首页 > 最新文献

Personality and Individual Differences最新文献

英文 中文
Corrigendum to “Can speaking more languages enhance your creativity? Relationship between bilingualism and creative potential among Korean American students with multicultural link” [Personality and Individual Differences 50 (8) (2011) 1186–1190] 多说几种语言能提高创造力吗?具有多元文化联系的美籍韩裔学生的双语能力与创造潜能之间的关系》[Personality and Individual Differences 50 (8) (2011) 1186-1190] 更正
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112923
Hangeun Lee , Kyung Hee Kim
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Can speaking more languages enhance your creativity? Relationship between bilingualism and creative potential among Korean American students with multicultural link” [Personality and Individual Differences 50 (8) (2011) 1186–1190]","authors":"Hangeun Lee , Kyung Hee Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112923","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Flexible confronters, informative confronters, and low stakes prodders: A person-centered approach to prejudice confrontation styles 灵活对抗者、信息对抗者和低赌注催促者:以人为本的偏见对抗方式
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112904
Emma Wedell , Kimberly E. Chaney
When people encounter prejudice, they may respond by expressing disapproval (i.e., confronting prejudice). Prior research has identified five primary features that characterize prejudice confrontations: educational, argumentative, help-seeking, empathy, and humor. In the present research, we used a person-centered approach to identify profiles of individuals based on these self-reported prejudice confrontation styles (PCS). Latent profile analyses were conducted across three online U.S. studies (Ntotal = 978) to classify individuals by PCS profiles. Four profiles classified undergraduates' and White adults' PCS: high in educational, help-seeking, and empathy and low in argumentative and humor (informative confronters), moderate in educational, help-seeking, empathy, and humor and low in argumentative (low stakes prodders), and low on all subscales (i.e., non-confronters), and moderate-to-high in all subscales (flexible confronters). Informative confronters, low stakes prodders, and non-confronter profiles emerged among the Black sample, but not the flexible confronter profile. Across the three samples, confronter profiles differed in several lay theories of prejudice and intentions to confront prejudice against a range of derogated and disadvantaged groups. These findings identified four primary PCS profiles and illustrated differences across profiles in how people think about and intend to respond to prejudice.
当人们遇到偏见时,他们可能会通过表达不赞同(即对抗偏见)来做出回应。先前的研究发现了偏见对抗的五个主要特征:教育性、争论性、寻求帮助性、移情性和幽默性。在本研究中,我们采用了一种以人为中心的方法,根据这些自我报告的偏见对抗风格(PCS)来识别个人的特征。我们对三项美国在线研究(总人数 = 978)进行了潜在特征分析,以根据 PCS 特征对个人进行分类。本科生和白人成年人的 PCS 分为四类:教育、寻求帮助和移情能力强,而争论和幽默能力低(信息型对抗者);教育、寻求帮助、移情和幽默能力中等,而争论能力低(低利害关系推动者);所有分量表上的能力都低(即非对抗者);所有分量表上的能力都中等至高(灵活型对抗者)。黑人样本中出现了信息型对抗者、低利害关系催促者和非对抗者特征,但没有出现灵活型对抗者特征。在这三个样本中,对抗者的特征在几种非专业的偏见理论以及对抗一系列被贬低群体和弱势群体的偏见的意图方面存在差异。这些研究结果确定了四种主要的PCS特征,并说明了不同特征的人在如何思考和打算应对偏见方面的差异。
{"title":"Flexible confronters, informative confronters, and low stakes prodders: A person-centered approach to prejudice confrontation styles","authors":"Emma Wedell ,&nbsp;Kimberly E. Chaney","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When people encounter prejudice, they may respond by expressing disapproval (i.e., confronting prejudice). Prior research has identified five primary features that characterize prejudice confrontations: educational, argumentative, help-seeking, empathy, and humor. In the present research, we used a person-centered approach to identify profiles of individuals based on these self-reported prejudice confrontation styles (PCS). Latent profile analyses were conducted across three online U.S. studies (<em>N</em><sub>total</sub> = 978) to classify individuals by PCS profiles. Four profiles classified undergraduates' and White adults' PCS: high in educational, help-seeking, and empathy and low in argumentative and humor (informative confronters), moderate in educational, help-seeking, empathy, and humor and low in argumentative (low stakes prodders), and low on all subscales (i.e., non-confronters), and moderate-to-high in all subscales (flexible confronters). Informative confronters, low stakes prodders, and non-confronter profiles emerged among the Black sample, but not the flexible confronter profile. Across the three samples, confronter profiles differed in several lay theories of prejudice and intentions to confront prejudice against a range of derogated and disadvantaged groups. These findings identified four primary PCS profiles and illustrated differences across profiles in how people think about and intend to respond to prejudice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112904"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Escape the uncertainty by Internet gaming: A serial mediation model of intolerance of uncertainty and Internet Gaming Disorder 通过网络游戏逃避不确定性:不确定性不容忍度与网络游戏障碍的序列中介模型
