Journal of Veterinary Cardiology最新文献_第9页

Balloon aortic valvuloplasty for congenital aortic valvar stenosis in 10 dogs 球囊主动脉瓣成形术治疗先天性主动脉瓣狭窄10例

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.004

R.L. Winter , B.A. Scansen , K.L. Maneval , C.S. Ferrel , B.M. Potter , M.K. Ames , P.-T. Liao , S.W. Jung

Introduction/Objectives

Aortic valvar stenosis (AS) is an uncommon congenital defect in the dog, but when present, it can cause severe clinical signs including collapse and congestive heart failure. In human patients, AS is a common congenital defect that has been managed with balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). The objectives of this study were to describe the procedural details and retrospectively evaluate the outcomes of dogs with severe AS that underwent BAV.

Animals

Ten client-owned dogs diagnosed with severe AS.

Materials and Methods

Medical records and stored images from echocardiographic and angiographic examinations were reviewed from dogs that were diagnosed with severe AS and underwent BAV. The severity of velocity-derived maximal systolic pressure gradient across the aortic valve and aortic insufficiency was assessed from transthoracic echocardiographic images before and after BAV. Procedural details from the BAV procedures including intra-operative complications, type and size of the balloon catheter used, and use of rapid right ventricular pacing were recorded.

Results

The median (range) age and weight at the time of BAV were 12 months (6–120 months) and 18.2 kg (4.8–33.0 kg), respectively. Most dogs had high-pressure balloon dilation catheters used (n = 6/10) during BAV, and the balloon diameter-to-aortic annular ratio was 1.03 ± 0.05 for all dogs. The maximal systolic pressure gradient across the aortic valve decreased from 183.2 mmHg ± 74.6 before BAV to 97.4 mmHg ± 48.2 immediately after BAV (P<0.001). The severity of aortic insufficiency did not significantly worsen after BAV (P=0.25). The long-term impact of BAV on survival is unknown, and this could be considered a limitation of this study.

Study Limitations

This study describes the short-term effects of BAV for dogs with AS, and a lack of long-term follow-up may be considered a limitation.

Conclusions

Balloon aortic valvuloplasty for severe AS is tolerated in most dogs, and dogs with severe AS may benefit from transcatheter BAV.

主动脉瓣狭窄（aortic valvar stenosis， AS）是犬的一种罕见的先天性缺陷，但当它出现时，可引起严重的临床症状，包括虚脱和充血性心力衰竭。在人类患者中，AS是一种常见的先天性缺陷，已通过球囊主动脉瓣成形术（BAV）进行治疗。本研究的目的是描述程序细节，并回顾性评估严重AS犬接受BAV的结果。动物：客户的狗被诊断患有严重的阿斯伯格综合症。材料与方法对诊断为严重AS并行BAV的犬进行病历和存储的超声心动图和血管造影检查。通过BAV前后经胸超声心动图评估经主动脉瓣速度源性最大收缩压梯度和主动脉功能不全的严重程度。记录BAV手术的细节，包括术中并发症、球囊导管的类型和大小以及右心室快速起搏的使用。结果BAV发生时的中位（范围）年龄为12个月（6 ~ 120个月），体重为18.2 kg （4.8 ~ 33.0 kg）。BAV时大多数犬使用高压球囊扩张导管（n = 6/10），球囊直径与主动脉环的比值为1.03±0.05。主动脉瓣最大收缩压梯度从BAV前的183.2 mmHg±74.6降至BAV后立即的97.4 mmHg±48.2 （P<0.001）。BAV后主动脉功能不全的严重程度没有明显恶化（P=0.25）。BAV对生存的长期影响尚不清楚，这可能被认为是本研究的局限性。本研究描述了BAV对AS犬的短期影响，缺乏长期随访可能被认为是一个局限性。结论大多数犬对严重AS的球囊主动脉瓣成形术是耐受的，严重AS的犬可能从经导管BAV中获益。

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引用次数: 0

Occurrence and distribution of left ventricular bands and normal anatomical features in 78 feline hearts 78只猫左心室带的发生分布及正常解剖特征

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.002

N. Kiessling , S. Rørvig , J. Häggström

Introduction/Objectives

Left ventricular bands (LVBs) are common in feline hearts. Their importance and general features are incompletely described. This study aimed to characterize LVBs in feline hearts based on anatomical location, quantity, histological features, and attachment sites.

