Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/S1760-2734(25)00005-0
{"title":"Journal title page and editorial board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1760-2734(25)00005-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1760-2734(25)00005-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"57 ","pages":"Page i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2024.11.001
J. Schoebel, J. Friederich, J. Eberhard, E.K. Feldhuetter, G. Wess
Introduction
The assessment of left ventricular myocardial deformation and function by two-dimensional speckle tracking–derived strain analysis is an established method in human cardiology. It also progressively gains recognition in veterinary cardiology in both dogs and cats.
Objectives
The objectives of this study were to create reference intervals for two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE)–derived endocardial global longitudinal strain (GLS) in a population of healthy adult cats of different breeds. Influences of heart rate, body weight, and age were investigated.
Animals
A total of 132 healthy, adult cats were included in this study.
Materials and Methods
Left apical two-, three-, and four-chamber views were obtained prospectively for GLS measurements using two-dimensional speckle tracking performed with cardiac performance analysis. Potential influence of body weight, heart rate, and age was analyzed, and the interobserver and intra-observer variability of the measurements was determined.
Results
Endocardial GLS values were not significantly influenced by body weight (P=0.102), heart rate (P=0.144), or age (P=0.075). A reference interval for GLS of −21.18% to −37.50% (±4.12) was determined. The interobserver and intra-observer variability showed excellent agreement.
Discussion and Conclusions
Two-dimensional STE is a feasible technique for the evaluation of cardiac myocardial deformation and systolic function in cats. Showing an excellent interobserver and intra-observer agreement, two-dimensional STE is a promising method for clinical analysis of cardiac deformation in cats.
{"title":"Reference intervals of two-dimensional speckle tracking–derived endocardial global longitudinal strain analysis in 132 healthy cats","authors":"J. Schoebel, J. Friederich, J. Eberhard, E.K. Feldhuetter, G. Wess","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The assessment of left ventricular myocardial deformation and function by two-dimensional speckle tracking–derived strain analysis is an established method in human cardiology. It also progressively gains recognition in veterinary cardiology in both dogs and cats.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objectives of this study were to create reference intervals for two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE)–derived endocardial global longitudinal strain (GLS) in a population of healthy adult cats of different breeds. Influences of heart rate, body weight, and age were investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>A total of 132 healthy, adult cats were included in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Left apical two-, three-, and four-chamber views were obtained prospectively for GLS measurements using two-dimensional speckle tracking performed with cardiac performance analysis. Potential influence of body weight, heart rate, and age was analyzed, and the interobserver and intra-observer variability of the measurements was determined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Endocardial GLS values were not significantly influenced by body weight (P=0.102), heart rate (P=0.144), or age (P=0.075). A reference interval for GLS of −21.18% to −37.50% (±4.12) was determined. The interobserver and intra-observer variability showed excellent agreement.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion and Conclusions</h3><div>Two-dimensional STE is a feasible technique for the evaluation of cardiac myocardial deformation and systolic function in cats. Showing an excellent interobserver and intra-observer agreement, two-dimensional STE is a promising method for clinical analysis of cardiac deformation in cats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2024.11.002
T. Gunasekaran, R.A. Sanders
Introduction/Objectives
The primary objective was to compare the 24-h mean heart rate (HR) provided by a smart collar with 24-h ambulatory electrocardiography (Holter) in healthy dogs. The secondary objective was to compare the 2-min HR values between the two methods during periods of activity and rest.
Animals, materials, and methods
Twelve healthy dogs were fitted with both Holter monitors and smart collars. Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman (BA) agreement analysis were used to compare the 24-h mean HR between two methods. The BA analysis for repeated measures and bias plots were used to compare 2-min HR between methods.
