We investigate the use of spherical cross-correlation as a similarity measure of sound radiation patterns, with potential applications for their study, organization, and manipulation. This work is motivated by the application of corpus-based synthesis techniques to spatial projection based on the radiation patterns of orchestral instruments. To this end, we wish to derive spatial descriptors to complement other audio features available for the organization of the sample corpus. Considering two directivity functions on the sphere, their spherical correlation can be computed from their spherical harmonic coefficients. In addition, one can search for the 3-D rotation matrix which maximizes the cross-correlation, i.e. which offers the optimal spherical shape matching. The mathematical foundations of these tools are well established in the literature; however, their practical use in the field of acoustics remains relatively limited and challenging. As a proof of concept, we apply these techniques both to simulated radiation data and to measurements derived from an existing database of 3-D directivity patterns of orchestral instruments. Using these examples we present several test cases to compare the results of spherical correlation to mathematical and acoustical expectations. A range of visualization methods are applied to analyze the test cases, including multi-dimensional scaling, employed as an efficient technique for data reduction and navigation. This article is an extended version of a study previously published in [Carpentier and Einbond. 16th Congrès Français d’Acoustique (CFA), Marseille, France, April 2022, pp. 1–6. https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/28202/].
我们研究了使用球形互相关作为声辐射模式的相似性度量，以及它们的研究、组织和操作的潜在应用。这项工作的动机是将基于语料库的合成技术应用于基于管弦乐乐器辐射模式的空间投影。为此，我们希望派生空间描述符来补充样本语料库组织可用的其他音频特征。考虑球面上的两个指向性函数，可以通过它们的球谐系数计算它们的球相关关系。此外，还可以搜索使相互关系最大化的三维旋转矩阵，即提供最佳球形匹配的三维旋转矩阵。这些工具的数学基础在文献中得到了很好的确立;然而，它们在声学领域的实际应用仍然相对有限和具有挑战性。作为概念的证明，我们将这些技术应用于模拟辐射数据和从管弦乐器的三维指向性模式的现有数据库中获得的测量。使用这些例子，我们提出了几个测试案例，以比较球形相关结果与数学和声学期望。应用了一系列可视化方法来分析测试用例，包括多维缩放，作为一种有效的数据简化和导航技术。本文是先前发表在[Carpentier and Einbond] .第16届法国声学大会(CFA)，马赛，法国，2022年4月，第1-6页上的一项研究的扩展版本。https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/28202/]。
{"title":"Spherical correlation as a similarity measure for 3-D radiation patterns of musical instruments","authors":"Thibaut Carpentier, A. Einbond","doi":"10.1051/aacus/2023033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2023033","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the use of spherical cross-correlation as a similarity measure of sound radiation patterns, with potential applications for their study, organization, and manipulation. This work is motivated by the application of corpus-based synthesis techniques to spatial projection based on the radiation patterns of orchestral instruments. To this end, we wish to derive spatial descriptors to complement other audio features available for the organization of the sample corpus. Considering two directivity functions on the sphere, their spherical correlation can be computed from their spherical harmonic coefficients. In addition, one can search for the 3-D rotation matrix which maximizes the cross-correlation, i.e. which offers the optimal spherical shape matching. The mathematical foundations of these tools are well established in the literature; however, their practical use in the field of acoustics remains relatively limited and challenging. As a proof of concept, we apply these techniques both to simulated radiation data and to measurements derived from an existing database of 3-D directivity patterns of orchestral instruments. Using these examples we present several test cases to compare the results of spherical correlation to mathematical and acoustical expectations. A range of visualization methods are applied to analyze the test cases, including multi-dimensional scaling, employed as an efficient technique for data reduction and navigation. This article is an extended version of a study previously published in [Carpentier and Einbond. 16th Congrès Français d’Acoustique (CFA), Marseille, France, April 2022, pp. 1–6. https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/28202/].","PeriodicalId":48486,"journal":{"name":"Acta Acustica","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80824650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The human voice is a directional sound source. This property has been explored for more than 200 years, mainly using measurements of human participants. Some efforts have been made to understand the anatomical parameters that influence speech directivity, e.g., the mouth opening, diffraction and reflections due to the head and torso, the lips and the vocal tract. However, these parameters have mostly been studied separately, without being integrated into a complete model or replica. The aim of this work was to study the combined influence of the torso, the lips and the vocal tract geometry on speech directivity. For this purpose, a simplified head and torso simulator was built; this simulator made it possible to vary these parameters independently. It consisted of two spheres representing the head and the torso into which vocal tract replicas with or without lips could be inserted. The directivity patterns were measured in an anechoic room with a turntable and a microphone that could be placed at different angular positions. Different effects such as torso diffraction and reflections, the correlation of the mouth dimensions with directionality, the higher-order modes and the increase in directionality due to the lips were confirmed and further documented. Interactions between the different parameters were found. It was observed that torso diffraction and reflections were enhanced by the presence of the lips, that they could be modified or masked by the effect of higher-order modes and that the lips tend to attenuate the effect of higher-order modes.