Animals, Materials and Methods

Hearts from 78 domestic cats with or without heart disease were included in this study. Cardiac weight and dimensions were measured, and LVBs were categorized as singular bands or nets, with further characterization by location, length, appearance, and histological examination of attachment sites.

Results

Median cardiac weight was 4.34 g/kg (interquartile range: 2.1 g/kg). Left ventricular bands were present in all hearts, with 11% having only singular bands, 32% containing only nets, and 42% having nets covering the entire left ventricle (LV). The most common LVB attachment sites were the LV mid-region involving the posterior papillary muscle. Nets were most common in the mid-region including the papillary muscles (93%), followed by basilar (60%) and apical (59%) regions. All LVBs contained collagen, myocytes, adipose tissue, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. No excess fibrosis, myocardial hypertrophy, or endocardial thickening at the attachment sites was identified.

Study Limitations

The study included mainly domestic stray cats aged 12 weeks to 15 years, with few purebred or diseased individuals. The hearts were examined by one person, which may introduce subjectivity.

Conclusions

Left ventricular bands are commonly found in the mid LV section of feline hearts, primarily involving the posterior papillary muscle, suggesting normal variation. Left ventricular bands contain myocytes, not Purkinje fibers, and are not fibrous tendons. Myocyte hypertrophy or excess fibrosis is absent at attachment sites.

导言/目的左心室带（LVB）在猫科动物心脏中很常见。对其重要性和一般特征的描述尚不完整。本研究旨在根据解剖位置、数量、组织学特征和附着部位来描述猫科动物心脏中 LVB 的特征。测量了心脏重量和尺寸，并将左心室带分为单个带状和网状，根据位置、长度、外观和附着部位的组织学检查进一步确定其特征。结果中位心脏重量为 4.34 克/千克（四分位间范围：2.1 克/千克）。所有心脏都存在左心室带，其中11%的心脏只有单个带，32%的心脏只有网状带，42%的心脏网状带覆盖整个左心室（LV）。最常见的左心室带附着部位是左心室中区，涉及后乳头肌。网最常见于包括乳头肌在内的中区（93%），其次是基底区（60%）和心尖区（59%）。所有 LVB 均含有胶原蛋白、肌细胞、脂肪组织、内皮细胞和成纤维细胞。研究局限性该研究主要包括年龄在 12 周到 15 岁之间的家养流浪猫，纯种猫或患病猫很少。结论左心室带常见于猫科动物心脏左心室中段，主要涉及后乳头肌，表明存在正常变化。左心室带包含肌细胞，而不是浦肯野纤维，也不是纤维腱。附着部位没有肌细胞肥大或过度纤维化。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of bioequivalence of pimobendan oral solution and pimobendan oral capsules in healthy Beagle dogs 匹莫苯丹口服液和匹莫苯丹胶囊在健康Beagle犬体内的生物等效性评价

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.003

O. Kuhlmann , L.N. Goswami

Introduction/Objectives

This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of pimobendan administered as the originator reference product Vetmedin® pimobendan 5-mg capsules and a newly developed liquid formulation Vetmedin® pimobendan 1.5-mg/mL oral solution.

Animals

Pharmacokinetic profiles were investigated in 12 male and 12 female adult Beagle dogs.

Materials and Methods

The study was a randomized, four-period, two-sequence, full-replicate crossover design with maximum concentration (C_max) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve to last sampling time (AUC_0→last) used as pivotal bioequivalence parameters. For each treatment period, all animals were treated with a single dose of 5 mg/animal pimobendan, resulting in a dose of 0.33 mg/kg to 0.56 mg/kg. For each administration period, one predose and 15 postdose blood samples were taken over a period of 12 h. Plasma samples were analyzed for concentrations of pimobendan and the active metabolite O-desmethyl pimobendan.

