Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112896
The study sought the unravel the differential materialistic tendencies of narcissists as a function of their grandiosity and vulnerability (GN and VN). We propose that self-esteem lies at core of materialistic behavior and hypothesize that any differential GN/VN and materialism relationship is influenced by the nature of association between self-esteem and GN/VN. Two empirical studies were conducted. Study – 1 examined the mediating role of self – esteem among working managers (n = 327). Further, in Study – 2, the shopping cart of a large group (n = 233) of regular Amazon shoppers was profiled for purchase patterns in an online shopping task. In Study – 1, it was observed that self-esteem significantly mediated the effects of the grandiose and vulnerable narcissism onto materialism. Further, in Study – 2, it was observed that, grandiose (vulnerable) narcissists primarily purchased branded (trendy) products, of higher (lower) average price per product, and spent a larger (smaller) proportion of their money in buying costly products. The research summarizes self-esteem related differences between grandiose and vulnerable narcissists and sheds light on the different motivational basis to this materialistic tendency. The findings further challenge extant ideas concerning the relationship between narcissists and their association with prominent brands.
{"title":"Grandiose or vulnerable? Narcissism subtype differentiates materialistic pursuit","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study sought the unravel the differential materialistic tendencies of narcissists as a function of their grandiosity and vulnerability (GN and VN). We propose that self-esteem lies at core of materialistic behavior and hypothesize that any differential GN/VN and materialism relationship is influenced by the nature of association between self-esteem and GN/VN. Two empirical studies were conducted. Study – 1 examined the mediating role of self – esteem among working managers (<em>n</em> = 327). Further, in Study – 2, the shopping cart of a large group (<em>n</em> = 233) of regular Amazon shoppers was profiled for purchase patterns in an online shopping task. In Study – 1, it was observed that self-esteem significantly mediated the effects of the grandiose and vulnerable narcissism onto materialism. Further, in Study – 2, it was observed that, <em>grandiose</em> (<em>vulnerable</em>) narcissists primarily purchased <em>branded</em> (<em>trendy</em>) products, of <em>higher</em> (<em>lower</em>) average price per product, and spent a <em>larger</em> (<em>smaller</em>) proportion of their money in buying costly products. The research summarizes self-esteem related differences between grandiose and vulnerable narcissists and sheds light on the different motivational basis to this materialistic tendency. The findings further challenge extant ideas concerning the relationship between narcissists and their association with prominent brands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112847
Reinforcement sensitivity theory is often used as a larger framework to explore individual differences in reinforcement sensitivity, but a core assumption—that sensitivity is indifferent to the type of reinforcer—has rarely been considered. Similarly, research into loneliness often neglects a key component: social needs. Despite stating that individuals possess varying social needs, appropriate reinforcement questionnaires are lacking. This study aims to explore both issues, by developing a psychometric measure, the Social Reward Sensitivity Questionnaire (SRSQ), while administering Carver and White's (1994) BIS/BAS scale, and measuring extraversion and sensitivity to food reinforcers. Based on a 1003 representative Danish participants, food and social reinforcement sensitivity appear to be distinct yet related sensitivities. The SRSQ was developed using Item Response Theory to be a broad-trait measure without differential item functioning for both biological gender and age. All data and the R code used for statistical analyses are available in the supplementary material.
