Personality and Individual Differences最新文献

英文中文

Seeing through the black-pill: Incels are wrong about what people think of them

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113041

William Costello , Andrew G. Thomas

Incels (involuntary celibates) are an online subculture of men who form their identity around their perceived inability to form sexual or romantic relationships. Many incels have a nihilistic perspective of the self, strong misogynistic beliefs about women, and importantly share the view that society hates them. This novel study explores the gaps between incels' perceptions of themselves and what wider society actually thinks about them. Using survey data from 135 incels and 449 non-incels, we found that incels overestimated how much society blames them for their problems and underestimated how much society sympathizes with them. Notably, however, higher levels of feminist identity among non-incels were linked to decreased sympathy and heightened animosity towards incels. Both incels and non-incels alike, regardless of feminist identity, agreed that incels pose a danger to themselves. Further analysis revealed that only incels' perception of societal blame was predicted by loneliness, which suggests that incel identity itself exerts a more pervasive influence on their distorted beliefs about society than individual differences in loneliness. We discuss how real-world hostility towards incels may partially fuel their distorted views about society and how our findings might inform therapeutic approaches to promote healthier social integration.

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引用次数: 0

Insight-seeking is consistent across domains and distinct from other forms of curiosity

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113051

Marius Mercier, Edgar Dubourg, Hugo Mercier

Feelings of insight can be triggered by making a scientific discovery, but also by discovering the culprit in a whodunit, or solving a riddle. While the intensity of these feelings varies between individuals, it is unclear whether some people consistently seek out insight across a wide range of stimuli. We conducted two studies to investigate this question. Study 1 (N = 189) revealed that individuals who enjoy one type of insight-generating content tend to enjoy other types as well. Study 2 (N = 470) showed that this interest differs from other types of curiosity, such as exploration and morbid curiosity. Together, these findings suggest that insight-seeking might be a distinct personality trait.

引用次数: 0

The relationship between adolescent psychological characteristics and internet gaming disorders: A cross-lagged panel network analysis

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113043

Leilei Liang , Tingting Gao , Tongshuang Yuan , Chengbin Zheng , Junsong Fei , Songli Mei

Network theory suggests psychopathology reflects causal links between individual and psychological symptoms. However, most studies on internet gaming disorder (IGD) are cross-sectional, impeding causal conclusions and challenging IGD treatment in adolescents. Hence, our study employs cross-sectional and cross-lagged network analyses to investigate the link between adolescents' psychological traits and IGD. A longitudinal study with 1186 adolescents, surveyed in October 2022 and 2023, reveals developmental variability in IGD's core symptoms, implying a changing network outcome. The results of the study found that “Compensatory online game use” at T1 was the strongest predictor of subsequent IGD at T2. In contrast, “Low self-control” in the T2 network is the symptom most likely to be influenced. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between psychological characteristics and IGD among adolescents, offering valuable insights that can inform and improve prevention and intervention programs aimed at effectively addressing this issue.

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the relationship between cognitive abilities, memory function, and personality traits: A study of the WAIS-IV, WMS-IV, and NEO-FFI

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113045

Krunoslav Matešić , Valentina Ružić , Slavka Galić

This study investigated the relationship between cognitive abilities measured using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV), memory functions measured using the Wechsler Memory Scales-IV (WMS-IV), and the five-factor model of personality, measured using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). All three measures were given to 330 participants aged between 18 and 74 years. Regression analysis was used to calculate how personality traits and WAIS-IV indices predict achievement on memory indices in one model and how personality traits and WMS-IV indices predict cognitive functions (indices of WAIS-IV) in another.

The results show that personality traits, mainly Neuroticism and Openness, are best predictors of intelligence scores and that based on the results of personality and memory, it is possible to predict approximately 50 % of the variance of total IQ. Regarding the possibility of predicting memory functions, the results show that results in intelligence indices are not significant predictors of success in memory tasks, and that only Conscientiousness significantly predicts success on the visual working memory. Overall, results indicate that better inferences can be drawn about intelligence based on memory scores than vice versa.

