International Journal of Paleopathology最新文献_第5页

A mature ovarian teratoma from New Kingdom Amarna, Egypt 一例来自埃及新王国阿玛纳的成熟卵巢畸胎瘤。

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.10.004

Gretchen R. Dabbs , Anna Stevens , Melinda King Wetzel

Objective

This paper describes the fifth case of a mature ovarian teratoma reported in the bioarchaeological literature, contributing to the temporal and geographical distribution of known examples of this unusual pathology.

Materials

An 18–21-year-old female found in situ within a multi-chambered subterranean tomb in the North Desert Cemetery at Amarna, Egypt (founded c. 1345 BCE) was recovered associated with a multi-lobed roughly ovoid calcified mass and two associated teeth identified within the pelvic cavity.

Methods

Macroscopic evaluation alongside careful differential diagnosis.

Conclusions

The presence of multiple teeth and their degree of development provided sufficient evidence to identify this mass as an ovarian teratoma found in association with a young woman buried in one of the most richly adorned burials in the non-elite cemeteries at the New Kingdom site of Amarna. The teratoma is interpreted within our understanding of the broader social context of ancient Egyptian medical knowledge.

Significance

This case is the only reported example of a mature ovarian teratoma from Pharaonic Egypt, and Africa more broadly, predating other reported cases by several centuries. It adds considerable temporal and geographical depth to our understanding of this condition in the past.

Limitations

This study was limited to macroscopic examination of remains and would likely benefit from either x-ray or CT-scanning of the object to examine the internal structure.

Suggestions for Further Research

Further consideration of the likely physical implications of this pathology, along with the broader social aspects of burial with objects of potential magico-medical significance is necessary.

目的：本文描述了生物考古文献中报道的第五例成熟卵巢畸胎瘤，有助于了解这种不寻常病理的已知病例的时间和地理分布。材料：一名18-21岁的女性在埃及阿玛纳北部沙漠公墓（建于公元前1345年）的一个多室地下墓穴中被发现，与盆腔内发现的一个多瓣大致卵形的钙化块和两颗相关牙齿有关。方法：宏观评价，仔细鉴别诊断。结论：多颗牙齿的存在及其发育程度为确定该肿块为卵巢畸胎瘤提供了足够的证据，该肿块与一名年轻女性有关，该女性被埋葬在新王国阿玛纳遗址非精英墓地中装饰最华丽的墓地之一。畸胎瘤是在我们对古埃及医学知识更广泛的社会背景的理解范围内解释的。意义：该病例是埃及法老时期和更广泛的非洲唯一报告的成熟卵巢畸胎瘤病例，比其他报告的病例早了几个世纪。它为我们过去对这种情况的理解增加了相当大的时间和地理深度。局限性：这项研究仅限于对遗骸进行宏观检查，可能会从物体的x射线或CT扫描中受益，以检查内部结构。进一步研究的建议：有必要进一步考虑这种病理学可能带来的物理影响，以及埋葬具有潜在魔术医学意义的物品的更广泛的社会方面。

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引用次数: 0

The palaeopathology of industry, a perspective from Britain 从英国的角度看工业的古病理学。

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.10.001

S.A. Mays

Objectives

This article considers the position of palaeopathology of ca. 1750AD onward within the subdiscipline of Industrial Archaeology, and reflects upon the relationship between skeletal palaeopathology and textual sources on disease prevalences.

Methods

It draws upon the author’s experience in engaging with threat-led archaeology. It synthesises key elements of palaeopathological literature, emphasising contributions to the IJPP VSI ‘Changes in Health with the Rise of Industry’, and also the broader literature regarding Industrial Archaeology.

Results

Industrial Archaeology has seen a recent refocus to include not only a concentration upon technological aspects of industry but also increased emphasis the social context of industrialisation. This movement toward a placement of people as well as machines centre stage has resulted in an environment conducive for paleopathology to make a greater impact upon studies of the period.

Conclusions

Palaeopathologists need to ensure that their biocultural work is orientated toward research goals of broader relevance if the impact of their work is to be maximised. We cannot directly align prevalence data generated from skeletal and and written sources; roles played by these two sources of evidence will depend, inter alia, upon the problems being investigated.

Significance

The success of ‘Industrial Palaeopathology’ will be measured by the extent to which human remains studies move toward centre stage within the broader discipline of Industrial Archaeology.

