Personality and Individual Differences最新文献

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Reflection moderates the link between loneliness and eudaimonic well-being in mothers of young children: A COVID-19 pandemic study

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113088

Dominik Borawski , Monika Czaja

Loneliness is a significant threat to well-being and was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for vulnerable groups such as mothers of young children. Although much needed, research on protective factors against maternal loneliness is lacking. The present study aimed to address this gap by investigating whether reflection, understood as curiosity-driven self-focused attention, could moderate the relationship between loneliness and eudaimonic well-being (EWB) during the pandemic. The hypotheses predicted that loneliness in the romantic, family, and social domains would be negatively associated with EWB, and that these relationships would weaken with an increase in reflection. In a cross-sectional study of 559 Polish women (aged 20–46, M = 30.72, SD = 4.11) with one child under 6 years, participants completed measures of loneliness, EWB, and reflection, with rumination as a covariate. We used the latent variable interaction approach to test main and interaction effects. As hypothesized, loneliness domains negatively correlated with EWB, moderated by reflection. Higher reflection weakened links between social and family loneliness and EWB. Considering that the cognitive characteristics of reflection can be effectively developed through training, these findings can inspire psychological interventions dedicated to coping with the loneliness experienced by mothers of young children.

{"title":"Reflection moderates the link between loneliness and eudaimonic well-being in mothers of young children: A COVID-19 pandemic study","authors":"Dominik Borawski , Monika Czaja","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loneliness is a significant threat to well-being and was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for vulnerable groups such as mothers of young children. Although much needed, research on protective factors against maternal loneliness is lacking. The present study aimed to address this gap by investigating whether reflection, understood as curiosity-driven self-focused attention, could moderate the relationship between loneliness and eudaimonic well-being (EWB) during the pandemic. The hypotheses predicted that loneliness in the romantic, family, and social domains would be negatively associated with EWB, and that these relationships would weaken with an increase in reflection. In a cross-sectional study of 559 Polish women (aged 20–46, <em>M</em> = 30.72, <em>SD</em> = 4.11) with one child under 6 years, participants completed measures of loneliness, EWB, and reflection, with rumination as a covariate. We used the latent variable interaction approach to test main and interaction effects. As hypothesized, loneliness domains negatively correlated with EWB, moderated by reflection. Higher reflection weakened links between social and family loneliness and EWB. Considering that the cognitive characteristics of reflection can be effectively developed through training, these findings can inspire psychological interventions dedicated to coping with the loneliness experienced by mothers of young children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 113088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143199475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of mindful with your baby training on infant temperament: What parental factors are at play?

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113084

Eva S. Potharst , Robin Kraakman , Susan M. Bögels , Cristina Colonnesi

Difficult infant temperament and problems in parental functioning can form a vicious circle and have negative long-term consequences for healthy child development. Mindful with your baby (MwyB) has been shown to have positive effects on different areas of parental functioning. This study aims to evaluate whether there is also a positive effect on infant temperament, and through which areas of parental functioning a possible improvement may occur. Mothers (n = 53) of 0–14 month-old infants completed questionnaires at pretest, posttest and follow-up and participated in a MwyB training between pretest and posttest. Mother-reported infant smiling and laughter, and soothability increased at posttest and follow-up whereas sadness and distress to limitation decreased at posttest only. There was no change in cuddliness. Improvements in parenting, maternal (mental) health factors, and coparenting (but not mindfulness factors) between pretest and posttest were predictive of a decrease in difficult infant temperament at follow-up. Improvement in difficult infant temperament between pretest and posttest did not predict improvement in maternal functioning, except for physical health complaints. MwyB may be suitable for mothers who experience problems in their functioning and who experience their infant's temperament as difficult.

{"title":"Effect of mindful with your baby training on infant temperament: What parental factors are at play?","authors":"Eva S. Potharst , Robin Kraakman , Susan M. Bögels , Cristina Colonnesi","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Difficult infant temperament and problems in parental functioning can form a vicious circle and have negative long-term consequences for healthy child development. Mindful with your baby (MwyB) has been shown to have positive effects on different areas of parental functioning. This study aims to evaluate whether there is also a positive effect on infant temperament, and through which areas of parental functioning a possible improvement may occur. Mothers (<em>n</em> = 53) of 0–14 month-old infants completed questionnaires at pretest, posttest and follow-up and participated in a MwyB training between pretest and posttest. Mother-reported infant smiling and laughter, and soothability increased at posttest and follow-up whereas sadness and distress to limitation decreased at posttest only. There was no change in cuddliness. Improvements in parenting, maternal (mental) health factors, and coparenting (but not mindfulness factors) between pretest and posttest were predictive of a decrease in difficult infant temperament at follow-up. Improvement in difficult infant temperament between pretest and posttest did not predict improvement in maternal functioning, except for physical health complaints. MwyB may be suitable for mothers who experience problems in their functioning and who experience their infant's temperament as difficult.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 113084"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143199511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parents' education anxiety and adolescents' academic burnout: The role of parenting style and academic self-efficacy