{"title":"Investigating the relationship between cognitive abilities, memory function, and personality traits: A study of the WAIS-IV, WMS-IV, and NEO-FFI","authors":"Krunoslav Matešić , Valentina Ružić , Slavka Galić","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the relationship between cognitive abilities measured using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV), memory functions measured using the Wechsler Memory Scales-IV (WMS-IV), and the five-factor model of personality, measured using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). All three measures were given to 330 participants aged between 18 and 74 years. Regression analysis was used to calculate how personality traits and WAIS-IV indices predict achievement on memory indices in one model and how personality traits and WMS-IV indices predict cognitive functions (indices of WAIS-IV) in another.</div><div>The results show that personality traits, mainly Neuroticism and Openness, are best predictors of intelligence scores and that based on the results of personality and memory, it is possible to predict approximately 50 % of the variance of total IQ. Regarding the possibility of predicting memory functions, the results show that results in intelligence indices are not significant predictors of success in memory tasks, and that only Conscientiousness significantly predicts success on the visual working memory. Overall, results indicate that better inferences can be drawn about intelligence based on memory scores than vice versa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 113045"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Latent profiles of the Dark Triad: Further person-centered exploration

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113049

Matthew J.W. McLarnon, Aleithia Beck

Person-centered approaches may offer unique insight into the nature of the Dark Triad by considering how the traits of Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy, which are present alongside a general D factor, combine. Yet, little past work has leveraged person-centered methods, like latent profile analysis (LPA), adequately. In this work, we focus on responses from 11,394 individuals to the Dirty Dozen measure of the Dark Triad. After using bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (B-ESEM) we identified four distinct profiles of the Dark Triad: Self-Absorbed, Exploiter, Manipulator, and Troublemaker, which partially aligned with the previous findings of McLarnon (2022). We also explored how age and sex predicted profile membership, and how the profiles were differentially associated with vulnerable narcissism, self-centeredness, and rejection sensitivity. Our findings underscore the potential value of using person-centered approaches to study the Dark Triad and offer insight into the generalizability, construct validity, and nomological network of the Dark Triad profiles.

引用次数: 0

Does compassion for oneself extend to prosocial behavior for others? Examining the relationship between self-compassion and prosocial behavior using multilevel meta-analysis

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113047

Xinyi Liu , Jiayi Li, Xu Chen

Self-compassion refers a positive attitude towards oneself, known to enhance individuals' psychological well-being. Its impact on interpersonal functions remains incompletely understood. A meta-analysis of research examining its relationship with prosocial behavior, delineating both overall and sub-components levels (i.e., self-warmth and self-coldness). From 59 studies (N = 39,625) yielding 369 effect sizes, multilevel meta-analysis revealed that self-compassion exhibits small-to-medium positive associations with general prosocial behavior and its diverse manifestations. Similar effect sizes were observed for the relationship between self-warmth and prosocial behavior, while self-coldness fails to yield significant effects. Moderation analysis indicated that the positive impact of self-compassion on prosocial behavior is contingent upon cultural context, types of prosocial behavior and sub-components of self-compassion. The association between self-warmth and prosocial behavior manifests variability across age groups. Future research should delve into the mediators of above links and the contexts in which it is most pronounced.

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引用次数: 0

Mortality, self-interest, and fairness: The differential impact of death-related news on advantageous inequity aversion

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113039

Wen Li , Yuwen Zhao , Shuaijie Lan, Lili Guan

Within the framework of Terror Management Theory (TMT), both the pursuit of monetary gain and engagement in prosocial behaviors can buffer against death anxiety. However, these buffers are in conflict in the context of fairness decision-making. Integrating TMT and Life History Theory, we investigated whether different death-related news articles lead individuals to adopt different anxiety-buffering strategies, resulting in varying levels of advantageous inequity aversion (IA). The participants were asked to read one of four news types (accidental death, illness-related death, natural death, or negative affect) and subsequently allocate money between themselves and their co-player. Both Study 1 and 2 demonstrated that participants in the accidental death news condition prioritized acquiring money to buffer against death anxiety, exhibiting lower advantageous IA. In contrast, participants in the illness-related death news condition prioritized engaging in prosocial behavior, exhibiting higher advantageous IA. Study 2 further revealed that accidental (vs. illness-related) death news priming decreased advantageous IA by increasing self-interest concern. Additionally, social distance moderated these effects, with both conditions leading to similarly high advantageous IA when allocating money to friends. These results extend the TMT by showing that the “priority” of different buffers (money, prosocial behavior) varies with mortality threats and social distance.

