Personality and Individual Differences最新文献

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Exploring the associations among relationship-related attitudes, affection deprivation, and faking orgasm among heterosexual women in the United States

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113079

Amanda Denes , Thana Suppiah , Margaret Bennett-Brown , Amanda N. Gesselman

The present study explored the associations among relationship-related (RR) attitudes, feeling deprived of affectionate touch, and the frequency of faking orgasm among a sample of 723 heterosexual women in the United States (M_age = 39.63, 60.9% White) who were single at the time of survey completion. Contrary to the study hypotheses, the results revealed that RR attitudes (i.e., interest in seeking a committed relationship, preference for sex in a committed relationship, and readiness for a relationship) were not associated with a greater frequency of faking orgasm, and feeling deprived of affection did not moderate these associations. Further, a greater preference for sex within a committed romantic relationship was associated with faking orgasm less frequently, contrary to what was predicted. Post hoc analyses revealed that feeling deprived of affectionate touch was associated with more frequently faking orgasm. Additionally, among a restricted sample of women who had been single for the prior year, no significant associations emerged between RR attitudes and faking orgasm. The findings provide support for aspects of affection exchange theory and suggest that affection deprivation may be a more meaningful predictor of heterosexual women's tendencies to fake orgasm than their RR attitudes.

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引用次数: 0

Psychological shadows: The Dark Tetrad and fraudulent shopping practices

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113103

Aaron Cohen

Fraudulent shopping practices, particularly fraudulent returns, result in significant financial losses for retailers and society. Despite this, the relationship between personality traits and such practices has received limited attention. This study explores the connection between Dark Tetrad traits and various types of fraudulent shopping behaviors. The sample comprised 250 US adults recruited through Prolific.

The findings indicate that Dark Tetrad traits are linked to different fraudulent shopping practices. Specifically, Machiavellianism positively influences impulsive buying behavior. Psychopathy is associated with both previous experiences of fraudulent shopping and a proclivity for consumer fraudulent returns, exhibiting a strong effect without significant influence from demographic variables. Narcissism emerges as the sole trait related to knowledge of return policies, while Machiavellianism uniquely correlates with intentions for online returns. In contrast, sadism shows no significant relationship with any fraudulent shopping behaviors.

The study concludes with practical and theoretical implications, highlighting the need for further research on this critical issue.

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引用次数: 0

Rethinking alexithymia in athletes: Barriers to help-seeking and opportunities for intervention

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113102

Yasutaka Ojio , Masaki Nishida

Alexithymia, characterized by difficulties in identifying and expressing emotions, is notably prevalent among athletes. Inspired by a recent study (Graham et al., 2025), this perspective examines its role in mental health challenges, emphasizing barriers to help-seeking. Individuals with alexithymia face an increased risk of mental health disorders, including depression and anxiety. Integrating insights from related disciplines, we highlight the urgent need for culturally sensitive, technology-driven interventions tailored to athletes. These approaches hold promise for addressing unique challenges and promoting the mental well-being.

引用次数: 0

ISSID Pages

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(25)00060-1

引用次数: 0

Dark childhood, dark personality: Relations between experiences of child abuse and dark tetrad traits

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113089

Manuel Galán , David Pineda , Pilar Rico-Bordera , Jose A. Piqueras , Peter Muris

Extensive literature connects the Dark personality traits—narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism—with antisocial behaviours, but less is known about the origins of these traits. This study examines the relations between childhood abuse and Dark Tetrad traits. A cross-sectional retrospective research design was used involving a sample of 372 non-clinical adult participants who completed self-report measures assessing non-violent and violent parental discipline tactics and the Dark Tetrad traits. Correlations showed that all parental discipline tactics were positively related to Dark Tetrad traits. Regression analyses revealed that psychological aggression uniquely and positively predicted psychopathy and sadism, while severe assault emerged as a unique positive predictor of Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Nonviolent discipline and corporal punishment or minor assault did not make a significant contribution to any of the dark traits. In conclusion, these findings suggest a modest but significant role of an adverse childhood environment in shaping dark personality traits.

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引用次数: 0

Individual differences in upward and downward counterfactual thinking: Assessment considerations

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113101

Amy Y.C. Chan, Peter Caputi, Angela du Bois

Research on counterfactual thinking (thinking about ‘what might have been’) identifies that people vary in the direction and focus of their imagined alternatives to past events. Diverse methods exist to assess individual differences in such thinking. Extant psychometric assessments of counterfactual thinking contribute to knowledge about relationships between certain forms of upward and downward counterfactual thoughts and relevant psychosocial outcomes. In this article, we raise principled concerns for a more balanced investigation of self-referent, other-referent, and nonreferent forms of both upward and downward counterfactual thinking. Specifically, we propose that one avenue of investigation is to expand upon existing scale-based measures to facilitate self-reports of different types of upward and downward counterfactual thoughts with equal emphasis.

