Journal of Veterinary Cardiology最新文献_第8页

Dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype in a 10-week-old Oriental shorthair kitten 10周龄东方短毛小猫扩张型心肌病表型

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.04.001

M. Meijer , H. Aupperle-Lellbach , D. Willems , M. Dirven

A 10-week-old female Oriental shorthair was referred due to stunted growth, weight loss, dyspnea, and reduced activity levels compared to her littermates. Thoracic radiography revealed a markedly enlarged cardiac silhouette and a diffuse unstructured interstitial pulmonary pattern, presumably due to cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Echocardiography showed marked left- and right-sided ventricular dilation, decreased contractility, and enlargement of both atria, without any identifiable congenital defects. Pleural and peritoneal effusion were also present. Based on these findings, a presumptive diagnosis of both left- and right-sided congestive heart failure due to a dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype was made. Cardiovascular pathological examination confirmed the echocardiographic findings. Additionally, mild interstitial myocardial fibrosis was present in the left ventricle, both atria, the interventricular septum, and, to a minimal extent, in the right ventricle. Moderate endocardial fibrosis was observed in the left atrium and left atrial appendage, while mild endocardial fibrosis was present in the left ventricle. Both antemortem and postmortem evaluations did not provide clear evidence of the underlying cause. Therefore, we consider this a rare case of feline juvenile idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy with secondary reactive endocardial and myocardial fibrosis.

一只10周大的雌性东方短毛猫因生长发育迟缓、体重减轻、呼吸困难和活动水平降低而被转介。胸片显示明显增大的心脏轮廓和弥漫性无结构肺间质，可能是心源性肺水肿所致。超声心动图显示左侧和右侧心室明显扩张，收缩力下降，双心房增大，无任何可识别的先天性缺陷。胸膜和腹膜积液也存在。基于这些发现，一个假定的诊断左和右充血性心力衰竭由于扩张型心肌病表型作出。心血管病理检查证实了超声心动图的发现。此外，左心室、双心房、室间隔均有轻度间质性心肌纤维化，右心室也有轻微间质性心肌纤维化。左心房和左心耳可见中度心内膜纤维化，左心室可见轻度心内膜纤维化。死前和死后的评估都没有提供根本原因的明确证据。因此，我们认为这是一个罕见的猫幼特发性扩张型心肌病伴继发反应性心内膜和心肌纤维化的病例。

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引用次数: 0

Clinical and echocardiographic variables associated with the type of congestive heart failure manifestation in cats 与猫充血性心力衰竭表现类型相关的临床和超声心动图变量

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.04.002

A.K. Masters , L. Brock , M.A. Tropf , A. Rendahl , S. Rogg , J.L. Ward

Introduction/Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine clinical and echocardiographic findings associated with congestive heart failure (CHF) manifestation type in cats and to assess impact on the risk of CHF recurrence and survival.

Animals, Materials and Methods

A retrospective medical record review of 135 cats with CHF was conducted. Cats were grouped based on CHF manifestation type. Associations between CHF manifestation and clinical and echocardiographic variables were assessed using a Fisher's test and analysis of variance. Comparisons between CHF manifestations were performed using a pairwise Fisher's test with Bonferroni-Holm adjustment and Tukey's honestly significant difference method after analysis of variance.

Results

Congestive heart failure manifestation was associated with sex (P=0.045), history of increased respiratory rate (P=0.006), effort (P=0.001), and signs of arterial thromboembolism (P=0.004). Significant differences between left atrium-to-aorta ratio (P=0.043), diastolic right ventricular internal dimension (P=0.001), systolic right ventricular internal dimension (P=0.015), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (P=0.044), and presence of non-specific cardiomyopathy phenotype (P=0.001) were identified among CHF groups. Cats with ascites as their CHF manifestation had significantly higher median diastolic right ventricular internal dimension (9.9 mm) and systolic right ventricular internal dimension (6.6 mm) on pairwise comparison than cats with other CHF manifestations. Congestive heart failure manifestation did not have a statistically significant association with survival but did with time to CHF recurrence (P=0.008).

Study Limitations

Retrospective design, small sample size, and potential misclassification of CHF manifestation type are limitations of this study.