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112917
Xuan Xu, Min Cao, Qian Chen, Fang Xu, Zongkui Zhou
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a transdiagnostic trait associated with Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), but the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. Guided by the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution model, this research explored the serial mediation of experiential avoidance and maladaptive cognitions related to Internet gaming. A sample of 1393 Internet gamers (62.5 % male, aged 14–50, with an average weekly game time of 17.05 h) completed self-report measures of IU, experiential avoidance, maladaptive cognitions, and IGD. Structural equation modelling revealed that IU directly predicted IGD, and indirectly predicted IGD through experiential avoidance and maladaptive cognitions. This hypothesized model explained 46 % of the variance in IGD. These findings suggest that IGD may be particularly problematic for individuals who fear uncertainty. Meanwhile, habitual avoidance of negative experiences and distorted gaming cognitions are key mechanisms linking IU to IGD. While IU is a static risk trait for IGD, experiential avoidance and maladaptive cognitions are more proximal and modifiable risk factors. Addressing these factors may offer promising intervention paths. Given the cross-sectional nature of this study, future research should use longitudinal designs to better assess causal relationships.
对不确定性的不容忍(IU)是与网络游戏障碍(IGD)相关的一种跨诊断特质,但这种关系的内在机制仍不清楚。在 "人--影响--认知--执行 "互动模型的指导下,本研究探讨了与网络游戏相关的体验性回避和适应性不良认知的序列中介作用。1393名网络游戏玩家(62.5%为男性,年龄在14-50岁之间,平均每周游戏时间为17.05小时)完成了对IU、体验性回避、适应不良认知和IGD的自我报告测量。结构方程模型显示,IU 直接预测 IGD,并通过体验性回避和适应不良认知间接预测 IGD。这一假设模型解释了 46% 的 IGD 变异。这些研究结果表明,IGD 对那些害怕不确定性的人来说可能尤其成问题。同时,习惯性回避负面经历和扭曲的博弈认知是将 IU 与 IGD 联系起来的关键机制。IU是IGD的一个静态风险特征,而回避经历和适应不良的认知则是更接近和可改变的风险因素。解决这些因素可能会提供有前景的干预途径。鉴于本研究的横断面性质,未来的研究应使用纵向设计来更好地评估因果关系。
{"title":"Escape the uncertainty by Internet gaming: A serial mediation model of intolerance of uncertainty and Internet Gaming Disorder","authors":"Xuan Xu,&nbsp;Min Cao,&nbsp;Qian Chen,&nbsp;Fang Xu,&nbsp;Zongkui Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a transdiagnostic trait associated with Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), but the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. Guided by the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution model, this research explored the serial mediation of experiential avoidance and maladaptive cognitions related to Internet gaming. A sample of 1393 Internet gamers (62.5 % male, aged 14–50, with an average weekly game time of 17.05 h) completed self-report measures of IU, experiential avoidance, maladaptive cognitions, and IGD. Structural equation modelling revealed that IU directly predicted IGD, and indirectly predicted IGD through experiential avoidance and maladaptive cognitions. This hypothesized model explained 46 % of the variance in IGD. These findings suggest that IGD may be particularly problematic for individuals who fear uncertainty. Meanwhile, habitual avoidance of negative experiences and distorted gaming cognitions are key mechanisms linking IU to IGD. While IU is a static risk trait for IGD, experiential avoidance and maladaptive cognitions are more proximal and modifiable risk factors. Addressing these factors may offer promising intervention paths. Given the cross-sectional nature of this study, future research should use longitudinal designs to better assess causal relationships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112917"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When “good enough” is no longer enough: Parenting perfectionism, intolerance of uncertainty, and emotion regulation in postnatal depression 当 "足够好 "不再足够时:产后抑郁症中的父母完美主义、对不确定性的不容忍和情绪调节
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112910
Kelly Saint Denny , Karyn Doba , Laurent Storme , Jean-Louis Nandrino
