Personality and Individual Differences最新文献

英文中文

Mortality, self-interest, and fairness: The differential impact of death-related news on advantageous inequity aversion

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113039

Wen Li , Yuwen Zhao , Shuaijie Lan, Lili Guan

Within the framework of Terror Management Theory (TMT), both the pursuit of monetary gain and engagement in prosocial behaviors can buffer against death anxiety. However, these buffers are in conflict in the context of fairness decision-making. Integrating TMT and Life History Theory, we investigated whether different death-related news articles lead individuals to adopt different anxiety-buffering strategies, resulting in varying levels of advantageous inequity aversion (IA). The participants were asked to read one of four news types (accidental death, illness-related death, natural death, or negative affect) and subsequently allocate money between themselves and their co-player. Both Study 1 and 2 demonstrated that participants in the accidental death news condition prioritized acquiring money to buffer against death anxiety, exhibiting lower advantageous IA. In contrast, participants in the illness-related death news condition prioritized engaging in prosocial behavior, exhibiting higher advantageous IA. Study 2 further revealed that accidental (vs. illness-related) death news priming decreased advantageous IA by increasing self-interest concern. Additionally, social distance moderated these effects, with both conditions leading to similarly high advantageous IA when allocating money to friends. These results extend the TMT by showing that the “priority” of different buffers (money, prosocial behavior) varies with mortality threats and social distance.

{"title":"Mortality, self-interest, and fairness: The differential impact of death-related news on advantageous inequity aversion","authors":"Wen Li , Yuwen Zhao , Shuaijie Lan, Lili Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within the framework of Terror Management Theory (TMT), both the pursuit of monetary gain and engagement in prosocial behaviors can buffer against death anxiety. However, these buffers are in conflict in the context of fairness decision-making. Integrating TMT and Life History Theory, we investigated whether different death-related news articles lead individuals to adopt different anxiety-buffering strategies, resulting in varying levels of advantageous inequity aversion (IA). The participants were asked to read one of four news types (accidental death, illness-related death, natural death, or negative affect) and subsequently allocate money between themselves and their co-player. Both Study 1 and 2 demonstrated that participants in the accidental death news condition prioritized acquiring money to buffer against death anxiety, exhibiting lower advantageous IA. In contrast, participants in the illness-related death news condition prioritized engaging in prosocial behavior, exhibiting higher advantageous IA. Study 2 further revealed that accidental (vs. illness-related) death news priming decreased advantageous IA by increasing self-interest concern. Additionally, social distance moderated these effects, with both conditions leading to similarly high advantageous IA when allocating money to friends. These results extend the TMT by showing that the “priority” of different buffers (money, prosocial behavior) varies with mortality threats and social distance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 113039"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptation in attentional cautiousness among highly sensitive persons: Evidence from spatial cueing paradigm

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113042

Luchuan Xiao (肖鲁川), Kris Baetens, Natacha Deroost

Individuals with higher sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) exhibit heightened cautiousness during attentional orienting. This study investigated how expectancy influences SPS-related cautiousness in two experiments using a spatial cueing paradigm. Spatial cues either validly or invalidly signaled the location of subsequent target stimuli. Experiment 1 manipulated cue-target predictivity at 80 % and 50 % probabilities. The results indicated that higher SPS was associated with a decreased validity effect in both probability conditions, suggesting that individuals with higher SPS tend to treat valid and invalid cues similarly. Experiment 2 expanded this manipulation to include probabilities of 100 %, 80 %, and 50 %. The results confirmed that higher SPS was associated with a decreased validity effect. Additionally, individuals with higher SPS responded more slowly; however, this slowing diminished as valid probability approached full predictivity (100 %), compared to partial probabilities (50 % and 80 %). The decreased validity effect associated with higher SPS supports the notion of heightened cautiousness in attentional orienting among highly sensitive individuals. Moreover, our findings suggest that highly sensitive individuals prefer predictable events, but can adapt their cautious attentional approach in response to varying expectancy levels. This study empirically links SPS to a preference for greater certainty while simultaneously showing adaptability under uncertain conditions.