Limitations

Multiple perspectives on disciplinary development are possible. Academic traditions, relationships between university- and threat led-sectors, and the opportunities and challenges engendered by working with human remains, differ in different countries.

目的：本文考虑了公元1750年以后的古病理学在工业考古学分支学科中的地位，并反思了骨骼古病理学与疾病流行的文本来源之间的关系。方法：借鉴作者从事威胁主导考古的经验。它综合了古病理学文献的关键元素，强调了对IJPP VSI“随着工业的兴起，健康的变化”的贡献，以及关于工业考古学的更广泛的文献。结果：工业考古学最近重新聚焦，不仅关注工业的技术方面，而且越来越重视工业化的社会背景。这种将人和机器置于舞台中心的运动为古病理学创造了一个有利的环境，对这一时期的研究产生了更大的影响。结论：如果要最大限度地发挥他们工作的影响，古病理学家需要确保他们的生物文化工作面向更广泛的相关研究目标。我们无法直接比对从骨骼和书面来源生成的患病率数据；这两个证据来源所起的作用将取决于所调查的问题。意义：“工业古病理学”的成功将通过人类遗骸研究在更广泛的工业考古学科中走向中心阶段的程度来衡量。局限性：学科发展可能有多种视角。不同国家的学术传统、大学和威胁主导部门之间的关系，以及处理遗骸所带来的机遇和挑战各不相同。

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引用次数: 0

Dental health in Roman dogs: A pilot study using standardized examination methods 罗马犬的牙齿健康：一项使用标准化检查方法的试点研究。

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.007

Monika Schernig-Mráz , Anne L. Grauer , Gottfried Morgenegg

Objective

To utilize standardized clinical veterinary methods to analyze dental health in a series of Roman dog maxillae and mandibles and to compare results to modern clinical data.

Materials

28 skulls of juvenile and adult dogs from three archaeological sites in Switzerland and Germany dating to the Roman period.

Methods

Standardized examination was carried out, which included metric radiographic assessment to diagnose oral pathology and estimate age at death. In one case, CT analysis was undertaken.

Results

The estimated average age at death was between three and four years old. Tooth fracture, periodontal disease, the presence of non-vital teeth, and brachycephalic skull form were found in the sample. Tooth resorption was unexpectedly noted.

Conclusion

The study provides valuable insights into the dental health of dogs in the Roman era. Compared to modern dogs, Roman dogs examined in this study appear to have a shorter lifespan but display a high rate of pathological dental disease, while disease patterns were very similar to those of modern dogs. Dogs with pronounced brachycephalic features were found.

Significance

This pilot study is the first to use standardized clinical examination and recording techniques to assess dental health in dogs from archaeological contexts. It provides insight into the dental health of Roman era dogs and offers data upon which cross-populational studies can be initiated.

Limitations

The sample size and geographic location of the archaeological sites were limited.

Suggestions for further research

Subsequent standardized studies, preferably in as many different Roman Empire regions as possible, are recommended.

目的：利用标准化的临床兽医方法分析一系列罗马犬上颌骨和下颌骨的牙齿健康状况，并将结果与现代临床数据进行比较。材料：28个幼年和成年狗的头骨，来自瑞士和德国的三个考古遗址，可追溯到罗马时期。方法：进行标准化检查，包括测量放射学评估，以诊断口腔病理和估计死亡年龄。在一个案例中，进行了CT分析。结果：估计平均死亡年龄在3至4岁之间。在样本中发现了牙齿骨折、牙周病、非重要牙齿和短头颅骨。意外发现牙齿吸收。结论：这项研究为了解罗马时代狗的牙齿健康状况提供了宝贵的见解。与现代狗相比，这项研究中检查的罗马狗似乎寿命更短，但患病理性牙科疾病的几率很高，而疾病模式与现代狗非常相似。发现了具有明显短头特征的狗。意义：这项试点研究首次使用标准化的临床检查和记录技术，从考古角度评估狗的牙齿健康状况。它提供了对罗马时代狗的牙齿健康的深入了解，并提供了可以启动跨人群研究的数据。局限性：考古遗址的样本量和地理位置有限。进一步研究的建议：建议进行后续的标准化研究，最好是在尽可能多的不同罗马帝国地区进行。

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引用次数: 0

Observer agreement on the morphology of porous cranial lesions: Results from a workshop at the 2019 meeting of the Paleopathology Association 观察者对多孔性颅骨损伤形态的一致意见：来自古病理学协会2019年会议的一个研讨会的结果。

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.006

Amy S. Anderson

Objective

This paper presents the results of a 2019 Paleopathology Association workshop that tested observer agreement on porous cranial lesion morphology and presence using multiple sets of existing guidelines for data collection.