Conclusions

Congestive heart failure manifestation type is associated with various clinical and echocardiographic findings in cats with heart disease.

本研究的目的是确定与猫充血性心力衰竭（CHF）表现类型相关的临床和超声心动图结果，并评估对CHF复发和生存风险的影响。动物、材料和方法对135只CHF猫的病历进行回顾性分析。根据CHF表现类型对猫进行分组。使用Fisher检验和方差分析评估CHF表现与临床和超声心动图变量之间的关系。在方差分析后，采用Bonferroni-Holm校正的两两Fisher检验和Tukey的诚实显著差异法对CHF表现进行比较。结果充血性心力衰竭的表现与性别（P=0.045）、呼吸频率增高史（P=0.006）、用力程度（P=0.001）、动脉血栓栓塞体征（P=0.004）有关。左心房主动脉比（P=0.043）、舒张期右心室内径（P=0.001）、收缩期右心室内径（P=0.015）、三尖瓣环平面收缩漂移（P=0.044）和非特异性心肌病表型（P=0.001）在CHF组之间存在显著差异。以腹水为CHF表现的猫与其他CHF表现的猫相比，其舒张期中位右心室内径（9.9 mm）和收缩期右心室内径（6.6 mm）在两两比较中明显更高。充血性心力衰竭的表现与生存无统计学意义，但与CHF复发时间相关（P=0.008）。研究局限性回顾性设计、小样本量和对CHF表现类型的潜在错误分类是本研究的局限性。结论心脏病猫的充血性心力衰竭表现类型与多种临床和超声心动图表现相关。

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引用次数: 0

Transfemoral vein approach for balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in a 1.2- kg dog 经股静脉入路肺动脉瓣球囊成形术治疗体重1.2公斤的犬

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.010

K. Kadowaki , N. Miyashita , K. Nakamura , T. Mori

A 10-month-old, 1.2- kg, unspayed female Maltese dog presented with the chief complaint of a heart murmur. Echocardiography revealed a transpulmonary velocity of 5.28 m/s (estimated pressure gradient: 112 mmHg) and severe pulmonary valve stenosis with an estimated pulmonary valve annulus diameter of 7.2 mm. Given the dog's small size, a balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty via the femoral vein was considered. The pulmonary valve annulus was dilated thrice using a 10-mm balloon (balloon-to-annulus ratio: 1.39). After the balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty, right ventricular systolic pressure decreased from 125 to 78 mmHg. The interventional procedure was completed without serious complications. As of postoperative day 149, the maximum transpulmonary velocity decreased to 2.43 m/s (estimated pressure gradient: 24 mmHg), recurrence of pulmonary valve stenosis was not observed, and the patient was doing well clinically. In conclusion, an approach performed via the femoral vein in this 1.2-kg dog resulted in a successful procedure without significant complications.

一个10个月大，1.2公斤，未绝育的雌性马尔他犬以心脏杂音为主诉。超声心动图显示经肺速度5.28 m/s（估计压力梯度：112 mmHg）和严重的肺动脉瓣狭窄，估计肺动脉瓣环直径为7.2 mm。考虑到狗的小尺寸，考虑通过股静脉球囊肺动脉瓣成形术。使用10mm球囊（球囊与肺环之比：1.39）扩张肺动脉瓣环三次。球囊肺动脉瓣成形术后，右心室收缩压从125 mmHg降至78 mmHg。介入手术顺利完成，无严重并发症。术后第149天，最大经肺速度降至2.43 m/s（估计压力梯度为24 mmHg），无肺瓣狭窄复发，临床情况良好。总之，这只1.2公斤的狗通过股静脉入路手术成功，没有明显的并发症。

引用次数: 0

Left atrial thrombosis in a dog with advanced myxomatous mitral valve disease 晚期二尖瓣黏液瘤病犬左心房血栓形成