This study addresses the call for psychological research to examine the impact of social expectations and modern parenting paradigms on parents' mental health. We explore parenting perfectionism as a predictor of postnatal depression, with intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation difficulties as mediators. Using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) on a sample of 232 mothers, we examined both direct and indirect effects of parenting perfectionism on postnatal depression symptoms, including mediation analysis of emotion regulation difficulties and intolerance of uncertainty. Findings support that parenting perfectionism predicts the risk of postnatal depression through these mediating mechanisms. Limitations of the study include its cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported measures. Volunteer bias, higher education and employment levels among participants may limit the generalizability of the results. Despite these limitations, this study shows the importance of emotion regulation difficulties and intolerance of uncertainty as key mechanisms by which parenting perfectionism increases the risk of postnatal depression in mothers during the first year postpartum. This study provides novel and actionable targets for the treatment and prevention of postnatal depression and demonstrates how social and cultural contexts of parenthood can be operationalized for psychological inquiry through complex statistical modelling.
本研究旨在响应心理学研究的号召,探讨社会期望和现代养育模式对父母心理健康的影响。我们探讨了育儿完美主义对产后抑郁症的预测作用,并以不确定性不容忍和情绪调节困难为中介。通过对 232 位母亲的样本进行部分最小平方结构方程建模(PLS-SEM),我们研究了养育完美主义对产后抑郁症状的直接和间接影响,包括情绪调节困难和不确定性不容忍的中介分析。研究结果支持育儿完美主义通过这些中介机制预测产后抑郁的风险。该研究的局限性包括其横断面设计和对自我报告测量方法的依赖。志愿者偏差、参与者中较高的教育和就业水平可能会限制研究结果的普遍性。尽管存在这些局限性,但本研究表明,情绪调节困难和对不确定性的不容忍是导致育儿完美主义增加产后第一年母亲产后抑郁风险的重要机制。这项研究为产后抑郁症的治疗和预防提供了新的可操作目标,并展示了如何通过复杂的统计建模将为人父母的社会和文化背景操作化,以进行心理学研究。
{"title":"When “good enough” is no longer enough: Parenting perfectionism, intolerance of uncertainty, and emotion regulation in postnatal depression","authors":"Kelly Saint Denny ,&nbsp;Karyn Doba ,&nbsp;Laurent Storme ,&nbsp;Jean-Louis Nandrino","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the call for psychological research to examine the impact of social expectations and modern parenting paradigms on parents' mental health. We explore parenting perfectionism as a predictor of postnatal depression, with intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation difficulties as mediators. Using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) on a sample of 232 mothers, we examined both direct and indirect effects of parenting perfectionism on postnatal depression symptoms, including mediation analysis of emotion regulation difficulties and intolerance of uncertainty. Findings support that parenting perfectionism predicts the risk of postnatal depression through these mediating mechanisms. Limitations of the study include its cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported measures. Volunteer bias, higher education and employment levels among participants may limit the generalizability of the results. Despite these limitations, this study shows the importance of emotion regulation difficulties and intolerance of uncertainty as key mechanisms by which parenting perfectionism increases the risk of postnatal depression in mothers during the first year postpartum. This study provides novel and actionable targets for the treatment and prevention of postnatal depression and demonstrates how social and cultural contexts of parenthood can be operationalized for psychological inquiry through complex statistical modelling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112910"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A double-edged sword: Self-concept clarity as a prospective predictor of romantic relationship satisfaction in the face of conflict 一把双刃剑:自我概念清晰度作为冲突中浪漫关系满意度的前瞻性预测指标
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112914
Yarin Szachter , Yael Bar-Shachar , Nirit Soffer-Dudek , Golan Shahar , Eran Bar-Kalifa
Although conflict between romantic partners may reduce their relationship satisfaction, personal characteristics of the dyad members are likely to attenuate this effect. This study examined the combined effects of conflict and self-concept clarity (SCC), pertaining to the clarity and coherence of self-perception, on relationship satisfaction among seventy-six adult couples (mean age = 30.44) who completed daily diaries for 21 consecutive days. As expected, the presence of daily conflict was contemporaneously associated with reduced daily relationship satisfaction. Additionally, higher-than-usual daily SCC was contemporaneously associated with higher daily relationship satisfaction. Importantly, we found a prospective three-way interaction between daily satisfaction, conflict, and daily deviation in SCC in predicting next-day satisfaction: On days in which individuals were satisfied with their relationship, had higher SCC, but also experienced conflict, they reported the strongest decrease in satisfaction on the following day. Practical implications for couples therapy include assessment and promotion of partners' sense of self-coherence and self-concept flexibility.
