Journal of Veterinary Cardiology最新文献_第9页

Balloon aortic valvuloplasty for congenital aortic valvar stenosis in 10 dogs 球囊主动脉瓣成形术治疗先天性主动脉瓣狭窄10例

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.004

R.L. Winter , B.A. Scansen , K.L. Maneval , C.S. Ferrel , B.M. Potter , M.K. Ames , P.-T. Liao , S.W. Jung

Introduction/Objectives

Aortic valvar stenosis (AS) is an uncommon congenital defect in the dog, but when present, it can cause severe clinical signs including collapse and congestive heart failure. In human patients, AS is a common congenital defect that has been managed with balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). The objectives of this study were to describe the procedural details and retrospectively evaluate the outcomes of dogs with severe AS that underwent BAV.

Animals

Ten client-owned dogs diagnosed with severe AS.

Materials and Methods

Medical records and stored images from echocardiographic and angiographic examinations were reviewed from dogs that were diagnosed with severe AS and underwent BAV. The severity of velocity-derived maximal systolic pressure gradient across the aortic valve and aortic insufficiency was assessed from transthoracic echocardiographic images before and after BAV. Procedural details from the BAV procedures including intra-operative complications, type and size of the balloon catheter used, and use of rapid right ventricular pacing were recorded.

Results

The median (range) age and weight at the time of BAV were 12 months (6–120 months) and 18.2 kg (4.8–33.0 kg), respectively. Most dogs had high-pressure balloon dilation catheters used (n = 6/10) during BAV, and the balloon diameter-to-aortic annular ratio was 1.03 ± 0.05 for all dogs. The maximal systolic pressure gradient across the aortic valve decreased from 183.2 mmHg ± 74.6 before BAV to 97.4 mmHg ± 48.2 immediately after BAV (P<0.001). The severity of aortic insufficiency did not significantly worsen after BAV (P=0.25). The long-term impact of BAV on survival is unknown, and this could be considered a limitation of this study.

Study Limitations

This study describes the short-term effects of BAV for dogs with AS, and a lack of long-term follow-up may be considered a limitation.

Conclusions

Balloon aortic valvuloplasty for severe AS is tolerated in most dogs, and dogs with severe AS may benefit from transcatheter BAV.

主动脉瓣狭窄（aortic valvar stenosis， AS）是犬的一种罕见的先天性缺陷，但当它出现时，可引起严重的临床症状，包括虚脱和充血性心力衰竭。在人类患者中，AS是一种常见的先天性缺陷，已通过球囊主动脉瓣成形术（BAV）进行治疗。本研究的目的是描述程序细节，并回顾性评估严重AS犬接受BAV的结果。动物：客户的狗被诊断患有严重的阿斯伯格综合症。材料与方法对诊断为严重AS并行BAV的犬进行病历和存储的超声心动图和血管造影检查。通过BAV前后经胸超声心动图评估经主动脉瓣速度源性最大收缩压梯度和主动脉功能不全的严重程度。记录BAV手术的细节，包括术中并发症、球囊导管的类型和大小以及右心室快速起搏的使用。结果BAV发生时的中位（范围）年龄为12个月（6 ~ 120个月），体重为18.2 kg （4.8 ~ 33.0 kg）。BAV时大多数犬使用高压球囊扩张导管（n = 6/10），球囊直径与主动脉环的比值为1.03±0.05。主动脉瓣最大收缩压梯度从BAV前的183.2 mmHg±74.6降至BAV后立即的97.4 mmHg±48.2 （P<0.001）。BAV后主动脉功能不全的严重程度没有明显恶化（P=0.25）。BAV对生存的长期影响尚不清楚，这可能被认为是本研究的局限性。本研究描述了BAV对AS犬的短期影响，缺乏长期随访可能被认为是一个局限性。结论大多数犬对严重AS的球囊主动脉瓣成形术是耐受的，严重AS的犬可能从经导管BAV中获益。

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引用次数: 0

Heart base tumors in French Bulldogs: a case series 法国斗牛犬的心脏基底肿瘤：一个病例系列

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.007

C. Johannsen, F. Schneider, I. Maerz

Introduction/Objectives

Heart base tumors (HBTs) including chemodectomas are common in dogs, especially in brachycephalic breeds. These tumors are often incidental findings but can also lead to clinical signs from vascular obstruction, tumor invasion, pericardial effusion, or metastasis. This retrospective study describes clinical and imaging findings of HBTs in 32 French Bulldogs.

