Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.10.002
Jo Buckberry , Gillian Crane-Kramer
Objective
this research seeks to investigate the impact the industrial revolution had on the population of England.
Materials
Pre-existing skeletal data from 1154 pre-Industrial (1066–1700 CE) and 4157 industrial (1700–1905) skeletons from 21 cemeteries (N = 5411).
Methods
Context number, sex, age-at-death, stature and presence/absence of selected pathological conditions were collated. The data were compared using chi square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t-tests and logistic regression (α = 0.01).
Results
There was a statistically significant increase in cribra orbitalia, periosteal reactions, rib lesions, fractures, rickets, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, enamel hypoplasia, dental caries and periapical lesions in the industrial period. Osteomyelitis decreased from the pre-industrial to industrial period.
Conclusion
Our results confirm the industrial revolution had a significant negative impact on human health, however the prevalence of TB, treponemal disease, maxillary sinusitis, osteomalacia, scurvy, gout and DISH did not change, suggesting these diseases were not impacted by the change in environmental conditions.
Significance
This is the largest study of health in the industrial revolution that includes non-adults and adults and considers age-at-death alongside disease status to date. This data supports the hypothesis that the rise of industry was associated with a significant decline in general health, but not an increase in all pathological conditions.
{"title":"The dark satanic mills: Evaluating patterns of health in England during the industrial revolution","authors":"Jo Buckberry , Gillian Crane-Kramer","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>this research seeks to investigate the impact the industrial revolution had on the population of England.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Pre-existing skeletal data from 1154 pre-Industrial (1066–1700 CE) and 4157 industrial (1700–1905) skeletons from 21 cemeteries (N = 5411).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Context number, sex, age-at-death, stature and presence/absence of selected pathological conditions were collated. The data were compared using chi square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t-tests and logistic regression (α = 0.01).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was a statistically significant increase in cribra orbitalia, periosteal reactions, rib lesions, fractures, rickets, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, enamel hypoplasia, dental caries and periapical lesions in the industrial period. Osteomyelitis decreased from the pre-industrial to industrial period.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results confirm the industrial revolution had a significant negative impact on human health, however the prevalence of TB, treponemal disease, maxillary sinusitis, osteomalacia, scurvy, gout and DISH did not change, suggesting these diseases were not impacted by the change in environmental conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This is the largest study of health in the industrial revolution that includes non-adults and adults and considers age-at-death alongside disease status to date. This data supports the hypothesis that the rise of industry was associated with a significant decline in general health, but not an increase in all pathological conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981722000523/pdfft?md5=6a501757284e491aa7413e6322ee419b&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981722000523-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10397918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.09.002
Megan A. Perry , Rebecca L. Gowland
Objective
This article explores the theory and utility of a syndemic approach for the study of disease in the past. Syndemic principles are examined alongside other theoretical developments within bioarchaeology. Two case studies are provided to illustrate the efficacy of this approach: Tuberculosis and vitamin D deficiency in 18th and 19th century England, and malaria and helminth infections in Early Medieval England.
Materials
Public health studies of present syndemics, in addition to published bioarchaeological, clinical and social information relating to the chosen case studies.
Methods
The data from these two historical examples are revisited within a syndemic framework to draw deeper conclusions about disease clustering and heterogeneity in the past.
Results
A syndemic framework can be applied to past contexts using clinical studies of diseases in a modern context and relevant paleopathological, archaeological, and historical data.
Conclusions
This approach provides a means for providing a deeper, contextualised understanding ancient diseases, and integrates well with extant theoretical tools in bioarchaeology
Significance
Syndemics provides scholars a deep-time perspective on diseases that still impact modern populations.
Limitations
Many of the variables essential for a truly syndemic approach cannot be obtained from current archaeological, bioarchaeological, or historical methods.
Suggestions for further research
More detailed and in-depth analysis of specific disease clusters within the past and the present, which draws on a comprehensive analysis of the social determinants of health.