{"title":"Adaptation in attentional cautiousness among highly sensitive persons: Evidence from spatial cueing paradigm","authors":"Luchuan Xiao (肖鲁川), Kris Baetens, Natacha Deroost","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals with higher sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) exhibit heightened cautiousness during attentional orienting. This study investigated how expectancy influences SPS-related cautiousness in two experiments using a spatial cueing paradigm. Spatial cues either validly or invalidly signaled the location of subsequent target stimuli. Experiment 1 manipulated cue-target predictivity at 80 % and 50 % probabilities. The results indicated that higher SPS was associated with a decreased validity effect in both probability conditions, suggesting that individuals with higher SPS tend to treat valid and invalid cues similarly. Experiment 2 expanded this manipulation to include probabilities of 100 %, 80 %, and 50 %. The results confirmed that higher SPS was associated with a decreased validity effect. Additionally, individuals with higher SPS responded more slowly; however, this slowing diminished as valid probability approached full predictivity (100 %), compared to partial probabilities (50 % and 80 %). The decreased validity effect associated with higher SPS supports the notion of heightened cautiousness in attentional orienting among highly sensitive individuals. Moreover, our findings suggest that highly sensitive individuals prefer predictable events, but can adapt their cautious attentional approach in response to varying expectancy levels. This study empirically links SPS to a preference for greater certainty while simultaneously showing adaptability under uncertain conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 113042"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Agreement in parent-adolescent perceptions of parenting behavior: The influence of parental and adolescent narcissism and parents' remembered childhood adversity

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113046

Tayler E. Truhan , Ceri Welsh , Stefanos Mastrotheodoros , Kostas A. Papageorgiou

Discrepancies in parent and adolescent perceptions of parenting behavior contribute to poor family functioning and negative outcomes. Yet, there is a lack of research examining parent and adolescent personality and family context in relation to parent-adolescent parenting agreement. Narcissistic traits and parents' remembered childhood adversity have previously been linked to both positive and negative parenting. This cross-sectional study aimed at understanding whether parental and adolescent narcissism, at the facet level, and parental past adversity, statistically predict parent-adolescent parenting agreement. Analyses comprised four steps: profile correlations, network analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modelling. Parent-adolescent dyads (N = 304; 48 % mothers; 50 % girls) completed self-report measures. Parental authority and distrust were associated with higher agreement that parents utilized more warm and harsh parenting, respectively. Parents remembered emotional neglect was positively associated with agreement that parents used more hostile and controlling parenting and was linked to higher parental vulnerable and antagonistic narcissism. Adolescent self-absorption was positively associated with agreement on harsh parenting. Results demonstrate that narcissistic facets and parents' remembered emotional neglect differentially influence parent-offspring agreement on their perceptions of parenting behavior. Future work might incorporate more multi-dimensional assessments of personality and context to further disentangle associations between personality and parenting.

{"title":"Agreement in parent-adolescent perceptions of parenting behavior: The influence of parental and adolescent narcissism and parents' remembered childhood adversity","authors":"Tayler E. Truhan , Ceri Welsh , Stefanos Mastrotheodoros , Kostas A. Papageorgiou","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Discrepancies in parent and adolescent perceptions of parenting behavior contribute to poor family functioning and negative outcomes. Yet, there is a lack of research examining parent and adolescent personality and family context in relation to parent-adolescent parenting agreement. Narcissistic traits and parents' remembered childhood adversity have previously been linked to both positive and negative parenting. This cross-sectional study aimed at understanding whether parental and adolescent narcissism, at the facet level, and parental past adversity, statistically predict parent-adolescent parenting agreement. Analyses comprised four steps: profile correlations, network analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modelling. Parent-adolescent dyads (<em>N</em> = 304; 48 % mothers; 50 % girls) completed self-report measures. Parental authority and distrust were associated with higher agreement that parents utilized more warm and harsh parenting, respectively. Parents remembered emotional neglect was positively associated with agreement that parents used more hostile and controlling parenting and was linked to higher parental vulnerable and antagonistic narcissism. Adolescent self-absorption was positively associated with agreement on harsh parenting. Results demonstrate that narcissistic facets and parents' remembered emotional neglect differentially influence parent-offspring agreement on their perceptions of parenting behavior. Future work might incorporate more multi-dimensional assessments of personality and context to further disentangle associations between personality and parenting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 113046"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Confidence does not equal competence: Socially dominant individuals are more confident in their decisions without being more accurate