Results
The regression analysis showed no significant differential or proportional bias between the methods to estimate 24-h mean HR. The BA analysis showed a mean bias of 2.2 beats per minute (bpm) (95% confidence interval = −0.2, 4.8) with an upper limit of agreement (LOA) of 9.6 bpm (5.1, 14.1) and a lower LOA of −5.1 bpm (−9.5 to −0.6). However, BA analysis of 2-min HR showed poor agreement between methods with wide LOAs at rest and during activity. The smart collar did not provide any HR information for 43% of the total possible recording duration (range = 24%–79%).
Study Limitations and Conclusions
The smart collar can provide a potentially clinically useful estimate of 24-h HR in dogs with normal sinus rhythm. The collar did not provide reliable 2-min HR measurements due to inaccuracies in HR estimation during periods of activity and the inability to report any HR during large periods of the recording.
{"title":"Assessment of heart rate measurements obtained from a smart collar compared to 24-h Holter monitoring in healthy dogs","authors":"T. Gunasekaran, R.A. Sanders","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>The primary objective was to compare the 24-h mean heart rate (HR) provided by a smart collar with 24-h ambulatory electrocardiography (Holter) in healthy dogs. The secondary objective was to compare the 2-min HR values between the two methods during periods of activity and rest.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, materials, and methods</h3><div>Twelve healthy dogs were fitted with both Holter monitors and smart collars. Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman (BA) agreement analysis were used to compare the 24-h mean HR between two methods. The BA analysis for repeated measures and bias plots were used to compare 2-min HR between methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The regression analysis showed no significant differential or proportional bias between the methods to estimate 24-h mean HR. The BA analysis showed a mean bias of 2.2 beats per minute (bpm) (95% confidence interval = −0.2, 4.8) with an upper limit of agreement (LOA) of 9.6 bpm (5.1, 14.1) and a lower LOA of −5.1 bpm (−9.5 to −0.6). However, BA analysis of 2-min HR showed poor agreement between methods with wide LOAs at rest and during activity. The smart collar did not provide any HR information for 43% of the total possible recording duration (range = 24%–79%).</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations and Conclusions</h3><div>The smart collar can provide a potentially clinically useful estimate of 24-h HR in dogs with normal sinus rhythm. The collar did not provide reliable 2-min HR measurements due to inaccuracies in HR estimation during periods of activity and the inability to report any HR during large periods of the recording.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 58-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2024.10.007
S. Kawamoto , K. Nakamura , T. Mori , T. Wada , A. Fujiwara , M. Takiguchi
Objectives
The objective of this study was to determine alterations in left atrial size, function, and determinants of left atrial reverse remodelling (LARR) after mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease.
Animals
Thirty-seven dogs undergoing MVP were included in this study.
Materials and Methods
Echocardiographic parameters, including left atrial (LA) strain, were evaluated at baseline, during the early postoperative period (within two weeks), and at one and three months postoperatively. Patients were divided into two groups based on the attainment of LARR, defined as a left atrial-to-aortic root ratio (LA:Ao) < 1.6 at three months. The predictors of LARR were analysed using univariate logistic regression analysis.
Results
Left atrial-to-aortic root ratio significantly decreased in the early postoperative period (median: 1.68; lower and upper quartiles: 1.54–1.92) compared to that in baseline (2.41; 2.00–2.80), with a further significant reduction observed at three months (1.46; 1.34–1.63). Left atrial reverse remodelling was achieved in 27 (73%) patients. Baseline left atrial-to-aortic root ratio was higher, and peak atrial longitudinal strain and peak atrial contraction strain (PACS) were lower in the non-LARR group than in the LARR group. Among the baseline parameters, PACS was the strongest predictor of LARR (area under the curve: 0.837).
Conclusions
Following MVP, the LA size decreased in the early postoperative period and continued to decrease over three months of follow-up. A low PACS score was the most reliable predictor of inadequate LARR. Further studies are necessary to determine the relationship between LARR, prognosis, and the optimal timing for surgical intervention.
