Pub Date : 2025-03-10DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200933
Xu-Ran Zhang , Hua-Yong Zhang , Zhong-Yu Wang , Hao Chen , Xiao-Chang Wu , Zhao Liu
Vegetation is sensitive to climate change, and lake sediments store much information about palaeovegetation. Although environmental information has been recorded for most of the world’s lakes, some vegetation and climate history inconsistencies have persisted since the Holocene due to large regional differences. In this study, sediment samples were collected from Chahanur Lake on the Inner Mongolia Plateau, the dating sequence of the samples was determined by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) 14C dating, and the vegetation history was reconstructed using the biome method and the climate was reconstructed using the weighted averaging partial least squares (WAPLS) method. Vegetation and climate history were systematically analysed. The results showed that the profile age of the lake was 11438–7918 cal. yr BP. During the early Holocene, vegetation evolved from sparse forest steppe (11438–10092 cal. yr BP) to broad-leaved forest steppe (10092–9288 cal. yr BP), and finally to the sparse forest steppe (9288–7918 cal. yr BP). Climate changed from cold and dry during 11438–10092 cal. yr BP, to warm and wet between 10092 and 9288 cal. yr BP, then warm and dry from 9288 to 7918 cal. yr BP. The reconstruction of palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate indicates increased precipitation during the early Holocene on the Inner Mongolia Plateau. This supports previous studies on palaeovegetation and enriches the Holocene pollen database.
植被对气候变化很敏感，湖泊沉积物储存了很多关于古植被的信息。尽管世界上大多数湖泊的环境信息已被记录下来，但由于区域差异很大，一些植被和气候历史的不一致性自全新世以来一直存在。本研究采集了内蒙古高原察哈努尔湖沉积物样品，采用加速器质谱（AMS） 14C测年法确定了样品的年代序列，采用生物群系法重建了植被历史，采用加权平均偏最小二乘（WAPLS）法重建了气候。系统地分析了植被和气候历史。结果表明，该湖剖面年龄为11438 ~ 7918 cal. yr BP。在全新世早期，植被由疏林草原（11438 ~ 10092 cal. yr BP）演变为阔叶林草原（10092 ~ 9288 cal. yr BP），最后演变为疏林草原（9288 ~ 7918 cal. yr BP）。在11438 ~ 10092 cal. yr BP期间，气候由寒冷干燥转变为温暖潮湿，在10092 ~ 9288 cal. yr BP期间又转为温暖干燥。古植被和古气候的重建表明，内蒙古高原早全新世降水增加。这支持了前人对古植被的研究，丰富了全新世花粉数据库。
{"title":"The early Holocene vegetation history and quantitative reconstruction of climate in the Chahanur Lake, Inner Mongolia Plateau, China","authors":"Xu-Ran Zhang , Hua-Yong Zhang , Zhong-Yu Wang , Hao Chen , Xiao-Chang Wu , Zhao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vegetation is sensitive to climate change, and lake sediments store much information about palaeovegetation. Although environmental information has been recorded for most of the world’s lakes, some vegetation and climate history inconsistencies have persisted since the Holocene due to large regional differences. In this study, sediment samples were collected from Chahanur Lake on the Inner Mongolia Plateau, the dating sequence of the samples was determined by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) <sup>14</sup>C dating, and the vegetation history was reconstructed using the biome method and the climate was reconstructed using the weighted averaging partial least squares (WAPLS) method. Vegetation and climate history were systematically analysed. The results showed that the profile age of the lake was 11438–7918 cal. yr BP. During the early Holocene, vegetation evolved from sparse forest steppe (11438–10092 cal. yr BP) to broad-leaved forest steppe (10092–9288 cal. yr BP), and finally to the sparse forest steppe (9288–7918 cal. yr BP). Climate changed from cold and dry during 11438–10092 cal. yr BP, to warm and wet between 10092 and 9288 cal. yr BP, then warm and dry from 9288 to 7918 cal. yr BP. The reconstruction of palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate indicates increased precipitation during the early Holocene on the Inner Mongolia Plateau. This supports previous studies on palaeovegetation and enriches the Holocene pollen database.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 5","pages":"Article 200933"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The coal-bearing deposits associated with the Barakar Formation of the Korba Basin were examined through a multi-disciplinary analysis, including organic petrographic, palynofacies, palynological, and taphonomic techniques. This cohesive approach is decisive for elucidating the genesis and evolution of organic matter, determining age constraints and reconstructing the palaeoecological and depositional environments during peat accumulation. The petrographic studies demonstrate that the vitrinite group of macerals has dominance (average 40.2 vol.%) over the inertinite and liptinite groups in the organic composition. Within the vitrinite group, the telovitrinite subgroup is chiefly comprised of the collotelinite maceral (average 25.7 vol.%), indicating the higher terrestrial influx and the presence of anaerobic environment conditions. While palynofacies analysis reveals dominance of degraded organic matter (average 39.88%). The subsequent degradation of such vegetation, probably caused by bacterial activity (and/or mechanical breakdown), results in substantial amounts of degraded organic matter and vitrodetrinite maceral (average 12.5 vol.%). The studied palynoassemblage is largely dominated by bisaccate pollen represented by Scheuringipollenites, Faunipollenites, Striatopodocarpites, Striasulcites, etc. Based on inter-, intra- and Gondwanan palynological correlation, these palynoassemblages are Artinskian in age. Further, the affinity of palynoassemblage reflects glossopterid-dominated forest along with lower proportions of Coniferales (average 2.3%) and Peltaspermales (average 1.8%) in relatively warm and humid climatic conditions. The appreciable presence of cordaites (average 12.3%), indicated by the monosaccate pollen of Parasaccites and Barakarites, suggests high terrigenous input into the mire. However, the occurrence of the spores of filicopsid and lycopsid indicates a significant contribution from herbaceous vegetation.