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113082

Lei Yang , Silu Shrestha , Siqun Zhan , Fangqi Cheng

Parents in the examination-based education system place great importance on the academic performance of the next generation. This study investigates the relationship between parental educational anxiety and adolescents' academic burnout, focusing on the mediating roles of parenting style (emotional warmth, rejection, and over-protection) and academic self-efficacy in Chinese families. The findings indicate that parental educational anxiety can affect adolescents' academic self-efficacy through emotional warmth but not through rejection and being over-protective. Importantly, emotional warmth and academic self-efficacy mediated between parental educational anxiety and academic burnout, both parallelly and sequentially. This study underscores the importance of positive and supportive parenting practices in alleviating academic stress among adolescents in high-pressure educational environments.

引用次数: 0

The ick: Disgust sensitivity, narcissism, and perfectionism in mate choice thresholds

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113086

Brian Collisson, Eliana Saunders, Chloe Yin

The “ick” is a sudden and visceral aversion to a romantic partner, often triggered by behaviors or characteristics that superficially signal incompatibility or low mate quality. This study examined individual differences in disgust sensitivity, narcissism, and other-oriented perfectionism as correlates of the ick, as well as gender differences in ick familiarity and frequency. A pilot analysis of TikTok videos (#theick) identified common ick triggers, informing the main study's behavioral assessments. A sample of single adults (N = 125) reported their familiarity with and experiences of the ick and completed measures of disgust sensitivity, narcissism, and perfectionism. Women were more likely than men to be familiar with the term (63 % vs. 39 %) and to have experienced the ick (75 % vs. 57 %), though frequency did not differ by gender. Greater disgust sensitivity was associated with both the likelihood and frequency of experiencing the ick, suggesting that heightened aversion to minor partner cues may shape mate rejection thresholds. Narcissism correlated with the likelihood—but not frequency—of experiencing the ick, indicating that narcissistic people may selectively reject partners based on specific perceived flaws. Perfectionism was associated with both likelihood and frequency, suggesting that people with rigid standards experience the ick more often. Findings suggest that while the ick may help people identify potential mate incompatibilities, it may also lead to overly rigid rejection standards.

{"title":"The ick: Disgust sensitivity, narcissism, and perfectionism in mate choice thresholds","authors":"Brian Collisson, Eliana Saunders, Chloe Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The “ick” is a sudden and visceral aversion to a romantic partner, often triggered by behaviors or characteristics that superficially signal incompatibility or low mate quality. This study examined individual differences in disgust sensitivity, narcissism, and other-oriented perfectionism as correlates of the ick, as well as gender differences in ick familiarity and frequency. A pilot analysis of TikTok videos (#theick) identified common ick triggers, informing the main study's behavioral assessments. A sample of single adults (<em>N</em> = 125) reported their familiarity with and experiences of the ick and completed measures of disgust sensitivity, narcissism, and perfectionism. Women were more likely than men to be familiar with the term (63 % vs. 39 %) and to have experienced the ick (75 % vs. 57 %), though frequency did not differ by gender. Greater disgust sensitivity was associated with both the likelihood and frequency of experiencing the ick, suggesting that heightened aversion to minor partner cues may shape mate rejection thresholds. Narcissism correlated with the likelihood—but not frequency—of experiencing the ick, indicating that narcissistic people may selectively reject partners based on specific perceived flaws. Perfectionism was associated with both likelihood and frequency, suggesting that people with rigid standards experience the ick more often. Findings suggest that while the ick may help people identify potential mate incompatibilities, it may also lead to overly rigid rejection standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 113086"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143199474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do maternal and paternal social trait anxiety explain individual differences in offspring stress reactions during a social performance task?