Materials

Sixteen conference attendees of varying osteological experience served as observers. Three crania were assigned to each of four published guidelines for identifying and categorizing lesion morphology, for a total of twelve well-preserved human crania from the National Museum of Natural History Biological Anthropology Collections.

Methods

Observers assessed each cranium macroscopically according to its assigned set of guidelines.

Results

Observer concordance was higher using scoring guidelines with higher-quality photographs, such as the 2019 guidelines from Rinaldo and colleagues.

Conclusions

Data collection guidelines with high-quality color photos may support greater reliability of researcher-generated data on macroscopic skeletal features.

Significance

The conclusions of any research study are only as reliable as the data on which they are based. This work highlights the need for ongoing practices of quality control in a field in which much data results from individual judgement calls.

Limitations

Observer concordance is not a measure of observer accuracy. Sample size is insufficient to draw broadly generalizable conclusions on the reliability of data collected using the guidelines tested, and conference environments are not a facsimile of research settings.

Suggestions for further research

Iterative testing of methodological consistency using larger sample sizes and more non-pathological crania is advised to identify the factors that influence observer discordance and to improve guidelines for qualitative assessments.

目的：本文介绍了2019年古病理学协会研讨会的结果，该研讨会使用多套现有的数据收集指南测试了观察者对多孔性颅骨损伤形态和存在的一致性。材料：16名具有不同骨病经验的与会者作为观察员。在国家自然历史博物馆生物人类学收藏的12个保存完好的人类头骨中，四个已发表的损伤形态识别和分类指南中的每一个都分配了三个头骨。方法：观察者根据指定的一套指南对每个头骨进行宏观评估。结果：使用具有更高质量照片的评分指南，如Rinaldo及其同事的2019年指南，观察者的一致性更高。结论：高质量彩色照片的数据收集指南可以支持研究人员生成的宏观骨骼特征数据的更高可靠性。意义：任何研究的结论都只有与所依据的数据一样可靠。这项工作强调了在一个许多数据来自个人判断调用的领域中，需要进行持续的质量控制实践。局限性：观察者的一致性并不是衡量观察者准确性的标准。样本量不足以就使用测试指南收集的数据的可靠性得出广泛的结论，会议环境也不是研究环境的翻版。进一步研究的建议：建议使用更大的样本量和更多的非病理性颅骨对方法的一致性进行迭代测试，以确定影响观察者不一致的因素，并改进定性评估的指南。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanical stress in the urbanized Roman Phoenician coast 城市化的罗马腓尼基海岸的机械应力。

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.008

Mahmoud Mardini , Ali Badawi , Tania Zaven , Raffi Gergian , Efthymia Nikita

Objective

Skeletal populations from Byblos, Beirut, and Tyre were studied to assess mechanical stress along the Roman Phoenician coast.

Materials

The sample included 153 adult skeletons.

Methods

Skeletal remains were macroscopically assessed for osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc disease (IDD), and Schmorl’s nodes.

Results

The Byblos population experienced higher levels of mechanical stress than the Beirut and Tyre ones. Sex-based differences were also found in all skeletal assemblages with males likely engaging in physically more demanding tasks.

Conclusions

The variation in mechanical stress, and associated physically demanding tasks, between these populations can be attributed to their differing political and economic status during the Roman period; textual sources highlight the economic and political dominance of Beirut and Tyre, emanating from their status as coloniae.

Significance

This study represents one of the first attempts to investigate mechanical stress in coastal Phoenicia during the Roman period. It provides valuable insights into the biocultural structure of understudied communities at the periphery of the Roman world, and can serve as a basis for further future research into the occupational patterns of Phoenician communities.

Limitations

The contextual information for these skeletal populations is very limited and does not allow secure conclusions regarding their representativeness. The sample sizes are also rather small, especially when divided per sex and age.