Results

Both formulations were well tolerated. Bioequivalence of the test product pimobendan 1.5-mg/mL oral solution with the reference product pimobendan 5-mg capsules was demonstrated for both the parent compound pimobendan and the metabolite O-desmethyl pimobendan since the 90% confidence intervals of the ratios of C_max and AUC_0→last were entirely contained within the range of 0.8–1.25.

Study Limitations

The study was performed according to international guidelines with healthy dogs specifically bred for experimental purposes. Comparable data for client-own dogs are not available.

Conclusion

The new Vetmedin® pimobendan 1.5-mg/mL oral solution is a bioequivalent pharmaceutical preparation that is expected to improve dosing accuracy and compliance, especially in toy breed and small dogs.

简介/目的本研究旨在确定原研参比产品 Vetmedin® 匹莫苯丹 5 毫克胶囊和新开发的液体制剂 Vetmedin® 匹莫苯丹 1.5 毫克/毫升口服溶液的药代动力学和生物等效性。材料与方法该研究采用随机、四期、两序、全重复交叉设计，以最大浓度（Cmax）和至最后采样时间的血浆浓度-时间曲线下面积（AUC0→last）作为关键的生物等效性参数。在每个给药期间，所有动物均接受单剂量 5 毫克/只的匹莫苯丹治疗，剂量为 0.33 毫克/千克至 0.56 毫克/千克。结果两种制剂的耐受性均良好。母体化合物匹莫苯旦和代谢物O-去甲基匹莫苯旦的Cmax和AUC0→last比值的90%置信区间完全在0.8-1.25的范围内，因此证明试验产品匹莫苯旦1.5毫克/毫升口服溶液与参比产品匹莫苯旦5毫克胶囊具有生物等效性。结论新型 Vetmedin® 匹莫苯丹 1.5 毫克/毫升口服溶液是一种生物等效的药物制剂，有望提高用药的准确性和依从性，尤其是对玩具犬和小型犬而言。

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引用次数: 0

Clinical and imaging characteristics of patent ductus arteriosus in Standard poodles and their crossbreeds 标准贵宾犬及其杂种犬动脉导管未闭的临床和影像学特征

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.005

S. Lim , S. Wesselowski , S. Kadotani , R.L. Winter , A.B. Saunders

Introduction/Objectives

Standard poodle (SP)/Standard poodle crossbred (SP-C) dogs have gained popularity with limited literature representation. The study objective was to report clinical, imaging, and procedural data in SP/SP-C dogs with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

Animals

Breeds included SP (12/30), Goldendoodle (9/30), Labradoodle (7/30), and Bernedoodle (2/30). At presentation, dogs were 0.6 years old (0.2–6.0) and weighed 14.8 kg (3.1–25.6). Nine had concurrent congenital heart disease. Thirteen required diuretic therapy.

Materials and Methods

A multi-institutional retrospective study including 30 client-owned SP/SP-C dogs was conducted. Data are reported as median and range.

Results

Intra-operative imaging was performed with angiography (n = 28) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) (n = 20), with discrepancies in morphology classification identified in six dogs in which both modalities were performed. Pulmonary ostium diameter measured by TEE, ampulla diameter 4 mm above the ostium measured by TEE (TEE-Amp4), ampulla diameter at the level of the aorta measured by TEE, and ampulla length were measured. Pulmonary ostium diameter measured by TEE was 4.1 mm (1.4–8.1), measuring 42% (35–66%) of the TEE-Amp4. Closure methods included the use of an Amplatz canine duct occluder (ACDO) device (27/30) and surgical ligation (3/30). The median ACDO size was 7 mm (3–12). Immediately after ACDO occlusion, TEE-Amp4 and ampulla diameter at the level of the aorta measured by TEE had a median increase of 21% (0–148) and 16% (4–59), respectively. Complications occurred in four dogs (intra-operative atrial fibrillation [2/30], device embolization following ampulla dilation with subsequent ligation [1/30], and postoperative death following PDA rupture with partial ligation [1/30]).

Study Limitations

Potential errors in breed identification and imaging could affect results.