{"title":"Pre-operative left atrial size and functions are predictors of left atrial reverse remodelling after mitral valvuloplasty for myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs","authors":"S. Kawamoto , K. Nakamura , T. Mori , T. Wada , A. Fujiwara , M. Takiguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to determine alterations in left atrial size, function, and determinants of left atrial reverse remodelling (LARR) after mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease.</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>Thirty-seven dogs undergoing MVP were included in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Echocardiographic parameters, including left atrial (LA) strain, were evaluated at baseline, during the early postoperative period (within two weeks), and at one and three months postoperatively. Patients were divided into two groups based on the attainment of LARR, defined as a left atrial-to-aortic root ratio (LA:Ao) < 1.6 at three months. The predictors of LARR were analysed using univariate logistic regression analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Left atrial-to-aortic root ratio significantly decreased in the early postoperative period (median: 1.68; lower and upper quartiles: 1.54–1.92) compared to that in baseline (2.41; 2.00–2.80), with a further significant reduction observed at three months (1.46; 1.34–1.63). Left atrial reverse remodelling was achieved in 27 (73%) patients. Baseline left atrial-to-aortic root ratio was higher, and peak atrial longitudinal strain and peak atrial contraction strain (PACS) were lower in the non-LARR group than in the LARR group. Among the baseline parameters, PACS was the strongest predictor of LARR (area under the curve: 0.837).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Following MVP, the LA size decreased in the early postoperative period and continued to decrease over three months of follow-up. A low PACS score was the most reliable predictor of inadequate LARR. Further studies are necessary to determine the relationship between LARR, prognosis, and the optimal timing for surgical intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 47-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.007
A.N. Harris , C. Hanner, A. Cooper, R.A. Castro, D.B. Adin
Introduction/objectives
Non-osmotic antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release promotes electrolyte-free water retention in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF), contributing to low electrolyte concentrations. We hypothesized that dogs with CHF would have higher ADH concentrations than healthy dogs and dogs with preclinical heart disease, and that ADH concentrations would positively correlate to the amount of chloride [Cl−] correction but not serum osmolality.
Animals, Materials and Methods
The study population comprised 20 healthy, 20 preclinical, and 20 CHF dogs. Serum electrolytes, serum osmolality, and plasma ADH were measured and compared between groups using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Relationships between ADH and electrolytes, the amount of [Cl−] correction, osmolality, and the use of amlodipine and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors were explored with multiple linear regression.
Results
Preclinical (median 6.5 pg/mL; range 1.8 pg/mL–33.8 pg/mL) and CHF (6.7 pg/mL; range 2.0 pg/mL–28.1 pg/mL) dogs had higher ADH concentrations than healthy dogs (median 3.4 pg/mL; range 0.1 pg/mL–6.2 pg/mL) (P=0.004) but there was no difference between preclinical and CHF dogs. Serum ADH was inversely correlated with [Cl−] (P=0.026, rs = −0.287) and c[Cl−] (P=0.008, rs = −0.338). Amlodipine use and [Cl−] predicted ADH after controlling for age, weight, use of renin-angiotensin aldosterone inhibitors, and osmolality. There was no significant relationship between ADH and the amount of [Cl−] correction, osmolality, or serum sodium.
Discussion
The inverse relationship between ADH and serum [Cl−] and the positive relationship with amlodipine use suggests neurohormonal stimulation as a common mechanism.
Uncoupling of ADH from osmolality and serum sodium is consistent with non-osmotic release, which was present even in dogs with preclinical heart disease.
Conclusions
Antidiuretic hormone was elevated in dogs with heart disease but was not a unique feature of advanced heart disease.