{"title":"Mortality, self-interest, and fairness: The differential impact of death-related news on advantageous inequity aversion","authors":"Wen Li , Yuwen Zhao , Shuaijie Lan, Lili Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within the framework of Terror Management Theory (TMT), both the pursuit of monetary gain and engagement in prosocial behaviors can buffer against death anxiety. However, these buffers are in conflict in the context of fairness decision-making. Integrating TMT and Life History Theory, we investigated whether different death-related news articles lead individuals to adopt different anxiety-buffering strategies, resulting in varying levels of advantageous inequity aversion (IA). The participants were asked to read one of four news types (accidental death, illness-related death, natural death, or negative affect) and subsequently allocate money between themselves and their co-player. Both Study 1 and 2 demonstrated that participants in the accidental death news condition prioritized acquiring money to buffer against death anxiety, exhibiting lower advantageous IA. In contrast, participants in the illness-related death news condition prioritized engaging in prosocial behavior, exhibiting higher advantageous IA. Study 2 further revealed that accidental (vs. illness-related) death news priming decreased advantageous IA by increasing self-interest concern. Additionally, social distance moderated these effects, with both conditions leading to similarly high advantageous IA when allocating money to friends. These results extend the TMT by showing that the “priority” of different buffers (money, prosocial behavior) varies with mortality threats and social distance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 113039"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptation in attentional cautiousness among highly sensitive persons: Evidence from spatial cueing paradigm

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113042

Luchuan Xiao (肖鲁川), Kris Baetens, Natacha Deroost

Individuals with higher sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) exhibit heightened cautiousness during attentional orienting. This study investigated how expectancy influences SPS-related cautiousness in two experiments using a spatial cueing paradigm. Spatial cues either validly or invalidly signaled the location of subsequent target stimuli. Experiment 1 manipulated cue-target predictivity at 80 % and 50 % probabilities. The results indicated that higher SPS was associated with a decreased validity effect in both probability conditions, suggesting that individuals with higher SPS tend to treat valid and invalid cues similarly. Experiment 2 expanded this manipulation to include probabilities of 100 %, 80 %, and 50 %. The results confirmed that higher SPS was associated with a decreased validity effect. Additionally, individuals with higher SPS responded more slowly; however, this slowing diminished as valid probability approached full predictivity (100 %), compared to partial probabilities (50 % and 80 %). The decreased validity effect associated with higher SPS supports the notion of heightened cautiousness in attentional orienting among highly sensitive individuals. Moreover, our findings suggest that highly sensitive individuals prefer predictable events, but can adapt their cautious attentional approach in response to varying expectancy levels. This study empirically links SPS to a preference for greater certainty while simultaneously showing adaptability under uncertain conditions.

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引用次数: 0

Agreement in parent-adolescent perceptions of parenting behavior: The influence of parental and adolescent narcissism and parents' remembered childhood adversity

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113046

Tayler E. Truhan , Ceri Welsh , Stefanos Mastrotheodoros , Kostas A. Papageorgiou

Discrepancies in parent and adolescent perceptions of parenting behavior contribute to poor family functioning and negative outcomes. Yet, there is a lack of research examining parent and adolescent personality and family context in relation to parent-adolescent parenting agreement. Narcissistic traits and parents' remembered childhood adversity have previously been linked to both positive and negative parenting. This cross-sectional study aimed at understanding whether parental and adolescent narcissism, at the facet level, and parental past adversity, statistically predict parent-adolescent parenting agreement. Analyses comprised four steps: profile correlations, network analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modelling. Parent-adolescent dyads (N = 304; 48 % mothers; 50 % girls) completed self-report measures. Parental authority and distrust were associated with higher agreement that parents utilized more warm and harsh parenting, respectively. Parents remembered emotional neglect was positively associated with agreement that parents used more hostile and controlling parenting and was linked to higher parental vulnerable and antagonistic narcissism. Adolescent self-absorption was positively associated with agreement on harsh parenting. Results demonstrate that narcissistic facets and parents' remembered emotional neglect differentially influence parent-offspring agreement on their perceptions of parenting behavior. Future work might incorporate more multi-dimensional assessments of personality and context to further disentangle associations between personality and parenting.