虽然恋爱伴侣之间的冲突可能会降低他们对感情的满意度,但夫妻双方的个人特征可能会减弱这种影响。本研究考察了冲突和自我概念清晰度(SCC)(与自我认知的清晰度和一致性有关)对关系满意度的综合影响,研究对象是连续 21 天填写每日日记的 76 对成年夫妇(平均年龄 = 30.44)。不出所料,日常冲突的存在与日常关系满意度的降低同时存在。此外,高于正常水平的日常 SCC 与较高的日常关系满意度同时存在。重要的是,我们发现每日满意度、冲突和 SCC 每日偏差在预测次日满意度方面具有前瞻性的三方交互作用:在个人对其关系感到满意、SCC 较高、但同时也经历了冲突的日子里,他们在第二天报告的满意度下降幅度最大。对夫妻治疗的实际意义包括评估和促进伴侣的自我一致性和自我概念灵活性。
{"title":"A double-edged sword: Self-concept clarity as a prospective predictor of romantic relationship satisfaction in the face of conflict","authors":"Yarin Szachter ,&nbsp;Yael Bar-Shachar ,&nbsp;Nirit Soffer-Dudek ,&nbsp;Golan Shahar ,&nbsp;Eran Bar-Kalifa","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although conflict between romantic partners may reduce their relationship satisfaction, personal characteristics of the dyad members are likely to attenuate this effect. This study examined the combined effects of conflict and self-concept clarity (SCC), pertaining to the clarity and coherence of self-perception, on relationship satisfaction among seventy-six adult couples (mean age = 30.44) who completed daily diaries for 21 consecutive days. As expected, the presence of daily conflict was contemporaneously associated with reduced daily relationship satisfaction. Additionally, higher-than-usual daily SCC was contemporaneously associated with higher daily relationship satisfaction. Importantly, we found <em>a prospective</em> three-way interaction between daily satisfaction, conflict, and daily deviation in SCC in predicting next-day satisfaction: On days in which individuals were satisfied with their relationship, had higher SCC, but also experienced conflict, they reported the strongest decrease in satisfaction on the following day. Practical implications for couples therapy include assessment and promotion of partners' sense of self-coherence and self-concept flexibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112914"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Hidden Narcissus in the Orchid: The relationship between sensory processing sensitivity, narcissism, self-esteem, and the HEXACO personality traits 兰花中隐藏的水仙:感觉处理敏感性、自恋、自尊和 HEXACO 人格特质之间的关系
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112891
Danièle Anne Gubler , Tobias Janelt , Marcus Roth , Stefan Johannes Troche
Initially conceptualized as a unique personality trait, Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) has increasingly been criticized for its substantial empirical overlap with well-established personality traits such as the Big Five. When accounting for measurement errors, SPS subdimensions even overlap completely with traits such as neuroticism and openness to experiences. A recent study has further indicated a high association between SPS and vulnerable narcissism, but this has only been revealed at a manifest level (Jauk et al., 2023). With this study, we investigated the relationship between SPS, measured by the Highly Sensitive Person Scale, and established personality traits, including the HEXACO personality traits, narcissism, and self-esteem, through a latent variable approach. Using a sample of 1630 participants, latent regression analyses were conducted to explore how the traits mentioned above relate to the three components of SPS: Ease of Excitation (EOE), Low Sensory Threshold (LST), and Aesthetic Sensitivity (AES). Results indicated that neuroticism, openness to experience, and vulnerable narcissism are significantly associated with SPS components, with vulnerable narcissism showing the strongest association with EOE and LST and openness to experience with AES. These findings support the critiques regarding the postulate that SPS is a distinct construct within existing personality frameworks.