{"title":"A psychometric exploration of the specificity of reinforcement sensitivity and social needs","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reinforcement sensitivity theory is often used as a larger framework to explore individual differences in reinforcement sensitivity, but a core assumption—that sensitivity is indifferent to the type of reinforcer—has rarely been considered. Similarly, research into loneliness often neglects a key component: social needs. Despite stating that individuals possess varying social needs, appropriate reinforcement questionnaires are lacking. This study aims to explore both issues, by developing a psychometric measure, the Social Reward Sensitivity Questionnaire (SRSQ), while administering Carver and White's (1994) BIS/BAS scale, and measuring extraversion and sensitivity to food reinforcers. Based on a 1003 representative Danish participants, food and social reinforcement sensitivity appear to be distinct yet related sensitivities. The SRSQ was developed using Item Response Theory to be a broad-trait measure without differential item functioning for both biological gender and age. All data and the R code used for statistical analyses are available in the supplementary material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112892
Cyberbullying is a common social problem that has a profound impact on the psychological and emotional state of victims, especially with complex associations between school connection and depression. Research has shown that victims of cyberbullying often feel isolated and lack a sense of belonging in the school environment, which weakens their emotional connection with the school community, namely school connection. Due to the decrease in school connection, victims may be more likely to experience depressive emotions, as schools are a key place for them to receive social support and positive interaction. Meanwhile, the exacerbation of depression may form a vicious cycle, making it more difficult for victims to escape the negative effects of cyberbullying. Therefore, it is necessary for us to explore the relationship and mechanisms between cyberbullying victimization, school connection, and depression. The aim of this study is to adopt a tracking research design and use cross lag analysis to explore the longitudinal relationship between high school students' cyberbullying victimization, school connections, and depression, to further understand the causal relationship among the three factors. And test the lagged effect of cyberbullying victimization on depression, compare data from different time points to determine whether cyberbullying victimization will lead to the onset or exacerbation of depressive symptoms after a period of time. In addition, it can also explore the mediating role of school connections between cyberbullying victimization and depression. The study sample comprised 622 high school students, who participated in a longitudinal assessment (two time points, six months apart). They completed the Cyberbullying and Cyberbullying Victimization Scale, School Contact Scale, and Depression Scale. The results revealed that at T1, cyberbullying victimization negatively predicts school connectivity among high school students. T1 cyberbullying victimization positively predicts T1 depression, and T1 depression, in turn, significantly predicts T2 cyberbullying victimization. There is a reciprocal predictive relationship between school connection and depression. School connection at both T1 and T2 mediates the relationship between cyberbullying victimization and depression. Based on these results, it is indicated that prevention and intervention efforts for depression need to address the phenomenon of cyberbullying victimization and enhance students' school connection.
{"title":"Cross-lagged analysis of cyberbullying victimization, school connection, and depression among high school students","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyberbullying is a common social problem that has a profound impact on the psychological and emotional state of victims, especially with complex associations between school connection and depression. Research has shown that victims of cyberbullying often feel isolated and lack a sense of belonging in the school environment, which weakens their emotional connection with the school community, namely school connection. Due to the decrease in school connection, victims may be more likely to experience depressive emotions, as schools are a key place for them to receive social support and positive interaction. Meanwhile, the exacerbation of depression may form a vicious cycle, making it more difficult for victims to escape the negative effects of cyberbullying. Therefore, it is necessary for us to explore the relationship and mechanisms between cyberbullying victimization, school connection, and depression. The aim of this study is to adopt a tracking research design and use cross lag analysis to explore the longitudinal relationship between high school students' cyberbullying victimization, school connections, and depression, to further understand the causal relationship among the three factors. And test the lagged effect of cyberbullying victimization on depression, compare data from different time points to determine whether cyberbullying victimization will lead to the onset or exacerbation of depressive symptoms after a period of time. In addition, it can also explore the mediating role of school connections between cyberbullying victimization and depression. The study sample comprised 622 high school students, who participated in a longitudinal assessment (two time points, six months apart). They completed the Cyberbullying and Cyberbullying Victimization Scale, School Contact Scale, and Depression Scale. The results revealed that at T1, cyberbullying victimization negatively predicts school connectivity among high school students. T1 cyberbullying victimization positively predicts T1 depression, and T1 depression, in turn, significantly predicts T2 cyberbullying victimization. There is a reciprocal predictive relationship between school connection and depression. School connection at both T1 and T2 mediates the relationship between cyberbullying victimization and depression. Based on these results, it is indicated that prevention and intervention efforts for depression need to address the phenomenon of cyberbullying victimization and enhance students' school connection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112889