Conclusions

Standard poodle and crossbred dogs can have large or unusually shaped PDAs, with TEE imaging able to provide anatomic information and intra-operative monitoring.

标准贵宾犬(SP)/标准贵宾犬杂交（SP- c）犬已经获得了有限的文献代表性的普及。研究目的是报告患有动脉导管未闭（PDA）的SP/SP- c犬的临床、影像学和手术资料。动物品种包括SP(12/30)，金毛贵宾（9/30），拉布拉多贵宾（7/30）和伯恩贵宾（2/30）。实验犬的年龄为0.6岁（0.2-6.0岁），体重为14.8 kg（3.1-25.6）。其中9人同时患有先天性心脏病。13例需要利尿剂治疗。材料与方法采用多机构回顾性研究，包括30只客户自备的SP/SP- c犬。数据以中位数和范围报告。结果术中影像学检查采用血管造影（n = 28）和经食管超声心动图（TEE）（n = 20），其中6只犬在两种方式下均发现形态学分类差异。TEE测定肺口直径，TEE测定壶腹直径，TEE测定壶腹直径，TEE测定壶腹直径，TEE测定壶腹直径，TEE测定壶腹长度，TEE测定壶腹直径，TEE测定壶腹直径，TEE测定壶腹长度。TEE测定肺口直径4.1 mm(1.4 ~ 8.1)，测定TEE- amp4的42%（35 ~ 66%）。关闭方法包括使用Amplatz犬管闭塞器（ACDO）（27/30）和手术结扎（3/30）。ACDO的中位尺寸为7 mm（3-12）。ACDO阻断后即刻TEE- amp4和TEE测主动脉水平壶腹直径中位数分别增加21%（0-148）和16%（4-59）。4只狗出现并发症（术中心房颤动[2/30]，壶腹扩张后器械栓塞并结扎[1/30]，PDA破裂部分结扎后术后死亡[1/30]）。研究局限品种鉴定和成像的潜在错误可能影响结果。结论标准贵宾犬和杂交犬可出现较大或形状异常的前列腺癌，TEE显像可提供解剖信息和术中监测。

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引用次数: 0

Idiopathic spontaneous intracardiac microbubbles in an adult dog 成年犬的特发性自发性心内微泡

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.001

L. Beeby , M. Martinez , E.F. Bode

A four-year-old, female neutered English springer spaniel presented for evaluation of exercise intolerance, panting and lingual cyanosis. Echocardiography revealed a structurally and functionally normal heart with the presence of spontaneous intracardiac microbubbles entering the right side of the heart from the caudal vena cava. A cause for the clinical signs could not be identified; routine blood work, urinalysis and electrocardiography were unremarkable. Testing for tick-borne diseases, clotting times, cardiac biomarkers, thyroid function and basal cortisol were all within normal limits. Faecal samples tested for Clostridium perfringens alpha, beta and epsilon toxins were negative. Genetic conditions including malignant hyperthermia and phosphofructokinase deficiency were excluded. Computed tomography and angiography of the abdomen and thorax revealed no abnormalities or shunting vessels that could explain the origin of the spontaneous intracardiac microbubbles. Previously, microbubbles have only been visualised when intravenous access is present or when purposeful contrast studies are performed. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first case of spontaneous intracardiac microbubbles visualised in the right heart of a dog with no identifiable underlying systemic conditions.

一只四岁，雌性绝育的英国施普林格西班牙猎犬提出评估运动不耐受，喘气和舌紫。超声心动图显示心脏结构和功能正常，存在从尾腔静脉进入心脏右侧的自发心内微泡。临床症状的原因无法确定；血常规、尿常规、心电图无明显异常。蜱传疾病、凝血时间、心脏生物标志物、甲状腺功能和基础皮质醇的检测均在正常范围内。粪便样本的产气荚膜梭菌α、β和epsilon毒素检测均为阴性。排除了包括恶性高热和磷酸果糖激酶缺乏在内的遗传条件。腹部和胸部的计算机断层扫描和血管造影显示没有异常或分流血管可以解释自发性心内微泡的起源。以前，微泡仅在静脉注射或有目的的对比研究时可见。据作者所知，这是第一例在没有可识别的潜在系统疾病的狗的右心出现自发性心内微泡的病例。

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引用次数: 0

Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy in eight guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) 8只豚鼠左室非压实性心肌病的研究。

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.02.002

K. Kraszewska , I. Janus-Ziółkowska , P.R. Fox , K.E. Schober

Introduction

Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is a rare form of myocardial disease in humans, and only three animal case reports have been published. We report on LVNC in eight guinea pigs.