感觉处理敏感性(SPS)最初被认为是一种独特的人格特质,但由于其与五大人格特质(Big Five)等成熟的人格特质存在大量经验上的重叠而受到越来越多的批评。如果考虑到测量误差,感觉处理敏感性的子维度甚至与神经质和经验开放性等特质完全重叠。最近的一项研究进一步表明,SPS 与脆弱自恋之间存在高度关联,但这只是在表现层面上的关联(Jauk 等人,2023 年)。在本研究中,我们通过潜变量方法研究了高敏感人群量表测量的 SPS 与既定人格特质(包括 HEXACO 人格特质、自恋和自尊)之间的关系。通过对 1630 名参与者的样本进行潜回归分析,探讨了上述特质与高敏感人群量表的三个组成部分:易兴奋性(EOE)、低感觉阈限(LST)和审美敏感性(AES)之间的关系。结果表明,神经质、对经验的开放性和脆弱自恋与 SPS 要素有显著关联,其中脆弱自恋与 EOE 和 LST 关联性最强,而对经验的开放性与 AES 关联性最强。这些研究结果支持了对 SPS 是现有人格框架中一个独特结构这一假设的批评。
{"title":"The Hidden Narcissus in the Orchid: The relationship between sensory processing sensitivity, narcissism, self-esteem, and the HEXACO personality traits","authors":"Danièle Anne Gubler ,&nbsp;Tobias Janelt ,&nbsp;Marcus Roth ,&nbsp;Stefan Johannes Troche","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Initially conceptualized as a unique personality trait, Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) has increasingly been criticized for its substantial empirical overlap with well-established personality traits such as the Big Five. When accounting for measurement errors, SPS subdimensions even overlap completely with traits such as neuroticism and openness to experiences. A recent study has further indicated a high association between SPS and vulnerable narcissism, but this has only been revealed at a manifest level (Jauk et al., 2023). With this study, we investigated the relationship between SPS, measured by the Highly Sensitive Person Scale, and established personality traits, including the HEXACO personality traits, narcissism, and self-esteem, through a latent variable approach. Using a sample of 1630 participants, latent regression analyses were conducted to explore how the traits mentioned above relate to the three components of SPS: Ease of Excitation (EOE), Low Sensory Threshold (LST), and Aesthetic Sensitivity (AES). Results indicated that neuroticism, openness to experience, and vulnerable narcissism are significantly associated with SPS components, with vulnerable narcissism showing the strongest association with EOE and LST and openness to experience with AES. These findings support the critiques regarding the postulate that SPS is a distinct construct within existing personality frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112891"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The moderating role of reactive control of the association between behavioral inhibition and social anxiety in emerging adults 反应控制对新成人行为抑制与社交焦虑之间关系的调节作用
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112899
Aryn M. Vaughan, Sammy Perone
Behavioral inhibition (BI) is a temperamental profile characterized by heightened sensitivity to novelty. Often studied in childhood, past research indicates BI may be an important risk factor for the later development of anxiety disorders, especially for individuals who rely on certain types of cognitive control. Proactive control is goal-oriented, while reactive control is stimulus-driven. Both types of control moderate the association between childhood BI and social anxiety in adolescence. The current study investigated the moderating role of cognitive control of the association between BI and social anxiety symptoms in emerging adults. We measured BI and social anxiety symptoms using self-report and administered the AX-Continuous Performance Task in an online study. We expected both types of control would moderate the association between BI and social anxiety symptoms. Contrary to our expectations, proactive control did not moderate the association between BI and social anxiety symptoms; however, additional analyses revealed reactive control plays a role in exacerbating social anxiety symptoms concurrently in emerging adulthood, suggesting reactive control may relate to the maintenance of social anxiety symptoms in emerging adults.