Further, the values of various petrographic indices and their cross-plotting suggest that the precursors of the peat-forming vegetation (mainly telmatic) were deposited in wet forest settings under mesotrophic hydrological conditions with intermittent fluctuation to rheotrophic conditions. Likewise, the palynofacies analysis indicates that organic matter deposition occurred under suboxic conditions in distal settings. The diverse palynofacies elements retrieved indicate that organic matter deposition occurred under suboxic conditions in distal settings. The taphonomic studies reveal the predominance of buoyant saccate taxa (Group E) and the rarity of spores in the recovered palynoassemblage, indicating an allochthonous origin for the organic matter and the influence of depositional environment on the palynocomposition.
{"title":"Petrographic, palaeofloral, and taphonomic characteristics of the Permian coal-bearing sequences in Korba Basin, Central India: Implications for their palaeoecology and depositional settings","authors":"Vivek Kumar Mishra , Vinod Atmaram Mendhe , Vikram Partap Singh , Shreya Mishra , Srikanta Murthy , Alka D. Kamble , Sayed W. Abrar","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coal-bearing deposits associated with the Barakar Formation of the Korba Basin were examined through a multi-disciplinary analysis, including organic petrographic, palynofacies, palynological, and taphonomic techniques. This cohesive approach is decisive for elucidating the genesis and evolution of organic matter, determining age constraints and reconstructing the palaeoecological and depositional environments during peat accumulation. The petrographic studies demonstrate that the vitrinite group of macerals has dominance (average 40.2 vol.%) over the inertinite and liptinite groups in the organic composition. Within the vitrinite group, the telovitrinite subgroup is chiefly comprised of the collotelinite maceral (average 25.7 vol.%), indicating the higher terrestrial influx and the presence of anaerobic environment conditions. While palynofacies analysis reveals dominance of degraded organic matter (average 39.88%). The subsequent degradation of such vegetation, probably caused by bacterial activity (and/or mechanical breakdown), results in substantial amounts of degraded organic matter and vitrodetrinite maceral (average 12.5 vol.%). The studied palynoassemblage is largely dominated by bisaccate pollen represented by <em>Scheuringipollenites</em>, <em>Faunipollenites</em>, <em>Striatopodocarpites</em>, <em>Striasulcites</em>, etc. Based on inter-, intra- and Gondwanan palynological correlation, these palynoassemblages are Artinskian in age. Further, the affinity of palynoassemblage reflects glossopterid-dominated forest along with lower proportions of Coniferales (average 2.3%) and Peltaspermales (average 1.8%) in relatively warm and humid climatic conditions. The appreciable presence of cordaites (average 12.3%), indicated by the monosaccate pollen of <em>Parasaccites</em> and <em>Barakarites</em>, suggests high terrigenous input into the mire. However, the occurrence of the spores of filicopsid and lycopsid indicates a significant contribution from herbaceous vegetation.</div><div>Further, the values of various petrographic indices and their cross-plotting suggest that the precursors of the peat-forming vegetation (mainly telmatic) were deposited in wet forest settings under mesotrophic hydrological conditions with intermittent fluctuation to rheotrophic conditions. Likewise, the palynofacies analysis indicates that organic matter deposition occurred under suboxic conditions in distal settings. The diverse palynofacies elements retrieved indicate that organic matter deposition occurred under suboxic conditions in distal settings. The taphonomic studies reveal the predominance of buoyant saccate taxa (Group E) and the rarity of spores in the recovered palynoassemblage, indicating an allochthonous origin for the organic matter and the influence of depositional environment on the palynocomposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 5","pages":"Article 200931"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200932
Vicente D. Crespo , Carolina Castillo
In 2023, we described a new taxon Europotamogale melkartiCrespo, Cruzado-Caballero, and Castillo, 2023, based on a single dental remain (Crespo et al., 2023). Furió et al. (2024) subsequently invalidated this taxon in their response, which contained numerous errors and misinterpretations of the fossil record, the literature, and our original article. Here, we systematically address the principal errors made by Furió et al. in their response.