Animals, Materials and Methods

A review of medical records focused on French Bulldogs diagnosed with HBTs (April 2019 to October 2022) was conducted. Cases were divided into two groups: dogs with incidental HBTs (group 1) and dogs with clinical signs associated with HBTs (group 2). Collected data focused on clinical features and available diagnostic imaging.

Results

In group 1 dogs (n = 14), HBT was diagnosed incidentally; meanwhile, clinical signs in group 2 dogs (n = 18) included respiratory difficulties, syncope, and ascites with various combinations of serous cavity effusions evident in 13 dogs. Echocardiography of group 2 dogs frequently identified tumors obstructing the pulmonary trunk or its main branches. Some tumors invaded the atria. Median heart rate (138 vs. 156/mins), right atrial diameter (22.0 vs. 31.5 mm), and right ventricular-to-right atrial systolic pressure gradient (48 vs. 83 mm hg) were higher in the subset of group 2 dogs where these variables were measured (all P<0.05).

Study Limitations

The retrospective nature and absence of histopathology to confirm tumor type and autopsy findings are major limitations of the study.

Conclusions

Heart base tumors in French Bulldogs can vary in clinical presentation, severity, and imaging features. These tumors often cause vascular obstruction, tissue invasion, and cavitary effusions.

心基肿瘤（hbt）包括化学肿瘤在犬中很常见，特别是在短头犬中。这些肿瘤通常是偶然发现的，但也可导致血管阻塞、肿瘤侵袭、心包积液或转移等临床症状。本回顾性研究描述了32只法国斗牛犬HBTs的临床和影像学表现。动物、材料和方法对诊断为HBTs的法国斗牛犬（2019年4月至2022年10月）的医疗记录进行了回顾。病例分为两组：偶发HBTs犬（1组）和伴有HBTs临床症状的犬（2组）。收集的数据集中于临床特征和可用的诊断成像。结果1组14只犬偶然诊断为HBT；第2组（18只）的临床症状为呼吸困难、晕厥、腹水，其中13只伴有明显的浆液腔积液。2组超声心动图经常发现肿瘤阻塞肺干或其主要分支。一些肿瘤侵入心房。在测量这些变量时，2组狗的中位心率（138 vs 156/min）、右心房直径（22.0 vs 31.5 mm）和右心室至右心房收缩压梯度（48 vs 83 mm hg）更高（所有P<；0.05）。研究局限性：回顾性的性质和缺乏组织病理学来确认肿瘤类型和尸检结果是本研究的主要局限性。结论法国斗牛犬的心脏基底肿瘤在临床表现、严重程度和影像学特征上各不相同。这些肿瘤常引起血管阻塞、组织侵犯和腔内积液。

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引用次数: 0

Clinical and echocardiographic variables associated with the type of congestive heart failure manifestation in cats 与猫充血性心力衰竭表现类型相关的临床和超声心动图变量

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.04.002

A.K. Masters , L. Brock , M.A. Tropf , A. Rendahl , S. Rogg , J.L. Ward

Introduction/Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine clinical and echocardiographic findings associated with congestive heart failure (CHF) manifestation type in cats and to assess impact on the risk of CHF recurrence and survival.

Animals, Materials and Methods

A retrospective medical record review of 135 cats with CHF was conducted. Cats were grouped based on CHF manifestation type. Associations between CHF manifestation and clinical and echocardiographic variables were assessed using a Fisher's test and analysis of variance. Comparisons between CHF manifestations were performed using a pairwise Fisher's test with Bonferroni-Holm adjustment and Tukey's honestly significant difference method after analysis of variance.