The present research investigated whether individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) present with specificities of moral reasoning. Some previous exploratory studies have assessed the differences in moral judgment between ASD and control participants, but results were mixed. The present study aimed to quantify such differences using a larger sample and a standard moral task built upon the new CNI (Consequences, Norms and Generalized Inaction) model of moral judgment that resolves multiple confounds in the measurement of moral judgments. A total of 148 adults with ASD and 151 controls completed 24 sacrificial dilemmas from the CNI battery, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale and the Cognitive Reflection Task. We did not find any differences in moral judgments between ASD and control participants, and this pattern was consistent for all the CNI parameters. Equivalence tests revealed that it can be safely excluded that our study missed medium to large differences in moral judgments between ASD and control participants when assessed using sacrificial dilemmas. Additional data quality checks allow to rule out the possibility that the small differences in moral judgments between the groups are due to poor data quality. The implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
{"title":"Relationship between reasoning, autistic and alexithymic traits in moral judgments","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present research investigated whether individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) present with specificities of moral reasoning. Some previous exploratory studies have assessed the differences in moral judgment between ASD and control participants, but results were mixed. The present study aimed to quantify such differences using a larger sample and a standard moral task built upon the new CNI (Consequences, Norms and Generalized Inaction) model of moral judgment that resolves multiple confounds in the measurement of moral judgments. A total of 148 adults with ASD and 151 controls completed 24 sacrificial dilemmas from the CNI battery, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale and the Cognitive Reflection Task. We did not find any differences in moral judgments between ASD and control participants, and this pattern was consistent for all the CNI parameters. Equivalence tests revealed that it can be safely excluded that our study missed medium to large differences in moral judgments between ASD and control participants when assessed using sacrificial dilemmas. Additional data quality checks allow to rule out the possibility that the small differences in moral judgments between the groups are due to poor data quality. The implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112870
Past research has demonstrated that university students with a stronger sense of purpose tend to fare better than their peers. However, work is needed to investigate the mechanisms and skills that may underlie these associations. The current studies employed two university student samples (total n = 412) and comprehensively investigated associations between sense of purpose and social-emotional-behavioral skills, using multiple purpose measures. Associations were relatively similar across measures and samples, and results suggested that sense of purpose was most robustly positively associated with self-management skills. Sense of purpose also was associated with better student wellbeing (life satisfaction, college satisfaction, and student connectedness), though it was inconsistently associated with reported likelihood of degree completion. Sense of purpose largely remained a significant correlate of student wellbeing, even when accounting for SEB skill domains, although some associations between purpose and wellbeing were reduced in magnitude.
{"title":"Sense of purpose and social-emotional-behavioral skills during university","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Past research has demonstrated that university students with a stronger sense of purpose tend to fare better than their peers. However, work is needed to investigate the mechanisms and skills that may underlie these associations. The current studies employed two university student samples (total <em>n</em> = 412) and comprehensively investigated associations between sense of purpose and social-emotional-behavioral skills, using multiple purpose measures. Associations were relatively similar across measures and samples, and results suggested that sense of purpose was most robustly positively associated with self-management skills. Sense of purpose also was associated with better student wellbeing (life satisfaction, college satisfaction, and student connectedness), though it was inconsistently associated with reported likelihood of degree completion. Sense of purpose largely remained a significant correlate of student wellbeing, even when accounting for SEB skill domains, although some associations between purpose and wellbeing were reduced in magnitude.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112890
Interpersonal touch is an essential part of human social life, impacting emotional and physical well-being. Variations in touch behavior and perception can be assessed by the Touch Experiences and Attitudes Questionnaire (TEAQ). Although comprehensive, the TEAQ appears lengthy with 57 items, limiting its usability for large surveys. Therefore, we developed a refined and shortened version of 16 items, tested in Germany and France. This manuscript presents three studies. In the first, we created the TEAQ-s (n = 313). In the second and third, we validated the TEAQ-s in German (n = 383) and French (n = 327), respectively. The resulting TEAQ-s showed strong reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.86 to 0.87; test-retest correlation: r = 0.85) and validity consistent with the original version. Analyses also revealed that being in a relationship, relationship satisfaction, mental health, and body appreciation were positively related to touch experiences and attitudes. A four-factor structure (4 items per scale) was confirmed through factor analysis. Final subscales are attitude to friendly touch, current intimate touch, childhood touch, and attitude to intimate touch. We hope that the TEAQ-s serves as a valuable tool for researchers in the field of touch and beyond, offering well-founded items in an efficient format.