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.009

G. Romito, C. Mazzoldi, M. Di Benedetto, S. Sabattini

An 11-year-old Cavalier King Charles spaniel with a previous diagnosis of preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) was presented with respiratory distress and abdominal distension. Lung edema and ascites were diagnosed. Echocardiography revealed a progression of the MMVD as it was associated with a moderate enlargement of the left-sided cardiac chambers and an atrial septal defect (ASD). The latter was hypothesized to be primarily due to a rupture of the interatrial septum caused by MMVD. Moreover, a hyperechoic irregular mass was documented inside the left atrium. At that time, the primary differential diagnosis included intracardiac thrombosis (ICT) and mural endocarditis. Comprehensive diagnostic tests subsequently ruled out extracardiac prothrombotic triggers; moreover, both blood and urine cultures tested negative. Despite the administration of cardiac and supportive therapies (including antithrombotic drugs), the dog died 138 days after presentation. Necropsy confirmed the presence of MMVD (type IV lesions according to Pomerance and Whitney's classification system) associated with remodeling of the left-sided cardiac chambers, multiple left atrial (LA) jet lesions, and ASD. Endocarditis was ruled out, and the LA mass was demonstrated to be an ICT entrapped in the ASD. In light of premortem and postmortem findings, the turbulent blood flow secondary to the mitral valve insufficiency and ASD, along with the extensive LA endothelial damage, were considered likely triggering factors for the development of ICT. This case suggests that, although ICT represents an extremely rare complication of cardiac diseases in dogs, it can potentially develop when canine MMVD is particularly advanced.

一只11岁的骑士查尔斯国王猎犬，先前诊断为临床前二尖瓣粘液瘤病（MMVD），表现为呼吸窘迫和腹胀。诊断为肺水肿和腹水。超声心动图显示MMVD的进展，因为它与左心室适度扩大和房间隔缺损（ASD）有关。后者被假设主要是由于MMVD引起的房间隔破裂。此外，左心房内有高回声不规则肿块。当时，主要的鉴别诊断包括心内血栓形成（ICT）和壁性心内膜炎。综合诊断测试随后排除了心外血栓形成的触发因素；此外，血液和尿液培养均呈阴性。尽管给予心脏和支持性治疗（包括抗血栓药物），狗在出现后138天死亡。尸检证实存在MMVD（根据Pomerance和Whitney的分类系统为IV型病变），并伴有左侧心腔重构、多发左心房（LA）喷流病变和ASD。心内膜炎被排除，LA肿块被证明是被困在ASD中的ICT。根据死前和死后的发现，二尖瓣功能不全和ASD继发的湍流血流，以及广泛的LA内皮损伤，被认为是ICT发展的可能触发因素。本病例表明，尽管ICT是犬类心脏病的一种极其罕见的并发症，但当犬类MMVD特别严重时，它可能会发生。

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引用次数: 0

Surgical correction of ventricular septal defect in a cat 猫室间隔缺损的外科矫正

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.008

T. Wada , A. Fujiwara , Y. Miki , M. Ohashi , S. Kawamoto , R. Takemura , H. Yotsuida , T. Mori

A two-year-old intact male British shorthair cat, weighing 4.6 kg, was referred for surgical correction of a ventricular septal defect (VSD). The cat was treated with pimobendan, amlodipine, furosemide, and clopidogrel for tachypnea, and no other clinical signs of cardiac disease were observed. Physical examination revealed heart murmurs. Radiographic and echocardiographic evaluations indicated generalized cardiomegaly and left atrial enlargement. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed a large left-to-right shunt through a 5.8-mm perimembranous VSD with a septal aneurysm. The pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio was 3.3, indicating a significant volume overload. Surgical correction was performed via a right ventricular outflow tract incision under cardiopulmonary bypass using an 8-mm expanded polytetrafluoroethylene patch to close the VSD. Postoperatively, the cat had sporadic premature ventricular contractions but recovered without major complications. At one year postoperatively, the cat showed improved activity levels and no residual shunt flow and required no medication. This report demonstrates the feasibility of patch closure for membranous VSDs in cats through a right ventricular outflow tract incision and highlights the need for further studies to assess its effectiveness.

