Personality and Individual Differences最新文献

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The cognitive dynamics of honesty: How discrepancy levels of conflict influence ethical decision-making

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113141

Jing Liang , Jun Qian , Ya-Jing Zhang , Wang-Cheng Cen , Wen-Jing Yan

Research on ethical decision-making debates whether honesty is intuitive or controlled. Recent studies propose internalized strategies, suggesting individual propensity differences in honest or dishonest responses. This study examined how discrepancy levels of conflict affect RTs in ethical decisions for people with different internalized strategies. All the 128 participants (honest, occasional cheaters, or frequent cheaters) completed visual perception tasks (seven discrepancy levels) measuring unethical behavior. Occasional cheaters showed significantly different RTs under conflict conditions (F (6, 288) = 6.96, p < 0.001), with highest discrepancy causing longer times (mean differences from 36.84 to 47.82 ms, p < 0.01 or p < 0.001). Honest participants and frequent cheaters showed no significant differences across discrepancy levels of conflict. For frequent cheaters, there was a significant negative correlation between mean RTs difference (conflict minus non-conflict condition) and cheating frequency (r = −0.77, p < 0.001), while occasional cheaters showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.60, p < 0.001). The study shows ethical conflict affects decision-making differently based on individuals' internalized strategies. These findings provide a nuanced view of ethical decision-making, challenging simple models and suggesting personalized approaches to promote ethical behavior.

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引用次数: 0

Technical comment on Pu, J., & Gan, X. (2025). When love constrains: The impact of parental psychological control on dark personality development in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 238, 113093

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113130

Zhaoyang Xie

This paper critiques the study conducted by Pu and Gan (2025), which utilized longitudinal data to explore the relationship between parental psychological control and dark personality traits. While the study offers valuable insights into the development of dark personality characteristics, several issues are evident. Firstly, the graphical representations lack standardization, which may impede clarity and interpretation. Secondly, the use of a random intercept cross-lagged model based on data from only two time points raises methodological concerns. These factors may introduce errors into the study's findings. It is recommended that the authors make their analytical code publicly available to improve transparency and replicability.

引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of Dark Triad traits in relation to performance and self-reported emotional intelligence

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113129

Louana Marie Denogent, Alberto Megías-Robles, Pablo Fernández-Berrocal, Raquel Gómez-Leal

Interest in the Dark Triad (DT) traits - Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy - and their association with maladaptive behaviors has surged in recent years. Research has focused on identifying protective factors such as Emotional Intelligence (EI), but the literature has yielded mixed results regarding this relationship. Our study seeks to explore this relationship from two distinct perspectives of EI: self-report and performance-based measures. To achieve this aim, 222 participants (M_age = 22.01, SD = 4.54, ages 19–60) completed the Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS), a self-report measure, and the Mayer Salovey Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), a performance-based assessment, to evaluate EI, and the Short Dark Triad (SD-3) was used to evaluate DT traits. Our findings revealed a significant negative correlation between the traits of psychopathy and narcissism and EI scores when using the MSCEIT. However, when utilizing the TMMS, we only identified a positive and significant association between narcissism and EI. These findings underscore the importance of considering the type of EI measurement when examining this relationship. Moreover, we identified sex differences in the study variables and found that sex plays a moderating role in the studied relationship. We discuss the limitations and clinical implications of these findings.

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引用次数: 0

Why aren't you laughing? – The effect of dark and light humor on anxiety and affective state

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113133

Julia Basler , Dorottya Potó , Kata Kumli , Márk Ferincz , Sára Kárpáti , András Norbert Zsidó

Humor plays a significant role in mental health, with several studies confirming its positive effects on anxiety and coping, yet the emotional impact effects of varying comic styles is underexplored. This study builds upon the comic style framework which categorizes humor into four lighter (fun, humor, nonsense, wit) and four darker styles (sarcasm, cynicism, satire, irony). We aimed to investigate how consuming humor content congruent with an individual's comic style impacts anxiety and affective states. A total of 275 participants were categorized based on their comic style preferences (Low Engagement, Light Preference, Dark Preference, Broad Engagement) and exposed to video clips representing both light and dark humor. Anxiety levels and positive and negative affect were measured before and after each viewing. Our results show that participants experienced less anxiety and more positive affect after viewing humor congruent with their preferred comic style. Conversely, incongruent content tended to increase anxiety and negative affect, particularly among individuals with a preference for light humor when exposed to dark humor. These findings suggest that humor congruence plays a critical role in regulating emotional responses, with light humor providing a buffer against anxiety for most participants, while dark humor's impact varies depending on individual preferences.