{"title":"Compounding vulnerabilities: Syndemics and the social determinants of disease in the past","authors":"Megan A. Perry , Rebecca L. Gowland","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This article explores the theory and utility of a syndemic approach for the study of disease in the past. Syndemic principles are examined alongside other theoretical developments within bioarchaeology. Two case studies are provided to illustrate the efficacy of this approach: Tuberculosis and vitamin D deficiency in 18th and 19th century England, and malaria and helminth infections in Early Medieval England.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Public health studies of present syndemics, in addition to published bioarchaeological, clinical and social information relating to the chosen case studies.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The data from these two historical examples are revisited within a syndemic framework to draw deeper conclusions about disease clustering and heterogeneity in the past.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A syndemic framework can be applied to past contexts using clinical studies of diseases in a modern context and relevant paleopathological, archaeological, and historical data.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This approach provides a means for providing a deeper, contextualised understanding ancient diseases, and integrates well with extant theoretical tools in bioarchaeology</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Syndemics provides scholars a deep-time perspective on diseases that still impact modern populations.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Many of the variables essential for a truly syndemic approach cannot be obtained from current archaeological, bioarchaeological, or historical methods.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>More detailed and in-depth analysis of specific disease clusters within the past and the present, which draws on a comprehensive analysis of the social determinants of health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10401716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.10.003
Giuffra Valentina , Rubino Luigi , Buzic Ileana , Milanese Marco
Objective
The aim of this paper is to evaluate a case of osteoma of the zygomatic bone in a post-medieval individual in the context of a paleoepidemiological approach.
Materials
Forty-five skulls from the plague cemetery of Alghero (Sardinia, Italy), dating back to the end of the 16th century, were evaluated for the presence of osteomata on the outer surface of the cranial vault and facial bones.
Methods
Macroscopic examination was performed using standard anthropological methods. The bone presenting the lesion was submitted to radiological examination through cone beam; a 3D reconstruction was obtained with a surface 3D scanner.
Results
Only one case of osteoma was observed in an adolescent aged 13–15 years, located on the right zygomatic bone. The lesion consisted of a rounded mass of 0.5 cm in diameter composed of compact bone, as also the radiographic study demonstrates. The prevalence of osteoma on the outer surface of the cranial vault and facial bones in the population of Alghero was 2.2 %.
Conclusions
This case offers the opportunity to enrich the knowledge about the presence of benign tumors among past populations and to evaluate this lesion in dry bone.
Significance
This study provides paleoepidemiological data on the scarce area of benign tumors in paleo-oncology and presents the first documented osteoma of the zygomatic bone in paleopathology.
Limitation
Histological study was not performed for conservative issues.
Suggestions for future research
Increasing the attention to benign tumors is essential to deepen our knowledge about paleoepidemiology of neoplastic lesions.
{"title":"Osteoma of the zygomatic bone from 16th century Sardinia (Italy) in the framework of a paleoepidemiological study","authors":"Giuffra Valentina , Rubino Luigi , Buzic Ileana , Milanese Marco","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim of this paper is to evaluate a case of osteoma of the zygomatic bone in a post-medieval individual in the context of a paleoepidemiological approach.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Forty-five skulls from the plague cemetery of Alghero (Sardinia, Italy), dating back to the end of the 16th century, were evaluated for the presence of osteomata on the outer surface of the cranial vault and facial bones.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Macroscopic examination was performed using standard anthropological methods. The bone presenting the lesion was submitted to radiological examination through cone beam; a 3D reconstruction was obtained with a surface 3D scanner.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Only one case of osteoma was observed in an adolescent aged 13–15 years, located on the right zygomatic bone. The lesion consisted of a rounded mass of 0.5 cm in diameter composed of compact bone, as also the radiographic study demonstrates. The prevalence of osteoma on the outer surface of the cranial vault and facial bones in the population of Alghero was 2.2 %.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This case offers the opportunity to enrich the knowledge about the presence of benign tumors among past populations and to evaluate this lesion in dry bone.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This study provides paleoepidemiological data on the scarce area of benign tumors in paleo-oncology and presents the first documented osteoma of the zygomatic bone in paleopathology.</p></div><div><h3>Limitation</h3><p>Histological study was not performed for conservative issues.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for future research</h3><p>Increasing the attention to benign tumors is essential to deepen our knowledge about paleoepidemiology of neoplastic lesions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10457038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.05.001
Madeline M. Atwell
Objective
This study employs feminist disability theory and the concept of structural violence to interpret the results of skeletal and documentary analysis of fracture and disease presence (i.e., syphilis and tuberculosis) among a group of institutionalized women who lived and died within 20th-century Missouri state mental hospitals.
