Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad5a6b
Wonwoo Jeong and HyeMin Park
Railways can simultaneously transport large quantities of freight and passengers, making them energy-efficient and economical modes of transportation. Changing the materials that constitute a significant portion of rail track systems can help mitigate climate change. Gravel and concrete trackbed methods are commonly employed in railway construction. This study proposes the utilization of the asphalt concrete trackbed method, which is currently being researched and developed in South Korea, in addition to traditional gravel and cement concrete methods, and presents its economic feasibility and environmental benefits. The asphalt concrete trackbed method, which has already been implemented in regions such as China, Australia, and Europe, can also be applied in other areas. This study analyzed the carbon emissions and economic feasibility in the construction, usage, and disposal stages of cement concrete and asphalt concrete trackbeds. Previous research on carbon emissions analysis has faced challenges in applying geographical and climatic, as well as energy sources, to individual cases in the context of construction in Korea. Using the Korean Life Cycle Inventory database, this study indicated that asphalt concrete exhibits approximately 2.65-times lower carbon emissions than cement concrete. In Korea, railway construction involves 1,998 tons of asphalt concrete mixture, 1,820 cubic meters of cement concrete, and 59 tons of rebar per kilometer. Furthermore, the asphalt concrete trackbed method shows potential cost savings of approximately 29,000 EUR when converted to the 2021 EAU value. Thus, asphalt concrete trackbeds not only provide environmental benefits, they are also economically viable. However, further research is required to establish precise standards for on-site construction. This study is expected to provide foundational data for promoting the widespread adoption of asphalt concrete trackbeds in areas that produce asphalt concrete.
{"title":"Economic and environmental assessment of the Korea urban railway and its greenhouse gas mitigation potential","authors":"Wonwoo Jeong and HyeMin Park","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad5a6b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad5a6b","url":null,"abstract":"Railways can simultaneously transport large quantities of freight and passengers, making them energy-efficient and economical modes of transportation. Changing the materials that constitute a significant portion of rail track systems can help mitigate climate change. Gravel and concrete trackbed methods are commonly employed in railway construction. This study proposes the utilization of the asphalt concrete trackbed method, which is currently being researched and developed in South Korea, in addition to traditional gravel and cement concrete methods, and presents its economic feasibility and environmental benefits. The asphalt concrete trackbed method, which has already been implemented in regions such as China, Australia, and Europe, can also be applied in other areas. This study analyzed the carbon emissions and economic feasibility in the construction, usage, and disposal stages of cement concrete and asphalt concrete trackbeds. Previous research on carbon emissions analysis has faced challenges in applying geographical and climatic, as well as energy sources, to individual cases in the context of construction in Korea. Using the Korean Life Cycle Inventory database, this study indicated that asphalt concrete exhibits approximately 2.65-times lower carbon emissions than cement concrete. In Korea, railway construction involves 1,998 tons of asphalt concrete mixture, 1,820 cubic meters of cement concrete, and 59 tons of rebar per kilometer. Furthermore, the asphalt concrete trackbed method shows potential cost savings of approximately 29,000 EUR when converted to the 2021 EAU value. Thus, asphalt concrete trackbeds not only provide environmental benefits, they are also economically viable. However, further research is required to establish precise standards for on-site construction. This study is expected to provide foundational data for promoting the widespread adoption of asphalt concrete trackbeds in areas that produce asphalt concrete.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad744a
Jiahao Li and Ling Du
The launch of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite has promoted research on sea surface salinity (SSS) and salinity fronts (SF). The SF in the central Pacific Ocean is influenced by El Niño and La Niña events, and the physical processes involved are complex. In this study, we evaluated the ability of the SMOS product from the Barcelona Expert Centre (BEC) to retrieve SF using a simple and intuitive method. Furthermore, this study investigated seasonal variations in the SF and its response to El Niño and La Niña events. The accuracy of the SMOS BEC L4 SSS is sufficient for studying SF. By selecting reasonable SF thresholds and analyzing its locations and intensities, in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean, SF can be divided into two: northern and southern SF. The variability in the northern SF is primarily influenced by the migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), whereas both freshwater flux and salt advection are the primary factors in the southern SF. They correspond to El Niño and La Niña events through freshwater flux and salt advection. These findings can provide information for the study of the SF based on satellite data and enhance our understanding of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics.