{"title":"Antidiuretic hormone concentrations in dogs with heart disease and relationship to serum chloride","authors":"A.N. Harris , C. Hanner, A. Cooper, R.A. Castro, D.B. Adin","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/objectives</h3><div>Non-osmotic antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release promotes electrolyte-free water retention in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF), contributing to low electrolyte concentrations. We hypothesized that dogs with CHF would have higher ADH concentrations than healthy dogs and dogs with preclinical heart disease, and that ADH concentrations would positively correlate to the amount of chloride [Cl<sup>−</sup>] correction but not serum osmolality.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>The study population comprised 20 healthy, 20 preclinical, and 20 CHF dogs. Serum electrolytes, serum osmolality, and plasma ADH were measured and compared between groups using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Relationships between ADH and electrolytes, the amount of [Cl<sup>−</sup>] correction, osmolality, and the use of amlodipine and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors were explored with multiple linear regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Preclinical (median 6.5 pg/mL; range 1.8 pg/mL–33.8 pg/mL) and CHF (6.7 pg/mL; range 2.0 pg/mL–28.1 pg/mL) dogs had higher ADH concentrations than healthy dogs (median 3.4 pg/mL; range 0.1 pg/mL–6.2 pg/mL) (P=0.004) but there was no difference between preclinical and CHF dogs. Serum ADH was inversely correlated with [Cl<sup>−</sup>] (P=0.026, r<sub>s</sub> = −0.287) and c[Cl<sup>−</sup>] (P=0.008, r<sub>s</sub> = −0.338). Amlodipine use and [Cl<sup>−</sup>] predicted ADH after controlling for age, weight, use of renin-angiotensin aldosterone inhibitors, and osmolality. There was no significant relationship between ADH and the amount of [Cl<sup>−</sup>] correction, osmolality, or serum sodium.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The inverse relationship between ADH and serum [Cl<sup>−</sup>] and the positive relationship with amlodipine use suggests neurohormonal stimulation as a common mechanism.</div><div>Uncoupling of ADH from osmolality and serum sodium is consistent with non-osmotic release, which was present even in dogs with preclinical heart disease.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Antidiuretic hormone was elevated in dogs with heart disease but was not a unique feature of advanced heart disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.005
O. Peterson, M. Pabon Torres, R. White, E. Manson, M. Tropf, J.L. Ward
Double-inlet left ventricle (DILV) is a rare congenital cardiac abnormality that is a subtype of univentricular congenital disease. This defect has been reported in people and large animals but has not been previously described in a small animal. Here, we report a one-year-old cat diagnosed with DILV accompanied by a hypoplastic right ventricle and ventricular septal defect. Complete echocardiography, fluoroscopy with non-selective angiography, and computed tomography with angiography were used to document and characterize this rare case presentation. Findings in this patient showed similarities to previously documented cases of DILV in a calf and foal and were most consistent with type I Holmes classification of DILV in people.
{"title":"Multimodal imaging of congenital double-inlet left ventricle with hypoplastic right ventricle and ventricular septal defect in a young cat","authors":"O. Peterson, M. Pabon Torres, R. White, E. Manson, M. Tropf, J.L. Ward","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Double-inlet left ventricle (DILV) is a rare congenital cardiac abnormality that is a subtype of univentricular congenital disease. This defect has been reported in people and large animals but has not been previously described in a small animal. Here, we report a one-year-old cat diagnosed with DILV accompanied by a hypoplastic right ventricle and ventricular septal defect. Complete echocardiography, fluoroscopy with non-selective angiography, and computed tomography with angiography were used to document and characterize this rare case presentation. Findings in this patient showed similarities to previously documented cases of DILV in a calf and foal and were most consistent with type I Holmes classification of DILV in people.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 8-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.006
L. Korenchy , G. Leeming , R. James
A two-year-old female neutered wirehaired Dachshund presented with a four-week history of progressive intermittent pelvic limb weakness, pain and collapse episodes. Serum biochemistry revealed moderate hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Electrolytes and haematology were unremarkable. Thyroid and adrenal testing were unremarkable. Initial treatment for suspected spinal disease did not alleviate symptoms. The possibility of cardiac collapse was considered, a 24-h Holter monitor was placed, and additional blood was obtained to assess serum troponin I levels. Further cardiac investigations were declined.