Materials
The skeletal remains and corresponding death certificates of 52 adult Euro-American women housed in the Robert J. Terry Anatomical Collection at the Smithsonian Museum Support Center. Archival and historical literature concerning state mental hospitals were also utilized.
Methods
Macroscopic skeletal analysis of fracture and disease combined with archival research (i.e., associated death certificates and historical documentation).
Results
Approximately 15% of patients demonstrated evidence of perimortem hip fractures with no surgical intervention, most of whom were labeled "psychotic". Death certificates revealed the presence of syphilis (n = 4) and death from TB (n = 5).
Conclusions
Nineteenth and 20th-century patriarchal conditions contributed to the institutionalization of women. Women who were impoverished, spouseless, and perceived as mentally or physically disabled were particularly vulnerable to institutionalization. Once hospitalized, patients were exposed to structurally violent conditions including neglect and abuse that resulted in avoidable harm.
Significance
Historical and documentary data associated with osteological collections is underutilized and can serve to both humanize these individuals and advance our understanding of their intersectional experiences. The implementation of theoretical frameworks within bioarchaeology can also assist in more holistically interpreting the complexities of past life.
Limitations
Small, homogenous sample size limited by macroscopic analysis.
Further Research
Future work should increase sample size, heterogeneity, and conduct other relevant skeletal and documentary analyses.
{"title":"The madness they endured: A biocultural examination of women's experiences of structural violence within 20th-century Missouri state mental hospitals","authors":"Madeline M. Atwell","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study employs feminist disability theory and the concept of structural violence to interpret the results of skeletal and documentary analysis of fracture and disease presence (i.e., syphilis and tuberculosis) among a group of institutionalized women who lived and died within 20th-century Missouri state mental hospitals.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>The skeletal remains and corresponding death certificates of 52 adult Euro-American women housed in the Robert J. Terry Anatomical Collection at the Smithsonian Museum Support Center. Archival and historical literature concerning state mental hospitals were also utilized.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Macroscopic skeletal analysis of fracture and disease combined with archival research (i.e., associated death certificates and historical documentation).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Approximately 15% of patients demonstrated evidence of perimortem hip fractures with no surgical intervention, most of whom were labeled \"psychotic\". Death certificates revealed the presence of syphilis (n = 4) and death from TB (n = 5).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Nineteenth and 20th-century patriarchal conditions contributed to the institutionalization of women. Women who were impoverished, spouseless, and perceived as mentally or physically disabled were particularly vulnerable to institutionalization. Once hospitalized, patients were exposed to structurally violent conditions including neglect and abuse that resulted in avoidable harm.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Historical and documentary data associated with osteological collections is underutilized and can serve to both humanize these individuals and advance our understanding of their intersectional experiences. The implementation of theoretical frameworks within bioarchaeology can also assist in more holistically interpreting the complexities of past life.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Small, homogenous sample size limited by macroscopic analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Further Research</h3><p>Future work should increase sample size, heterogeneity, and conduct other relevant skeletal and documentary analyses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10398151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To report a case of bilateral humerus varus from a late antiquity archeological context in central Italy.
Materials
The individual is a 25–40-year-old female, dated to the 4th cent. CE, from the catacomb of Santa Mustiola in Chiusi, Italy.
Methods
The bones were examined macroscopically and through CT scan imaging.