Results

Congestive heart failure manifestation was associated with sex (P=0.045), history of increased respiratory rate (P=0.006), effort (P=0.001), and signs of arterial thromboembolism (P=0.004). Significant differences between left atrium-to-aorta ratio (P=0.043), diastolic right ventricular internal dimension (P=0.001), systolic right ventricular internal dimension (P=0.015), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (P=0.044), and presence of non-specific cardiomyopathy phenotype (P=0.001) were identified among CHF groups. Cats with ascites as their CHF manifestation had significantly higher median diastolic right ventricular internal dimension (9.9 mm) and systolic right ventricular internal dimension (6.6 mm) on pairwise comparison than cats with other CHF manifestations. Congestive heart failure manifestation did not have a statistically significant association with survival but did with time to CHF recurrence (P=0.008).

Study Limitations

Retrospective design, small sample size, and potential misclassification of CHF manifestation type are limitations of this study.

Conclusions

Congestive heart failure manifestation type is associated with various clinical and echocardiographic findings in cats with heart disease.

本研究的目的是确定与猫充血性心力衰竭（CHF）表现类型相关的临床和超声心动图结果，并评估对CHF复发和生存风险的影响。动物、材料和方法对135只CHF猫的病历进行回顾性分析。根据CHF表现类型对猫进行分组。使用Fisher检验和方差分析评估CHF表现与临床和超声心动图变量之间的关系。在方差分析后，采用Bonferroni-Holm校正的两两Fisher检验和Tukey的诚实显著差异法对CHF表现进行比较。结果充血性心力衰竭的表现与性别（P=0.045）、呼吸频率增高史（P=0.006）、用力程度（P=0.001）、动脉血栓栓塞体征（P=0.004）有关。左心房主动脉比（P=0.043）、舒张期右心室内径（P=0.001）、收缩期右心室内径（P=0.015）、三尖瓣环平面收缩漂移（P=0.044）和非特异性心肌病表型（P=0.001）在CHF组之间存在显著差异。以腹水为CHF表现的猫与其他CHF表现的猫相比，其舒张期中位右心室内径（9.9 mm）和收缩期右心室内径（6.6 mm）在两两比较中明显更高。充血性心力衰竭的表现与生存无统计学意义，但与CHF复发时间相关（P=0.008）。研究局限性回顾性设计、小样本量和对CHF表现类型的潜在错误分类是本研究的局限性。结论心脏病猫的充血性心力衰竭表现类型与多种临床和超声心动图表现相关。

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引用次数: 0

Occurrence and distribution of left ventricular bands and normal anatomical features in 78 feline hearts 78只猫左心室带的发生分布及正常解剖特征

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.002

N. Kiessling , S. Rørvig , J. Häggström

Introduction/Objectives

Left ventricular bands (LVBs) are common in feline hearts. Their importance and general features are incompletely described. This study aimed to characterize LVBs in feline hearts based on anatomical location, quantity, histological features, and attachment sites.

Animals, Materials and Methods

Hearts from 78 domestic cats with or without heart disease were included in this study. Cardiac weight and dimensions were measured, and LVBs were categorized as singular bands or nets, with further characterization by location, length, appearance, and histological examination of attachment sites.

Results

Median cardiac weight was 4.34 g/kg (interquartile range: 2.1 g/kg). Left ventricular bands were present in all hearts, with 11% having only singular bands, 32% containing only nets, and 42% having nets covering the entire left ventricle (LV). The most common LVB attachment sites were the LV mid-region involving the posterior papillary muscle. Nets were most common in the mid-region including the papillary muscles (93%), followed by basilar (60%) and apical (59%) regions. All LVBs contained collagen, myocytes, adipose tissue, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. No excess fibrosis, myocardial hypertrophy, or endocardial thickening at the attachment sites was identified.

Study Limitations

The study included mainly domestic stray cats aged 12 weeks to 15 years, with few purebred or diseased individuals. The hearts were examined by one person, which may introduce subjectivity.

Conclusions

Left ventricular bands are commonly found in the mid LV section of feline hearts, primarily involving the posterior papillary muscle, suggesting normal variation. Left ventricular bands contain myocytes, not Purkinje fibers, and are not fibrous tendons. Myocyte hypertrophy or excess fibrosis is absent at attachment sites.