{"title":"Investigation of the influence of the torso, lips and vocal tract configuration on speech directivity using measurements from a custom head and torso simulator","authors":"R. Blandin, Jingyan Geng, P. Birkholz","doi":"10.1051/aacus/2023035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2023035","url":null,"abstract":"The human voice is a directional sound source. This property has been explored for more than 200 years, mainly using measurements of human participants. Some efforts have been made to understand the anatomical parameters that influence speech directivity, e.g., the mouth opening, diffraction and reflections due to the head and torso, the lips and the vocal tract. However, these parameters have mostly been studied separately, without being integrated into a complete model or replica. The aim of this work was to study the combined influence of the torso, the lips and the vocal tract geometry on speech directivity. For this purpose, a simplified head and torso simulator was built; this simulator made it possible to vary these parameters independently. It consisted of two spheres representing the head and the torso into which vocal tract replicas with or without lips could be inserted. The directivity patterns were measured in an anechoic room with a turntable and a microphone that could be placed at different angular positions. Different effects such as torso diffraction and reflections, the correlation of the mouth dimensions with directionality, the higher-order modes and the increase in directionality due to the lips were confirmed and further documented. Interactions between the different parameters were found. It was observed that torso diffraction and reflections were enhanced by the presence of the lips, that they could be modified or masked by the effect of higher-order modes and that the lips tend to attenuate the effect of higher-order modes.","PeriodicalId":48486,"journal":{"name":"Acta Acustica","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86683059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rubber ball impact sound has been standardized by ISO 10140 series and ISO 16283-2 for laboratory and field measurements, respectively. The ISO 10052 standard specifies a survey method for the impact sound measurement using a tapping machine and a rubber ball. This study proposed measurement position for the survey method which is highly correlated with result based on the Korean Standards (KS) and the building regulation of South Korea for engineering method. The rubber ball impact sounds were measured in 79 reinforced concrete apartment houses, which have a centre point and four perimeter points for both exciting and receiving sounds. The proposed survey method was validated for only a specific type of apartment building layout and construction in the South Korean environment. The excitation and receiving points in the perimeter having the most similar characteristics to the results obtained using the Korean engineering methods were first selected. By combining the selected perimeter point and centre point for both the excitation and receiving sounds, the characteristics of each combination were compared with the results obtained using the Korean engineering method. When one excitation point or receiving point in the perimeter was added to the centre point for the proposed survey method, the difference between the measurement result using the engineering and proposed survey method decreased. The standard deviation of the difference between the SNQs of the proposed survey method and the Korean engineering method for measuring the rubber ball impact sound was smaller than 2 dB.