在2023年，我们描述了一个新的分类单元Europotamogale melkarti Crespo， Cruzado-Caballero, and Castillo, 2023，基于单一牙齿遗骸（Crespo et al, 2023）。Furió等人（2024）随后在他们的回复中否定了这个分类群，其中包含了对化石记录、文献和我们的原始文章的许多错误和误解。在这里，我们系统地解决了Furió等人在他们的回答中所犯的主要错误。
{"title":"… and the devil is in the details: A response to Furió et al. (2024)","authors":"Vicente D. Crespo , Carolina Castillo","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2023, we described a new taxon <em>Europotamogale melkarti</em> <span><span>Crespo, Cruzado-Caballero, and Castillo, 2023</span></span>, based on a single dental remain (<span><span>Crespo et al., 2023</span></span>). <span><span>Furió et al. (2024)</span></span> subsequently invalidated this taxon in their response, which contained numerous errors and misinterpretations of the fossil record, the literature, and our original article. Here, we systematically address the principal errors made by Furió et al. in their response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 200932"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.007
Olesia V. Bondarenko , Torsten Utescher
Major plant biome changes in East Asia during the early Paleogene are studied using the Integrated Plant Record vegetation analysis for the first time based on paleobotanical records. The paleobotanical record employed for the reconstruction comprises 110 paleofloras covering the early Paleocene to early Eocene, a time-span of ca. 17 Myr. Our data indicate the presence of more forested conditions over East Asia during the early Paleogene than at present. The early Paleogene vegetation cover in the study area fundamentally differed from modern and was much more homogeneous compared to the modern one. Mixed mesophytic zonal vegetation dominated on the Pacific side of Eurasia during the early Paleogene. Thermophilous mixed mesophytic forests were distributed even at very high latitudes, but at the same time, ecotone between the mixed mesophytic / broadleaved evergreen forests and broadleaved evergreen forest were confined to regions south of 50°N. The proportions of sclerophyllous plants are low in general, even in the mid-latitudes. The localities with open woodlands are all located south of ca. 45°N. The observed vegetation patterns and their changes throughout the early Paleogene in many cases can be correlated with climate patterns and the overall continental paleoclimate evolution as reconstructed from the paleobotanical record. The higher-than-present spatial homogeneity of early Paleogene vegetation coincides with shallow temperature gradients and a significantly more humid regional rainfall pattern over East Asia during the early Paleogene.