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113037

A. Belotelova , A.K. Martin

High status within social hierarchies is often the reserve of socially dominant individuals. Faster responses have been identified as a cognitive predisposition of socially dominant individuals, thought to confer an advantage by allowing them to act first in social contexts. Response speed is also thought to reflect decision confidence, but this has not been directly investigated in relation to social dominance. Moreover, personality traits, such as extraversion, may show a similar relationship with decision-making speed and confidence and may explain any relationship with social dominance. Confidence is thought to be domain specific and it is therefore important to assess whether any association between decision confidence and social dominance, is also observed in other cognitive domains. Across three studies, we assessed performance on a two-choice statistical learning decision-making task and a self-referential memory task. To measure metacognitive bias, we included confidence for both decisions and memory traces. We also included a measure of extraversion to investigate whether these two related personality traits explain overlapping or unique variance in task performance. Across three studies, social dominance and extraversion were positively correlated. Both social dominance and extraversion independently predicted variance on confidence for decisions, with stronger evidence for a unique role for social dominance, but no relationship was identified for confidence in memory traces.

{"title":"Confidence does not equal competence: Socially dominant individuals are more confident in their decisions without being more accurate","authors":"A. Belotelova , A.K. Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High status within social hierarchies is often the reserve of socially dominant individuals. Faster responses have been identified as a cognitive predisposition of socially dominant individuals, thought to confer an advantage by allowing them to act first in social contexts. Response speed is also thought to reflect decision confidence, but this has not been directly investigated in relation to social dominance. Moreover, personality traits, such as extraversion, may show a similar relationship with decision-making speed and confidence and may explain any relationship with social dominance. Confidence is thought to be domain specific and it is therefore important to assess whether any association between decision confidence and social dominance, is also observed in other cognitive domains. Across three studies, we assessed performance on a two-choice statistical learning decision-making task and a self-referential memory task. To measure metacognitive bias, we included confidence for both decisions and memory traces. We also included a measure of extraversion to investigate whether these two related personality traits explain overlapping or unique variance in task performance. Across three studies, social dominance and extraversion were positively correlated. Both social dominance and extraversion independently predicted variance on confidence for decisions, with stronger evidence for a unique role for social dominance, but no relationship was identified for confidence in memory traces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of emotional intelligence on facial expression processing in males and females with and without psychiatric illnesses

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113040

Marie Huc , Katie Bush , Lindsay Berrigan , Sylvia Cox , Natalia Jaworska

Background

Emotional intelligence (EI) is a critical skill for understanding and managing emotions, and navigating daily social interactions. Emotion recognition is a crucial aspect of EI; however, our understanding of the impact of EI on facial expression identification, while accounting for both sex and mental health symptoms (i.e., anxiety, depression, stress and loneliness), is limited.

Methods

In this study, we examined the influence of EI on facial expression recognition of masked faces [i.e., accuracy and reaction time (RT)] via an online study in N = 469 adult males and females, while also assessing mental health symptoms.

Results

Females tended to exhibit higher EI scores than males; higher EI scores were found in individuals without vs. with a self-reported current psychiatric illness. Higher levels of loneliness and perceived stress were predictive of lower EI scores. Further, higher EI predicted greater accuracy to all faces and to happy faces, in particular. Females vs. males had greater accuracy in recognizing all faces and happy faces. Finally, being younger also predicted higher accuracy in recognizing masked faces overall.