{"title":"Measuring differences in social touch: Development and validation of the short Touch Experiences and Attitudes Questionnaire (TEAQ-s)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interpersonal touch is an essential part of human social life, impacting emotional and physical well-being. Variations in touch behavior and perception can be assessed by the <em>Touch Experiences and Attitudes Questionnaire (TEAQ)</em>. Although comprehensive, the TEAQ appears lengthy with 57 items, limiting its usability for large surveys. Therefore, we developed a refined and shortened version of 16 items, tested in Germany and France. This manuscript presents three studies. In the first, we created the TEAQ-s (<em>n</em> = 313). In the second and third, we validated the TEAQ-s in German (<em>n</em> = 383) and French (<em>n</em> = 327), respectively. The resulting TEAQ-s showed strong reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.86 to 0.87; test-retest correlation: <em>r</em> = 0.85) and validity consistent with the original version. Analyses also revealed that being in a relationship, relationship satisfaction, mental health, and body appreciation were positively related to touch experiences and attitudes. A four-factor structure (4 items per scale) was confirmed through factor analysis. Final subscales are <em>attitude to friendly touch</em>, <em>current intimate touch</em>, <em>childhood touch</em>, and <em>attitude to intimate touch</em>. We hope that the TEAQ-s serves as a valuable tool for researchers in the field of touch and beyond, offering well-founded items in an efficient format.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112897
Nascent entrepreneurs, individuals in the initial stages of establishing new business ventures, play a crucial role in both the economy and society. By focusing on personality and workplace dynamics this study analyzes the antecedents of individual's intention to embark on entrepreneurship by using survey data from 1497 employees across nine Latin American countries including Argentina, Peru, Mexico, Chile, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Cuba, and Brazil. Our cross-cultural results reveal that a higher presence of all three components of Dark Triad traits—Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism—significantly enhances an employee's inclination toward entrepreneurship. Additionally, workers who have higher scores in these three traits perceive themselves as being ostracized or marginalized in the workplace due to their personality characteristics. This perception, in turn, makes them more interested in seeking alternative paths, such as starting their own business. Interestingly, males generally scored higher on Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism compared to females. However, in Cuba, females scored higher than males on all three traits. Geographically, Chilean employees had the highest scores for Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism, while Peruvian employees had the lowest scores for Machiavellianism and narcissism. Cubans scored the lowest in terms of psychopathy. These findings highlight the complex relationship between personality traits and workplace dynamics in influencing entrepreneurial intentions, offering valuable insights into the motivations driving entrepreneurial pursuits.
{"title":"How ‘dark’ are Latino: Implications for nascent entrepreneurship","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nascent entrepreneurs, individuals in the initial stages of establishing new business ventures, play a crucial role in both the economy and society. By focusing on personality and workplace dynamics this study analyzes the antecedents of individual's intention to embark on entrepreneurship by using survey data from 1497 employees across nine Latin American countries including Argentina, Peru, Mexico, Chile, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Cuba, and Brazil. Our cross-cultural results reveal that a higher presence of all three components of Dark Triad traits—Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism—significantly enhances an employee's inclination toward entrepreneurship. Additionally, workers who have higher scores in these three traits perceive themselves as being ostracized or marginalized in the workplace due to their personality characteristics. This perception, in turn, makes them more interested in seeking alternative paths, such as starting their own business. Interestingly, males generally scored higher on Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism compared to females. However, in Cuba, females scored higher than males on all three traits. Geographically, Chilean employees had the highest scores for Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism, while Peruvian employees had the lowest scores for Machiavellianism and narcissism. Cubans scored the lowest in terms of psychopathy. These findings highlight the complex relationship between personality traits and workplace dynamics in influencing entrepreneurial intentions, offering valuable insights into the motivations driving entrepreneurial pursuits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112877
This study used the trait activation theory to develop a conceptual model that explained how and when the dark triad state influenced negative deviant behaviours (NDB). For that, we tested malevolent creativity as a mediating variable and maverickism as a moderator. Diary data was collected from 54 working adults (324 measurement occasions). The multilevel results showed that (1) all the DT states had a positive relationship with NDB through malevolent creativity, and (2) maverickism moderated the indirect effect of machiavellianism and narcissism, but not for psychopathy. Specifically, the relationship between machiavellianism and narcissism and NDB via malevolent creativity became stronger for those who scored lower on maverickism. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
{"title":"Folie à deux? How Mavericks shape the relationship between the dark triad and negative deviant behaviours through malevolent creativity","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study used the trait activation theory to develop a conceptual model that explained how and when the dark triad state influenced negative deviant behaviours (NDB). For that, we tested malevolent creativity as a mediating variable and maverickism as a moderator. Diary data was collected from 54 working adults (324 measurement occasions). The multilevel results showed that (1) all the DT states had a positive relationship with NDB through malevolent creativity, and (2) maverickism moderated the indirect effect of machiavellianism and narcissism, but not for psychopathy. Specifically, the relationship between machiavellianism and narcissism and NDB via malevolent creativity became stronger for those who scored lower on maverickism. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112893
Epistemic trust has emerged as a promising construct in understanding psycho(patho)logical functioning. However, its interplay with other dimensions that may contribute to developing specific symptom patterns remains underexplored. This study sought to investigate how epistemic trust, mistrust, and credulity relate to relational difficulties, defense mechanisms, and psychological symptoms to enrich the comprehension of their impact on mental health. A sample of 385 Italian individuals (60 % females and 40 % males, Mage = 28.2, SDage = 9.6, 18–65 years) completed an online survey including self-report questionnaires: Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, and Credulity Questionnaire, Defense Mechanisms Rating Scale-Self-Report-30, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-32, and Brief Symptom Inventory. Results showed that epistemic disruptions were associated with severe interpersonal problems, more primitive defense mechanisms, and greater levels of psychopathology. Moreover, epistemic mistrust and lower defensive functioning strongly predicted higher levels of symptomatology, underscoring their detrimental effect on processes underlying mental health. These findings highlight the critical role of epistemic disruptions as risk factors for psychological distress, offering vital insights into the dynamic mechanisms underpinning mental health, as well as implications for intervention protocols and clinical practice.