{"title":"Agreement in parent-adolescent perceptions of parenting behavior: The influence of parental and adolescent narcissism and parents' remembered childhood adversity","authors":"Tayler E. Truhan , Ceri Welsh , Stefanos Mastrotheodoros , Kostas A. Papageorgiou","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2025.113046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Discrepancies in parent and adolescent perceptions of parenting behavior contribute to poor family functioning and negative outcomes. Yet, there is a lack of research examining parent and adolescent personality and family context in relation to parent-adolescent parenting agreement. Narcissistic traits and parents' remembered childhood adversity have previously been linked to both positive and negative parenting. This cross-sectional study aimed at understanding whether parental and adolescent narcissism, at the facet level, and parental past adversity, statistically predict parent-adolescent parenting agreement. Analyses comprised four steps: profile correlations, network analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modelling. Parent-adolescent dyads (<em>N</em> = 304; 48 % mothers; 50 % girls) completed self-report measures. Parental authority and distrust were associated with higher agreement that parents utilized more warm and harsh parenting, respectively. Parents remembered emotional neglect was positively associated with agreement that parents used more hostile and controlling parenting and was linked to higher parental vulnerable and antagonistic narcissism. Adolescent self-absorption was positively associated with agreement on harsh parenting. Results demonstrate that narcissistic facets and parents' remembered emotional neglect differentially influence parent-offspring agreement on their perceptions of parenting behavior. Future work might incorporate more multi-dimensional assessments of personality and context to further disentangle associations between personality and parenting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 113046"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Confidence does not equal competence: Socially dominant individuals are more confident in their decisions without being more accurate

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113037

A. Belotelova , A.K. Martin

High status within social hierarchies is often the reserve of socially dominant individuals. Faster responses have been identified as a cognitive predisposition of socially dominant individuals, thought to confer an advantage by allowing them to act first in social contexts. Response speed is also thought to reflect decision confidence, but this has not been directly investigated in relation to social dominance. Moreover, personality traits, such as extraversion, may show a similar relationship with decision-making speed and confidence and may explain any relationship with social dominance. Confidence is thought to be domain specific and it is therefore important to assess whether any association between decision confidence and social dominance, is also observed in other cognitive domains. Across three studies, we assessed performance on a two-choice statistical learning decision-making task and a self-referential memory task. To measure metacognitive bias, we included confidence for both decisions and memory traces. We also included a measure of extraversion to investigate whether these two related personality traits explain overlapping or unique variance in task performance. Across three studies, social dominance and extraversion were positively correlated. Both social dominance and extraversion independently predicted variance on confidence for decisions, with stronger evidence for a unique role for social dominance, but no relationship was identified for confidence in memory traces.

{"title":"Confidence does not equal competence: Socially dominant individuals are more confident in their decisions without being more accurate","authors":"A. Belotelova , A.K. Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.113037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High status within social hierarchies is often the reserve of socially dominant individuals. Faster responses have been identified as a cognitive predisposition of socially dominant individuals, thought to confer an advantage by allowing them to act first in social contexts. Response speed is also thought to reflect decision confidence, but this has not been directly investigated in relation to social dominance. Moreover, personality traits, such as extraversion, may show a similar relationship with decision-making speed and confidence and may explain any relationship with social dominance. Confidence is thought to be domain specific and it is therefore important to assess whether any association between decision confidence and social dominance, is also observed in other cognitive domains. Across three studies, we assessed performance on a two-choice statistical learning decision-making task and a self-referential memory task. To measure metacognitive bias, we included confidence for both decisions and memory traces. We also included a measure of extraversion to investigate whether these two related personality traits explain overlapping or unique variance in task performance. Across three studies, social dominance and extraversion were positively correlated. Both social dominance and extraversion independently predicted variance on confidence for decisions, with stronger evidence for a unique role for social dominance, but no relationship was identified for confidence in memory traces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 113037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Personality and Individual Differences

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