{"title":"Why aren't you laughing? – The effect of dark and light humor on anxiety and affective state","authors":"Julia Basler , Dorottya Potó , Kata Kumli , Márk Ferincz , Sára Kárpáti , András Norbert Zsidó","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humor plays a significant role in mental health, with several studies confirming its positive effects on anxiety and coping, yet the emotional impact effects of varying comic styles is underexplored. This study builds upon the comic style framework which categorizes humor into four lighter (fun, humor, nonsense, wit) and four darker styles (sarcasm, cynicism, satire, irony). We aimed to investigate how consuming humor content congruent with an individual's comic style impacts anxiety and affective states. A total of 275 participants were categorized based on their comic style preferences (Low Engagement, Light Preference, Dark Preference, Broad Engagement) and exposed to video clips representing both light and dark humor. Anxiety levels and positive and negative affect were measured before and after each viewing. Our results show that participants experienced less anxiety and more positive affect after viewing humor congruent with their preferred comic style. Conversely, incongruent content tended to increase anxiety and negative affect, particularly among individuals with a preference for light humor when exposed to dark humor. These findings suggest that humor congruence plays a critical role in regulating emotional responses, with light humor providing a buffer against anxiety for most participants, while dark humor's impact varies depending on individual preferences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 113133"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Who considers migrants' competent traits important? The role of political ideology

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113134

Feiteng Long , Zi Ye , Guohua Liu

Established theories have recognized competence as one of the fundamental dimensions in social judgements on migrants, but who particularly considers competent traits to be important remains unclear. We propose an experimental study with British participants, examining how majority group members' political ideology influences their judgements about the importance of migrants' competence and how migrants' warmth might moderate this relationship. We also test individuals' competitive and dangerous worldviews as potential mediators of this process. Specifically, we propose that, compared to liberals, conservatives are more likely to consider migrants' competence important when a migrant group is stereotypically described as warm and are less likely to consider migrants' competence important when a migrant group is stereotypically described as lacking warmth. We expect the former effect to be mediated by a competitive worldview and the latter effect to be mediated by a dangerous worldview.

引用次数: 0

Emotion beliefs and emotion regulation strategy use

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113066

Tylah E. Johnston , James J. Gross , Wai Chen , Peter McEvoy , Rodrigo Becerra , David A. Preece

Emotion regulation is essential for mental health, and it is thus important to understand the factors influencing emotion regulation. One such factor is thought to be beliefs about emotions; however, there is presently limited data testing this. The aim of this study was therefore to comprehensively examine the links between beliefs about emotions (specifically, the controllability and usefulness of emotions) and people's usage of a wide range of emotion regulation strategies. Participants (N = 579, M_age = 22.69 years, 75.10 % female) completed psychometric self-report measures of emotion beliefs and emotion regulation strategy use. Correlation analyses revealed stronger beliefs about emotions being uncontrollable or useless were significantly associated with lesser use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies, and greater use of some maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Latent profile analysis revealed seven profiles, each varying in their levels of maladaptive emotion beliefs and emotion regulation strategy use. Profiles with more maladaptive beliefs were generally associated with lower use of adaptive and higher use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Overall, our findings suggest associations between maladaptive emotion beliefs and maladaptive patterns in emotion regulation. This highlights the potential importance of considering emotion beliefs in the conceptualisation and treatment of emotion regulation problems and emotional disorders.

