Personality and Individual Differences最新文献

英文中文

The predictive roles of Dark Triad, Big Five personality traits, loneliness, and attachment to caregivers in social media addiction: A cross-national study in Türkiye and Kyrgyzstan 黑暗人格特质、大五人格特质、孤独感和对照顾者的依恋在社交媒体成瘾中的预测作用：一项在塔吉克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦的跨国研究

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113598

Emrah Özsoy , Mark D. Griffiths , Ömer Alperen Onay , Gülay Tinmaz Karaçay , Sümeyya Koç , Sümeyye Erol , Aaron Cohen , Kadir Ardiç

Social media addiction (SMA) is a form of behavioral addiction that can impact individuals' social, mental, and physical well-being. Although many studies have examined the effects of SMA, its individual antecedents have been relatively underexplored from a cross-national perspective. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the predictors of SMA, including the Dark Triad, Big Five personality traits, loneliness, and attachment styles stemming from early experiences with caregivers (anxious and avoidant attachment). The sample comprised 604 university students (369 from Türkiye and 235 from Kyrgyzstan). Data were collected through standardized self-report scales, and descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, group comparisons, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that conscientiousness was the strongest negative predictor of social media addiction (SMA) in both samples. Additionally, neuroticism positively predicted SMA in both countries. Anxious attachment emerged as a significant positive predictor in the Turkish sample, whereas loneliness, extraversion, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy were significant predictors of SMA in the Kyrgyz sample. Females reported higher levels of SMA among both samples. Although the antecedents of SMA appear to vary across cultural contexts, specific personality traits (i.e., low conscientiousness and high neuroticism), consistently emerged as stronger risk factors across both samples.

社交媒体成瘾（SMA）是一种行为成瘾，会影响个人的社交、心理和身体健康。虽然许多研究已经检查了SMA的影响，但从跨国角度来看，其个体前因的探索相对不足。因此，本研究旨在比较SMA的预测因素，包括黑暗三合一、大五人格特征、孤独和早期与照顾者的依恋类型（焦虑型和回避型依恋）。样本包括604名大学生（369名来自吉尔吉斯斯坦，235名来自吉尔吉斯斯坦）。采用标准化自述量表收集数据，进行描述性统计、相关分析、分组比较、分层多元回归分析。层次回归分析显示，在两个样本中，责任心是社交媒体成瘾（SMA）的最强负向预测因子。此外，在这两个国家，神经质正预测SMA。焦虑依恋在土耳其样本中成为显著的正向预测因子，而孤独、外向性、马基雅维利主义和精神病在吉尔吉斯样本中成为显著的SMA预测因子。在两个样本中，女性报告的SMA水平较高。尽管SMA的前因在不同的文化背景下似乎有所不同，但特定的人格特征（即低责任心和高神经质）在两个样本中始终作为更强的风险因素出现。

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引用次数: 0

Inside Front Cover - Ed. Board, Aims and Scope, Copyright, Publication information, Orders and Claims, Advertising information, Author inquiries, Permissions, Funding body, Permanence of paper, Impressum (German titles only) and GFA link in double column 封面内部-编辑板，目的和范围，版权，出版信息，订单和索赔，广告信息，作者查询，许可，资助机构，纸张的持久性，印象（仅限德国标题）和GFA链接在双栏

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(25)00568-9

引用次数: 0

ISSID Pages

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(25)00569-0

引用次数: 0

Too positive to act? Positivity, psychological distance, and collective action intentions in response to global threats 太积极而不采取行动？应对全球威胁的积极性、心理距离和集体行动意图

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113601

Federica Scarci , Silvana Mula , Sofia Sorvillo , Annalisa Theodorou

Individuals today face two major global threats: climate change and the potential outbreak of a world war. Understanding the psychological factors that shape collective engagement in response to such threats is essential. This research focuses on positivity, a stable disposition potentially reflecting a balanced time perspective, which may influence how individuals mentally represent threats and behavioral responses to them. Drawing on Construal Level Theory, we hypothesized that higher levels of positivity may be associated with greater perceived psychological distance (across temporal, social, and hypothetical dimensions) from existential threats, thereby reducing intentions to engage in collective and mitigative actions. Two correlational studies were conducted with Italian adult samples. Study 1 (N = 168) tested a mediation model in which positivity predicted lower intentions to engage in war-related collective action via increased psychological distance from the threat of a global war. Study 2 (N = 283) replicated this model and extended it to climate change mitigation. In both studies, higher positivity was associated with greater psychological distance, which in turn predicted lower behavioral intentions, through a fully mediated pathway. These findings highlight a potential collateral effect of positivity and suggest that reducing perceived distance from existential threats may enhance collective engagement.