Results
Both humeri show evident alterations in shape, including elongated, flattened and distally dislocated humeral heads, shortened anatomical necks, angulated upper diaphyseal shafts, and reduced overall lengths. The scapulae appear to have been mildly affected by this condition and show some bone loss and slight retroversion of the glenoid cavity.
Conclusions
Observations are consistent with a diagnosis of humerus varus deformity likely caused by a traumatic event early in the individual's life.
Significance
Varus deformity of the proximal humerus is seldom reported in bioarcheological literature. The case presented provides insight into the etiology and effects of this condition and may serve as comparison for future studies.
Limitations
Even though the absence of other skeletal deformities renders a systemic condition improbable, the traumatic etiology of the condition cannot be confirmed with certainty.
Suggestions for further research
Future publications of new cases may give a broader perspective of the etiology of this condition in the past.
{"title":"A case of bilateral humerus varus from the late antiquity Catacomb of Santa Mustiola (Chiusi, Italy)","authors":"Alessandra Sperduti , Matteo Braconi , Claudio Di Biasi , Giulia Facchin , Giovanna Ferri , Stella Interlando , Ferdinando Spanò , Francesca Candilio","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To report a case of bilateral humerus varus from a late antiquity archeological context in central Italy.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>The individual is a 25–40-year-old female, dated to the 4th cent. CE, from the catacomb of Santa Mustiola in Chiusi, Italy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The bones were examined macroscopically and through CT scan imaging.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Both humeri show evident alterations in shape, including elongated, flattened and distally dislocated humeral heads, shortened anatomical necks, angulated upper diaphyseal shafts, and reduced overall lengths. The scapulae appear to have been mildly affected by this condition and show some bone loss and slight retroversion of the glenoid cavity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Observations are consistent with a diagnosis of humerus varus deformity likely caused by a traumatic event early in the individual's life.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Varus deformity of the proximal humerus is seldom reported in bioarcheological literature. The case presented provides insight into the etiology and effects of this condition and may serve as comparison for future studies.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Even though the absence of other skeletal deformities renders a systemic condition improbable, the traumatic etiology of the condition cannot be confirmed with certainty.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Future publications of new cases may give a broader perspective of the etiology of this condition in the past.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10387865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To undertake differential diagnosis of scapular bone defects found in two medieval skeletons buried in different necropoles of Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy) and to evaluate the clinical significance of paralabral cysts in the context of shoulder pathology.
Materials
Individual JoT36 is an adult male exhumed from a necropolis belonging to a rural agricultural settlement dated to the 10th to 11th century A.D. Individual CIVT58 is an adult male from a Langobard necropolis dated to 630–670 A.D.
Methods
Macroscopic examination of the skeletons was performed using standard osteological methods and review of pertinent clinical literature to assist differential diagnosis.
Results
Between the glenoid cavity and the spinoglenoid notch of the right scapula of JoT36 there is a multilocular circular defect adjacent to the glenoid rim. On the neck of the left scapula of CIVT58, immediately above the spinoglenoid notch, there is a unilocular circular depression. In both cases, the cortical bone appears smooth without any evidence of erosion or sclerosis.
Conclusions
Skeletal findings and historical/archaeological contexts of both cases are compatible with the diagnosis of paralabral cysts.
Significance
Paralabral cysts are relatively frequently observed in clinical settings but very few examples have been documented in paleopathological literature. This study seeks to improve recognition and interpretation of this pathology in historical/archaeological contexts.
Limitations
Findings from a case report can neither generate epidemiological information nor be generalized.
Suggestions for further research
Identification of new cases may add valuable information about lifestyles and related shoulder pathologies in ancient times.