Suggestions for Further Research

Further investigation employing complementary methods such as cross-sectional geometric properties and entheseal changes is needed to reconstruct the occupational patterns of these communities, taking into account cultural, environmental, and temporal factors.

目的：研究了比布鲁斯、贝鲁特和提尔的骨骼种群，以评估罗马腓尼基海岸的机械应力。材料：样本包括153具成人骨骼。方法：对骨骼残骸进行骨关节炎、椎间盘疾病（IDD）和Schmorl淋巴结的宏观评估。结果：Byblos人群经历的机械应力水平高于贝鲁特和提尔人群。在所有骨骼组合中也发现了基于性别的差异，男性可能从事体力要求更高的任务。结论：这些人群在机械应力和相关的体力要求任务方面的差异可归因于他们在罗马时期不同的政治和经济地位；文本来源强调了贝鲁特和提尔的经济和政治主导地位，源于他们作为殖民地的地位。意义：这项研究是研究罗马时期腓尼基沿海地区机械应力的首次尝试之一。它为罗马世界边缘研究不足的社区的生物文化结构提供了宝贵的见解，并可作为未来进一步研究腓尼基社区职业模式的基础。局限性：这些骨骼人群的背景信息非常有限，无法就其代表性得出可靠的结论。样本量也相当小，尤其是按性别和年龄划分时。进一步研究的建议：需要采用补充方法进行进一步调查，如截面几何特性和焓变化，以重建这些社区的职业模式，同时考虑文化、环境和时间因素。

{"title":"Mechanical stress in the urbanized Roman Phoenician coast","authors":"Mahmoud Mardini , Ali Badawi , Tania Zaven , Raffi Gergian , Efthymia Nikita","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Skeletal populations from Byblos, Beirut, and Tyre were studied to assess mechanical stress along the Roman Phoenician coast.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>The sample included 153 adult skeletons.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Skeletal remains were macroscopically assessed for osteoarthritis<span>, intervertebral disc disease (IDD), and Schmorl’s nodes.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The Byblos population experienced higher levels of mechanical stress than the Beirut and Tyre ones. Sex-based differences were also found in all skeletal assemblages with males likely engaging in physically more demanding tasks.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The variation in mechanical stress, and associated physically demanding tasks, between these populations can be attributed to their differing political and economic status during the Roman period; textual sources highlight the economic and political dominance of Beirut and Tyre, emanating from their status as <em>coloniae</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This study represents one of the first attempts to investigate mechanical stress in coastal Phoenicia during the Roman period. It provides valuable insights into the biocultural structure of understudied communities at the periphery of the Roman world, and can serve as a basis for further future research into the occupational patterns of Phoenician communities.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The contextual information for these skeletal populations is very limited and does not allow secure conclusions regarding their representativeness. The sample sizes are also rather small, especially when divided per sex and age.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for Further Research</h3><p>Further investigation employing complementary methods such as cross-sectional geometric properties and entheseal changes is needed to reconstruct the occupational patterns of these communities, taking into account cultural, environmental, and temporal factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 58-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41169302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A case of secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy from medieval Tuscany (central Italy, 10th-12th centuries CE) 一例来自中世纪托斯卡纳（意大利中部，公元10至12世纪）的继发性肥大性骨关节病。

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.004

Valentina Giuffra , Simona Minozzi , Giacomo Aringhieri , Stefano Campana , Giulia Riccomi

Objectives

This study aims to provide a detailed evaluation of a case of secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) and to explore insights into the presence and consequences of disease in medieval rural Italy.

Materials

The skeleton of a male (US 4405) with an estimated age at death of 51–69 years excavated from the medieval rural site of Pieve di Pava (Siena, Italy).

Methods

Macroscopic and radiological (x-ray, CT) analyses were performed.

Results

Symmetrical extensive periosteal new bone formation on the diaphyseal and metaphyseal regions of this individual’s long bones; the lower limbs were more extensively and severely affected than the upper limbs and the distal segments were more severely altered in comparison to the proximal ones.

Conclusions

The macroscopic and radiological features are highly consistent with a diagnosis of secondary HOA.

Significance

The excellent state of preservation allowed the evaluation of rarely noted skeletal manifestations of HOA and provided insight into aspects of rural life in medieval Italy.