While wearing the Holter monitor, the dog collapsed and experienced cardiac arrest, resulting in unsuccessful resuscitation attempts and death. The analysed Holter recording showed bradycardia-induced cardiac arrest, atrioventricular-block, and ST segment depression, suggestive of myocardial infarction or coronary spasm. A postmortem examination showed severe generalised atherosclerosis of the coronary, renal segmental, intervertebral, aorta, carotid, meningeal, and internal thoracic arteries. Severe multifocal myocardial fibrosis and necrosis was noted around the coronary arteries and papillary muscle. As the patient was very young and no other underlying cause was identified, primary hyperlipidaemia (hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia) was deemed the most likely cause of the severe arteriosclerotic changes leading to sudden cardiac death.
{"title":"Sudden cardiac death associated with severe atherosclerosis in a young dog","authors":"L. Korenchy , G. Leeming , R. James","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A two-year-old female neutered wirehaired Dachshund presented with a four-week history of progressive intermittent pelvic limb weakness, pain and collapse episodes. Serum biochemistry revealed moderate hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Electrolytes and haematology were unremarkable. Thyroid and adrenal testing were unremarkable. Initial treatment for suspected spinal disease did not alleviate symptoms. The possibility of cardiac collapse was considered, a 24-h Holter monitor was placed, and additional blood was obtained to assess serum troponin I levels. Further cardiac investigations were declined.</div><div>While wearing the Holter monitor, the dog collapsed and experienced cardiac arrest, resulting in unsuccessful resuscitation attempts and death. The analysed Holter recording showed bradycardia-induced cardiac arrest, atrioventricular-block, and ST segment depression, suggestive of myocardial infarction or coronary spasm. A postmortem examination showed severe generalised atherosclerosis of the coronary, renal segmental, intervertebral, aorta, carotid, meningeal, and internal thoracic arteries. Severe multifocal myocardial fibrosis and necrosis was noted around the coronary arteries and papillary muscle. As the patient was very young and no other underlying cause was identified, primary hyperlipidaemia (hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia) was deemed the most likely cause of the severe arteriosclerotic changes leading to sudden cardiac death.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.004
A. Dufourni, M. Demeyere, L. Vera, G. van Loon, A. Decloedt
Objectives
This study aimed to compare two-dimensional, M-mode, color, pulsed wave Doppler (PWD) and continuous wave Doppler (CWD) echocardiography, and PWD ultrasonography of the caudal common carotid artery (CCA) in horses with aortic regurgitation (AR).
Animals
Warmblood horses without (n = 20) and with mild, moderate, and severe AR (n = 60) were included in the study.
Materials and methods
A retrospective descriptive study focused on cardiac dimensions, aortic and CCA Doppler flow. Non-invasive blood pressure and presence of ventricular arrhythmia were recorded. Groups were compared using analysis of variance, chi-square, Spearman's rho, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Results
Maximal aortic antegrade flow velocity was higher in horses with moderate and severe AR than in normal horses and higher in those with severe AR than in those with mild AR (P < 0.001). Mean (standard deviation) antegrade CCA flow velocities (m/s) were 0.9 (0.3) in normal horses and 1.0 (0.2), 1.2 (0.3), and 1.5 (0.4) in horses with mild, moderate, and severe AR, respectively. Retrograde mid-to-end diastolic pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography of the common carotid artery (PWD-CCA) flow occurred in horses with moderate (6/20) and severe (13/20) AR. The presence of pathologic retrograde PWD-CCA flow was associated with presence of increased left ventricular dimensions and pulse pressures >60 mmHg. The CWD regurgitant jet pressure half-time failed to differentiate between AR severity grades.
Study Limitations
The limitations of this study included retrospective design with missing values, AR classification system not validated by longitudinal follow-up, and CCA retrograde velocities <10 cm/s not measured.
Conclusions
Pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography of the common carotid artery identifies moderate and severe AR in horses with hemodynamic overload. Presence of retrograde PWD-CCA flow was associated with moderate and severe AR and with left ventricular dilation. Quantification of CWD pressure half-time appeared unreliable for AR severity assessment.