{"title":"Early Paleogene plant biomes of the Pacific side of Eurasia","authors":"Olesia V. Bondarenko , Torsten Utescher","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Major plant biome changes in East Asia during the early Paleogene are studied using the Integrated Plant Record vegetation analysis for the first time based on paleobotanical records. The paleobotanical record employed for the reconstruction comprises 110 paleofloras covering the early Paleocene to early Eocene, a time-span of ca. 17 Myr. Our data indicate the presence of more forested conditions over East Asia during the early Paleogene than at present. The early Paleogene vegetation cover in the study area fundamentally differed from modern and was much more homogeneous compared to the modern one. Mixed mesophytic zonal vegetation dominated on the Pacific side of Eurasia during the early Paleogene. Thermophilous mixed mesophytic forests were distributed even at very high latitudes, but at the same time, ecotone between the mixed mesophytic / broadleaved evergreen forests and broadleaved evergreen forest were confined to regions south of 50°N. The proportions of sclerophyllous plants are low in general, even in the mid-latitudes. The localities with open woodlands are all located south of ca. 45°N. The observed vegetation patterns and their changes throughout the early Paleogene in many cases can be correlated with climate patterns and the overall continental paleoclimate evolution as reconstructed from the paleobotanical record. The higher-than-present spatial homogeneity of early Paleogene vegetation coincides with shallow temperature gradients and a significantly more humid regional rainfall pattern over East Asia during the early Paleogene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100865"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141782012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.002
Zhi-Teng Chen
Plecoptera, commonly known as stoneflies, represent an ancient order of aquatic insects with significant ecological importance in freshwater ecosystems. This study describes a new genus and species of stonefly, Crossoperla teslenkoae n. gen. n. sp., based on a female adult preserved in Middle Cretaceous Kachin amber. Morphological examination reveals the taxonomic placement of C. teslenkoae within the infraorder Systellognatha of the suborder Arctoperlaria. Distinctive wing venation patterns and genitalic structures differentiate C. teslenkoae from extant and extinct stonefly families. A new extinct fossil family, Crossoperlidae n. fam. is established for the new stonefly. The findings contribute to the understanding of stonefly evolution, palaeodiversity, and ecological adaptations.
褶翅目，俗称石蝇，是一种古老的水生昆虫，在淡水生态系统中具有重要的生态意义。本研究描述了石蝇的一个新属和新种 n. gen. n. sp.形态学检查揭示了......在分类学上属于石蝇亚目石蝇科（Arctoperlaria）的下目（Systellognatha）。独特的翅脉模式和生殖器结构将.与现存和已灭绝的石蝇科区分开来。为新石蝇建立了一个新的已灭绝化石科--Crossoperlidae n. fam.。这些发现有助于了解石蝇的进化、古多样性和生态适应性。
{"title":"Taxonomy and evolutionary implications of a new fossil stonefly family (Insecta, Plecoptera) from Middle Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar","authors":"Zhi-Teng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plecoptera, commonly known as stoneflies, represent an ancient order of aquatic insects with significant ecological importance in freshwater ecosystems. This study describes a new genus and species of stonefly, <em>Crossoperla teslenkoae</em> n. gen. n. sp., based on a female adult preserved in Middle Cretaceous Kachin amber. Morphological examination reveals the taxonomic placement of <em>C</em>. <em>teslenkoae</em> within the infraorder Systellognatha of the suborder Arctoperlaria. Distinctive wing venation patterns and genitalic structures differentiate <em>C</em>. <em>teslenkoae</em> from extant and extinct stonefly families. A new extinct fossil family, Crossoperlidae n. fam. is established for the new stonefly. The findings contribute to the understanding of stonefly evolution, palaeodiversity, and ecological adaptations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100854"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Turritelline-dominated assemblages (TDAs) occur in modern siliciclastic seas within shallow depths, under normal to below normal salinity, high nutrient flux, high ocean upwelling current and/or runoff and cool water conditions. Similar assemblages in carbonate sediments are rare in modern oceans. However, TDA in carbonate rocks are common during the Cretaceous. In this study, we report the presence of a TDA in the late Turonian Nodular Limestone Formation of the Bagh Group, Narmada Basin, central India. An unusually small species of Turritella, T. bardhani Halder, n. sp., is described from the TDA. The TDA, in terms of host rock microfacies and taphonomy, indicates shallow water to intertidal, low to moderate energy, eutrophic to mesotrophic conditions, that prevailed in restricted lagoonal to marginal lagoonal, back-reef environments. The turritellines, based on trace elements and Rare Earth Elements concentration, thrived under dysoxic conditions and experienced above-normal marine salinities. The preferences of modern TDAs do not fully represent such past ecological and lithological conditions, indicating an example of a non-uniformitarian shift in habitat.