目的对意大利Friuli Venezia Giulia地区两具埋于不同坏死极的中世纪骨的肩胛骨缺损进行鉴别诊断，探讨肩胛旁囊肿在肩关节病理学中的临床意义。个体JoT36是一名成年男性，出土于一个属于公元10至11世纪的农村农业定居点的墓地。个体CIVT58是一名成年男性，出土于公元630-670年的兰哥巴德墓地。方法使用标准的骨学方法对骨骼进行显微镜检查，并查阅相关临床文献以协助鉴别诊断。结果JoT36右肩胛骨肩胛盂与棘突切迹之间，肩胛盂缘附近存在多房圆形缺损。在CIVT58左肩胛骨颈部，紧靠棘突切迹上方，有一个单眼圆形凹陷。在这两种情况下，皮质骨看起来很光滑，没有任何侵蚀或硬化的迹象。结论两例病例的骨骼检查结果和历史/考古背景与肱旁囊肿的诊断一致。意义:肩胛旁囊肿在临床中比较常见，但在古病理学文献中很少有记录。本研究旨在提高在历史/考古背景下对这种病理学的认识和解释。病例报告的发现既不能产生流行病学信息，也不能普遍化。对进一步研究的建议新病例的发现可为了解古代的生活方式和相关肩部疾病提供有价值的信息。
{"title":"Two paleopathological cases suggestive of paralabral cysts of the shoulder","authors":"Paola Saccheri , Gastone Sabbadini , Luciana Travan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To undertake differential diagnosis of scapular bone defects found in two medieval skeletons buried in different necropoles of Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy) and to evaluate the clinical significance of paralabral cysts in the context of shoulder pathology.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Individual JoT36 is an adult male exhumed from a necropolis belonging to a rural agricultural settlement dated to the 10th to 11th century A.D. Individual CIVT58 is an adult male from a Langobard necropolis dated to 630–670 A.D.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Macroscopic examination of the skeletons was performed using standard osteological methods and review of pertinent clinical literature to assist differential diagnosis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Between the glenoid cavity and the spinoglenoid notch of the right scapula of JoT36 there is a multilocular circular defect adjacent to the glenoid rim. On the neck of the left scapula of CIVT58, immediately above the spinoglenoid notch, there is a unilocular circular depression. In both cases, the cortical bone appears smooth without any evidence of erosion or sclerosis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Skeletal findings and historical/archaeological contexts of both cases are compatible with the diagnosis of paralabral cysts.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Paralabral cysts are relatively frequently observed in clinical settings but very few examples have been documented in paleopathological literature. This study seeks to improve recognition and interpretation of this pathology in historical/archaeological contexts.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Findings from a case report can neither generate epidemiological information nor be generalized.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Identification of new cases may add valuable information about lifestyles and related shoulder pathologies in ancient times.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10397931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.10.001
Timisay Monsalve , Olga Cecilia Londoño , Jose Luis Pais-Brito , Jane Buikstra
Objectives
We report a contemporary individual who died with advanced holoprosencephaly (HPE) to encourage recognition of rare diseases (RDs), especially congenital conditions in archaeological samples. We also explore the range of conditions associated with hydrocephalus in support of nuanced interpretations of this disease.
Materials
The skeleton of a 17-year-old male who died with clinically diagnosed HPE, along with an age and sex matched comparative sample of 6 individuals who suffered accidental death and who were normal.
Methods
We observed and measured all remains using standard osteological methods. The clinical records for Ecce Homo were scrutinized; his family was interviewed, and his skull was X-rayed.
Results
The morphology and morphometry of Ecce Homo’s skeleton display irregularities along the cranial midline and the postcranial skeleton consistent with anomalies derived from HPE as well as related congenital disorders and physical anomalies.
Conclusions
We have reported HPE here and developed a differential diagnosis with closely related conditions. Likewise we relate the information generated in the clinical history and interviews with the family of Ecce Homo to facilitate an understanding of the social context.
Significance
This case is exceptional in providing information from the life context of a contemporary individual who suffered from a rare disease (HPE), with skeletal remains could be studied extensively. The differential diagnosis is useful in identifying HPE and other closely related conditions.
Limitations
This is a single example with clinical intervention.
Suggestions for further research
Future osteological research should occur on other cases of HPE; molecular studies may offer further clarity.