{"title":"Survey method for field measurement of rubber ball impact sound in reinforced concrete apartment houses in Korea – Based on the Korean measurement method","authors":"Jeongho Jeong, J. Ryu","doi":"10.1051/aacus/2023023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2023023","url":null,"abstract":"The rubber ball impact sound has been standardized by ISO 10140 series and ISO 16283-2 for laboratory and field measurements, respectively. The ISO 10052 standard specifies a survey method for the impact sound measurement using a tapping machine and a rubber ball. This study proposed measurement position for the survey method which is highly correlated with result based on the Korean Standards (KS) and the building regulation of South Korea for engineering method. The rubber ball impact sounds were measured in 79 reinforced concrete apartment houses, which have a centre point and four perimeter points for both exciting and receiving sounds. The proposed survey method was validated for only a specific type of apartment building layout and construction in the South Korean environment. The excitation and receiving points in the perimeter having the most similar characteristics to the results obtained using the Korean engineering methods were first selected. By combining the selected perimeter point and centre point for both the excitation and receiving sounds, the characteristics of each combination were compared with the results obtained using the Korean engineering method. When one excitation point or receiving point in the perimeter was added to the centre point for the proposed survey method, the difference between the measurement result using the engineering and proposed survey method decreased. The standard deviation of the difference between the SNQs of the proposed survey method and the Korean engineering method for measuring the rubber ball impact sound was smaller than 2 dB.","PeriodicalId":48486,"journal":{"name":"Acta Acustica","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90571857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To supply large audience areas uniformly with amplified direct sound, large-scale sound reinforcement often employs line-source loudspeaker arrays adapted to the listening area by either adjusting the angles or delays between their individual elements. This paper proposes a model for such or smaller line-source loudspeakers based on a delayed Green’s function integrated over an unknown contour. For a broad frequency range, stationary phase approximation yields a differential equation that we utilize to find a curve and delay progression providing direct sound levels rolling off with −6 β dB per doubling of the distance; curve and phase designs can also be mixed to meet simultaneous targets using multiple design parameters β . The effectiveness of the formalism is proven by simulations of coverage, directivity, and discretization artifacts. Measurements on a miniature line array prototype that targets medium-scale immersive sound reinforcement applications verify the proposed theory for curvature, delay, and mixed designs.
{"title":"Theory of continuously curved and phased line sources for sound reinforcement","authors":"Lukas Gölles, Franz Zotter","doi":"10.1051/aacus/2023045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2023045","url":null,"abstract":"To supply large audience areas uniformly with amplified direct sound, large-scale sound reinforcement often employs line-source loudspeaker arrays adapted to the listening area by either adjusting the angles or delays between their individual elements. This paper proposes a model for such or smaller line-source loudspeakers based on a delayed Green’s function integrated over an unknown contour. For a broad frequency range, stationary phase approximation yields a differential equation that we utilize to find a curve and delay progression providing direct sound levels rolling off with −6 β dB per doubling of the distance; curve and phase designs can also be mixed to meet simultaneous targets using multiple design parameters β . The effectiveness of the formalism is proven by simulations of coverage, directivity, and discretization artifacts. Measurements on a miniature line array prototype that targets medium-scale immersive sound reinforcement applications verify the proposed theory for curvature, delay, and mixed designs.","PeriodicalId":48486,"journal":{"name":"Acta Acustica","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134884489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esther Blumendeller, Laura Gaßner, Florian J.Y. Müller, Johannes Pohl, Gundula Hübner, Joachim Ritter, Po Wen Cheng
Amplitude modulation (AM) is a common phenomenon associated with wind turbine (WT) related noise annoyance. Within the interdisciplinary project Inter-Wind, acoustic, ground motion, and meteorological data are captured to be evaluated with noise reports of residents living near a wind farm in Southern Germany. The recorded data builds a solid data base for the evaluation of AM. The occurrence of AM is detected within acoustic and ground motion data and set in relation to all available data, including WT operational parameters, meteorology, and noise reports. In this study, the origins of detected AM are tones at 57.8 Hz and 133 Hz, related to the generator and drive train, which are amplitude modulated by the blade passing frequency. AM detection was successful both with acoustic as well as ground motion data. A comparison of a method for AM detection developed by the Institute of Acoustics (IOA reference method) with a method specifically developed to detect AM in ground motion data showed that the reference method detected AM three to six times more often than the newly developed method. AM occurred most likely during stable atmospheric conditions, with a positive lapse rate, and was (albeit to a small degree) more likely to be detected when residents reported higher levels of annoyance.