{"title":"Palaeoenvironmental implications of a turritelline-dominated assemblage from Upper Cretaceous carbonate rocks of Narmada Basin, India","authors":"Prantik Mondal , Arunaditya Das , Biplab Bhattacharya , Kalyan Halder","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Turritelline-dominated assemblages (TDAs) occur in modern siliciclastic seas within shallow depths, under normal to below normal salinity, high nutrient flux, high ocean upwelling current and/or runoff and cool water conditions. Similar assemblages in carbonate sediments are rare in modern oceans. However, TDA in carbonate rocks are common during the Cretaceous. In this study, we report the presence of a TDA in the late Turonian Nodular Limestone Formation of the Bagh Group, Narmada Basin, central India. An unusually small species of <em>Turritella</em>, <em>T</em>. <em>bardhani</em> Halder, n. sp., is described from the TDA. The TDA, in terms of host rock microfacies and taphonomy, indicates shallow water to intertidal, low to moderate energy, eutrophic to mesotrophic conditions, that prevailed in restricted lagoonal to marginal lagoonal, back-reef environments. The turritellines, based on trace elements and Rare Earth Elements concentration, thrived under dysoxic conditions and experienced above-normal marine salinities. The preferences of modern TDAs do not fully represent such past ecological and lithological conditions, indicating an example of a non-uniformitarian shift in habitat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100855"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.005
Ünal Akkemik , Özlem Toprak , Dimitra Mantzouka
The middle Eocene climate optimum, a crucial greenhouse event in Earth’s life history, occurred approximately 40 Ma. Fossil wood identifications of middle Eocene age reveal important evidence for the terrestrial tropical/subtropical conditions during this period. The purpose of the present study is to identify new fossil woods from the middle Eocene of north-central Turkey and to evaluate the paleoclimate and paleovegetational history of the north-central Turkey based on new records. Seven fossil woods were collected from the middle Eocene Göynücek Volcanics of the Çekerek Formation (Sarıkaya village, close to Çekerek, Yozgat). Two new species Apocynoxylon umuttuncii Akkemik and Mantzouka, n. sp., and Ficoxylon anatolicum Akkemik and Mantzouka, n. sp., are described, together with two more coniferous species Pinuxylon cf. P. tarnocziense (Tuzśon, 1901) Greguss, 1954 and Juniperoxylon cf. J. acarcaeaAkkemik, 2021a. Although dealing with a rather low number of fossil wood findings, indistinct boundaries of the tree rings, low xeromorphy ratios and high conductivity values in these two new fossil angiosperm species and less visible and indistinct boundaries in the two fossil coniferous species may reflect the warm, humid tropical conditions of the middle Eocene of north-central Turkey. The results are consistent with our former paleoecological evaluation based on the fossil woods including Actinodaphnoxylon zileensis Akkemik and Mantzouka in Akkemik et al., 2021 from the same geological unit and Palmoxylon sabaloidesGreguss, 1969 from the same area.
{"title":"New fossil woods from the middle Eocene climate optimum of north-central Turkey","authors":"Ünal Akkemik , Özlem Toprak , Dimitra Mantzouka","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The middle Eocene climate optimum, a crucial greenhouse event in Earth’s life history, occurred approximately 40 Ma. Fossil wood identifications of middle Eocene age reveal important evidence for the terrestrial tropical/subtropical conditions during this period. The purpose of the present study is to identify new fossil woods from the middle Eocene of north-central Turkey and to evaluate the paleoclimate and paleovegetational history of the north-central Turkey based on new records. Seven fossil woods were collected from the middle Eocene Göynücek Volcanics of the Çekerek Formation (Sarıkaya village, close to Çekerek, Yozgat). Two new species <em>Apocynoxylon umuttuncii</em> Akkemik and Mantzouka, n. sp., and <em>Ficoxylon anatolicum</em> Akkemik and Mantzouka, n. sp., are described, together with two more coniferous species <em>Pinuxylon</em> cf. <em>P. tarnocziense</em> (<span><span>Tuzśon, 1901</span></span>) <span><span>Greguss, 1954</span></span> and <em>Juniperoxylon</em> cf. <em>J. acarcaea</em> <span><span>Akkemik, 2021a</span></span>. Although dealing with a rather low number of fossil wood findings, indistinct boundaries of the tree rings, low xeromorphy ratios and high conductivity values in these two new fossil angiosperm species and less visible and indistinct boundaries in the two fossil coniferous species may reflect the warm, humid tropical conditions of the middle Eocene of north-central Turkey. The results are consistent with our former paleoecological evaluation based on the fossil woods including <em>Actinodaphnoxylon zileensis</em> Akkemik and Mantzouka in <span><span>Akkemik et al., 2021</span></span> from the same geological unit and <em>Palmoxylon sabaloides</em> <span><span>Greguss, 1969</span></span> from the same area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100862"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.006