Limitations

Molecular analysis was not successful in sequencing the aDNA of tuberculosis, therefore the underlying primary cause of secondary HOA, whether pulmonary or extrapulmonary, remains obscure in this case.

Suggestion for the future research

It is advisable to regularly revisit the data available from osteoarchaeological collections in order to identify further cases of HOA, along with to further investigate the known cases to search for the underlying primary disease.

目的：本研究旨在对一例继发性肥大性骨关节病（HOA）进行详细评估，并探讨该疾病在意大利中世纪农村的存在和后果。材料：从意大利锡耶纳Pieve di Pava中世纪农村遗址挖掘的一具男性（US 4405）的骨骼，估计死亡年龄为51-69岁。方法：宏观和进行放射学（x射线、CT）分析。结果：在该个体长骨的骨干和干骺端区域形成对称的广泛骨膜新骨；下肢受到的影响比上肢更广泛、更严重，远端节段与近端节段相比变化更严重。结论：宏观和放射学特征与继发性HOA的诊断高度一致。意义：良好的保存状态使人们能够评估罕见的HOA骨骼表现，并深入了解中世纪意大利农村生活的各个方面。局限性：分子分析未能成功测序肺结核的aDNA，因此，继发性HOA的根本原因，无论是肺还是肺外，在这种情况下仍然不清楚。对未来研究的建议：建议定期重新访问骨考古收集的数据，以确定更多的HOA病例，同时进一步调查已知病例，寻找潜在的原发性疾病。

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引用次数: 0

Implications of the prevalence of Ascaris sp. in the funerary context of a Late Antique population (5th-7th c.) in Granada (Spain) 格拉纳达（西班牙）古代晚期人群（公元前5至7世纪）葬礼中蛔虫流行的意义。

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.002

Ramón López-Gijón , Edgard Camarós , Ángel Rubio-Salvador , Salvatore Duras , Miguel C. Botella-López , Inmaculada Alemán-Aguilera , Ángel Rodríguez-Aguilera , Macarena Bustamante-Álvarez , Lydia P. Sánchez-Barba , Benjamin Dufour , Matthieu Le Bailly

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in human remains from Late Antiquity (5th – 7th c.) Granada (Spain).

Materials

The study included pelvic and cranial control samples from 17 skeletons from the archaeological sites of Los Mondragones (n = 13) and Rafael Guillén (n = 4).

Methods

In the paleoparasitological study, soil samples from pelvic area and cranium were analyzed using the rehydration, homogenization, and micro-sieving method and visualization under brightfield microscopy.

Results

Ascaris sp. eggs were detected in pelvic samples from seven individuals.

Conclusions

These findings may indicate that this parasite was endemic. Its detection frequency is one of the highest reported at group level in an osteological series from Late Antiquity.

Significance

The prevalence of Ascaris sp. associated with skeletal remains has implications for assessing the lifestyle and health of populations in southern Spain during the Late Antique period.

Limitations

The number of individuals is small and taphonomic processes could have limited paleoparasitological findings

Suggestions for further research

Future interdisciplinary studies of this type are warranted in larger osteological series to improve knowledge of parasitosis in the past.

目的：评估格拉纳达（西班牙）古晚期（公元前5-7世纪）人类遗骸中胃肠道寄生虫的患病率。材料：本研究包括来自Los Mondragones（n=13）和Rafael Guillén（n=4）考古遗址的17具骨骼的骨盆和颅骨对照样本。方法：在古寄生虫学研究中，采用复水、均质、微筛等方法对骨盆和颅骨的土壤样品进行了分析，并在明视野显微镜下进行了可视化。结果：在7个个体的盆腔标本中检测到蛔虫卵。结论：这些发现可能表明这种寄生虫是地方性的。其检测频率是古代晚期骨病学系列中群体水平最高的报告之一。意义：与骨骼遗骸相关的蛔虫的流行率对评估古代晚期西班牙南部人群的生活方式和健康状况具有重要意义。局限性：个体数量较少，埋藏过程可能限制了古寄生虫学的发现。进一步研究的建议：未来这类跨学科研究需要在更大的骨学系列中进行，以提高对过去寄生虫病的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Trepanations in non-adults of the 16th to 18th C. The osteological series of the Church of the Assumption of Valdepeñas (Ciudad Real, Spain) 16至18世纪非成年人的Trepanations。瓦尔迪佩尼亚斯圣母升天教堂的骨学系列（西班牙皇家城）。

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.005

Á. Rubio Salvador , L.P. Sánchez-Barba , J. Úbeda-Portugués , A. Martín-Prats , J. Vélez , J. Irurita , I. Alemán

Objective

To investigate the presence of trepanations in an early Modern Age, skeletal collection documented in medical treatises but infrequently reported in osteological collections.