{"title":"Ecce Homo: Moving past labels to lives","authors":"Timisay Monsalve , Olga Cecilia Londoño , Jose Luis Pais-Brito , Jane Buikstra","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We report a contemporary individual who died with advanced holoprosencephaly (HPE) to encourage recognition of rare diseases (RDs), especially congenital conditions in archaeological samples. We also explore the range of conditions associated with hydrocephalus in support of nuanced interpretations of this disease.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>The skeleton of a 17-year-old male who died with clinically diagnosed HPE, along with an age and sex matched comparative sample of 6 individuals who suffered accidental death and who were normal.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We observed and measured all remains using standard osteological methods. The clinical records for Ecce Homo were scrutinized; his family was interviewed, and his skull was X-rayed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The morphology and morphometry of Ecce Homo’s skeleton display irregularities along the cranial midline and the postcranial skeleton consistent with anomalies derived from HPE as well as related congenital disorders and physical anomalies.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We have reported HPE here and developed a differential diagnosis with closely related conditions. Likewise we relate the information generated in the clinical history and interviews with the family of Ecce Homo to facilitate an understanding of the social context.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This case is exceptional in providing information from the life context of a contemporary individual who suffered from a rare disease (HPE), with skeletal remains could be studied extensively. The differential diagnosis is useful in identifying HPE and other closely related conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>This is a single example with clinical intervention.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Future osteological research should occur on other cases of HPE; molecular studies may offer further clarity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10398149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.06.003
Sarah Massingham, Ronika K. Power
Objective
This paper critically reviews the history of research concerning ancient Egyptian interventive dental therapy between the Old Kingdom – Graeco-Roman Period (c. 2686 BCE–AD 323), concentrating on the published osteological evidence.
Materials
Eight osteological examples reportedly exhibiting markers of interventive dental therapy, including a mandible presenting purported evidence for a drilling procedure for the relief of an abscess; four dental bridges; a maxilla with multiple teeth extracted; and two carious lesion fillings.
Methods
Previous claims are critically reviewed using a qualitative research method involving collecting and critiquing published data, both primary evidence and relevant secondary literature.
Conclusions
Without further scientific analysis, only four specimens can currently be plausibly attributed to ancient Egyptian interventive dental therapy including the Tura el-Asmant Bridge, the enucleation described for a Graeco-Roman child, and two carious lesion fillings identified in the mummified individuals known as the ‘Redpath Mummy’ (RM2718) and ‘Sekhem’ (AIG3343).
Significance
Several enduring historiographical and museological problems within the discourse are identified, revising our understanding of the nature and scope of ancient Egyptian interventive dental therapy based on currently known osteological evidence.
Limitations
This review relies on the published documentation for each osteological example, namely images, which in several cases are poor quality.
Suggestions for Further Research
There is significant opportunity for further scientific analysis of the osteological evidence discussed. In each case, specific potential methods to improve our understanding and interpretation have been identified.
{"title":"Interventive dental therapy in Ancient Egypt (ca. 2686 BCE – AD 323): A critical review","authors":"Sarah Massingham, Ronika K. Power","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This paper critically reviews the history of research concerning ancient Egyptian interventive dental therapy between the Old Kingdom – Graeco-Roman Period (c. 2686 BCE–AD 323), concentrating on the published osteological evidence.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Eight osteological examples reportedly exhibiting markers of interventive dental therapy, including a mandible<span> presenting purported evidence for a drilling procedure for the relief of an abscess; four dental bridges; a maxilla with multiple teeth extracted; and two carious lesion fillings.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Previous claims are critically reviewed using a qualitative research method involving collecting and critiquing published data, both primary evidence and relevant secondary literature.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Without further scientific analysis, only four specimens can currently be plausibly attributed to ancient Egyptian interventive dental therapy including the Tura el-Asmant Bridge, the enucleation described for a Graeco-Roman child, and two carious lesion fillings identified in the mummified individuals known as the ‘Redpath Mummy’ (RM2718) and ‘Sekhem’ (AIG3343).</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Several enduring historiographical and museological problems within the discourse are identified, revising our understanding of the nature and scope of ancient Egyptian interventive dental therapy based on currently known osteological evidence.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>This review relies on the published documentation for each osteological example, namely images, which in several cases are poor quality.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for Further Research</h3><p>There is significant opportunity for further scientific analysis of the osteological evidence discussed. In each case, specific potential methods to improve our understanding and interpretation have been identified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40493104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report here a stingray spine (Dasyatidae) found embedded in the femur of a male skeleton from the archaeological site of Uedomari-5, Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan.