Esraa S. Ibrahim , Magdy M. El Hedeny , Ahmed M. El-Sabbagh , Gebely A. Abu El-Kheir , Alaa G. Osman , Aldoushy Mahdy , Enas A. Ahmed
The present study examines the basilosaurid whale bone specimens collected from the Sandouk El-Borneta section, Wadi El-Hitan (Valley of Whales), Fayum, Egypt. These specimens are embedded in highly fossiliferous calcareous sandstones of the middle Eocene Gehannam and the upper Eocene Birket Qarun formations. These whale bones display some post-mortem alterations, representing good signs of at least three distinct stages in what is called the whale fall. The co-occurrence of shark, ray, and crocodile fossil specimens with the examined whale bones may indicate the first mobile-scavenger stage. Borings of the siboglinid polychaete genus Osedax represent the most common worm type that deeply bioeroded the whale bones, contributing to their rapid degradation, and representing the enrichment-opportunist stage. These fossil traces of the bone-eating worm Osedax represent the first record in the Eocene Epoch regionally and inter-regionally, filling the gap between the Late Cretaceous and the Oligocene occurrences. Subsequently, the studied whale bones served as hard substrates for some calcareous tube-dwelling encrusting polychaetes, balanoid barnacles, sheet‐like cheilostome bryozoans, and scleractinian corals. Furthermore, a bioerosion structure produced by polychaete annelids was also observed. The presence of these sclerobionts assemblage confirms the well-developed final reef stage with prolonged exposure and colonisation of these whale bones prior to final burial. Based on the recorded post-mortem alterations, together with other sedimentological and palaeontological data, the studied whale bones were deposited in a shallow open marine bay to sheltered gulf environments, which were characterised by low depositional energy, low to moderate rate of sedimentation, and high surface water productivity.
{"title":"Shallow-water whale-fall communities: Evidence from the middle–late Eocene basilosaurid whale bones, Wadi El-Hitan, Fayum, Egypt","authors":"Esraa S. Ibrahim , Magdy M. El Hedeny , Ahmed M. El-Sabbagh , Gebely A. Abu El-Kheir , Alaa G. Osman , Aldoushy Mahdy , Enas A. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study examines the basilosaurid whale bone specimens collected from the Sandouk El-Borneta section, Wadi El-Hitan (Valley of Whales), Fayum, Egypt. These specimens are embedded in highly fossiliferous calcareous sandstones of the middle Eocene Gehannam and the upper Eocene Birket Qarun formations. These whale bones display some post-mortem alterations, representing good signs of at least three distinct stages in what is called the whale fall. The co-occurrence of shark, ray, and crocodile fossil specimens with the examined whale bones may indicate the first mobile-scavenger stage. Borings of the siboglinid polychaete genus <em>Osedax</em> represent the most common worm type that deeply bioeroded the whale bones, contributing to their rapid degradation, and representing the enrichment-opportunist stage. These fossil traces of the bone-eating worm <em>Osedax</em> represent the first record in the Eocene Epoch regionally and inter-regionally, filling the gap between the Late Cretaceous and the Oligocene occurrences. Subsequently, the studied whale bones served as hard substrates for some calcareous tube-dwelling encrusting polychaetes, balanoid barnacles, sheet‐like cheilostome bryozoans, and scleractinian corals. Furthermore, a bioerosion structure produced by polychaete annelids was also observed. The presence of these sclerobionts assemblage confirms the well-developed final reef stage with prolonged exposure and colonisation of these whale bones prior to final burial. Based on the recorded post-mortem alterations, together with other sedimentological and palaeontological data, the studied whale bones were deposited in a shallow open marine bay to sheltered gulf environments, which were characterised by low depositional energy, low to moderate rate of sedimentation, and high surface water productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100863"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141782016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2024.05.005
Olga Alcântara Barros , Paulo Victor de Oliveira , Antônio Álamo Feitosa Saraiva
The preservation of shrimp in the fossil record is difficult due to their rapid decomposition. In this study, we provide new taxonomic insights into Kellnerius jamacaruensis from the Lower Cretaceous Romualdo Formation in the Araripe Basin, northeastern Brazil. A comprehensive taxonomic review, including a more meticulous preparation of the holotype and additional fossil material, enabled the disclosure of previously unknown anatomical features, reaffirming its classification within the family Palaemonidae.