Materials

Analyses were conducted on 387 non-adult crania from the ossuary in the church of the Assumption of Valdepeñas (16th - 18th C.), Ciudad Real, Spain.

Methods

All complete or semi-complete crania of non-adults (aged 3–20 years) were macroscopically examined.

Results

Trepanation was detected in two adolescents aged 14 and 20 years; no evidence of their survival was observed.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that trepanation was carried out in rural areas as Valdepeñas in the 16th-18th centuries, where the selection of instruments indicates knowledge of contemporaneous medical treatises.

Significance

The present study provides new data on trepanation and how it was performed in adolescents during this period.

Limitations

Understanding the motive for these interventions is highly challenging in the absence of bone lesions, and their occurrence is likely underestimated due to the scant research in skeletal remains from the early Modern Age.

Suggestions for future research

Further palaeopathological analyses of osteological collections from this period will provide more information about how this surgical technique was perfected.

目的：研究现代早期是否存在钻孔，医学论文中记录了骨骼采集，但骨学文献中很少报道。材料：对西班牙皇家城瓦尔迪佩尼亚斯圣母升天教堂（公元16-18世纪）骨库中387个非成年颅骨进行了分析。方法：对所有非成年（3-20岁）的完整或半完整颅骨进行宏观检查。结果：两名年龄分别为14岁和20岁的青少年出现Trepanation；没有观察到它们存活的证据。结论：这些发现表明，16至18世纪，钻孔术在瓦尔迪佩尼亚斯的农村地区进行，在那里，仪器的选择表明了对同时代医学论文的了解。意义：本研究提供了关于钻孔术的新数据，以及在此期间如何在青少年中进行钻孔术。局限性：在没有骨损伤的情况下，了解这些干预措施的动机是非常具有挑战性的，由于对现代早期骨骼遗骸的研究不足，它们的发生可能被低估了。对未来研究的建议：对这一时期的骨骼标本进行进一步的古病理学分析，将提供更多关于这一手术技术是如何完善的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Differential diagnosis of a calcified object from the South Tombs Cemetery at Amarna, Egypt 对埃及阿玛纳南陵公墓钙化物的鉴别诊断。

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.001

Gretchen R. Dabbs

Objective

This paper provides a brief history of the publication of calcified biological objects and presents one that was present in the grave associated with a mature adult female buried in the South Tombs Cemetery at Amarna, Egypt (c. 1353–1332BCE).

Methods

Macroscopic examination revealed an ovoid object constructed of concentric layers of a coarse sand-like material oriented around a dense core that lacked evidence of parasites. Microscopic examination revealed the object is composed of densely, yet haphazardly packed, elongated octahedron shaped crystals with no evidence of cellular structures. Basic chemical analysis eliminated calcium carbonate as a constituent material.

Results

Based on comparison with previously published examples from the archaeological and clinical literature and careful differential diagnosis, it is suggested this object is a bladder stone.

Significance

A brief discussion of the implications of bladder stones on individual health and broader epidemiological constraints to illustrate the depth such discoveries can bring to our understanding of ancient lived experience concludes the work.

Limitations

The burial of Ind. 286 was disturbed. The identification of a bladder stone presumes the stone would have been found within the pelvic cavity, which cannot be confirmed. Other graves in the vicinity of this grave were also disturbed. It is unlikely, but still possible, that the stone originated from another grave and was relocated to this grave after disturbance. Full chemical analysis was not possible.

Suggestions for future research

Radiographic and chemical analysis would provide more information to strengthen the certainty of the differential diagnosis.