一只两岁的完整雄性英国短毛猫，体重4.6公斤，被转诊为室间隔缺损（VSD）的手术矫正。用哌莫苯丹、氨氯地平、呋塞米和氯吡格雷治疗猫呼吸急促，未观察到其他心脏疾病的临床症状。体检发现心脏杂音。x线和超声心动图评价显示广泛性心脏增大和左房增大。二维超声心动图显示一个巨大的左至右分流通过5.8毫米膜周室间隔动脉瘤。肺-全身血流量比为3.3，表明明显的容量过载。在体外循环下通过右心室流出道切口进行手术矫正，使用8mm膨胀聚四氟乙烯贴片关闭室间隔。术后，猫有散发性室性早搏，但恢复无主要并发症。术后一年，猫表现出改善的活动水平，没有残留的分流流，不需要药物治疗。本报告证明了通过右心室流出道切口膜片闭合治疗猫膜性室间隔缺损的可行性，并强调了进一步研究评估其有效性的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Valvular mitral stenosis in adult cats: knowledge gained from the clinical and pathological workup of 18 cases 成年猫二尖瓣狭窄：从18例临床和病理检查中获得的知识

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.006

N. Schreiber , F. Prisco , A. Kipar , L. Schurna , M. Tursi , M.B. Toaldo

Introduction/objectives

Feline valvular mitral stenosis (VMS) is uncommonly reported. The aim of this study was to describe diagnostic and clinicopathological characteristics of VMS in adult cats.

Animals, Materials and Methods

Eighteen client-owned cats were included in this study. A retrospective observational study. Clinical records were searched based on echocardiography. Data regarding clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic findings, outcome, and, in four cats, gross postmortem images of the heart were reviewed, and histological examinations performed.

Results

Most cats were non-pedigree (11/18), with a median age of 13.2 years. Congestive heart failure was common (15/18). Three cats had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype, including one with transient myocardial thickening. Concomitant hyperthyroidism (9/18) was frequent. In one cat, echocardiography performed one year earlier did not show any changes. Upon echocardiography, all 18 cats had characteristic hockey-stick appearance of the anterior leaflet and narrow turbulent diastolic flow across the mitral valve. Twelve cats had fused diastolic transmitral waves, with a median velocity of 0.54 m/s (0.71–3.24 m/s). The remaining six had a median peak velocity of the early and late-diastolic transmitral waves of 1.3 m/s (0.95–2.8 m/s) and 0.99 m/s (0.65–2.05 m/s), respectively. Eleven cats had died, 10 of cardiac death (median survival time: 366 days). Macroscopically, the mitral valve leaflets appeared thickened and distorted, and the surrounded ventricular endocardium thickened. Histology revealed marked endocardial fibrosis of the mitral valve and surrounding ventricular endocardium, dominated by type I collagen.

Conclusions

The most striking finding is the documented acquirement of VMS in one cat, while the acquired nature of the lesion could not be confirmed in the other cases. The pathological findings are compatible with a chronic remodeling process that results in marked endocardial fibrosis in four cats.

简介/目的猫二尖瓣狭窄（VMS）是罕见的报道。本研究的目的是描述成年猫VMS的诊断和临床病理特征。动物、材料和方法本研究共纳入18只客户养猫。回顾性观察性研究。根据超声心动图检索临床记录。我们回顾了4只猫的临床、实验室、超声心动图结果、结果以及大体死后心脏图像，并进行了组织学检查。结果大多数猫是非纯种猫（11/18），中位年龄为13.2岁。充血性心力衰竭较为常见（15/18）。三只猫有肥厚型心肌病表型，其中一只有短暂性心肌增厚。合并甲状腺功能亢进（9/18）较为常见。在一只猫中，一年前进行的超声心动图没有显示任何变化。超声心动图显示，所有18只猫的前小叶呈典型的曲棍球棒状，二尖瓣舒张血流狭窄。12只猫的舒张透射波融合，平均速度为0.54 m/s （0.71-3.24 m/s）。其余6例舒张早期和晚期透射波的中位峰值速度分别为1.3 m/s （0.95 ~ 2.8 m/s）和0.99 m/s （0.65 ~ 2.05 m/s）。11只猫死亡，10只心源性死亡（中位生存时间：366天）。宏观上，二尖瓣小叶增厚变形，周围心室心内膜增厚。组织学显示二尖瓣及周围心室心内膜明显纤维化，以I型胶原为主。结论最显著的发现是在1只猫中记录了VMS的获得性，而在其他病例中无法确认病变的获得性。病理结果与导致4只猫显著心内膜纤维化的慢性重塑过程相一致。