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113083

Evin Aktar , Milica Nikolic , Xiaoxue Fu , Koraly Pérez-Edgar

Social anxiety runs in families. This multi-method study explored the links between maternal and paternal trait social anxiety and child stress reactions in a social performance task in a community sample of 4-to-6-year-old children (N = 68, M = 5.27 years) and their parents. Mothers and fathers reported their and their children's social anxiety via questionnaires. Child stress reactions were captured in a social performance task using behavioral (observed anxiety and avoidance), and physiological (heart rate [HR] and heart rate variability [HRV]) indices. Only the child's own, but not their mother's or father's, social anxiety predicted behavioral stress reactions: Children with higher levels of social trait anxiety were more anxious (but not more avoidant). The child's own, as well as their father's (but not the mother's) social anxiety, predicted the child's physiological stress reactions. Stronger anxiety in fathers predicted stronger HR responses, whereas child social anxiety was linked to reduced HR during social performance. In addition to a robust link of child trait social anxiety to child physiological stress reactions, the findings suggest interparental differences in the link between parental traits and offspring physiological stress reactions.

{"title":"Do maternal and paternal social trait anxiety explain individual differences in offspring stress reactions during a social performance task?","authors":"Evin Aktar , Milica Nikolic , Xiaoxue Fu , Koraly Pérez-Edgar","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social anxiety runs in families. This multi-method study explored the links between maternal and paternal trait social anxiety and child stress reactions in a social performance task in a community sample of 4-to-6-year-old children (<em>N</em> = 68, <em>M</em> = 5.27 years) and their parents. Mothers and fathers reported their and their children's social anxiety via questionnaires. Child stress reactions were captured in a social performance task using behavioral (observed anxiety and avoidance), and physiological (heart rate [HR] and heart rate variability [HRV]) indices. Only the child's own, but not their mother's or father's, social anxiety predicted behavioral stress reactions: Children with higher levels of social trait anxiety were more anxious (but not more avoidant). The child's own, as well as their father's (but not the mother's) social anxiety, predicted the child's physiological stress reactions. Stronger anxiety in fathers predicted stronger HR responses, whereas child social anxiety was linked to reduced HR during social performance. In addition to a robust link of child trait social anxiety to child physiological stress reactions, the findings suggest interparental differences in the link between parental traits and offspring physiological stress reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 113083"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143199510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A meta-analysis of rumination and digital addiction

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113074

Feng Gao , Xu Du

Over the past decade, many studies have examined the relationship between rumination and digital addiction. However, these studies still require systematic organization and meta-analysis. The purpose of this study is to conduct 109 studies (N = 113,219) and 117 effect sizes in this manner. A meta-analysis of random effects showed a positive correlation (r = 0.34) between rumination and digital addiction. The moderating factors of the relationship include rumination scale and types of digital addiction. The research results indicate that rumination is closely related to digital addiction, and rumination may increase the probability of individual digital addiction. However, more evidence is still needed to prove the possible causal relationship between the two.

引用次数: 0

The role of temperament and personality traits in assessing reaction efficiency in a homogeneous population of pilot candidates

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113081

Marcin Piotr Biernacki, Piotr Zieliński, Łukasz Dziuda

Pilots are a highly pre-selected and relatively homogeneous population and have relatively limited individual differences. In the present study, we examined the extent to which temperament and personality traits influence the basic dimensions of reaction efficiency in pilot candidates. We considered the results of 799 subjects, using canonical correlation analysis to determine the relationship between the two groups of variables. We employed the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour – Temperament Inventory and the Neuroticism–Extraversion–Openness Five Factor Inventory to assess temperament and personality traits. In addition, we evaluated reaction efficiency based on the Determination Test, the Cognitrone Test, and the Reaction Test, which are part of the Vienna Test System battery. The processing speed indicators, as well as the number of errors, were the main contributors to reaction efficiency. Based on the structure coefficients, we concluded that higher neuroticism is associated with lower speed and a higher number of errors, as well as lower briskness, activity, and extraversion. These traits can explain a significant proportion of the test performance results, despite the minor interpersonal variability in temperament and personality traits.