{"title":"Quantification of amplitude modulation of wind turbine emissions from acoustic and ground motion recordings","authors":"Esther Blumendeller, Laura Gaßner, Florian J.Y. Müller, Johannes Pohl, Gundula Hübner, Joachim Ritter, Po Wen Cheng","doi":"10.1051/aacus/2023047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2023047","url":null,"abstract":"Amplitude modulation (AM) is a common phenomenon associated with wind turbine (WT) related noise annoyance. Within the interdisciplinary project Inter-Wind, acoustic, ground motion, and meteorological data are captured to be evaluated with noise reports of residents living near a wind farm in Southern Germany. The recorded data builds a solid data base for the evaluation of AM. The occurrence of AM is detected within acoustic and ground motion data and set in relation to all available data, including WT operational parameters, meteorology, and noise reports. In this study, the origins of detected AM are tones at 57.8 Hz and 133 Hz, related to the generator and drive train, which are amplitude modulated by the blade passing frequency. AM detection was successful both with acoustic as well as ground motion data. A comparison of a method for AM detection developed by the Institute of Acoustics (IOA reference method) with a method specifically developed to detect AM in ground motion data showed that the reference method detected AM three to six times more often than the newly developed method. AM occurred most likely during stable atmospheric conditions, with a positive lapse rate, and was (albeit to a small degree) more likely to be detected when residents reported higher levels of annoyance.","PeriodicalId":48486,"journal":{"name":"Acta Acustica","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a new stochastic simulation method for determining the long-wavelength effective dynamic bulk modulus of gases, such as ambient air, saturating porous media with relatively arbitrary microgeometries, i.e., simple enough to warrant Biot’s simplification that the fluid and solid motions are quasi-incompressible motions at the pore scale. The simulation method is based on the mathematical isomorphism between two different physical problems. One of them is the actual Fourier heat exchange problem between gas and solid in the context of Biot theory. The other is a diffusion-disintegration-controlled problem that considers Brownian motion of diffusing particles undergoing radioactive-type decay in the pore volume and instant decay at the pore walls. By appropriately choosing the decay time and the diffusion coefficient, the stochastic algorithm we develop to determine the average lifetime of the diffusing particles, directly gives the effective apparent modulus of the saturating fluid. We show how it leads to purely geometric stochastic constructions to determine a number of geometrical parameters. After validating the algorithm for cylindrical circular pores, its power is illustrated for the case of fibrous materials of the type used in noise control. The results agree well with a model of the effective modulus with three purely geometric parameters of the pore space: static thermal permeability divided by porosity, static thermal tortuosity, and thermal characteristic length.