Animals, Materials and Methods

Between 2018 and 2023, LVNC was identified in eight hairless Skinny breed guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) aged 2–4.5 years that were referred for cardiac evaluation. Physical and echocardiographic examinations were performed. Echocardiographic findings were compared to those of a matched case-control group comprising eight apparently healthy guinea pigs. Seven of the eight animals with LVNC had congestive heart failure. Two underwent necropsy with cardiac histopathological examination.

Results

Four animals had a familial relationship within two litters. The other four were not related. Echocardiographic examination in all affected animals identified regions of left ventricular trabecular, spongy, non-compacted endocardium and endomyocardium. Left ventricular enlargement, systolic dysfunction, and enlargement of the left atrium were noted in seven of eight animals; pericardial effusion was present in four guinea pigs. The seven animals with congestive heart failure were treated with furosemide and pimobendan. Median survival time after diagnosis was 127 days (range: 7–270 days). Postmortem examination was conducted in two of these eight animals and presence of LVNC was confirmed.

Study limitations

Only two guinea pigs underwent necropsy, the gold standard in the diagnosis of LVNC. Thoracic radiographs were not taken and electrocardiography was not performed. Treatment choices were based on criteria used in dogs and cats.

Conclusion

Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy exists in guinea pigs. Familial relationships among affected animals suggest the possibility of a genetic etiology. Echocardiography was suitable to detect endomyocardial changes consistent with LVNC. Postmortem examination confirmed the LVNC diagnosis with additional involvement of the right ventricle in some animals.

左室非压实性心肌病（LVNC）是一种罕见的人类心肌疾病，仅发表了三例动物病例报告。我们报道了8只豚鼠的LVNC。动物、材料和方法：在2018年至2023年期间，在8只2-4.5岁的无毛瘦种豚鼠（Cavia porcellus）中发现LVNC，并转诊进行心脏评估。进行了身体和超声心动图检查。超声心动图结果与匹配的病例对照组（包括8只明显健康的豚鼠）进行了比较。患有LVNC的8只动物中有7只患有充血性心力衰竭。2例行尸检及心脏组织病理学检查。结果：2窝4只动物有家族关系。另外四人没有血缘关系。超声心动图检查在所有受影响的动物发现左室小梁，海绵状，非紧致的心内膜和心内膜。8只动物中有7只出现左心室增大、收缩功能障碍和左心房增大；4只豚鼠出现心包积液。7只充血性心力衰竭动物用速尿和匹莫苯丹治疗。诊断后中位生存时间为127天（范围：7-270天）。对这8只动物中的2只进行了尸检，证实存在LVNC。研究局限性：只有两只豚鼠进行了尸检，这是诊断LVNC的金标准。没有拍胸片，也没有做心电图。治疗选择基于狗和猫使用的标准。结论：豚鼠存在左室非压实性心肌病。受感染动物之间的家族关系提示可能存在遗传病因。超声心动图适于检测与LVNC相符的心内膜改变。尸检证实LVNC的诊断，并在一些动物的右心室额外累及。

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引用次数: 0

Intra-operative use of transesophageal echocardiography in dogs undergoing interventional procedures for pulmonic stenosis: a case series 在接受肺动脉狭窄介入手术的犬只术中使用经食道超声心动图：一个病例系列