{"title":"Valvular mitral stenosis in adult cats: knowledge gained from the clinical and pathological workup of 18 cases","authors":"N. Schreiber , F. Prisco , A. Kipar , L. Schurna , M. Tursi , M.B. Toaldo","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/objectives</h3><div>Feline valvular mitral stenosis (VMS) is uncommonly reported. The aim of this study was to describe diagnostic and clinicopathological characteristics of VMS in adult cats.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>Eighteen client-owned cats were included in this study. A retrospective observational study. Clinical records were searched based on echocardiography. Data regarding clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic findings, outcome, and, in four cats, gross postmortem images of the heart were reviewed, and histological examinations performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most cats were non-pedigree (11/18), with a median age of 13.2 years. Congestive heart failure was common (15/18). Three cats had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype, including one with transient myocardial thickening. Concomitant hyperthyroidism (9/18) was frequent. In one cat, echocardiography performed one year earlier did not show any changes. Upon echocardiography, all 18 cats had characteristic hockey-stick appearance of the anterior leaflet and narrow turbulent diastolic flow across the mitral valve. Twelve cats had fused diastolic transmitral waves, with a median velocity of 0.54 m/s (0.71–3.24 m/s). The remaining six had a median peak velocity of the early and late-diastolic transmitral waves of 1.3 m/s (0.95–2.8 m/s) and 0.99 m/s (0.65–2.05 m/s), respectively. Eleven cats had died, 10 of cardiac death (median survival time: 366 days). Macroscopically, the mitral valve leaflets appeared thickened and distorted, and the surrounded ventricular endocardium thickened. Histology revealed marked endocardial fibrosis of the mitral valve and surrounding ventricular endocardium, dominated by type I collagen.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The most striking finding is the documented acquirement of VMS in one cat, while the acquired nature of the lesion could not be confirmed in the other cases. The pathological findings are compatible with a chronic remodeling process that results in marked endocardial fibrosis in four cats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 98-113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heart base tumors in French Bulldogs: a case series 法国斗牛犬的心脏基底肿瘤：一个病例系列

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.007

C. Johannsen, F. Schneider, I. Maerz

Introduction/Objectives

Heart base tumors (HBTs) including chemodectomas are common in dogs, especially in brachycephalic breeds. These tumors are often incidental findings but can also lead to clinical signs from vascular obstruction, tumor invasion, pericardial effusion, or metastasis. This retrospective study describes clinical and imaging findings of HBTs in 32 French Bulldogs.

Animals, Materials and Methods

A review of medical records focused on French Bulldogs diagnosed with HBTs (April 2019 to October 2022) was conducted. Cases were divided into two groups: dogs with incidental HBTs (group 1) and dogs with clinical signs associated with HBTs (group 2). Collected data focused on clinical features and available diagnostic imaging.

Results

In group 1 dogs (n = 14), HBT was diagnosed incidentally; meanwhile, clinical signs in group 2 dogs (n = 18) included respiratory difficulties, syncope, and ascites with various combinations of serous cavity effusions evident in 13 dogs. Echocardiography of group 2 dogs frequently identified tumors obstructing the pulmonary trunk or its main branches. Some tumors invaded the atria. Median heart rate (138 vs. 156/mins), right atrial diameter (22.0 vs. 31.5 mm), and right ventricular-to-right atrial systolic pressure gradient (48 vs. 83 mm hg) were higher in the subset of group 2 dogs where these variables were measured (all P<0.05).

Study Limitations

The retrospective nature and absence of histopathology to confirm tumor type and autopsy findings are major limitations of the study.

Conclusions

Heart base tumors in French Bulldogs can vary in clinical presentation, severity, and imaging features. These tumors often cause vascular obstruction, tissue invasion, and cavitary effusions.