行为抑制(BI)是一种气质特征,其特点是对新奇事物更加敏感。过去的研究表明,行为抑制可能是日后患焦虑症的一个重要风险因素,尤其是对于依赖某些类型认知控制的人而言。主动控制以目标为导向,而被动控制以刺激为导向。这两种控制类型都能调节童年 BI 与青春期社交焦虑之间的关联。本研究调查了认知控制对成年后生物钟与社交焦虑症状之间关系的调节作用。我们在一项在线研究中通过自我报告测量了BI和社交焦虑症状,并进行了AX-连续表现任务。我们预计这两种控制类型都会缓和生物钟与社交焦虑症状之间的关联。与我们的预期相反,主动控制并没有缓和生物钟与社交焦虑症状之间的关联;然而,额外的分析表明,反应性控制在同时加重新兴成人的社交焦虑症状方面发挥了作用,这表明反应性控制可能与新兴成人社交焦虑症状的维持有关。
{"title":"The moderating role of reactive control of the association between behavioral inhibition and social anxiety in emerging adults","authors":"Aryn M. Vaughan,&nbsp;Sammy Perone","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Behavioral inhibition (BI) is a temperamental profile characterized by heightened sensitivity to novelty. Often studied in childhood, past research indicates BI may be an important risk factor for the later development of anxiety disorders, especially for individuals who rely on certain types of cognitive control. Proactive control is goal-oriented, while reactive control is stimulus-driven. Both types of control moderate the association between childhood BI and social anxiety in adolescence. The current study investigated the moderating role of cognitive control of the association between BI and social anxiety symptoms in emerging adults. We measured BI and social anxiety symptoms using self-report and administered the AX-Continuous Performance Task in an online study. We expected both types of control would moderate the association between BI and social anxiety symptoms. Contrary to our expectations, proactive control did not moderate the association between BI and social anxiety symptoms; however, additional analyses revealed reactive control plays a role in exacerbating social anxiety symptoms concurrently in emerging adulthood, suggesting reactive control may relate to the maintenance of social anxiety symptoms in emerging adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112899"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Narcissism and self-estimated intelligence: New insights from multidimensional assessments 自恋和自我估计的智力:多维评估的新见解
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112901
Sabrina Schneider, Sabrina Kornberger, Andreas Mokros
Overconfidence and exaggerated evaluation of one's own abilities have been tagged to narcissistic personalities. Notably, prior research related narcissistic traits only with self-estimates of general IQ, although contemporary narcissism models offer the potential to test more specific hypotheses, for instance at the level of multiple abilities. Therefore, we examined associations between agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism and self-estimated intelligence not only at the level of general IQ, but also at the level of facets: verbal, mathematical-logical, personal, and artistic abilities. Correlation and multiple regression analyses in 264 individuals (53 % female) consistently revealed positive relationships between agentic narcissism and the different measures of SEI. Antagonistic and neurotic narcissism were unrelated to self-estimates of general IQ, verbal, mathematical-logical, and artistic abilities, but linked with lower self-estimated personal ability. Moreover, independent effects of gender emerged. The study illustrates that the relationship between narcissism and SEI goes beyond the obvious, but overly simplistic tag of ‘narcissistic self-enhancement’. Future studies could implement even finer grained assessments of different ability domains and address developmental trajectories of self-estimation bias and its relationship to narcissistic traits.
过度自信和对自身能力的夸大评价一直是自恋型人格的标签。值得注意的是,之前的研究仅将自恋特质与一般智商的自我估计联系起来,尽管当代的自恋模型有可能测试更具体的假设,例如在多种能力的层面上。因此,我们不仅从一般智商的层面,而且从语言、数学逻辑、个人和艺术能力等方面,研究了代理型、对抗型和神经质型自恋与自估智商之间的关系。对 264 人(53% 为女性)进行的相关和多元回归分析表明,代理自恋与 SEI 的不同测量指标之间始终存在正相关关系。对抗性自恋和神经质自恋与自我估计的一般智商、语言、数学逻辑和艺术能力无关,但与自我估计的较低个人能力有关。此外,性别也会产生独立的影响。这项研究表明,自恋与 SEI 之间的关系超出了 "自恋型自我提升 "这一显而易见但过于简单化的标签。未来的研究可以对不同的能力领域进行更精细的评估,并探讨自我估计偏差的发展轨迹及其与自恋特质的关系。