情绪调节对心理健康至关重要，因此了解影响情绪调节的因素非常重要。其中一个因素被认为是对情绪的信念；然而，目前对此进行测试的数据有限。因此，本研究旨在全面考察有关情绪的信念（特别是情绪的可控性和有用性）与人们使用各种情绪调节策略之间的联系。参与者（人数 = 579，年龄 = 22.69 岁，75.10% 为女性）完成了情绪信念和情绪调节策略使用的心理自我报告测量。相关分析表明，较强的情绪不可控制或无用的信念与较少使用适应性情绪调节策略和较多使用某些适应性不良情绪调节策略有显著关联。潜特征分析显示了七种特征，每种特征的适应不良情绪信念和情绪调节策略的使用程度各不相同。具有更多适应不良情绪信念的人一般使用较少的适应不良情绪调节策略，而使用较多的适应不良情绪调节策略的人一般使用较多的适应不良情绪调节策略。总之，我们的研究结果表明，适应不良的情绪信念与适应不良的情绪调节模式之间存在关联。这凸显了在情绪调节问题和情绪障碍的概念化和治疗中考虑情绪信念的潜在重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Dogmatism as fixed form and ideology as variable content. Test of the hypothesis on the polymorphic nature of authoritarianism 教条主义是固定的形式，意识形态是可变的内容。检验关于专制主义多态性的假设

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113128

Piotr Radkiewicz , Pamela Kozioł

This article shows the relationships between dogmatism, radical socio-political ideology, and several measures of authoritarianism. The authors argue that authoritarianism is a polymorphic phenomenon that cannot have one expression. Polymorphism is based on dogmatism as the fixed form and ideology as the variable content. A dogmatic form of mind can be filled by both far-right and opposite far-left ideologies. Two other hypotheses were also tested. The first assumed synergistic interaction effects of dogmatism and pro-authoritarian ideologies on authoritarianism. The second stated that in the case of RWA, dogmatism is positively related to both its ideological (far right) and non-ideological component, and in the case of LWA, due to the suppression effect, dogmatism predicts only the non-ideological component. The authors verified this in a correlational study of 579 adult respondents differentiated by sex, age, and education. The results confirmed that both RWA and LWA were predicted by dogmatism, while the predictive effects of ideology are interchangeable: far-right ideology predicts RWA, and far-left ideology predicts LWA. Neither in the case of RWA nor LWA was the hypothesis of interaction dogmatism*ideologist confirmed. However, the hypothesis stating that dogmatism differently predicts the ideological and non-ideological components of RWA and LWA found empirical support.

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引用次数: 0

Antagonistic personality and moral insight: Viewing oneself as less moral yet more moral than others

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113122

William Hart , Charlotte Kinrade , Danielle E. Wahlers

There is a longstanding assumption that antagonistic individuals lack insight into their moral deficits. Recent evidence suggests that such insight deficiencies are detectable in comparative judgments about one's morality. Although relatively antagonistic people rate themselves lower in moral characteristics than others rate themselves, they nonetheless insist they are relatively higher in moral characteristics than others. Secure conclusions from these data are precluded by the use of uniform methods (i.e., making explicit comparative judgments on moral traits). To gain a more secure understanding, participants (N = 497) completed indicators of Dark Tetrad (D4) constructs (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, sadism) and rated either themselves or a non-descript other (between-subjects) on their likelihood of engaging in moral (prosocial) behavior in various situations. Overall, participants indicated the self would engage in more prosocial behavior relative to the other; this effect – reflective of perceived moral superiority – was similar in size across levels of a D4 component score. People higher (vs. lower) in the D4 component score indicated that the self and others would engage in less prosocial behavior and both targets would expect to be viewed as less moral. People higher (vs. lower) in antagonistic personality probably do regard the self as morally superior.

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引用次数: 0

Inside Front Cover - Ed. Board, Aims and Scope, Copyright, Publication information, Orders and Claims, Advertising information, Author inquiries, Permissions, Funding body, Permanence of paper, Impressum (German titles only) and GFA link in double column

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(25)00086-8

引用次数: 0

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IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(25)00087-X

引用次数: 0

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