导言/目的左心室带（LVB）在猫科动物心脏中很常见。对其重要性和一般特征的描述尚不完整。本研究旨在根据解剖位置、数量、组织学特征和附着部位来描述猫科动物心脏中 LVB 的特征。测量了心脏重量和尺寸，并将左心室带分为单个带状和网状，根据位置、长度、外观和附着部位的组织学检查进一步确定其特征。结果中位心脏重量为 4.34 克/千克（四分位间范围：2.1 克/千克）。所有心脏都存在左心室带，其中11%的心脏只有单个带，32%的心脏只有网状带，42%的心脏网状带覆盖整个左心室（LV）。最常见的左心室带附着部位是左心室中区，涉及后乳头肌。网最常见于包括乳头肌在内的中区（93%），其次是基底区（60%）和心尖区（59%）。所有 LVB 均含有胶原蛋白、肌细胞、脂肪组织、内皮细胞和成纤维细胞。研究局限性该研究主要包括年龄在 12 周到 15 岁之间的家养流浪猫，纯种猫或患病猫很少。结论左心室带常见于猫科动物心脏左心室中段，主要涉及后乳头肌，表明存在正常变化。左心室带包含肌细胞，而不是浦肯野纤维，也不是纤维腱。附着部位没有肌细胞肥大或过度纤维化。

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引用次数: 0

Clinical and imaging characteristics of patent ductus arteriosus in Standard poodles and their crossbreeds 标准贵宾犬及其杂种犬动脉导管未闭的临床和影像学特征

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.005

S. Lim , S. Wesselowski , S. Kadotani , R.L. Winter , A.B. Saunders

Introduction/Objectives

Standard poodle (SP)/Standard poodle crossbred (SP-C) dogs have gained popularity with limited literature representation. The study objective was to report clinical, imaging, and procedural data in SP/SP-C dogs with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

Animals

Breeds included SP (12/30), Goldendoodle (9/30), Labradoodle (7/30), and Bernedoodle (2/30). At presentation, dogs were 0.6 years old (0.2–6.0) and weighed 14.8 kg (3.1–25.6). Nine had concurrent congenital heart disease. Thirteen required diuretic therapy.

Materials and Methods

A multi-institutional retrospective study including 30 client-owned SP/SP-C dogs was conducted. Data are reported as median and range.

Results

Intra-operative imaging was performed with angiography (n = 28) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) (n = 20), with discrepancies in morphology classification identified in six dogs in which both modalities were performed. Pulmonary ostium diameter measured by TEE, ampulla diameter 4 mm above the ostium measured by TEE (TEE-Amp4), ampulla diameter at the level of the aorta measured by TEE, and ampulla length were measured. Pulmonary ostium diameter measured by TEE was 4.1 mm (1.4–8.1), measuring 42% (35–66%) of the TEE-Amp4. Closure methods included the use of an Amplatz canine duct occluder (ACDO) device (27/30) and surgical ligation (3/30). The median ACDO size was 7 mm (3–12). Immediately after ACDO occlusion, TEE-Amp4 and ampulla diameter at the level of the aorta measured by TEE had a median increase of 21% (0–148) and 16% (4–59), respectively. Complications occurred in four dogs (intra-operative atrial fibrillation [2/30], device embolization following ampulla dilation with subsequent ligation [1/30], and postoperative death following PDA rupture with partial ligation [1/30]).

Study Limitations

Potential errors in breed identification and imaging could affect results.

Conclusions

Standard poodle and crossbred dogs can have large or unusually shaped PDAs, with TEE imaging able to provide anatomic information and intra-operative monitoring.