土壤水分和海洋盐度（SMOS）卫星的发射促进了对海面盐度（SSS）和盐度锋面（SF）的研究。太平洋中部的盐度锋受厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜现象的影响，其中涉及的物理过程非常复杂。在这项研究中，我们用一种简单直观的方法评估了巴塞罗那专家中心（BEC）的 SMOS 产品检索 SF 的能力。此外，本研究还调查了 SF 的季节变化及其对厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件的响应。SMOS BEC L4 SSS 的精度足以研究 SF。通过选择合理的SF阈值并分析其位置和强度，在赤道太平洋中部，SF可分为两种：北部和南部SF。北部 SF 的变化主要受热带辐合带（ITCZ）移动的影响，而淡水通量和盐分平流是南部 SF 的主要因素。它们通过淡水通量和盐分平流与厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件相对应。这些发现可为基于卫星数据的 SF 研究提供信息，并加深我们对厄尔尼诺南方涛动（ENSO）动力学的理解。
{"title":"SMOS captures variations in SSS fronts during El Niño and La Niña","authors":"Jiahao Li and Ling Du","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad744a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad744a","url":null,"abstract":"The launch of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite has promoted research on sea surface salinity (SSS) and salinity fronts (SF). The SF in the central Pacific Ocean is influenced by El Niño and La Niña events, and the physical processes involved are complex. In this study, we evaluated the ability of the SMOS product from the Barcelona Expert Centre (BEC) to retrieve SF using a simple and intuitive method. Furthermore, this study investigated seasonal variations in the SF and its response to El Niño and La Niña events. The accuracy of the SMOS BEC L4 SSS is sufficient for studying SF. By selecting reasonable SF thresholds and analyzing its locations and intensities, in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean, SF can be divided into two: northern and southern SF. The variability in the northern SF is primarily influenced by the migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), whereas both freshwater flux and salt advection are the primary factors in the southern SF. They correspond to El Niño and La Niña events through freshwater flux and salt advection. These findings can provide information for the study of the SF based on satellite data and enhance our understanding of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Temporal stability of soil moisture distribution is crucial to revealing the hydrological process of slope, but rarely accounted for during ecological restoration for engineering slopes. In this study, the effects of ecological restoration with different vegetations on soil moisture distribution were assessed by introducing temporal stability analysis. First, the ecological model slopes with grass and shrub covers were constructed to explore soil moisture distribution at the depth of 0 ∼ 100 cm. Then the spatial variability and correlation of soil moisture in ecological slope were analyzed. The similarity of the spatial distribution patterns among different periods were explored by temporal stability indices. Finally, the representative locations of soil moisture for each ecological slope were obtained and discussed. The results showed that soil moisture distribution was largely influenced by vegetation and rainfall. The similarity of spatial distribution patterns in ecological slopes with different vegetations differed from each other. Due to the difference in hydrological effects. The spatial distribution of soil moisture in slope was less similar in time under Cynodon dactylon cover, while it was better under Multiflora magnolia. Based on relative difference and time stability index, most of best representative locations were distributed at the top of the slope, followed by the middle of the slope. The study provides a theoretical basis for the rational monitoring point design of soil moisture content and a guide for the ecological restoration of engineering slopes.