{"title":"Brownian motion with radioactive decay to calculate the dynamic bulk modulus of gases saturating porous media according to Biot theory","authors":"Denis Lafarge, Navid Nemati, Stéphane Vielpeau","doi":"10.1051/aacus/2023034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2023034","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new stochastic simulation method for determining the long-wavelength effective dynamic bulk modulus of gases, such as ambient air, saturating porous media with relatively arbitrary microgeometries, i.e., simple enough to warrant Biot’s simplification that the fluid and solid motions are quasi-incompressible motions at the pore scale. The simulation method is based on the mathematical isomorphism between two different physical problems. One of them is the actual Fourier heat exchange problem between gas and solid in the context of Biot theory. The other is a diffusion-disintegration-controlled problem that considers Brownian motion of diffusing particles undergoing radioactive-type decay in the pore volume and instant decay at the pore walls. By appropriately choosing the decay time and the diffusion coefficient, the stochastic algorithm we develop to determine the average lifetime of the diffusing particles, directly gives the effective apparent modulus of the saturating fluid. We show how it leads to purely geometric stochastic constructions to determine a number of geometrical parameters. After validating the algorithm for cylindrical circular pores, its power is illustrated for the case of fibrous materials of the type used in noise control. The results agree well with a model of the effective modulus with three purely geometric parameters of the pore space: static thermal permeability divided by porosity, static thermal tortuosity, and thermal characteristic length.","PeriodicalId":48486,"journal":{"name":"Acta Acustica","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135549383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R'emi Matt'eoli, J. Gilbert, S. Terrien, J. Dalmont, C. Vergez, S. Maugeais, E. Brasseur
The ghost note is a natural note which can be played exclusively on bass brass instruments with a predominantly-expanding bore profile such as tubas, euphoniums or saxhorns. It stands between the pedal note – the lowest natural note playable, or first regime – and the instrument’s second regime. However, if the interval between the pedal note and the second regime remains close to an octave regardless of the instrument, the interval between the pedal note and the ghost note vary from a minor third to a perfect fourth. References about this note are very scarce, and it is not commonly known among tuba players. This study shows that an elementary brass model describing the player coupled to the instrument is capable of bringing both the ghost and the pedal note to light. Here, we adopt a dynamical systems point of view and perform a bifurcation analysis using a software of numerical continuation. The numerical results provided in terms of frequency intervals between pedal note and ghost note are compared with frequency intervals experimentally inferred from recordings of seven different types of tuba, each of them being played by two professional tuba players.
{"title":"Diversity of ghost notes in tubas, euphoniums and saxhorns","authors":"R'emi Matt'eoli, J. Gilbert, S. Terrien, J. Dalmont, C. Vergez, S. Maugeais, E. Brasseur","doi":"10.1051/aacus/2022026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2022026","url":null,"abstract":"The ghost note is a natural note which can be played exclusively on bass brass instruments with a predominantly-expanding bore profile such as tubas, euphoniums or saxhorns. It stands between the pedal note – the lowest natural note playable, or first regime – and the instrument’s second regime. However, if the interval between the pedal note and the second regime remains close to an octave regardless of the instrument, the interval between the pedal note and the ghost note vary from a minor third to a perfect fourth. References about this note are very scarce, and it is not commonly known among tuba players. This study shows that an elementary brass model describing the player coupled to the instrument is capable of bringing both the ghost and the pedal note to light. Here, we adopt a dynamical systems point of view and perform a bifurcation analysis using a software of numerical continuation. The numerical results provided in terms of frequency intervals between pedal note and ghost note are compared with frequency intervals experimentally inferred from recordings of seven different types of tuba, each of them being played by two professional tuba players.","PeriodicalId":48486,"journal":{"name":"Acta Acustica","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90339770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A method of noise reduction proposed for the next generation of aircraft is to shield noise from the propulsion system, by positioning the noise source over a wing or another surface. In this paper, an approximate analysis is developed for the acoustic field far from a circular source placed near the edge of a semi-infinite plate, a model problem for shielding of noise by a wing and for scattering by a trailing edge. The approximation is developed for a source of small radius and is found to be accurate when compared to full numerical evaluation of the field.
{"title":"Shielding of rotor noise by plates and wings","authors":"M. Carley","doi":"10.1051/aacus/2022022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2022022","url":null,"abstract":"A method of noise reduction proposed for the next generation of aircraft is to shield noise from the propulsion system, by positioning the noise source over a wing or another surface. In this paper, an approximate analysis is developed for the acoustic field far from a circular source placed near the edge of a semi-infinite plate, a model problem for shielding of noise by a wing and for scattering by a trailing edge. The approximation is developed for a source of small radius and is found to be accurate when compared to full numerical evaluation of the field.","PeriodicalId":48486,"journal":{"name":"Acta Acustica","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72725314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Auditory Modeling Toolbox (AMT) is a MATLAB/Octave toolbox for the development and application of computational auditory models with a particular focus on binaural hearing. The AMT aims for a consistent implementation of auditory models, well-structured in-code documentation, and inclusion of auditory data required to run the models. The motivation is to provide a toolbox able to reproduce the model predictions and allowing students and researchers to work with and to advance existing models. In the AMT, model implementations can be evaluated in two stages: by running so-called demonstrations, which are quick presentations of a model, and by starting so-called experiments aimed at reproducing results from the corresponding publications. Here, we describe the tools and mechanisms available within the framework of all AMT 1.x versions. The recently released AMT 1.1 includes over 60 models and is freely available as an open-source package from https://www.amtoolbox.org.