标准贵宾犬(SP)/标准贵宾犬杂交（SP- c）犬已经获得了有限的文献代表性的普及。研究目的是报告患有动脉导管未闭（PDA）的SP/SP- c犬的临床、影像学和手术资料。动物品种包括SP(12/30)，金毛贵宾（9/30），拉布拉多贵宾（7/30）和伯恩贵宾（2/30）。实验犬的年龄为0.6岁（0.2-6.0岁），体重为14.8 kg（3.1-25.6）。其中9人同时患有先天性心脏病。13例需要利尿剂治疗。材料与方法采用多机构回顾性研究，包括30只客户自备的SP/SP- c犬。数据以中位数和范围报告。结果术中影像学检查采用血管造影（n = 28）和经食管超声心动图（TEE）（n = 20），其中6只犬在两种方式下均发现形态学分类差异。TEE测定肺口直径，TEE测定壶腹直径，TEE测定壶腹直径，TEE测定壶腹直径，TEE测定壶腹直径，TEE测定壶腹长度，TEE测定壶腹直径，TEE测定壶腹直径，TEE测定壶腹长度。TEE测定肺口直径4.1 mm(1.4 ~ 8.1)，测定TEE- amp4的42%（35 ~ 66%）。关闭方法包括使用Amplatz犬管闭塞器（ACDO）（27/30）和手术结扎（3/30）。ACDO的中位尺寸为7 mm（3-12）。ACDO阻断后即刻TEE- amp4和TEE测主动脉水平壶腹直径中位数分别增加21%（0-148）和16%（4-59）。4只狗出现并发症（术中心房颤动[2/30]，壶腹扩张后器械栓塞并结扎[1/30]，PDA破裂部分结扎后术后死亡[1/30]）。研究局限品种鉴定和成像的潜在错误可能影响结果。结论标准贵宾犬和杂交犬可出现较大或形状异常的前列腺癌，TEE显像可提供解剖信息和术中监测。

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引用次数: 0

Left atrial thrombosis in a dog with advanced myxomatous mitral valve disease 晚期二尖瓣黏液瘤病犬左心房血栓形成

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.009

G. Romito, C. Mazzoldi, M. Di Benedetto, S. Sabattini

An 11-year-old Cavalier King Charles spaniel with a previous diagnosis of preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) was presented with respiratory distress and abdominal distension. Lung edema and ascites were diagnosed. Echocardiography revealed a progression of the MMVD as it was associated with a moderate enlargement of the left-sided cardiac chambers and an atrial septal defect (ASD). The latter was hypothesized to be primarily due to a rupture of the interatrial septum caused by MMVD. Moreover, a hyperechoic irregular mass was documented inside the left atrium. At that time, the primary differential diagnosis included intracardiac thrombosis (ICT) and mural endocarditis. Comprehensive diagnostic tests subsequently ruled out extracardiac prothrombotic triggers; moreover, both blood and urine cultures tested negative. Despite the administration of cardiac and supportive therapies (including antithrombotic drugs), the dog died 138 days after presentation. Necropsy confirmed the presence of MMVD (type IV lesions according to Pomerance and Whitney's classification system) associated with remodeling of the left-sided cardiac chambers, multiple left atrial (LA) jet lesions, and ASD. Endocarditis was ruled out, and the LA mass was demonstrated to be an ICT entrapped in the ASD. In light of premortem and postmortem findings, the turbulent blood flow secondary to the mitral valve insufficiency and ASD, along with the extensive LA endothelial damage, were considered likely triggering factors for the development of ICT. This case suggests that, although ICT represents an extremely rare complication of cardiac diseases in dogs, it can potentially develop when canine MMVD is particularly advanced.

一只11岁的骑士查尔斯国王猎犬，先前诊断为临床前二尖瓣粘液瘤病（MMVD），表现为呼吸窘迫和腹胀。诊断为肺水肿和腹水。超声心动图显示MMVD的进展，因为它与左心室适度扩大和房间隔缺损（ASD）有关。后者被假设主要是由于MMVD引起的房间隔破裂。此外，左心房内有高回声不规则肿块。当时，主要的鉴别诊断包括心内血栓形成（ICT）和壁性心内膜炎。综合诊断测试随后排除了心外血栓形成的触发因素；此外，血液和尿液培养均呈阴性。尽管给予心脏和支持性治疗（包括抗血栓药物），狗在出现后138天死亡。尸检证实存在MMVD（根据Pomerance和Whitney的分类系统为IV型病变），并伴有左侧心腔重构、多发左心房（LA）喷流病变和ASD。心内膜炎被排除，LA肿块被证明是被困在ASD中的ICT。根据死前和死后的发现，二尖瓣功能不全和ASD继发的湍流血流，以及广泛的LA内皮损伤，被认为是ICT发展的可能触发因素。本病例表明，尽管ICT是犬类心脏病的一种极其罕见的并发症，但当犬类MMVD特别严重时，它可能会发生。