土壤水分分布的时间稳定性对揭示边坡的水文过程至关重要，但在工程边坡的生态修复过程中却很少考虑到这一点。本研究通过引入时间稳定性分析，评估了不同植被的生态修复对土壤水分分布的影响。首先，构建了草地和灌木覆盖的生态模型边坡，以探讨 0 ∼ 100 cm 深度的土壤水分分布。然后分析了生态坡土壤水分的空间变异性和相关性。通过时间稳定性指数探讨了不同时期空间分布模式的相似性。最后，获得并讨论了各生态坡土壤水分的代表性位置。结果表明，土壤水分分布主要受植被和降雨的影响。不同植被的生态坡地的空间分布模式相似性不同。由于水文效应的不同。在仙人掌覆盖下，坡面土壤水分的空间分布在时间上的相似性较低，而在木兰覆盖下则较好。从相对差异和时间稳定指数来看，最佳代表点大多分布在坡顶，其次是坡中。该研究为合理设计土壤含水量监测点提供了理论依据，也为工程边坡的生态修复提供了指导。
{"title":"Experiment study on temporal stability of soil moisture content in ecological slopes under different vegetation covers","authors":"Xiaoxue Luo, Xinlong Zhou, Henglin Xiao, Qiang Ma, Yutian Yang, Kaimeng Hu","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad6ee4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad6ee4","url":null,"abstract":"Temporal stability of soil moisture distribution is crucial to revealing the hydrological process of slope, but rarely accounted for during ecological restoration for engineering slopes. In this study, the effects of ecological restoration with different vegetations on soil moisture distribution were assessed by introducing temporal stability analysis. First, the ecological model slopes with grass and shrub covers were constructed to explore soil moisture distribution at the depth of 0 ∼ 100 cm. Then the spatial variability and correlation of soil moisture in ecological slope were analyzed. The similarity of the spatial distribution patterns among different periods were explored by temporal stability indices. Finally, the representative locations of soil moisture for each ecological slope were obtained and discussed. The results showed that soil moisture distribution was largely influenced by vegetation and rainfall. The similarity of spatial distribution patterns in ecological slopes with different vegetations differed from each other. Due to the difference in hydrological effects. The spatial distribution of soil moisture in slope was less similar in time under Cynodon dactylon cover, while it was better under Multiflora magnolia. Based on relative difference and time stability index, most of best representative locations were distributed at the top of the slope, followed by the middle of the slope. The study provides a theoretical basis for the rational monitoring point design of soil moisture content and a guide for the ecological restoration of engineering slopes.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad707b
Riccardo Bianchi, Samuele Abbate, Andrew Lockley, Antonella Abbà, Francesco Campo, Selene Varliero, Mario Grosso, Stefano Caserini
Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) is a technique proposed to address ocean acidification and global warming. This study examines rainbowing (i.e. water jets pumped into the air from ships) for the slaked lime slurry distribution. The fluid dynamic behaviour—both the in-air trajectory and subsurface—was studied using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method. Various outflow velocities were simulated for calm seas; different dilution factors and environmental slaked lime concentration spikes have been found. Linking slurry concentration to pH, discharge conditions that avoid damage to marine biota have been identified. A preliminary cost analysis compares rainbowing to ship-wake discharge. Rainbowing requires high power consumption to project large volumes of water far from ships. Very high dilution is needed, mainly because of the artificial requirement not to momentarily exceed 24-hour environmental pH limits; the effect of ocean turbulence on instantaneous pH peaks is negligible and is not considered in the analysis. Emissions due to energy consumption almost equalize carbon dioxide removed during discharge, making the method inefficient (only 176 kg of CO2 removed per ton of slaked lime spread). Previous ship-wake discharge analysis shows greater OAE performance and lower cost (5.5 € versus 388 € per ton of CO2 removed). In conclusion—based on the conservative environmental limits imposed, and the specific modeling undertaken—rainbowing is not demonstrated as an efficient method for OAE.
{"title":"Evaluating rainbowing for ocean alkalinity enhancement","authors":"Riccardo Bianchi, Samuele Abbate, Andrew Lockley, Antonella Abbà, Francesco Campo, Selene Varliero, Mario Grosso, Stefano Caserini","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad707b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad707b","url":null,"abstract":"Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) is a technique proposed to address ocean acidification and global warming. This study examines rainbowing (i.e. water jets pumped into the air from ships) for the slaked lime slurry distribution. The fluid dynamic behaviour—both the in-air trajectory and subsurface—was studied using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method. Various outflow velocities were simulated for calm seas; different dilution factors and environmental slaked lime concentration spikes have been found. Linking slurry concentration to pH, discharge conditions that avoid damage to marine biota have been identified. A preliminary cost analysis compares rainbowing to ship-wake discharge. Rainbowing requires high power consumption to project large volumes of water far from ships. Very high dilution is needed, mainly because of the artificial requirement not to momentarily exceed 24-hour environmental pH limits; the effect of ocean turbulence on instantaneous pH peaks is negligible and is not considered in the analysis. Emissions due to energy consumption almost equalize carbon dioxide removed during discharge, making the method inefficient (only 176 <italic toggle=\"yes\">kg</italic> of CO<sub>2</sub> removed per ton of slaked lime spread). Previous ship-wake discharge analysis shows greater OAE performance and lower cost (5.5 € versus 388 € per ton of CO<sub>2</sub> removed). In conclusion—based on the conservative environmental limits imposed, and the specific modeling undertaken—rainbowing is not demonstrated as an efficient method for OAE.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad718d
Johanna Raudsepp, Michał Czepkiewicz, Jukka Heinonen, Áróra Árnadóttir
This study provides analyses of carbon footprint survey data from about 7500 respondents in the Nordics to present an overview of Nordic personal travel footprints. The study considers the spatial distribution of travel footprints, the influence of climate concern, and how the footprints fit within the 1.5-degree compatible threshold for 2030. Spatial variability from urban to rural areas differed from country to country. Low climate concern was linked to higher local and long-distance travel emissions. Travel footprints in all countries exceed the recommended threshold level, indicating a need for rapid action to reduce travel emissions in upcoming years. Moreover, there are indications that people who currently meet the threshold could belong to lower socio-economic groups, raising concern about meeting the travel needs of everyone. The study further highlights the context-dependence of the transport sector, even among countries with a similar background, which should be considered in mitigation policy.