引用次数: 0

Intellectual humility links to metacognitive ability

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.113028

Helen Fischer , Astrid Kause , Markus Huff

Intellectual humility is increasingly recognized as a cognitive virtue that helps foster truth-seeking and compromise, and mitigating polarization. Yet the current body of evidence grapples with a striking contradiction: The prevailing theoretical account suggests that intellectual humility hinges on metacognitive ability—the capacity to introspect on one's own performance which manifests in assigning due confidence to the varying accuracy of one's performance. However, empirical research testing this metacognitive ability account of intellectual humility has yielded inconsistent results. Here, we introduce a cognitive science approach informed by Signal Detection Theory, allowing for a more nuanced separation of metacognitive ability from correlated but distinct concepts (i.e., confidence and task performance). We conduct a national survey study among a national US sample (N = 999) involving the interpretation of one of the most heavily contested domains—climate change—lending itself for an investigation into how intellectual humility relates to cognitive processes in domains where it is most needed. To gauge participants' ability to distinguish true from false interpretations of evidence (i.e., task performance), we presented them with four summaries of fictitious studies on renewable energy, followed by 2-alternative forced choice questions that assessed their accuracy and confidence in their responses. Results showed that firstly, more intellectually humble citizens performed better at discerning correct from incorrect interpretations of the presented evidence. Secondly, more intellectually humble citizens exhibited a heightened capacity to adjust their confidence levels to the varying accuracy of their evidence interpretations–indicating higher metacognitive ability—and this association was robust to accounting for their superior task performance, and other preregistered covariates. And thirdly, in contrast to intuitive notions, more intellectually humble citizens did not exhibit lower metacognitive bias, the inclination to report lower (vs. higher) confidence in general. By highlighting the role of metacognitive ability in intellectual humility, the current study delivers empirical evidence for the ancient notion that epistemic virtues may involve metacognitive ability.

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引用次数: 0

Beliefs about the longevity of emotions and depression

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113094

Sunkyung Yoon , Yunsu Kim , Heejoo Kim , Nagyeom Yang

The literature on beliefs about emotions has primarily addressed malleability beliefs (i.e., beliefs that emotions can change), but beliefs about the longevity of emotions (i.e., beliefs about the persistence of emotions) have emerged as significant factors related to emotional distress. This research investigated which specific longevity beliefs about emotions are most closely associated with depressive symptoms (Studies 1 and 2) and whether longevity beliefs predict greater persistence of depressive affect in daily life (emotional inertia) in Study 3. Study 1, involving female U.S. college students (n = 73), found that explicit longevity beliefs about depressive affect significantly predicted higher depressive symptoms, even after accounting for other longevity beliefs and current affect. Study 2, with U.S. adult residents (n = 232), showed that explicit longevity beliefs about depressive affect (but not about positive affect) predicted increased depressive symptoms, after controlling for malleability beliefs. Study 3 demonstrated that female South Korean college students with depressive disorders (n = 50) who believed depressive affect lasts longer experienced higher emotional inertia in daily life. These findings highlight the importance of examining longevity beliefs about emotions, especially depressive affect, in understanding depression.

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引用次数: 0

Dispositional mindfulness, conspiracy mentality, and generic conspiracy beliefs: Preliminary empirical evidence of a mediational model

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113090

Marco Salvati

An increasing amount of literature on dispositional mindfulness has focused on several positive outcomes, such as psychological well-being, stress reduction, improved quality of life, and reduced levels of stereotypes and prejudices. At the same time, recently, a large corpus of studies focused on antecedents and potential negative consequences of conspiracy beliefs, which increasingly affect our societies. However, no previous study explored the relationships between people's dispositional mindfulness and their adherence to conspiracy beliefs. The current research conducted on 299 Italian participants contributes to filling this gap, hypothesizing that higher dispositional mindfulness would be associated with lower adherence to generic conspiracy beliefs, via lower levels of conspiracy mentality. Thus, a mediational path model was tested. The results confirmed the expectations, showing that the more people reported higher dispositional mindfulness, the less they reported conspiracy mentality, which in turn was associated with lower levels of adherence to generic conspiracy beliefs. This study provided a preliminary empirical basis for future research and interventions, proposing itself to be a relevant first step in investigating mindfulness-based interventions as preventive tools to counteract the increasing conspiracy beliefs in our contemporary societies.

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引用次数: 0

When love constrains: The impact of parental psychological control on dark personality development in adolescents

IF 3.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Personality and Individual Differences

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2025.113093

Junwei Pu, Xiong Gan

While previous research has highlighted the effects of parental psychological control (PPC) on children's maladaptive development, this study adopts the intergenerational transmission framework to explore the potential influence of PPC on the development of children's personality traits, particularly Dark Triad traits (DT), from the perspective of family processes. Based on a combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches, this study aims to explore the potential link between PPC and the development of DT traits in children through two sub-studies, aiming to uncover the underlying psychological mechanisms. The chain mediation model in Study 1 suggested that excessive PPC is significantly associated with higher levels of DT traits in children, with this relationship being mediated by alienation and peer conflicts. The RI-CLPM in Study 2 further revealed that early parental psychological control may predict the continued development of DT traits over time, and teachers' emotional support may serve as a buffering factor in this longitudinal process. These conclusions offer new insights into the complex dynamics between parents and their offspring, highlighting that, at times, love can also act as a form of constraint.

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引用次数: 0

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