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引用次数: 0

Surgical correction of ventricular septal defect in a cat 猫室间隔缺损的外科矫正

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.008

T. Wada , A. Fujiwara , Y. Miki , M. Ohashi , S. Kawamoto , R. Takemura , H. Yotsuida , T. Mori

A two-year-old intact male British shorthair cat, weighing 4.6 kg, was referred for surgical correction of a ventricular septal defect (VSD). The cat was treated with pimobendan, amlodipine, furosemide, and clopidogrel for tachypnea, and no other clinical signs of cardiac disease were observed. Physical examination revealed heart murmurs. Radiographic and echocardiographic evaluations indicated generalized cardiomegaly and left atrial enlargement. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed a large left-to-right shunt through a 5.8-mm perimembranous VSD with a septal aneurysm. The pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio was 3.3, indicating a significant volume overload. Surgical correction was performed via a right ventricular outflow tract incision under cardiopulmonary bypass using an 8-mm expanded polytetrafluoroethylene patch to close the VSD. Postoperatively, the cat had sporadic premature ventricular contractions but recovered without major complications. At one year postoperatively, the cat showed improved activity levels and no residual shunt flow and required no medication. This report demonstrates the feasibility of patch closure for membranous VSDs in cats through a right ventricular outflow tract incision and highlights the need for further studies to assess its effectiveness.

一只两岁的完整雄性英国短毛猫，体重4.6公斤，被转诊为室间隔缺损（VSD）的手术矫正。用哌莫苯丹、氨氯地平、呋塞米和氯吡格雷治疗猫呼吸急促，未观察到其他心脏疾病的临床症状。体检发现心脏杂音。x线和超声心动图评价显示广泛性心脏增大和左房增大。二维超声心动图显示一个巨大的左至右分流通过5.8毫米膜周室间隔动脉瘤。肺-全身血流量比为3.3，表明明显的容量过载。在体外循环下通过右心室流出道切口进行手术矫正，使用8mm膨胀聚四氟乙烯贴片关闭室间隔。术后，猫有散发性室性早搏，但恢复无主要并发症。术后一年，猫表现出改善的活动水平，没有残留的分流流，不需要药物治疗。本报告证明了通过右心室流出道切口膜片闭合治疗猫膜性室间隔缺损的可行性，并强调了进一步研究评估其有效性的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy in eight guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) 8只豚鼠左室非压实性心肌病的研究。

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.02.002

K. Kraszewska , I. Janus-Ziółkowska , P.R. Fox , K.E. Schober

Introduction

Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is a rare form of myocardial disease in humans, and only three animal case reports have been published. We report on LVNC in eight guinea pigs.

Animals, Materials and Methods

Between 2018 and 2023, LVNC was identified in eight hairless Skinny breed guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) aged 2–4.5 years that were referred for cardiac evaluation. Physical and echocardiographic examinations were performed. Echocardiographic findings were compared to those of a matched case-control group comprising eight apparently healthy guinea pigs. Seven of the eight animals with LVNC had congestive heart failure. Two underwent necropsy with cardiac histopathological examination.

Results

Four animals had a familial relationship within two litters. The other four were not related. Echocardiographic examination in all affected animals identified regions of left ventricular trabecular, spongy, non-compacted endocardium and endomyocardium. Left ventricular enlargement, systolic dysfunction, and enlargement of the left atrium were noted in seven of eight animals; pericardial effusion was present in four guinea pigs. The seven animals with congestive heart failure were treated with furosemide and pimobendan. Median survival time after diagnosis was 127 days (range: 7–270 days). Postmortem examination was conducted in two of these eight animals and presence of LVNC was confirmed.

Study limitations

Only two guinea pigs underwent necropsy, the gold standard in the diagnosis of LVNC. Thoracic radiographs were not taken and electrocardiography was not performed. Treatment choices were based on criteria used in dogs and cats.

Conclusion

Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy exists in guinea pigs. Familial relationships among affected animals suggest the possibility of a genetic etiology. Echocardiography was suitable to detect endomyocardial changes consistent with LVNC. Postmortem examination confirmed the LVNC diagnosis with additional involvement of the right ventricle in some animals.