心基肿瘤（hbt）包括化学肿瘤在犬中很常见，特别是在短头犬中。这些肿瘤通常是偶然发现的，但也可导致血管阻塞、肿瘤侵袭、心包积液或转移等临床症状。本回顾性研究描述了32只法国斗牛犬HBTs的临床和影像学表现。动物、材料和方法对诊断为HBTs的法国斗牛犬（2019年4月至2022年10月）的医疗记录进行了回顾。病例分为两组：偶发HBTs犬（1组）和伴有HBTs临床症状的犬（2组）。收集的数据集中于临床特征和可用的诊断成像。结果1组14只犬偶然诊断为HBT；第2组（18只）的临床症状为呼吸困难、晕厥、腹水，其中13只伴有明显的浆液腔积液。2组超声心动图经常发现肿瘤阻塞肺干或其主要分支。一些肿瘤侵入心房。在测量这些变量时，2组狗的中位心率（138 vs 156/min）、右心房直径（22.0 vs 31.5 mm）和右心室至右心房收缩压梯度（48 vs 83 mm hg）更高（所有P<；0.05）。研究局限性：回顾性的性质和缺乏组织病理学来确认肿瘤类型和尸检结果是本研究的主要局限性。结论法国斗牛犬的心脏基底肿瘤在临床表现、严重程度和影像学特征上各不相同。这些肿瘤常引起血管阻塞、组织侵犯和腔内积液。

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引用次数: 0

Journal title page and editorial board 杂志标题页和编辑委员会

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/S1760-2734(25)00019-0

引用次数: 0

Balloon aortic valvuloplasty for congenital aortic valvar stenosis in 10 dogs 球囊主动脉瓣成形术治疗先天性主动脉瓣狭窄10例

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.004

R.L. Winter , B.A. Scansen , K.L. Maneval , C.S. Ferrel , B.M. Potter , M.K. Ames , P.-T. Liao , S.W. Jung

Introduction/Objectives

Aortic valvar stenosis (AS) is an uncommon congenital defect in the dog, but when present, it can cause severe clinical signs including collapse and congestive heart failure. In human patients, AS is a common congenital defect that has been managed with balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). The objectives of this study were to describe the procedural details and retrospectively evaluate the outcomes of dogs with severe AS that underwent BAV.

Animals

Ten client-owned dogs diagnosed with severe AS.

Materials and Methods

Medical records and stored images from echocardiographic and angiographic examinations were reviewed from dogs that were diagnosed with severe AS and underwent BAV. The severity of velocity-derived maximal systolic pressure gradient across the aortic valve and aortic insufficiency was assessed from transthoracic echocardiographic images before and after BAV. Procedural details from the BAV procedures including intra-operative complications, type and size of the balloon catheter used, and use of rapid right ventricular pacing were recorded.

Results

The median (range) age and weight at the time of BAV were 12 months (6–120 months) and 18.2 kg (4.8–33.0 kg), respectively. Most dogs had high-pressure balloon dilation catheters used (n = 6/10) during BAV, and the balloon diameter-to-aortic annular ratio was 1.03 ± 0.05 for all dogs. The maximal systolic pressure gradient across the aortic valve decreased from 183.2 mmHg ± 74.6 before BAV to 97.4 mmHg ± 48.2 immediately after BAV (P<0.001). The severity of aortic insufficiency did not significantly worsen after BAV (P=0.25). The long-term impact of BAV on survival is unknown, and this could be considered a limitation of this study.

Study Limitations

This study describes the short-term effects of BAV for dogs with AS, and a lack of long-term follow-up may be considered a limitation.

Conclusions

Balloon aortic valvuloplasty for severe AS is tolerated in most dogs, and dogs with severe AS may benefit from transcatheter BAV.