今天，个人面临着两大全球性威胁：气候变化和可能爆发的世界大战。了解影响集体参与应对此类威胁的心理因素至关重要。这项研究的重点是积极性，一种稳定的性格，潜在地反映了平衡的时间观，这可能会影响个体在心理上如何表现威胁和对威胁的行为反应。根据解释水平理论，我们假设更高水平的积极性可能与存在威胁的更大感知心理距离（跨越时间、社会和假设维度）有关，从而减少参与集体和缓解行动的意图。对意大利成人样本进行了两项相关研究。研究1 （N = 168）测试了一个中介模型，在这个模型中，积极预测通过增加对全球战争威胁的心理距离来降低参与与战争有关的集体行动的意图。研究2 （N = 283）复制了这一模型，并将其扩展到减缓气候变化。在这两项研究中，更高的积极性与更大的心理距离有关，这反过来又通过完全介导的途径预测更低的行为意图。这些发现强调了积极性的潜在附带效应，并表明减少与存在威胁的感知距离可能会提高集体参与度。

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引用次数: 0

The relationship between the narcissism and prosocial behavior: The role of benign and malicious envy 自恋与亲社会行为的关系：善意嫉妒与恶意嫉妒的作用

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113593

Jie Dong , Xiao Xiao

As education and economic development advance, contemporary society increasingly emphasizes personal values and self-actualization. Consequently, there is increasing scholarly interest in the personality trait of narcissism. The existing literature presents conflicting findings regarding the relationship between narcissism and prosocial behaviors. This study focuses on the mediating roles of benign envy, malicious envy, and the sense of control. We conducted a cross-sectional survey with 611 Chinese university students who completed self-report measures.

Our findings reveal dual mediation pathways: benign envy and heightened control mediate narcissistic admiration positive's effect on prosocial behavior, while malicious envy with impaired control explains malicious narcissism's negative influence. By demonstrating how envy subtypes and perceived control differentially transmit self-oriented motivations to social actions. Specifically, benign envy's prosocial enhancement aligns with conceptualizations of envy as a self-improvement driver.

随着教育和经济的发展，当代社会越来越强调个人价值和自我实现。因此，学术界对自恋的人格特征越来越感兴趣。关于自恋和亲社会行为之间的关系，现有文献给出了相互矛盾的发现。本研究主要探讨良性嫉妒、恶意嫉妒与控制感的中介作用。我们对611名完成自我报告测量的中国大学生进行了横断面调查。本研究揭示了双重中介途径：良性嫉妒和高度控制介导自恋崇拜对亲社会行为的正向影响，而控制受损的恶意嫉妒则解释了恶意自恋的负向影响。通过展示嫉妒亚型和感知控制如何以不同的方式将自我导向动机传递给社会行为。具体来说，良性嫉妒的亲社会增强与嫉妒作为自我提升驱动力的概念一致。

引用次数: 0

Beyond secularism: Exploring non-traditional forms of spirituality within the political left 超越世俗主义：探索政治左派内部的非传统灵性形式

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113600

Laureano Brisuela-Blume , Diego Avendaño , Angelo Fasce

This research investigates the presence of religiosity and spirituality within the political left in Spanish-speaking contexts. Using a multidimensional model of spirituality—encompassing cognitive, experiential, existential, paranormal, and religious dimensions—two studies were conducted with international and Argentinean samples (total N = 1699). Regression analyses confirmed the expected positive link between religiousness and right-wing ideology but revealed heterogeneous associations between left-wing ideology and non-traditional spirituality. A latent profile analysis identified a distinct subgroup of left-wing spiritual participants characterized by high cognitive and experiential spirituality, elevated paranormal beliefs, and low religiousness compared to its conservative counterpart. These findings reveal a progressive form of spirituality that diverges from secular progressivism and conservative religiosity, offering evidence that spirituality also emerges within left-wing worldviews in Hispanic societies. This form of progressive spirituality may reflect cultural specificities rooted in left-wing ideologies and movements, illustrating how spiritual beliefs can shape political identity and collective engagement beyond traditional ideological boundaries.

