性而非真正的性别平均差异。研究结果支持这样的推论,即在 DD 和 SD3 中观察到的平均性别差异主要是由建构驱动的。然而,马基雅维利主义(SD3)和心理变态(DD 和 SD3)量表中的少数项目显示出性别非方差性,达到了中等效应的基准。这些结果说明了用标准化的效应大小指数对多元智能分析进行补充的优势,这些效应大小指数可以说明测量非方差的实际影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Personality and Individual Differences
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