主动脉瓣狭窄（aortic valvar stenosis， AS）是犬的一种罕见的先天性缺陷，但当它出现时，可引起严重的临床症状，包括虚脱和充血性心力衰竭。在人类患者中，AS是一种常见的先天性缺陷，已通过球囊主动脉瓣成形术（BAV）进行治疗。本研究的目的是描述程序细节，并回顾性评估严重AS犬接受BAV的结果。动物：客户的狗被诊断患有严重的阿斯伯格综合症。材料与方法对诊断为严重AS并行BAV的犬进行病历和存储的超声心动图和血管造影检查。通过BAV前后经胸超声心动图评估经主动脉瓣速度源性最大收缩压梯度和主动脉功能不全的严重程度。记录BAV手术的细节，包括术中并发症、球囊导管的类型和大小以及右心室快速起搏的使用。结果BAV发生时的中位（范围）年龄为12个月（6 ~ 120个月），体重为18.2 kg （4.8 ~ 33.0 kg）。BAV时大多数犬使用高压球囊扩张导管（n = 6/10），球囊直径与主动脉环的比值为1.03±0.05。主动脉瓣最大收缩压梯度从BAV前的183.2 mmHg±74.6降至BAV后立即的97.4 mmHg±48.2 （P<0.001）。BAV后主动脉功能不全的严重程度没有明显恶化（P=0.25）。BAV对生存的长期影响尚不清楚，这可能被认为是本研究的局限性。本研究描述了BAV对AS犬的短期影响，缺乏长期随访可能被认为是一个局限性。结论大多数犬对严重AS的球囊主动脉瓣成形术是耐受的，严重AS的犬可能从经导管BAV中获益。

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引用次数: 0

Occurrence and distribution of left ventricular bands and normal anatomical features in 78 feline hearts 78只猫左心室带的发生分布及正常解剖特征

IF 1.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.002

N. Kiessling , S. Rørvig , J. Häggström

Introduction/Objectives

Left ventricular bands (LVBs) are common in feline hearts. Their importance and general features are incompletely described. This study aimed to characterize LVBs in feline hearts based on anatomical location, quantity, histological features, and attachment sites.

Animals, Materials and Methods

Hearts from 78 domestic cats with or without heart disease were included in this study. Cardiac weight and dimensions were measured, and LVBs were categorized as singular bands or nets, with further characterization by location, length, appearance, and histological examination of attachment sites.

Results

Median cardiac weight was 4.34 g/kg (interquartile range: 2.1 g/kg). Left ventricular bands were present in all hearts, with 11% having only singular bands, 32% containing only nets, and 42% having nets covering the entire left ventricle (LV). The most common LVB attachment sites were the LV mid-region involving the posterior papillary muscle. Nets were most common in the mid-region including the papillary muscles (93%), followed by basilar (60%) and apical (59%) regions. All LVBs contained collagen, myocytes, adipose tissue, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. No excess fibrosis, myocardial hypertrophy, or endocardial thickening at the attachment sites was identified.

Study Limitations

The study included mainly domestic stray cats aged 12 weeks to 15 years, with few purebred or diseased individuals. The hearts were examined by one person, which may introduce subjectivity.

Conclusions

Left ventricular bands are commonly found in the mid LV section of feline hearts, primarily involving the posterior papillary muscle, suggesting normal variation. Left ventricular bands contain myocytes, not Purkinje fibers, and are not fibrous tendons. Myocyte hypertrophy or excess fibrosis is absent at attachment sites.

导言/目的左心室带（LVB）在猫科动物心脏中很常见。对其重要性和一般特征的描述尚不完整。本研究旨在根据解剖位置、数量、组织学特征和附着部位来描述猫科动物心脏中 LVB 的特征。测量了心脏重量和尺寸，并将左心室带分为单个带状和网状，根据位置、长度、外观和附着部位的组织学检查进一步确定其特征。结果中位心脏重量为 4.34 克/千克（四分位间范围：2.1 克/千克）。所有心脏都存在左心室带，其中11%的心脏只有单个带，32%的心脏只有网状带，42%的心脏网状带覆盖整个左心室（LV）。最常见的左心室带附着部位是左心室中区，涉及后乳头肌。网最常见于包括乳头肌在内的中区（93%），其次是基底区（60%）和心尖区（59%）。所有 LVB 均含有胶原蛋白、肌细胞、脂肪组织、内皮细胞和成纤维细胞。研究局限性该研究主要包括年龄在 12 周到 15 岁之间的家养流浪猫，纯种猫或患病猫很少。结论左心室带常见于猫科动物心脏左心室中段，主要涉及后乳头肌，表明存在正常变化。左心室带包含肌细胞，而不是浦肯野纤维，也不是纤维腱。附着部位没有肌细胞肥大或过度纤维化。

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引用次数: 0