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.02.001

S. Sudunagunta, S. Goodrich, F. Sarcinella

Six dogs were presented for interventional treatment of pulmonic stenosis (balloon valvuloplasty or pulmonary stent implantation). Intra-operative transesophageal echocardiography was performed for subjective pulmonary valve assessment and to measure the transpulmonary pressure gradient. Balloon valvuloplasty was performed in two dogs; the remaining four dogs underwent pulmonary stent implantation. The reduction in pressure was assessed after balloon inflation/stent deployment by right heart catheterization and transesophageal echocardiography. In two patients, complete catheterization was not performed, and success was based solely on a reduction in the pressure gradient measured by transesophageal echocardiography. The procedure was completed successfully in all six dogs, with reduction in pressure measured by catheterization ranging from 47.0% to 96.8% (median: 78.6%) in four dogs and 47.3%–85.2% (median: 80.9%) measured by transesophageal echocardiography in all six dogs. No complications associated with transesophageal echocardiography were observed. In this case series, transesophageal echocardiography allowed subjective assessment of the pulmonic valve leaflets and measurement of annular diameter and transpulmonary pressure gradient. The reduction in transpulmonary pressure gradient seen with transesophageal echocardiography was comparable to the reduction documented on catheterization. Further studies are indicated to objectively assess the agreement between transesophageal echocardiography and catheterization measurements, but in these patients, transesophageal echocardiography allowed increased confidence in procedural success.

本文介绍了6只狗进行肺动脉狭窄的介入治疗（球囊瓣膜成形术或肺支架植入术）。术中行经食管超声心动图对肺动脉瓣进行主观评估，并测量经肺压力梯度。2只犬行球囊瓣膜成形术；其余4只狗接受了肺支架植入。通过右心导管和经食管超声心动图评估球囊膨胀/支架置入后压力的降低。在两名患者中，没有进行完全的导管置入，成功仅仅是基于经食管超声心动图测量的压力梯度的降低。所有6只狗都成功完成了手术，4只狗通过导管测量的压力降低了47.0%至96.8%（中位数：78.6%），6只狗通过经食管超声心动图测量的压力降低了47.3%至85.2%（中位数：80.9%）。经食管超声心动图检查无并发症。在本病例系列中，经食管超声心动图可以对肺动脉瓣小叶进行主观评估，并测量肺动脉环直径和经肺压力梯度。经食管超声心动图显示的经肺压力梯度的降低与导管置入术记录的降低相当。进一步的研究表明，客观地评估经食管超声心动图和导管测量之间的一致性，但在这些患者中，经食管超声心动图增加了手术成功的信心。

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引用次数: 0

Journal title page and editorial board 杂志标题页和编辑委员会

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1760-2734(25)00005-0

引用次数: 0

Reference intervals of two-dimensional speckle tracking–derived endocardial global longitudinal strain analysis in 132 healthy cats 132只健康猫二维斑点追踪衍生心内膜整体纵向应变分析的参考区间。

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2024.11.001

J. Schoebel, J. Friederich, J. Eberhard, E.K. Feldhuetter, G. Wess

Introduction

The assessment of left ventricular myocardial deformation and function by two-dimensional speckle tracking–derived strain analysis is an established method in human cardiology. It also progressively gains recognition in veterinary cardiology in both dogs and cats.

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to create reference intervals for two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE)–derived endocardial global longitudinal strain (GLS) in a population of healthy adult cats of different breeds. Influences of heart rate, body weight, and age were investigated.

Animals

A total of 132 healthy, adult cats were included in this study.

Materials and Methods

Left apical two-, three-, and four-chamber views were obtained prospectively for GLS measurements using two-dimensional speckle tracking performed with cardiac performance analysis. Potential influence of body weight, heart rate, and age was analyzed, and the interobserver and intra-observer variability of the measurements was determined.

Results

Endocardial GLS values were not significantly influenced by body weight (P=0.102), heart rate (P=0.144), or age (P=0.075). A reference interval for GLS of −21.18% to −37.50% (±4.12) was determined. The interobserver and intra-observer variability showed excellent agreement.

Discussion and Conclusions

Two-dimensional STE is a feasible technique for the evaluation of cardiac myocardial deformation and systolic function in cats. Showing an excellent interobserver and intra-observer agreement, two-dimensional STE is a promising method for clinical analysis of cardiac deformation in cats.