{"title":"An investigation into the interplay of epistemic trust, defensive mechanisms, interpersonal problems, and symptomatology: A mediation model","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epistemic trust has emerged as a promising construct in understanding psycho(patho)logical functioning. However, its interplay with other dimensions that may contribute to developing specific symptom patterns remains underexplored. This study sought to investigate how epistemic trust, mistrust, and credulity relate to relational difficulties, defense mechanisms, and psychological symptoms to enrich the comprehension of their impact on mental health. A sample of 385 Italian individuals (60 % females and 40 % males, <em>M</em><sub><em>age</em></sub> = 28.2, <em>SD</em><sub><em>age</em></sub> = 9.6, 18–65 years) completed an online survey including self-report questionnaires: <em>Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, and Credulity Questionnaire</em>, <em>Defense Mechanisms Rating Scale-Self-Report-30</em>, <em>Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-32</em>, and <em>Brief Symptom Inventory</em>. Results showed that epistemic disruptions were associated with severe interpersonal problems, more primitive defense mechanisms, and greater levels of psychopathology. Moreover, epistemic mistrust and lower defensive functioning strongly predicted higher levels of symptomatology, underscoring their detrimental effect on processes underlying mental health. These findings highlight the critical role of epistemic disruptions as risk factors for psychological distress, offering vital insights into the dynamic mechanisms underpinning mental health, as well as implications for intervention protocols and clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886924003532/pdfft?md5=5ed087a0fd5f57c25d714010cf99fcf9&pid=1-s2.0-S0191886924003532-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2024.112881
It is not uncommon for employees to engage in creative deviance after their ideas are rejected by leaders. Yet, it is premature to assume that every employee will respond to leaders' rejection of their ideas by engaging in creative deviance. In this article, we employ identity-based control theory to elucidate when and how leaders' rejection of ideas leads to employees' creative deviance. Specifically, given that idea rejection provides feedback inconsistent with their identity expectations, we theorize that employees with higher creative role identities will experience stronger creative identity threat when encountering leaders' rejection. The creative identity threat in turn leads employees to reconfirm their identities by engaging in creative deviance because it can serve as a shortcut to restore their threatened identities. We conducted two studies utilizing three-wave time-lagged survey (Study 1: N = 228) and scenario-based experimental designs (Study 2: N = 232). Results from ANOVA and path analysis supported our hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
{"title":"Proving my creativity: When and why leaders' idea rejection leads to employees' creative deviance?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paid.2024.112881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is not uncommon for employees to engage in creative deviance after their ideas are rejected by leaders. Yet, it is premature to assume that every employee will respond to leaders' rejection of their ideas by engaging in creative deviance. In this article, we employ identity-based control theory to elucidate when and how leaders' rejection of ideas leads to employees' creative deviance. Specifically, given that idea rejection provides feedback inconsistent with their identity expectations, we theorize that employees with higher creative role identities will experience stronger creative identity threat when encountering leaders' rejection. The creative identity threat in turn leads employees to reconfirm their identities by engaging in creative deviance because it can serve as a shortcut to restore their threatened identities. We conducted two studies utilizing three-wave time-lagged survey (Study 1: <em>N</em> = 228) and scenario-based experimental designs (Study 2: <em>N</em> = 232). Results from ANOVA and path analysis supported our hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48467,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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