Impact

Our results demonstrate the influence of sex and mental health symptoms on EI, as well as how they influence emotion recognition ability. These results can help inform public health and training programs in the realms of education, the workplace and mental health settings.

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引用次数: 0

Neural rhythm processing predicts later executive functions and self-regulation in early adolescence

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113033

Chen Sun , Xiangyun Meng , Qi Dong , Yun Nan

Self-regulation is a multifaceted construct central to mental health and real-world outcomes. Rhythm-based training experience seems to enhance children's self-regulation. However, whether rhythm ability is directly related to self-regulation remains unknown. We investigated how rhythm processing relates to multifaceted self-regulation as indexed by behavioral executive function tasks, fluid intelligence, self-report questionnaires, heart rate variability (HRV), and a real-world outcome (mobile phone addiction index, MPAI). We assessed neural (mismatch negativity, MMN) and behavioral beat perception in 53 typically developing 10- to 12-year-old children and examined self-regulation measures two years later. The results showed that MMN predicted HRV, executive functions (updating and shifting), and self-control, whereas behavioral beat perception predicted executive functions (updating and shifting) and fluid intelligence. Furthermore, MMN predicted fluid intelligence and MPAI through the mediating effects of executive functions (updating and shifting) and self-control, respectively. These findings suggest that individual differences in neural rhythm processing may serve as potential indicators of multiple aspects of self-regulation.

{"title":"Neural rhythm processing predicts later executive functions and self-regulation in early adolescence","authors":"Chen Sun , Xiangyun Meng , Qi Dong , Yun Nan","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-regulation is a multifaceted construct central to mental health and real-world outcomes. Rhythm-based training experience seems to enhance children's self-regulation. However, whether rhythm ability is directly related to self-regulation remains unknown. We investigated how rhythm processing relates to multifaceted self-regulation as indexed by behavioral executive function tasks, fluid intelligence, self-report questionnaires, heart rate variability (HRV), and a real-world outcome (mobile phone addiction index, MPAI). We assessed neural (mismatch negativity, MMN) and behavioral beat perception in 53 typically developing 10- to 12-year-old children and examined self-regulation measures two years later. The results showed that MMN predicted HRV, executive functions (updating and shifting), and self-control, whereas behavioral beat perception predicted executive functions (updating and shifting) and fluid intelligence. Furthermore, MMN predicted fluid intelligence and MPAI through the mediating effects of executive functions (updating and shifting) and self-control, respectively. These findings suggest that individual differences in neural rhythm processing may serve as potential indicators of multiple aspects of self-regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113033"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of teacher–student relationships in grit during early adolescence: A three-year longitudinal study

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113035

Jaehoon Yoo, Daeun Park

Previous cross-sectional studies have established positive associations between teacher–student relationships and grit in adolescents. However, these studies did not explore the mutual relationships between within-person changes in these variables. This study investigated the longitudinal associations between within-person changes in teacher–student relationships and grit using data from the Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey 2018, a large, longitudinal, and nationally representative dataset. A total of 2607 Korean adolescents (M_age = 10.14, SD = 0.30; 1294 females) participated in a three-wave study conducted at one-year intervals. The results of the random intercept cross-lagged panel model supported unidirectional associations between the two variables, indicating that within-person changes in teacher–student relationships predicted within-person changes in grit, but not vice versa. Facet-level analyses revealed that within-person changes in teacher–student relationships predicted within-person changes in perseverance but not passion. Conversely, within-person changes in perseverance or passion did not predict within-person changes in teacher–student relationships. These findings underscore the importance of teacher–student relationships in the development of grit during adolescence, suggesting that positive teacher–student interactions can contribute to beneficial outcomes beyond academic achievement.