左室非压实性心肌病（LVNC）是一种罕见的人类心肌疾病，仅发表了三例动物病例报告。我们报道了8只豚鼠的LVNC。动物、材料和方法：在2018年至2023年期间，在8只2-4.5岁的无毛瘦种豚鼠（Cavia porcellus）中发现LVNC，并转诊进行心脏评估。进行了身体和超声心动图检查。超声心动图结果与匹配的病例对照组（包括8只明显健康的豚鼠）进行了比较。患有LVNC的8只动物中有7只患有充血性心力衰竭。2例行尸检及心脏组织病理学检查。结果：2窝4只动物有家族关系。另外四人没有血缘关系。超声心动图检查在所有受影响的动物发现左室小梁，海绵状，非紧致的心内膜和心内膜。8只动物中有7只出现左心室增大、收缩功能障碍和左心房增大；4只豚鼠出现心包积液。7只充血性心力衰竭动物用速尿和匹莫苯丹治疗。诊断后中位生存时间为127天（范围：7-270天）。对这8只动物中的2只进行了尸检，证实存在LVNC。研究局限性：只有两只豚鼠进行了尸检，这是诊断LVNC的金标准。没有拍胸片，也没有做心电图。治疗选择基于狗和猫使用的标准。结论：豚鼠存在左室非压实性心肌病。受感染动物之间的家族关系提示可能存在遗传病因。超声心动图适于检测与LVNC相符的心内膜改变。尸检证实LVNC的诊断，并在一些动物的右心室额外累及。

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引用次数: 0

Journal title page and editorial board 杂志标题页和编辑委员会

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/S1760-2734(25)00049-9

引用次数: 0

Sudden cardiac death associated with severe atherosclerosis in a young dog 幼犬严重动脉粥样硬化相关性心源性猝死

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.006

L. Korenchy , G. Leeming , R. James

A two-year-old female neutered wirehaired Dachshund presented with a four-week history of progressive intermittent pelvic limb weakness, pain and collapse episodes. Serum biochemistry revealed moderate hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Electrolytes and haematology were unremarkable. Thyroid and adrenal testing were unremarkable. Initial treatment for suspected spinal disease did not alleviate symptoms. The possibility of cardiac collapse was considered, a 24-h Holter monitor was placed, and additional blood was obtained to assess serum troponin I levels. Further cardiac investigations were declined.

While wearing the Holter monitor, the dog collapsed and experienced cardiac arrest, resulting in unsuccessful resuscitation attempts and death. The analysed Holter recording showed bradycardia-induced cardiac arrest, atrioventricular-block, and ST segment depression, suggestive of myocardial infarction or coronary spasm. A postmortem examination showed severe generalised atherosclerosis of the coronary, renal segmental, intervertebral, aorta, carotid, meningeal, and internal thoracic arteries. Severe multifocal myocardial fibrosis and necrosis was noted around the coronary arteries and papillary muscle. As the patient was very young and no other underlying cause was identified, primary hyperlipidaemia (hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia) was deemed the most likely cause of the severe arteriosclerotic changes leading to sudden cardiac death.

一只两岁的雌性绝育腊肠犬表现为四周进行性间歇性骨盆肢体无力，疼痛和虚脱发作。血清生化显示中度高胆固醇血症和高甘油三酯血症。电解质和血液学无显著差异。甲状腺和肾上腺检查无明显差异。对疑似脊柱疾病的最初治疗并没有缓解症状。考虑到心脏衰竭的可能性，放置24小时动态心电图仪，并获得额外的血液以评估血清肌钙蛋白I水平。谢绝进一步的心脏检查。戴着霍尔特监测器时，这只狗晕倒了，心脏骤停，导致复苏尝试失败和死亡。分析的动态心电图显示心动过缓引起的心脏骤停、房室传导阻滞和ST段抑制，提示心肌梗死或冠状动脉痉挛。尸检显示冠状动脉、肾节段动脉、椎间动脉、主动脉、颈动脉、脑膜动脉和胸内动脉存在严重的全身性动脉粥样硬化。冠状动脉和乳头肌周围可见严重的多灶性心肌纤维化和坏死。由于患者非常年轻且未发现其他潜在原因，原发性高脂血症（高胆固醇血症和高甘油三酯血症）被认为是导致严重动脉硬化改变导致心源性猝死的最可能原因。

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