本研究调查了西班牙语背景下政治左派中宗教信仰和灵性的存在。使用灵性的多维模型——包括认知、经验、存在、超自然和宗教维度——对国际和阿根廷的样本进行了两项研究（总N = 1699）。回归分析证实了宗教信仰与右翼意识形态之间的积极联系，但揭示了左翼意识形态与非传统灵性之间的异质性联系。一项潜在剖面分析发现了一个独特的左翼精神参与者亚组，与保守的参与者相比，他们具有高度的认知和经验灵性，高度的超自然信仰和低宗教信仰。这些发现揭示了一种进步的灵性形式，它不同于世俗的进步主义和保守的宗教信仰，提供了证据，证明灵性也出现在西班牙社会的左翼世界观中。这种形式的进步精神可能反映了根植于左翼意识形态和运动的文化特殊性，说明了精神信仰如何塑造政治身份和超越传统意识形态界限的集体参与。

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引用次数: 0

Cross-cultural comparison of the association between personality traits and subjective well-being across India, Mozambique, Portugal, Sweden and United States 印度、莫桑比克、葡萄牙、瑞典和美国人格特质与主观幸福感之间关系的跨文化比较

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113583

Iolanda Costa Galinha , João Pedro da Silva , Cicero Pereira

Objective

Previous research established that personality is one of the main contributors to subjective well-being (SWB), particularly Neuroticism and Extraversion. Less is known about the role of culture on the relationship between Personality and Well-Being. Thus, the aim of this study is to test whether the contribution of the Big Five Personality Traits (B5PT) to SWB is similar or varying across five different countries and cultures.

Method

A cross-sectional associative study and a comparative structural equation modelling analysis was conducted on data collected from five samples of university students: the US (N = 497), Sweden (N = 551), Portugal (N = 497), Mozambique (N = 544), and India (N = 574). Configural equivalence was tested and observed across four samples, except in the Mozambican sample that was analysed separately.

Results

As expected, Neuroticism and Extraversion were the major contributors to SWB across samples, followed by the Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Openness traits. Significant differences were observed across countries in the contribution of the mean-computed B5PT to SWB variables. These differences may be related with variations in the countries' long-term orientation and individualism, but also masculinity.

Conclusion

Results suggest that the relationship between B5PT and SWB is context-specific and future studies should test the moderation of individualism, long-term orientation and masculinity cultural dimensions.

目的以往的研究表明，人格是主观幸福感（SWB）的主要因素之一，尤其是神经质和外向性。人们对文化在人格和幸福感之间的关系中所起的作用知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是测试五大人格特质（B5PT）对幸福感的贡献在五个不同的国家和文化中是相似的还是不同的。方法对美国（N = 497）、瑞典（N = 551）、葡萄牙（N = 497）、莫桑比克（N = 544）和印度（N = 574） 5个大学生样本的数据进行横断面关联研究和比较结构方程模型分析。除了单独分析的莫桑比克样本外，对四个样本进行了结构等效性测试和观察。结果正如预期的那样，神经质和外向性是各样本主观幸福感的主要影响因素，其次是尽责性、宜人性和开放性。在平均计算的B5PT对SWB变量的贡献方面，各国之间存在显著差异。这些差异可能与各国长期取向和个人主义的差异有关，但也与男子气概有关。结论B5PT与主观幸福感的关系具有情境特异性，未来的研究应检验个人主义、长期取向和男性气质文化维度的调节作用。

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引用次数: 0

Temporal focus and the path to well-being: The mediating role of time management 时间焦点与幸福之路：时间管理的中介作用

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113589

Anel Hasic , Wendelien van Eerde

We constantly experience a sense of time poverty, which might be lowering our well-being. Temporal focus, derived from time perspective, and time management are associated with well-being. But how temporal focus relates to well-being is not clearly understood. The trait–behavior model suggests that temporal orientations influence well-being through behaviors. We surveyed university students (N = 410) by combining two equivalent samples from 2022 (N = 207) and 2025 (N = 203) to examine the relationship between temporal focus (trait), time management (behavior), and well-being.