{"title":"New data and redescription of Kellnerius jamacaruensis Santana et al., 2013, a Palaemonidae shrimp from the Araripe Basin in northeastern Brazil","authors":"Olga Alcântara Barros , Paulo Victor de Oliveira , Antônio Álamo Feitosa Saraiva","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The preservation of shrimp in the fossil record is difficult due to their rapid decomposition. In this study, we provide new taxonomic insights into <em>Kellnerius jamacaruensis</em> from the Lower Cretaceous Romualdo Formation in the Araripe Basin, northeastern Brazil. A comprehensive taxonomic review, including a more meticulous preparation of the holotype and additional fossil material, enabled the disclosure of previously unknown anatomical features, reaffirming its classification within the family Palaemonidae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100859"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2024.05.011
Javier Luque , Jonatan Bustos , Manuel Páez-Reyes , Alejandro Beltrán-Triviño , Angie Rodríguez , Alexandra Delgado , Johan M. Sánchez , Julián Caraballo , Mikel A. López-Horgue
Despite the rich geological and paleontological record of Colombia, the Putumayo region near Ecuador remains one of the least explored regions in the equatorial Neotropics, mainly due to its thick vegetation, deep rock weathering, soil formation and ground cover, geographic remoteness, and inaccessibility of well-exposed outcrops. This has resulted in limited comparisons with neighboring basins and thus the generation of more comprehensive biostratigraphic correlations with western and northern South America, as well as other paleobiogeographic regions (e.g., Tethys, Western Interior Seaway). Here, we present 67 occurrences of uppermost Lower Cretaceous to lowermost Upper Cretaceous ammonoids and other macrofossils (e.g., bivalves, decapod crustaceans, osteichthyan fish remains, plant remains), as well as a δ13Corg chemostratigraphic curve derived from 105 samples from the middle Albian of the uppermost Caballos Formation and the upper Albian to lower Cenomanian lower Villeta Formation, collected in situ from a stratigraphic section exposed along the Mocoa–San Francisco Road, Putumayo, Colombia, here called the San Francisco section. The chemostratigraphic, carbon-isotope curve for the region shows a great similarity with the shape of the accepted curve for the late Albian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d, which is characterized by a worldwide long positive δ13C excursion anomaly. The new biostratigraphic and isotopic data serve as a point of reference to compare the Putumayo Basin with neighboring basins (e.g., Marañon Basin in Perú, Oriente Basin in Ecuador, Upper Magdalena Valley Basin in Colombia), and thus the generation of more comprehensive upper Lower Cretaceous and lower Upper Cretaceous biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic correlations for northwestern South America.
{"title":"The Early to Late Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian) transition in Putumayo, Colombia: A biostratigraphic and carbon isotope stratigraphic correlation for northwestern South America","authors":"Javier Luque , Jonatan Bustos , Manuel Páez-Reyes , Alejandro Beltrán-Triviño , Angie Rodríguez , Alexandra Delgado , Johan M. Sánchez , Julián Caraballo , Mikel A. López-Horgue","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.05.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the rich geological and paleontological record of Colombia, the Putumayo region near Ecuador remains one of the least explored regions in the equatorial Neotropics, mainly due to its thick vegetation, deep rock weathering, soil formation and ground cover, geographic remoteness, and inaccessibility of well-exposed outcrops. This has resulted in limited comparisons with neighboring basins and thus the generation of more comprehensive biostratigraphic correlations with western and northern South America, as well as other paleobiogeographic regions (e.g., Tethys, Western Interior Seaway). Here, we present 67 occurrences of uppermost Lower Cretaceous to lowermost Upper Cretaceous ammonoids and other macrofossils (e.g., bivalves, decapod crustaceans, osteichthyan fish remains, plant remains), as well as a δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub> chemostratigraphic curve derived from 105 samples from the middle Albian of the uppermost Caballos Formation and the upper Albian to lower Cenomanian lower Villeta Formation, collected <em>in situ</em> from a stratigraphic section exposed along the Mocoa–San Francisco Road, Putumayo, Colombia, here called the San Francisco section. The chemostratigraphic, carbon-isotope curve for the region shows a great similarity with the shape of the accepted curve for the late Albian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d, which is characterized by a worldwide long positive δ<sup>13</sup>C excursion anomaly. The new biostratigraphic and isotopic data serve as a point of reference to compare the Putumayo Basin with neighboring basins (e.g., Marañon Basin in Perú, Oriente Basin in Ecuador, Upper Magdalena Valley Basin in Colombia), and thus the generation of more comprehensive upper Lower Cretaceous and lower Upper Cretaceous biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic correlations for northwestern South America.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100869"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141782007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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