{"title":"Travel footprints in the nordics","authors":"Johanna Raudsepp, Michał Czepkiewicz, Jukka Heinonen, Áróra Árnadóttir","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad718d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad718d","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides analyses of carbon footprint survey data from about 7500 respondents in the Nordics to present an overview of Nordic personal travel footprints. The study considers the spatial distribution of travel footprints, the influence of climate concern, and how the footprints fit within the 1.5-degree compatible threshold for 2030. Spatial variability from urban to rural areas differed from country to country. Low climate concern was linked to higher local and long-distance travel emissions. Travel footprints in all countries exceed the recommended threshold level, indicating a need for rapid action to reduce travel emissions in upcoming years. Moreover, there are indications that people who currently meet the threshold could belong to lower socio-economic groups, raising concern about meeting the travel needs of everyone. The study further highlights the context-dependence of the transport sector, even among countries with a similar background, which should be considered in mitigation policy.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad6ff9
Robinson Negron-Juarez, Michael Wehner, Maria Assunção F Silva Dias, Paul Ullrich, Jeffrey Q Chambers, William J Riley
Extreme rainfall events drive the amount and spatial distribution of rainfall in the Amazon and are a key driver of forest dynamics across the basin. This study investigates how the 3-hourly predictions in the High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP, a component of the recent Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, CMIP6) represent extreme rainfall events at annual, seasonal, and sub-daily time scales. TRMM 3B42 (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) 3 h data were used as observations. Our results showed that eleven out of seventeen HighResMIP models showed the observed association between rainfall and number of extreme events at the annual and seasonal scales. Two models captured the spatial pattern of number of extreme events at the seasonal and annual scales better (higher correlation) than the other models. None of the models captured the sub-daily timing of extreme rainfall, though some reproduced daily totals. Our results suggest that higher model resolution is a crucial factor for capturing extreme rainfall events in the Amazon, but it might not be the sole factor. Improving the representation of Amazon extreme rainfall events in HighResMIP models can help reduce model rainfall biases and uncertainties and enable more reliable assessments of the water cycle and forest dynamics in the Amazon.
{"title":"Coupled model intercomparison project phase 6 (CMIP6) high resolution model intercomparison project (HighResMIP) bias in extreme rainfall drives underestimation of amazonian precipitation","authors":"Robinson Negron-Juarez, Michael Wehner, Maria Assunção F Silva Dias, Paul Ullrich, Jeffrey Q Chambers, William J Riley","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad6ff9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad6ff9","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme rainfall events drive the amount and spatial distribution of rainfall in the Amazon and are a key driver of forest dynamics across the basin. This study investigates how the 3-hourly predictions in the High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP, a component of the recent Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, CMIP6) represent extreme rainfall events at annual, seasonal, and sub-daily time scales. TRMM 3B42 (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) 3 h data were used as observations. Our results showed that eleven out of seventeen HighResMIP models showed the observed association between rainfall and number of extreme events at the annual and seasonal scales. Two models captured the spatial pattern of number of extreme events at the seasonal and annual scales better (higher correlation) than the other models. None of the models captured the sub-daily timing of extreme rainfall, though some reproduced daily totals. Our results suggest that higher model resolution is a crucial factor for capturing extreme rainfall events in the Amazon, but it might not be the sole factor. Improving the representation of Amazon extreme rainfall events in HighResMIP models can help reduce model rainfall biases and uncertainties and enable more reliable assessments of the water cycle and forest dynamics in the Amazon.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad6d3b
HyeMin Park
In contrast to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) gives developing countries greater bargaining power owing to their abundant natural resources. CBD negotiations tend to be increasingly dominated by agendas related to the CBD’s third objective: benefit sharing. The first and core objective of CBD is biodiversity conservation, but it is often neglected in favor of benefit sharing. To verify this tendency, this study used topic modeling to analyze the recommendations of the subsidiary bodies and decisions made by the Conference of the Parties (COP) over the past 30 years. The study identified the ten most frequently discussed agenda, then determined the relative dominant agenda between the COP and subsidiary bodies. By categorizing the negotiation agendas into strategic decision agendas and operational conservation agendas based on the level of the meeting which the agenda dominated, this study offers a new framework that can be used to understand how strategic and operational factors interact in CBD negotiations. The findings show that biodiversity conservation, the first objective of CBD, is no longer dominant, at least during negotiations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive investigation of all documents generated during CBD negotiations since its inception.