Time management fully mediated the relationship between future focus and well-being, and partly mediated the relationship between present focus and well-being, emphasizing the crucial role of these foci in this process. Past focus was not significantly associated with well-being or time management.

In light of Zimbardo's work on time perspective—including past-positive and past-negative—we conducted an exploratory analysis using Sample 2. Time perspective explained additional variance in well-being beyond temporal focus and time management, highlighting its continued relevance in well-being research. Overall, time management appears to be a key mechanism linking present and future focus to well-being, while more research could integrate time perspective to better understand how past orientations relate to well-being.

我们经常经历一种时间贫乏的感觉，这可能会降低我们的幸福感。从时间角度出发的时间焦点和时间管理与幸福感有关。但时间焦点与幸福感之间的关系尚不清楚。特质-行为模型表明，时间取向通过行为影响幸福感。我们将2022年（N = 207）和2025年（N = 203）的两个等效样本结合起来，对410名大学生进行了调查，以检验时间焦点（特征）、时间管理（行为）和幸福感之间的关系。时间管理充分中介了未来焦点与幸福感之间的关系，部分中介了现在焦点与幸福感之间的关系，强调了这些焦点在这一过程中的关键作用。过去的注意力与幸福感或时间管理没有显著的联系。鉴于津巴多在时间视角上的工作——包括过去的积极和过去的消极——我们使用样本2进行了探索性分析。时间视角解释了时间焦点和时间管理之外的其他幸福感差异，强调了其在幸福感研究中的持续相关性。总的来说，时间管理似乎是连接现在和未来关注幸福的关键机制，而更多的研究可以整合时间视角，以更好地理解过去的取向与幸福的关系。

{"title":"Temporal focus and the path to well-being: The mediating role of time management","authors":"Anel Hasic , Wendelien van Eerde","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We constantly experience a sense of time poverty, which might be lowering our well-being. Temporal focus, derived from time perspective, and time management are associated with well-being. But <em>how</em> temporal focus relates to well-being is not clearly understood. The trait–behavior model suggests that temporal orientations influence well-being through behaviors. We surveyed university students (<em>N</em> = 410) by combining two equivalent samples from 2022 (<em>N</em> = 207) and 2025 (<em>N</em> = 203) to examine the relationship between temporal focus (trait), time management (behavior), and well-being.</div><div>Time management fully mediated the relationship between future focus and well-being, and partly mediated the relationship between present focus and well-being, emphasizing the crucial role of these foci in this process. Past focus was not significantly associated with well-being or time management.</div><div>In light of Zimbardo's work on time perspective—including past-positive and past-negative—we conducted an exploratory analysis using Sample 2. Time perspective explained additional variance in well-being beyond temporal focus and time management, highlighting its continued relevance in well-being research. Overall, time management appears to be a key mechanism linking present and future focus to well-being, while more research could integrate time perspective to better understand how past <em>orientations</em> relate to well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 113589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal disruptions of reality perception in depersonalization 去人格化中现实感知的时空中断

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113569

Julia Ayache , Malika Auvray , Anna Ciaunica

Experiences of time and space are core constituents of the sense of bodily self. Depersonalization (DP) is a condition characterized by distressing feelings of estrangement from the self, body and the external world. While previous studies showed that perception of the space close to the body (i.e., peri-personal space) remains intact in DP, time perception is disrupted. The origin of this asymmetry remains an open question. Addressing this gap, this online study (N = 1338) investigated the relation between DP traits measured by the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (CDS) and altered subjective experiences of body, time, and space perception. The results demonstrated strong relationships between CDS facets and distorted experiences of time, bodily self and space. When considering the shared variance of CDS facets, different patterns emerge. The Anomalous Body Experiences facet is associated with time slowing down and represented a core aspect of DP contributing to spatiotemporal disruptions. In contrast, the Alienation from Surroundings facet is associated with time speeding up, leading to different patterns of spatiotemporal disruptions. Altogether, these results suggest that distinct DP facets related to body and world perception need to be disentangled to better understand the mechanisms underlying atypical space and time perception in this population.