{"title":"Spectral Doppler of aortic and carotid blood flow in horses with aortic valve regurgitation","authors":"A. Dufourni, M. Demeyere, L. Vera, G. van Loon, A. Decloedt","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to compare two-dimensional, M-mode, color, pulsed wave Doppler (PWD) and continuous wave Doppler (CWD) echocardiography, and PWD ultrasonography of the caudal common carotid artery (CCA) in horses with aortic regurgitation (AR).</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>Warmblood horses without (n = 20) and with mild, moderate, and severe AR (n = 60) were included in the study.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A retrospective descriptive study focused on cardiac dimensions, aortic and CCA Doppler flow. Non-invasive blood pressure and presence of ventricular arrhythmia were recorded. Groups were compared using analysis of variance, chi-square, Spearman's rho, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Maximal aortic antegrade flow velocity was higher in horses with moderate and severe AR than in normal horses and higher in those with severe AR than in those with mild AR (P < 0.001). Mean (standard deviation) antegrade CCA flow velocities (m/s) were 0.9 (0.3) in normal horses and 1.0 (0.2), 1.2 (0.3), and 1.5 (0.4) in horses with mild, moderate, and severe AR, respectively. Retrograde mid-to-end diastolic pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography of the common carotid artery (PWD-CCA) flow occurred in horses with moderate (6/20) and severe (13/20) AR. The presence of pathologic retrograde PWD-CCA flow was associated with presence of increased left ventricular dimensions and pulse pressures >60 mmHg. The CWD regurgitant jet pressure half-time failed to differentiate between AR severity grades.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>The limitations of this study included retrospective design with missing values, AR classification system not validated by longitudinal follow-up, and CCA retrograde velocities <10 cm/s not measured.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography of the common carotid artery identifies moderate and severe AR in horses with hemodynamic overload. Presence of retrograde PWD-CCA flow was associated with moderate and severe AR and with left ventricular dilation. Quantification of CWD pressure half-time appeared unreliable for AR severity assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Pages 55-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.003
G. Romito , L. Marconato , M.E. Turba , M. Morini
An 11-year-old cocker spaniel was referred with a one-day history of lethargy. Upon presentation, cardiac auscultation revealed a tachyarrhythmia. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography with concurrent electrocardiographic tracing showed biventricular systolic dysfunction, mild left atrial dilation, functional mitral and tricuspid regurgitations, and sustained wide-complex monomorphic tachycardia (heart rate: 330 beats per minute), primarily consistent with ventricular tachycardia. Laboratory test results were unremarkable, except for an elevated serum concentration of cardiac troponin I (2.84 ng/mL). Initially, despite the intravenous administration of lidocaine and esmolol, cardioversion was not achieved. Oral amiodarone was subsequently added to the antiarrhythmic protocol, resulting in the restoration of sinus rhythm, followed by an improvement in the dog's clinical condition and biventricular systolic function on repeated echocardiographic examination. Accordingly, the dog was discharged from the hospital on amiodarone therapy. However, four days later, the dog returned with a relapse of symptomatic ventricular tachycardia. Despite prompt management, the dog succumbed to the progression of ventricular tachycardia into ventricular fibrillation. Interestingly, although repeated echocardiographic examinations did not reveal abnormalities suggesting a cardiac tumor, macroscopic and histological findings led to the diagnosis of primary cardiac lymphoma of T-cell origin. This case contributes to the currently limited scientific literature on primary cardiac lymphoma in dogs. Moreover, it contributes to raising awareness among veterinary cardiologists about the potential limitations of two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in detecting cardiac lymphoma in dogs, as well as the possible arrhythmogenic role of this rare condition in the species.