{"title":"Historical and relative dominance of the convention on biological diversity agenda: a case analysis of decisions and recommendations","authors":"HyeMin Park","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad6d3b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad6d3b","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) gives developing countries greater bargaining power owing to their abundant natural resources. CBD negotiations tend to be increasingly dominated by agendas related to the CBD’s third objective: benefit sharing. The first and core objective of CBD is biodiversity conservation, but it is often neglected in favor of benefit sharing. To verify this tendency, this study used topic modeling to analyze the recommendations of the subsidiary bodies and decisions made by the Conference of the Parties (COP) over the past 30 years. The study identified the ten most frequently discussed agenda, then determined the relative dominant agenda between the COP and subsidiary bodies. By categorizing the negotiation agendas into strategic decision agendas and operational conservation agendas based on the level of the meeting which the agenda dominated, this study offers a new framework that can be used to understand how strategic and operational factors interact in CBD negotiations. The findings show that biodiversity conservation, the first objective of CBD, is no longer dominant, at least during negotiations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive investigation of all documents generated during CBD negotiations since its inception.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad707d
Dajun Zhao, Na Wei, Yubin Yu, Xin Zhang, Qian Wang, Jinjie Song
The impact of the Northeast China Cold Vortex (NCCV) on tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change was studied based on statistics, revealing a significant decrease in the rate of TC weakening and a lower probability of rapid weakening (RW) in the environments of NCCVs. This is mainly attributable to the external dynamic forcing induced by the NCCV as the eddy angular momentum import at upper levels increases significantly, which offsets the unfavorable decrease in sea surface temperature and increase in vertical wind shear. The upper-level positive potential vorticity anomaly band from the NCCV involves into the TC circulation from the southwestern quadrant, helping the development of convections triggered in the downshear right side of the TC. These results elucidate a fundamental relationship between TCs and NCCVs, and the findings contribute to a deeper comprehension of TC behavior under the influence of NCCVs, thereby providing guidance for forecasting intensity changes of TCs entering mid-latitude regions.
{"title":"Statistically decreased weakening rate of typhoons in environments of the Northeast China cold vortex","authors":"Dajun Zhao, Na Wei, Yubin Yu, Xin Zhang, Qian Wang, Jinjie Song","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad707d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad707d","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of the Northeast China Cold Vortex (NCCV) on tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change was studied based on statistics, revealing a significant decrease in the rate of TC weakening and a lower probability of rapid weakening (RW) in the environments of NCCVs. This is mainly attributable to the external dynamic forcing induced by the NCCV as the eddy angular momentum import at upper levels increases significantly, which offsets the unfavorable decrease in sea surface temperature and increase in vertical wind shear. The upper-level positive potential vorticity anomaly band from the NCCV involves into the TC circulation from the southwestern quadrant, helping the development of convections triggered in the downshear right side of the TC. These results elucidate a fundamental relationship between TCs and NCCVs, and the findings contribute to a deeper comprehension of TC behavior under the influence of NCCVs, thereby providing guidance for forecasting intensity changes of TCs entering mid-latitude regions.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is imperative to address the critical problem of water scarcity in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in light of the aggravating effects of climate change brought on by the extraction of fossil fuels. In order to ensure the availability of drinkable water in these places, this research proposes integrating concentrated solar power (CSP) with desalination systems (DS). Present research is focused on identifying and evaluating potential locations for DS/CSP implementation within Mauritania by employing a comprehensive, multi-criteria decision-making framework. This framework synthesizes mathematical approaches from multi-criteria analysis with geospatial analysis techniques, considering a range of factors including environmental impact, economic viability, demographic demands, and climatic conditions. Research findings reveal that 10% of the Mauritanian, approximately 103070 km2, presents optimal conditions for the deployment of DS/CSP facilities. The study delineates the coastal regions as prime candidates for seawater desalination plants, while the densely populated southeastern areas are identified as suitable for brackish water desalination systems. Conversely, the less inhabited northern territories hold the potential for decentralized brackish water desalination plants. Hence this study provides a holistic approach for DS/CSP systems installation to manage water scarcity as well as energy security issues in Mauritania. And also provides basis for formulating future policies in the region.