Materials
A single well-preserved but incomplete human skeleton.
Methods
Macroscopic observation and low power magnification, CT imaging, radiocarbon dating and stable isotope (carbon, nitrogen) analysis.
Results
The stingray spine is tentatively identified as Bathytoshia brevicaudata. CT imaging shows no healing, indicating that death occurred shortly afterwards. The skeleton has been directly radiocarbon dated to the Okhotsk period (cal AD 429–827), with δ13C (−13.7‰) and δ15N (19.3‰) values indicating a diet focused on marine foods.
Conclusions
The absence of healing in what would have been a non-lethal injury strongly suggests that the spine tipped an arrowhead, rather than being the result of an accidental encounter with a living stingray. It is possible that the injury reflects a period of increased conflict coinciding with, or following on from, the expansion of the Okhotsk culture from Sakhalin into northern Hokkaido.
Significance
Uedomari-5 provides the first example, to our knowledge, of a stingray spine directly embedded in human bone at an archaeological site. More widely, the finding contributes to our knowledge of conflict in northern hunter-gatherer communities.
Limitations
Given the early excavation date (1949–50), there is little contextual information available for the burials.
Suggestions for further research
ZooMS (Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry) may be able to identify the stingray species. Archival research may provide more information concerning the excavations at Uedomari-5.
目的报道在日本北海道热汶岛上岛5号考古遗址发现的一具男性骨骼股骨内嵌的黄貂鱼脊柱(黄貂鱼科)。一具保存完好但不完整的人类骨骼。方法显微镜观察、低倍放大、CT成像、放射性碳定年及稳定同位素(碳、氮)分析。结果黄貂鱼脊椎初步鉴定为浅尾鱼(Bathytoshia brevicaudata)。CT图像显示未愈合，表明不久后死亡。经放射性碳直接测定，该骨架的年代为鄂霍次克时期(公元429-827年)，δ13C(- 13.7‰)和δ15N(19.3‰)值表明其饮食以海洋食物为主。结论:这个非致命的伤口没有愈合，这有力地表明，脊椎的尖端是一个箭头，而不是意外遭遇活黄貂鱼的结果。这可能反映了与鄂霍次克文化从库页岛向北海道北部扩张同时或随后增加的冲突时期。据我们所知，edomari-5提供了在考古遗址中直接嵌入人类骨骼的黄貂鱼脊椎的第一个例子。更广泛地说，这一发现有助于我们了解北方狩猎采集者社区的冲突。局限性:由于发掘时间较早(1949 - 1950年)，关于墓葬的背景信息很少。对进一步研究的建议zooms (Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry)可能能够鉴别黄貂鱼的种类。档案研究可能会提供更多有关Uedomari-5发掘的信息。
{"title":"A sting in the tail: An embedded stingray spine in a mid-1st millennium AD adult male skeleton from Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan","authors":"Rick J. Schulting , Daisuke Kubo , Kiyonori Nishida , Izumi Braddick , Minoru Yoneda , Hirofumi Kato , Hajime Ishida","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We report here a stingray spine (Dasyatidae) found embedded in the femur of a male skeleton from the archaeological site of Uedomari-5, Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>A single well-preserved but incomplete human skeleton.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Macroscopic observation and low power magnification, CT imaging, radiocarbon dating and stable isotope (carbon, nitrogen) analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The stingray spine is tentatively identified as <em>Bathytoshia brevicaudata</em>. CT imaging shows no healing, indicating that death occurred shortly afterwards. The skeleton has been directly radiocarbon dated to the Okhotsk period (cal AD 429–827), with <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C (−13.7‰) and <em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N (19.3‰) values indicating a diet focused on marine foods.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The absence of healing in what would have been a non-lethal injury strongly suggests that the spine tipped an arrowhead, rather than being the result of an accidental encounter with a living stingray. It is possible that the injury reflects a period of increased conflict coinciding with, or following on from, the expansion of the Okhotsk culture from Sakhalin into northern Hokkaido.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Uedomari-5 provides the first example, to our knowledge, of a stingray spine directly embedded in human bone at an archaeological site. More widely, the finding contributes to our knowledge of conflict in northern hunter-gatherer communities.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Given the early excavation date (1949–50), there is little contextual information available for the burials.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>ZooMS (Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry) may be able to identify the stingray species. Archival research may provide more information concerning the excavations at Uedomari-5.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981722000353/pdfft?md5=bef701c17570e2c00fd7f1be46198f0a&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981722000353-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40584511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.06.002
Alexis T. Boutin, C. Midori Longo, Rosemary Lehnhard
Objective
To critically examine the role that case studies play in recent paleopathological literature, by evaluating their frequency of publication, academic impact, and the public engagement they generate.