{"title":"The role of teacher–student relationships in grit during early adolescence: A three-year longitudinal study","authors":"Jaehoon Yoo, Daeun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous cross-sectional studies have established positive associations between teacher–student relationships and grit in adolescents. However, these studies did not explore the mutual relationships between within-person changes in these variables. This study investigated the longitudinal associations between within-person changes in teacher–student relationships and grit using data from the Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey 2018, a large, longitudinal, and nationally representative dataset. A total of 2607 Korean adolescents (<em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 10.14, <em>SD</em> = 0.30; 1294 females) participated in a three-wave study conducted at one-year intervals. The results of the random intercept cross-lagged panel model supported unidirectional associations between the two variables, indicating that within-person changes in teacher–student relationships predicted within-person changes in grit, but not vice versa. Facet-level analyses revealed that within-person changes in teacher–student relationships predicted within-person changes in perseverance but not passion. Conversely, within-person changes in perseverance or passion did not predict within-person changes in teacher–student relationships. These findings underscore the importance of teacher–student relationships in the development of grit during adolescence, suggesting that positive teacher–student interactions can contribute to beneficial outcomes beyond academic achievement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113035"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

I hear you call my name and it feels like home: Right-Wing Authoritarianism and academic major choice

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113036

Dritjon Gruda , Jim A. McCleskey

Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) is characterized by a preference for order, hierarchy, and conformity to norms, and has been associated with conservative values and structured environments. Using a sample of 5762 participants across 18 majors, we examine the association between RWA and academic college major choice, proposing that individuals with higher RWA scores are more likely to select disciplines that align with their values of structure and authority. We found that individuals with higher RWA scores were more likely to choose disciplines emphasizing authority and tradition, such as Business, Law, and Medicine. We also found a moderating effect of gender, in that men with high RWA tended to select traditionally masculine fields (e.g., Engineering and Law), while women favored caregiving-oriented majors (e.g., Psychology and Social Work), reinforcing conventional gender roles. These findings suggest that RWA influences not only political and social attitudes but also academic choices, highlighting the importance of considering personality traits in understanding educational trajectories and their broader social implications.

{"title":"I hear you call my name and it feels like home: Right-Wing Authoritarianism and academic major choice","authors":"Dritjon Gruda , Jim A. McCleskey","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) is characterized by a preference for order, hierarchy, and conformity to norms, and has been associated with conservative values and structured environments. Using a sample of 5762 participants across 18 majors, we examine the association between RWA and academic college major choice, proposing that individuals with higher RWA scores are more likely to select disciplines that align with their values of structure and authority. We found that individuals with higher RWA scores were more likely to choose disciplines emphasizing authority and tradition, such as Business, Law, and Medicine. We also found a moderating effect of gender, in that men with high RWA tended to select traditionally masculine fields (e.g., Engineering and Law), while women favored caregiving-oriented majors (e.g., Psychology and Social Work), reinforcing conventional gender roles. These findings suggest that RWA influences not only political and social attitudes but also academic choices, highlighting the importance of considering personality traits in understanding educational trajectories and their broader social implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113036"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A meta-analysis of psychopathy and the sociosexual orientation inventory

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113021

Kaitlyn P. White , Marisa A. Muhonen , Keara A. Werth , Andrew Lac

People possessing high trait psychopathy may be more prone to exhibiting an unrestricted sociosexual orientation. Trait psychopathy is a trait characterized by low empathy, low anxiety, high thrill-seeking, and high impulsivity. Sociosexual orientation – operationalized here with the most widely administered measures of sociosexuality, the Sociosexual Orientation Inventory and its revisions – is defined as the openness to engaging in uncommitted sexual encounters. The current meta-analysis examined the connection between trait psychopathy and sociosexual orientation. A systematic and exhaustive search based on the inclusion criteria identified 48 independent samples across 37 studies consisting of 15,471 participants. Four potential meta-moderators were tested: sex, age, trait psychopathy measurement scale, and college student status. Applying a random-effects model, the summary effect determined a positive correlation between trait psychopathy and unrestricted sociosexual orientation r = 0.31, Z test = 16.68, p < .001, 95 % CI [0.27, 0.34]. Tests of publication bias indicated that bias in publication was not evidenced in this line of research. This meta-analytic review offers theoretical and applied insights and implications to help understand the connection between trait psychopathy and mating relationships.