时间和空间的体验是身体自我感觉的核心组成部分。人格解体（DP）是一种以与自我、身体和外部世界疏远的痛苦感觉为特征的状态。虽然先前的研究表明，DP患者对靠近身体的空间（即周围个人空间）的感知保持完整，但时间感知被破坏。这种不对称的起源仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。针对这一空白，本在线研究（N = 1338）调查了剑桥去人格化量表（CDS）测量的DP特征与改变的身体、时间和空间感知的主观体验之间的关系。结果表明，CDS方面与时间、身体自我和空间的扭曲体验之间存在很强的关系。在考虑CDS方面的共享方差时，会出现不同的模式。异常身体体验方面与时间减慢有关，是DP导致时空中断的一个核心方面。与此相反，与环境的疏离与时间的加速有关，导致不同的时空中断模式。总之，这些结果表明，需要解开与身体和世界感知相关的不同DP方面，以更好地理解该人群非典型空间和时间感知的机制。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing daily decision-making behavior: A two-dimensional orientation–intensity framework linking dual-process theory and psychological states 评估日常决策行为：连接双过程理论和心理状态的二维取向-强度框架

IF 2.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113595

Naoki Konishi , Yuji Takeda , Motoyuki Akamatsu , Motohiro Kimura , Fumie Sugimoto , Heishiro Toyoda

Human decision-making shifts between intuitive, automatic (System 1) and deliberative (System 2) processing. Although this dual-process theory has been widely discussed, how these processes function in real-world contexts and how strongly individuals engage in daily decision-making remains unclear. Most previous studies have examined trait-level preferences for intuition versus deliberation, leaving open questions about how these processes are dynamically allocated. Existing measures rarely capture both the direction of processing and the intensity of engagement. To address the gap between experimental tasks and everyday cognition, we developed a two-dimensional framework of daily decision-making: Orientation—reliance on System 1 vs. System 2—and Intensity—overall engagement. Japanese adults (N = 500) rated System 1/2-oriented behaviors in novel and familiar contexts and evaluated their current decision-making. Factor analyses identified Orientation and Intensity as independent dimensions. Regression results showed that stronger System 2 orientation related to lower stress and negative affect but higher autonomy and interpersonal spaciousness, whereas greater Intensity related to higher well-being, autonomy, and psychological spaciousness. These findings indicate that Orientation and Intensity are distinct yet complementary, providing a dynamic, ecological account of everyday decision-making. Extending dual-process theory to real-world contexts, this framework highlights the relevance of both dimensions for understanding daily cognition and psychological experience.

人类的决策在直觉、自动（系统1）和慎重（系统2）处理之间转换。尽管这种双过程理论已被广泛讨论，但这些过程在现实环境中如何发挥作用，以及个人在日常决策中的参与程度如何，仍不清楚。之前的大多数研究都考察了直觉和深思熟虑的特质偏好，留下了这些过程是如何动态分配的开放性问题。现有措施很少能同时反映处理的方向和参与的强度。为了解决实验任务和日常认知之间的差距，我们开发了一个日常决策的二维框架：取向-依赖系统1 vs.系统2和强度-全面参与。日本成年人（N = 500）在新的和熟悉的环境中对系统1/2导向的行为进行评分，并评估他们当前的决策。因子分析确定取向和强度为独立的维度。回归结果表明，系统2取向越强，压力和负性情绪越低，自主性和人际交往空间越大；系统2取向越强，幸福感、自主性和心理空间越大。这些发现表明，取向和强度是截然不同的，但又互补，为日常决策提供了动态的生态解释。将双过程理论扩展到现实世界，该框架强调了理解日常认知和心理体验的两个维度的相关性。

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