{"title":"Narcissism and self-estimated intelligence: New insights from multidimensional assessments","authors":"Sabrina Schneider,&nbsp;Sabrina Kornberger,&nbsp;Andreas Mokros","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Overconfidence and exaggerated evaluation of one's own abilities have been tagged to narcissistic personalities. Notably, prior research related narcissistic traits only with self-estimates of general IQ, although contemporary narcissism models offer the potential to test more specific hypotheses, for instance at the level of multiple abilities. Therefore, we examined associations between agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic narcissism and self-estimated intelligence not only at the level of general IQ, but also at the level of facets: verbal, mathematical-logical, personal, and artistic abilities. Correlation and multiple regression analyses in 264 individuals (53 % female) consistently revealed positive relationships between agentic narcissism and the different measures of SEI. Antagonistic and neurotic narcissism were unrelated to self-estimates of general IQ, verbal, mathematical-logical, and artistic abilities, but linked with lower self-estimated personal ability. Moreover, independent effects of gender emerged. The study illustrates that the relationship between narcissism and SEI goes beyond the obvious, but overly simplistic tag of ‘narcissistic self-enhancement’. Future studies could implement even finer grained assessments of different ability domains and address developmental trajectories of self-estimation bias and its relationship to narcissistic traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112901"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Come closer if you dare: A validation of the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory by behavioral responses to positive and negative stimuli 有胆就靠近点通过对积极和消极刺激的行为反应验证修订后的强化敏感性理论
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112905
Svea A. Hogeterp , Martin Reuter , Robert Schnuerch , Eike Koller , Christina Engelmann , Merlin Monzel
The revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST) is an influential personality theory that provides explanations for differences in approach and avoidance tendencies. In this study, we aim to test assumptions of the rRST, originally developed using animal models, in an experimental setting with humans. Therefore, we designed a paradigm in which N = 65 healthy participants are confronted with positive and negative images to measure their unconscious change in distance to the computer screen by means of a face recognition software. Persons with a more sensitive fight-flight-freezing system (FFFS; constituting fear, regulating avoidance) showed stronger distancing from negative images relative to positive images than people with a less sensitive FFFS. The behavioral inhibition system (BIS; constituting anxiety) showed no moderation on distance change, indicating that the systems underlying fear and anxiety adopt different regulatory functions. Concerning the behavioral approach system (BAS; regulating approach), also no effects were observed, although a BAS-dependent approach to positive stimuli was hypothesized. However, there was a main effect of picture valence, indicating closer distances for more positive stimuli. Overall, our data provide further evidence for the validity of the rRST, using the change in distance to the monitor as exciting operationalization of approach and avoidance behavior.
经修订的强化敏感性理论(rRST)是一种颇具影响力的人格理论,它为接近倾向和回避倾向的差异提供了解释。在本研究中,我们的目的是在人类实验环境中检验强化敏感性理论的假设,该理论最初是通过动物模型提出的。因此,我们设计了一个范例,让 N = 65 名健康参与者面对正面和负面图像,通过人脸识别软件测量他们与电脑屏幕距离的无意识变化。相对于那些对 "战斗-飞行-冷冻 "系统(FFFS)不太敏感的人,那些对 "战斗-飞行-冷冻 "系统(FFFS:构成恐惧,调节回避)比较敏感的人对负面图像的距离感要强于对正面图像的距离感。行为抑制系统(BIS;构成焦虑)对距离变化没有调节作用,这表明恐惧和焦虑的基础系统具有不同的调节功能。关于行为接近系统(BAS;调节接近),虽然假设对积极刺激的接近依赖于行为接近系统,但也没有观察到任何影响。不过,图片的价值存在主效应,表明更积极的刺激会拉近距离。总之,我们的数据为 rRST 的有效性提供了进一步的证据,它使用与显示器距离的变化来刺激接近和回避行为的操作化。
{"title":"Come closer if you dare: A validation of the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory by behavioral responses to positive and negative stimuli","authors":"Svea A. Hogeterp ,&nbsp;Martin Reuter ,&nbsp;Robert Schnuerch ,&nbsp;Eike Koller ,&nbsp;Christina Engelmann ,&nbsp;Merlin Monzel","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST) is an influential personality theory that provides explanations for differences in approach and avoidance tendencies. In this study, we aim to test assumptions of the rRST, originally developed using animal models, in an experimental setting with humans. Therefore, we designed a paradigm in which <em>N</em> = 65 healthy participants are confronted with positive and negative images to measure their unconscious change in distance to the computer screen by means of a face recognition software. Persons with a more sensitive fight-flight-freezing system (FFFS; constituting fear, regulating avoidance) showed stronger distancing from negative images relative to positive images than people with a less sensitive FFFS. The behavioral