{"title":"The role of temperament and personality traits in assessing reaction efficiency in a homogeneous population of pilot candidates","authors":"Marcin Piotr Biernacki, Piotr Zieliński, Łukasz Dziuda","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pilots are a highly pre-selected and relatively homogeneous population and have relatively limited individual differences. In the present study, we examined the extent to which temperament and personality traits influence the basic dimensions of reaction efficiency in pilot candidates. We considered the results of 799 subjects, using canonical correlation analysis to determine the relationship between the two groups of variables. We employed the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour – Temperament Inventory and the Neuroticism–Extraversion–Openness Five Factor Inventory to assess temperament and personality traits. In addition, we evaluated reaction efficiency based on the Determination Test, the Cognitrone Test, and the Reaction Test, which are part of the Vienna Test System battery. The processing speed indicators, as well as the number of errors, were the main contributors to reaction efficiency. Based on the structure coefficients, we concluded that higher neuroticism is associated with lower speed and a higher number of errors, as well as lower briskness, activity, and extraversion. These traits can explain a significant proportion of the test performance results, despite the minor interpersonal variability in temperament and personality traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 113081"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Adult attachment and prolonged grief: A systematic review and meta-analysis” [Personality and Individual Differences 214 (2023) 112315]

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113068

Maarten C. Eisma , Kathrin Bernemann , Lena Aehlig , Antje Janshen , Bettina K. Doering

引用次数: 0

The effects of observed ostracism on social avoidance: The role of fear of negative evaluation and rumination

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113080

Yingge Zhu , Yiren Yan , Denghao Zhang

Previous research on social exclusion has mostly focused on the effects of ostracism on the excluded or the excluder. This paper focuses on the largest group in exclusion situations—observers—and uses three studies and five experiments to explore the effects of observed ostracism on social avoidance and its mechanisms. Study 1 preliminarily explored the effects of observed ostracism on observers' social avoidance. Study 2 progressively validated the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation through three experiments. Study 3 further explored the moderating role of rumination. The results showed that (1) observed ostracism increased observers' social avoidance; (2) fear of negative evaluation mediated the relationship between observed ostracism and social avoidance; (3) rumination moderated the relationship between observed ostracism and fear of negative evaluation. Compared to individuals with low rumination, individuals with high rumination are more likely to experience fear of negative evaluation after observing ostracism. These findings highlight the impact of social exclusion on observers and provide theoretical support for interventions targeting social issues.

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引用次数: 0

Spitefulness and envy: The mediating role of justice sensitivity

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113076

Virgil Zeigler-Hill , Jennifer Vonk , Tyler Jones , David K. Marcus , Destaney Sauls , Gracynn Young

We examined the associations that the trait of spitefulness had with the benign and malicious forms of dispositional envy as well as the role that justice sensitivity played in these associations. In Study 1 (N = 901 undergraduate students), trait spitefulness was positively associated with malicious envy even when controlling for basic personality dimensions, whereas it was not associated with benign envy. In Study 2 (N = 356 undergraduate students) and Study 3 (N = 748 community members), the positive association that spitefulness had with malicious envy was mediated by the tendency to view oneself as a victim of injustice as well as a lack of concern about whether one treats others in a fair and just manner. Studies 2 and 3 also revealed that spitefulness had an unexpected indirect association with benign envy through the tendency to view oneself as a victim. Taken together, these results suggest that the connection between spitefulness and dispositional envy – especially the malicious form of envy – may be due, at least in part, to a self-centered view of fairness that is focused on one's own welfare combined with a disregard for whether others are treated in a fair or just manner.

{"title":"Spitefulness and envy: The mediating role of justice sensitivity","authors":"Virgil Zeigler-Hill , Jennifer Vonk , Tyler Jones , David K. Marcus , Destaney Sauls , Gracynn Young","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examined the associations that the trait of spitefulness had with the benign and malicious forms of dispositional envy as well as the role that justice sensitivity played in these associations. In Study 1 (<em>N</em> = 901 undergraduate students), trait spitefulness was positively associated with malicious envy even when controlling for basic personality dimensions, whereas it was not associated with benign envy. In Study 2 (<em>N</em> = 356 undergraduate students) and Study 3 (<em>N</em> = 748 community members), the positive association that spitefulness had with malicious envy was mediated by the tendency to view oneself as a victim of injustice as well as a lack of concern about whether one treats others in a fair and just manner. Studies 2 and 3 also revealed that spitefulness had an unexpected indirect association with benign envy through the tendency to view oneself as a victim. Taken together, these results suggest that the connection between spitefulness and dispositional envy – especially the malicious form of envy – may be due, at least in part, to a self-centered view of fairness that is focused on one's own welfare combined with a disregard for whether others are treated in a fair or just manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 113076"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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