{"title":"A meta-analysis of psychopathy and the sociosexual orientation inventory","authors":"Kaitlyn P. White , Marisa A. Muhonen , Keara A. Werth , Andrew Lac","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People possessing high trait psychopathy may be more prone to exhibiting an unrestricted sociosexual orientation. Trait psychopathy is a trait characterized by low empathy, low anxiety, high thrill-seeking, and high impulsivity. Sociosexual orientation – operationalized here with the most widely administered measures of sociosexuality, the Sociosexual Orientation Inventory and its revisions – is defined as the openness to engaging in uncommitted sexual encounters. The current meta-analysis examined the connection between trait psychopathy and sociosexual orientation. A systematic and exhaustive search based on the inclusion criteria identified 48 independent samples across 37 studies consisting of 15,471 participants. Four potential meta-moderators were tested: sex, age, trait psychopathy measurement scale, and college student status. Applying a random-effects model, the summary effect determined a positive correlation between trait psychopathy and unrestricted sociosexual orientation <em>r</em> = 0.31, <em>Z</em> test = 16.68, <em>p</em> < .001, 95 % CI [0.27, 0.34]. Tests of publication bias indicated that bias in publication was not evidenced in this line of research. This meta-analytic review offers theoretical and applied insights and implications to help understand the connection between trait psychopathy and mating relationships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113021"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Failing to attract a female partner – Are low mate value and low mate access associated with regulating female sexual autonomy in men?

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113034

Catharina Walldén, Annika Gunst, Julia Andersson, Jeremia Sjöblom, Jan Antfolk

We tested the hypothesis that individual differences in capacity to attract female partners is associated with regulating female sexual autonomy in men. Building on evolutionary theories of female choice, we hypothesized that men with low (vs. high) mate value and low (vs. high) mate access are more motivated to limit female choice, and, therefore, to adopt sexism and oppose women's sexual freedom. We used self-reports of mate value, mate access, sexism and, opposing women's sexual freedom from 159 men and examined associations between these self-reports by using structural equation modeling. We also inspected individual differences in regulating female sexual autonomy based on income, education, and socioeconomic status. As expected, men with low (vs. high) mate value displayed more sexism. Interestingly, there was no association between mate access and regulating female sexual autonomy neither in terms of sexism nor in terms of opposing women's sexual freedom. We also found a correlation between education and sexism, indicating respondents reporting a lower education reported more sexism. To conclude, the results are mixed and calls for further research.

{"title":"Failing to attract a female partner – Are low mate value and low mate access associated with regulating female sexual autonomy in men?","authors":"Catharina Walldén, Annika Gunst, Julia Andersson, Jeremia Sjöblom, Jan Antfolk","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We tested the hypothesis that individual differences in capacity to attract female partners is associated with regulating female sexual autonomy in men. Building on evolutionary theories of female choice, we hypothesized that men with low (vs. high) mate value and low (vs. high) mate access are more motivated to limit female choice, and, therefore, to adopt sexism and oppose women's sexual freedom. We used self-reports of mate value, mate access, sexism and, opposing women's sexual freedom from 159 men and examined associations between these self-reports by using structural equation modeling. We also inspected individual differences in regulating female sexual autonomy based on income, education, and socioeconomic status. As expected, men with low (vs. high) mate value displayed more sexism. Interestingly, there was no association between mate access and regulating female sexual autonomy neither in terms of sexism nor in terms of opposing women's sexual freedom. We also found a correlation between education and sexism, indicating respondents reporting a lower education reported more sexism. To conclude, the results are mixed and calls for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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