{"title":"Evaluation of suitable sites for concentrated solar power desalination systems: case study of Mauritania","authors":"Khadijetou Ntaghry, Ababacar Thiam, Sidahmed Mohamed Sidi Habib, Kory Faye, Mactar Faye","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad6f73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad6f73","url":null,"abstract":"It is imperative to address the critical problem of water scarcity in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in light of the aggravating effects of climate change brought on by the extraction of fossil fuels. In order to ensure the availability of drinkable water in these places, this research proposes integrating concentrated solar power (CSP) with desalination systems (DS). Present research is focused on identifying and evaluating potential locations for DS/CSP implementation within Mauritania by employing a comprehensive, multi-criteria decision-making framework. This framework synthesizes mathematical approaches from multi-criteria analysis with geospatial analysis techniques, considering a range of factors including environmental impact, economic viability, demographic demands, and climatic conditions. Research findings reveal that 10% of the Mauritanian, approximately 103070 km<sup>2</sup>, presents optimal conditions for the deployment of DS/CSP facilities. The study delineates the coastal regions as prime candidates for seawater desalination plants, while the densely populated southeastern areas are identified as suitable for brackish water desalination systems. Conversely, the less inhabited northern territories hold the potential for decentralized brackish water desalination plants. Hence this study provides a holistic approach for DS/CSP systems installation to manage water scarcity as well as energy security issues in Mauritania. And also provides basis for formulating future policies in the region.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1088/2515-7620/ad6ee6
Austin Holland, Natalie Chin, Hannah Higgins
Climate change is currently impacting various facets of our local systems with many stakeholders and industries working to adapt to these changing conditions. There is a growing recognition that adaptation practices need to be directed within specific industries, communities, and stakeholders. A key area that is being impacted is the snow sports industry which is facing various challenges due to localized climatic changes. Previous work has indicated that climate change may leave these snow-dependent industries in the U.S. Midwest unviable in the future, so it is imperative to understand how these stakeholders are adapting to climate change and how they view the future of their industry. To do this, we conducted in-depth interviews with owners and operators in Wisconsin to understand 1) the climate change impacts they are facing, 2) their adaptation strategies, and 3) their views of the future of Wisconsin downhill skiing. Our results outline various environmental and social changes that participants associate with climate change and document their current adaptation strategies. Operators are optimistic about the future, but there is a recognition that adaptation practices and planning will likely intensify. This letter concludes with an outline for future research and support for adaptation practices that blend qualitative methods with physical and technological research that can aid this industry’s adaptation strategies.
{"title":"Downhill skiing & climate change adaptation in Wisconsin: perspectives from key stakeholders","authors":"Austin Holland, Natalie Chin, Hannah Higgins","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad6ee6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad6ee6","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is currently impacting various facets of our local systems with many stakeholders and industries working to adapt to these changing conditions. There is a growing recognition that adaptation practices need to be directed within specific industries, communities, and stakeholders. A key area that is being impacted is the snow sports industry which is facing various challenges due to localized climatic changes. Previous work has indicated that climate change may leave these snow-dependent industries in the U.S. Midwest unviable in the future, so it is imperative to understand how these stakeholders are adapting to climate change and how they view the future of their industry. To do this, we conducted in-depth interviews with owners and operators in Wisconsin to understand 1) the climate change impacts they are facing, 2) their adaptation strategies, and 3) their views of the future of Wisconsin downhill skiing. Our results outline various environmental and social changes that participants associate with climate change and document their current adaptation strategies. Operators are optimistic about the future, but there is a recognition that adaptation practices and planning will likely intensify. This letter concludes with an outline for future research and support for adaptation practices that blend qualitative methods with physical and technological research that can aid this industry’s adaptation strategies.","PeriodicalId":48496,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Communications","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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