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Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.002
B. Del Nero, B.M. Potter, L.C. Visser, B.A. Scansen, E.C. Orton
Introduction/objectives
Quantitative assessment of mitral regurgitation (MR) severity has become increasingly important as procedural therapies for MR reduction become available. This study aimed to obtain quantitative measures of MR severity across stages of degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) and evaluate agreement between two echocardiographic methods.
Animals, materials and methods
Fifty-one client-owned dogs were included across three DMVD stages (ACVIM B1, B2, and C). Regurgitant volume (RVol) and fraction (RF) were measured on echocardiograms prospectively acquired by a single cardiologist using volumetric (using Simpson's method of discs) and proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) methods. Results were compared across stages. Agreement between methods over the range of MR severity was determined by Bland–Altman analyses. Intra- and inter-observer measurement variability assessments were performed via intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).
Results
Median differences (25th percentile, 75th percentile) for volumetric and PISA-derived RVol and RF were as follows, respectively: B1:0.19 mL/kg (−0.02 mL/kg, 0.25 mL/kg), 13.6% (−2.17%, 20.6%); B2:1.49 mL/kg (1.09 mL/kg, 2.12 mL/kg), 55.6% (45.0%, 70.5%); C:2.72 mL/kg (1.76 mL/kg, 3.13 mL/kg), 67.2% (61.8%, 78.5%); B1:0.39 mL/kg (0.22 mL/kg, 0.69 mL/kg), 34.3% (19.0%, 56.1%); B2:1.67 mL/kg (1.33 mL/kg, 2.15 mL/kg), 58.8% (49.8%, 73.9%); C:3.1 mL/kg (1.91 mL/kg, 3.57 mL/kg), 75.2% (66.4%, 92.0%). All were different (P<0.0001) across stages. There was no proportional bias for RVol or RF (P=0.79, P=54). Intra- and inter-observer variability assessments showed ICC greater than 0.75 except PISA RF.
Conclusions
Measures of MR severity correlate with disease stage, although their accuracy remains unknown. Volumetric and PISA methods are not interchangeable.
随着二尖瓣返流（MR）降低的程序性治疗的出现，对其严重程度的定量评估变得越来越重要。本研究旨在获得退行性二尖瓣疾病（DMVD）各阶段MR严重程度的定量测量，并评估两种超声心动图方法之间的一致性。动物、材料和方法51只客户拥有的狗分为三个DMVD阶段（ACVIM B1、B2和C）。在超声心动图上测量反流体积（RVol）和分数（RF），这些超声心动图是由一名心脏病专家使用容积法（使用辛普森圆盘法）和近端等速度表面积（PISA）方法前瞻性地获得的。各阶段的结果比较。通过Bland-Altman分析确定了不同方法在MR严重程度范围内的一致性。通过类内相关系数（ICC）对观察者内部和观察者之间的测量变异性进行评估。结果容积法和pisa法RVol和RF的中位数差异（25百分位数，75百分位数）分别为：B1:0.19 mL/kg (- 0.02 mL/kg, 0.25 mL/kg), 13.6% (- 2.17%, 20.6%)；B2:1.49 mL / kg(1.09毫升/公斤,2.12毫升/公斤),55.6% (45.0%,70.5%);C: 2.72毫升/公斤(1.76毫升/公斤,3.13毫升/公斤),67.2% (61.8%,78.5%);B1:0.39 mL / kg(0.22毫升/公斤,0.69毫升/公斤),34.3% (19.0%,56.1%);B2:1.67 mL / kg(1.33毫升/公斤,2.15毫升/公斤),58.8% (49.8%,73.9%);C: 3.1毫升/公斤(1.91毫升/公斤,3.57毫升/公斤),75.2%(66.4%,92.0%)。各个阶段的结果都不同（P<0.0001）。RVol和RF均无比例偏倚（P=0.79， P=54）。观察者内部和观察者之间的变异性评估显示，除PISA RF外，ICC大于0.75。结论MR严重程度的测量与疾病分期相关，尽管其准确性尚不清楚。容积法和PISA方法是不可互换的。
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