{"title":"AMT 1.x: A toolbox for reproducible research in auditory modeling","authors":"P. Majdak, Clara Hollomey, Robert Baumgartner","doi":"10.1051/aacus/2022011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2022011","url":null,"abstract":"The Auditory Modeling Toolbox (AMT) is a MATLAB/Octave toolbox for the development and application of computational auditory models with a particular focus on binaural hearing. The AMT aims for a consistent implementation of auditory models, well-structured in-code documentation, and inclusion of auditory data required to run the models. The motivation is to provide a toolbox able to reproduce the model predictions and allowing students and researchers to work with and to advance existing models. In the AMT, model implementations can be evaluated in two stages: by running so-called demonstrations, which are quick presentations of a model, and by starting so-called experiments aimed at reproducing results from the corresponding publications. Here, we describe the tools and mechanisms available within the framework of all AMT 1.x versions. The recently released AMT 1.1 includes over 60 models and is freely available as an open-source package from https://www.amtoolbox.org.","PeriodicalId":48486,"journal":{"name":"Acta Acustica","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76500440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present the extension of a discontinuous Galerkin framework to zonal direct-hybrid aeroacoustic simulations. This extension provides the ability to simultaneously perform a zonal large eddy simulation (LES), solving the compressible Navier–Stokes equations, and an acoustic propagation simulation, solving the acoustic perturbation equations. In doing so, the acoustic sources are exchanged without using the file system, and the bottleneck of I/O operations is avoided. This approach is well suited for large-scale simulations done in high-performance computing. The zonal LES uses the recently introduced recycling rescaling anisotropic linear forcing as a turbulent inflow method. We present a methodology to model the required Reynolds stresses based on the distribution of the turbulent kinetic energy obtained from solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. We show at the example of a turbulent flow over a flat plate and a NACA 64418 trailing edge simulation that the chosen model of the Reynolds stresses is valid. Direct-hybrid simulation results of a NACA 0012 airfoil, including tonal self-noise and a NACA 64418 trailing edge, demonstrate the presented approach’s applicability. This zonal direct-hybrid simulation approach shows great potential for efficient hybrid computational aeroacoustic simulations in high-performance computing.
{"title":"Zonal direct-hybrid aeroacoustic simulation of trailing edge noise using a high-order discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method","authors":"Daniel Kempf, C. Munz","doi":"10.1051/aacus/2022030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2022030","url":null,"abstract":"We present the extension of a discontinuous Galerkin framework to zonal direct-hybrid aeroacoustic simulations. This extension provides the ability to simultaneously perform a zonal large eddy simulation (LES), solving the compressible Navier–Stokes equations, and an acoustic propagation simulation, solving the acoustic perturbation equations. In doing so, the acoustic sources are exchanged without using the file system, and the bottleneck of I/O operations is avoided. This approach is well suited for large-scale simulations done in high-performance computing. The zonal LES uses the recently introduced recycling rescaling anisotropic linear forcing as a turbulent inflow method. We present a methodology to model the required Reynolds stresses based on the distribution of the turbulent kinetic energy obtained from solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. We show at the example of a turbulent flow over a flat plate and a NACA 64418 trailing edge simulation that the chosen model of the Reynolds stresses is valid. Direct-hybrid simulation results of a NACA 0012 airfoil, including tonal self-noise and a NACA 64418 trailing edge, demonstrate the presented approach’s applicability. This zonal direct-hybrid simulation approach shows great potential for efficient hybrid computational aeroacoustic simulations in high-performance computing.","PeriodicalId":48486,"journal":{"name":"Acta Acustica","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78794873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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