Materials
Articles published in International Journal of Paleopathology between 2011 and 2018 (N = 377).
Methods
Articles were coded as case studies, population studies, methodological studies, or reviews. Case studies were coded as cultural practices, differential diagnosis, historical, or methodological/theoretical. We utilized bibliometric analysis to assess academic impact and altmetric analysis to evaluate public engagement.
Results
Case studies continue to be the most frequently published, but least frequently cited, article type. There are no significant differences in public engagement data between article types. Methodological/theoretical case studies have the most academic impact. Differential diagnosis case studies have the least academic impact and generate the least public engagement.
Conclusions
The case study genre includes a variety of approaches, some of which hold significant potential for contributing to the discipline of paleopathology and beyond.
Significance
This study updates Mays’ (2012b) citation analysis, pioneers the use of altmetric data to analyze public engagement with paleopathological publications, and identifies less productive approaches and areas of heightened relevance in the case study genre.
Limitations
Publications in only one journal were analyzed. Only one source was utilized for citation data (Google Scholar) and one source for altmetric data (PlumX).
Suggestions for future research
Expanding the granular analysis of case studies piloted here to additional journals and/or citation indexes to enlarge the sample size and provide keener insights.
{"title":"The role of case studies in recent paleopathological literature: An argument for continuing relevance","authors":"Alexis T. Boutin, C. Midori Longo, Rosemary Lehnhard","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To critically examine the role that case studies play in recent paleopathological literature, by evaluating their frequency of publication, academic impact, and the public engagement they generate.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Articles published in <em>International Journal of Paleopathology</em> between 2011 and 2018 (N = 377).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Articles were coded as case studies, population studies, methodological studies, or reviews. Case studies were coded as cultural practices, differential diagnosis, historical, or methodological/theoretical. We utilized bibliometric analysis to assess academic impact and altmetric analysis to evaluate public engagement.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Case studies continue to be the most frequently published, but least frequently cited, article type. There are no significant differences in public engagement data between article types. Methodological/theoretical case studies have the most academic impact. Differential diagnosis case studies have the least academic impact and generate the least public engagement.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The case study genre includes a variety of approaches, some of which hold significant potential for contributing to the discipline of paleopathology and beyond.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This study updates Mays’ (2012b) citation analysis, pioneers the use of altmetric data to analyze public engagement with paleopathological publications, and identifies less productive approaches and areas of heightened relevance in the case study genre.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Publications in only one journal were analyzed. Only one source was utilized for citation data (Google Scholar) and one source for altmetric data (PlumX).</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for future research</h3><p>Expanding the granular analysis of case studies piloted here to additional journals and/or citation indexes to enlarge the sample size and provide keener insights.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981722000328/pdfft?md5=884651e85b0d6c4762867ffe9f0eeb01&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981722000328-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40505477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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