二维散斑跟踪应变分析评价左室心肌变形和功能是人类心脏病学中一种成熟的方法。它也逐渐在狗和猫的兽医心脏病学中得到认可。目的：本研究的目的是为不同品种的健康成年猫群体的二维斑点跟踪超声心动图（STE）衍生的心内膜整体纵向应变（GLS）创建参考区间。研究了心率、体重和年龄的影响。动物：本研究共纳入132只健康的成年猫。材料和方法：使用二维散斑跟踪和心脏性能分析，前瞻性地获得左心尖二室、三室和四室视图，用于GLS测量。分析了体重、心率和年龄的潜在影响，并确定了观察者之间和观察者内部的测量变异性。结果：心内膜GLS值不受体重（P=0.102）、心率（P=0.144）和年龄（P=0.075）的显著影响。GLS的参考区间为-21.18% ~ -37.50%（±4.12）。观察者之间和观察者内部的可变性表现出极好的一致性。讨论与结论：二维STE是一种评估猫心肌变形和收缩功能的可行技术。二维STE显示了良好的观察者之间和观察者内部的一致性，是一种很有前途的猫心脏变形临床分析方法。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of heart rate measurements obtained from a smart collar compared to 24-h Holter monitoring in healthy dogs 将智能项圈获得的心率测量值与健康犬的 24 小时 Holter 监测值进行比较评估。

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2024.11.002

T. Gunasekaran, R.A. Sanders

Introduction/Objectives

The primary objective was to compare the 24-h mean heart rate (HR) provided by a smart collar with 24-h ambulatory electrocardiography (Holter) in healthy dogs. The secondary objective was to compare the 2-min HR values between the two methods during periods of activity and rest.

Animals, materials, and methods

Twelve healthy dogs were fitted with both Holter monitors and smart collars. Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman (BA) agreement analysis were used to compare the 24-h mean HR between two methods. The BA analysis for repeated measures and bias plots were used to compare 2-min HR between methods.

Results

The regression analysis showed no significant differential or proportional bias between the methods to estimate 24-h mean HR. The BA analysis showed a mean bias of 2.2 beats per minute (bpm) (95% confidence interval = −0.2, 4.8) with an upper limit of agreement (LOA) of 9.6 bpm (5.1, 14.1) and a lower LOA of −5.1 bpm (−9.5 to −0.6). However, BA analysis of 2-min HR showed poor agreement between methods with wide LOAs at rest and during activity. The smart collar did not provide any HR information for 43% of the total possible recording duration (range = 24%–79%).

Study Limitations and Conclusions

The smart collar can provide a potentially clinically useful estimate of 24-h HR in dogs with normal sinus rhythm. The collar did not provide reliable 2-min HR measurements due to inaccuracies in HR estimation during periods of activity and the inability to report any HR during large periods of the recording.

简介/目标：主要目的是比较智能项圈提供的健康犬 24 小时平均心率（HR）与 24 小时动态心电图（Holter）。次要目标是比较两种方法在活动和休息期间的 2 分钟心率值：12 只健康狗同时安装了 Holter 监测器和智能项圈。使用 Passing-Bablok 回归和 Bland-Altman (BA) 一致性分析比较两种方法的 24 小时平均心率。重复测量的 BA 分析和偏差图用于比较两种方法的 2 分钟心率：结果：回归分析表明，在估算 24 小时平均心率时，两种方法之间没有明显的差异或比例偏差。BA分析显示平均偏差为每分钟2.2次（bpm）（95%置信区间=-0.2，4.8），一致性上限（LOA）为每分钟9.6次（5.1，14.1），LOA下限为每分钟-5.1次（-9.5至-0.6）。然而，对 2 分钟心率的 BA 分析表明，不同方法之间的一致性较差，休息和活动时的 LOA 较大。在可能的总记录时间中，智能项圈有 43% 的时间没有提供任何心率信息（范围 = 24%-79%）：研究局限性和结论：智能项圈可为窦性心律正常的狗提供临床上有用的 24 小时心率估计值。由于在活动期间心率估算不准确，以及在大段记录期间无法报告任何心率，项圈无法提供可靠的 2 分钟心率测量值。

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引用次数: 0