inhibition system (BIS; constituting anxiety) showed no moderation on distance change, indicating that the systems underlying fear and anxiety adopt different regulatory functions. Concerning the behavioral approach system (BAS; regulating approach), also no effects were observed, although a BAS-dependent approach to positive stimuli was hypothesized. However, there was a main effect of picture valence, indicating closer distances for more positive stimuli. Overall, our data provide further evidence for the validity of the rRST, using the change in distance to the monitor as exciting operationalization of approach and avoidance behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112905"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Operationalizing a more comprehensive conceptualization of polychronicity: A consideration of single-tasking, task-switching, and dual-tasking 将更全面的多任务概念化付诸实施:对单一任务、任务切换和双重任务的思考
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112909
Matt C. Howard , Kent K. Alipour , Melissa B. Gutworth
Polychronicity, the preference for multitasking, is becoming increasingly important in modern workplaces, but extant research is limited by an incomplete view of the construct. Existing measures of polychronicity assess preferences for task-switching alone, despite multitasking consisting of both dual-tasking and task-switching. To resolve this tension, we undergo a three-study scale development process to create and validate two comprehensive measures of polychronicity capturing preferences for task-switching and dual-tasking. We also consider whether monochronicity (preferences for single-tasking) and no preference are antipolar dimensions, and we investigate the effectiveness of two different assessments: a Likert scale and a novel vignette format. Results support the distinctiveness of task-switching and dual-tasking preferences, confirm monochronicity as an antipolar dimension of polychronicity, and identify no preference as a related but distinct construct. Both assessment formats effectively measured polychronicity and demonstrate incremental validity in predicting peer-rated multitasking behaviors and work performance beyond existing scales. These findings expand our understanding of individual differences in multitasking preferences and offer new tools for assessing this important construct in work settings.
多任务性,即对多任务的偏好,在现代工作场所正变得越来越重要,但由于对这一概念的认识不全面,现有的研究受到了限制。尽管多任务包括双重任务和任务切换,但现有的多同步性测量方法仅评估任务切换偏好。为了解决这一矛盾,我们进行了三项量表开发研究,创建并验证了两种多同步性综合测量方法,以捕捉任务切换和双重任务的偏好。我们还考虑了单时性(对单一任务的偏好)和无偏好是否是对立的两个维度,并研究了两种不同评估方法的有效性:李克特量表和新颖的小故事形式。结果支持任务切换和双重任务偏好的独特性,确认单时性是多时性的一个反极性维度,并确定无偏好是一个相关但独特的结构。这两种评估形式都能有效测量多时性,并在预测同伴评价的多任务行为和工作表现方面显示出超越现有量表的增量有效性。这些发现拓展了我们对多任务偏好个体差异的理解,并为评估工作环境中这一重要结构提供了新的工具。
{"title":"Operationalizing a more comprehensive conceptualization of polychronicity: A consideration of single-tasking, task-switching, and dual-tasking","authors":"Matt C. Howard ,&nbsp;Kent K. Alipour ,&nbsp;Melissa B. Gutworth","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polychronicity, the preference for multitasking, is becoming increasingly important in modern workplaces, but extant research is limited by an incomplete view of the construct. Existing measures of polychronicity assess preferences for task-switching alone, despite multitasking consisting of both dual-tasking and task-switching. To resolve this tension, we undergo a three-study scale development process to create and validate two comprehensive measures of polychronicity capturing preferences for task-switching and dual-tasking. We also consider whether monochronicity (preferences for single-tasking) and no preference are antipolar dimensions, and we investigate the effectiveness of two different assessments: a Likert scale and a novel vignette format. Results support the distinctiveness of task-switching and dual-tasking preferences, confirm monochronicity as an antipolar dimension of polychronicity, and identify no preference as a related but distinct construct. Both assessment formats effectively measured polychronicity and demonstrate incremental validity in predicting peer-rated multitasking behaviors and work performance beyond existing scales. These findings expand our understanding of individual differences in multitasking preferences and offer new tools for assessing this important construct in work settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Personality and Individual Differences
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1