目的：本文介绍了钙化生物制品的出版简史，并介绍了一个与埋葬在阿玛纳南陵公墓的一名成年女性有关的坟墓中的钙化生物制品，埃及（公元前1353-1332年）。方法：宏观检查显示，一个卵形物体由粗砂状材料的同心层组成，围绕着一个密集的核心，缺乏寄生虫的证据。显微镜检查显示，该物体由密集但随意堆积的细长八面体晶体组成，没有细胞结构的证据。基本化学分析排除了碳酸钙作为组成材料的成分。结果：根据与考古和临床文献中先前发表的例子的比较以及仔细的鉴别诊断，认为该物体是膀胱结石。意义：简要讨论膀胱结石对个人健康的影响和更广泛的流行病学限制，以说明这些发现可以为我们理解古代生活经验带来的深度，这项工作就此结束。限制：印第286号的埋葬受到了干扰。膀胱结石的鉴定表明，结石可能是在盆腔内发现的，但这一点无法得到证实。这座坟墓附近的其他坟墓也受到干扰。这块石头不太可能，但仍然有可能来自另一个坟墓，并在骚乱后被转移到这个坟墓。无法进行全面的化学分析。对未来研究的建议：放射学和化学分析将提供更多信息，以加强鉴别诊断的确定性。

{"title":"Differential diagnosis of a calcified object from the South Tombs Cemetery at Amarna, Egypt","authors":"Gretchen R. Dabbs","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This paper provides a brief history of the publication of calcified biological objects and presents one that was present in the grave associated with a mature adult female buried in the South Tombs Cemetery at Amarna, Egypt (c. 1353–1332BCE).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>Macroscopic examination revealed an ovoid object constructed of concentric layers of a coarse sand-like material oriented around a dense core that lacked evidence of parasites. Microscopic examination revealed the object is composed of densely, yet haphazardly packed, elongated octahedron shaped crystals with no evidence of cellular structures. Basic chemical analysis eliminated </span>calcium carbonate as a constituent material.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Based on comparison with previously published examples from the archaeological and clinical literature and careful differential diagnosis, it is suggested this object is a bladder stone.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>A brief discussion of the implications of bladder stones on individual health and broader epidemiological constraints to illustrate the depth such discoveries can bring to our understanding of ancient lived experience concludes the work.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The burial of Ind. 286 was disturbed. The identification of a bladder stone presumes the stone would have been found within the pelvic cavity, which cannot be confirmed. Other graves in the vicinity of this grave were also disturbed. It is unlikely, but still possible, that the stone originated from another grave and was relocated to this grave after disturbance. Full chemical analysis was not possible.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for future research</h3><p>Radiographic and chemical analysis would provide more information to strengthen the certainty of the differential diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"43 ","pages":"Pages 31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41126097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New paleopathological findings from the Quaternary of the Brazilian Intertropical Region expand the distribution of joint diseases for the South American megafauna 来自巴西热带地区第四纪的新古病理学发现扩大了南美巨型动物关节疾病的分布

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.08.002

Rodolfo C. da Silva , Fernando H. de S. Barbosa , Kleberson de O. Porpino

Objective

To evaluate pathological changes in fossils from the Brazilian Intertropical Region (BIR), expanding the records of previously reported diseases for representatives of the Quaternary South American megafauna, including taxa not studied in previous works.

Materials and methods

We carried out a thorough macroscopic analysis of fifteen unpublished specimens belonging to representatives of the Quaternary megafauna of BIR to identify evidence of pathological alterations.

Results

Alterations included: osteophytes in Toxodontidae, Megatheridae and E. laurillardi; rough subchondral bone, bone overgrowth and bone erosion in E. laurillardi; slit-shaped subchondral depressions in Equidae and E. laurillardi; and a triangular-shaped porous lesion in Mylodontidae.

Conclusions

The alterations found allowed the recognition of the first cases of osteoarthritis for Toxodontidae and articular depressions for Equidae, and new cases of both diseases in Eremotherium laurillardi; a new case of osteochondritis dissecans for Mylodontidae; potential new cases of calcium pyrophosphate deposition and spondyloarthropathy for E. laurillardi

Significance

Our results provide additional evidence that calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease was widely spread among species of the South American megafauna and suggest that osteochondritis dissecans may have been relatively common among ground sloths.

Limitations

The identification of calcium pyrophosphate deposition and spondyloarthropathy in E. laurillardi are quite tentative because the evidence found is ambiguous and the number of examined specimens is limited.

目的评价巴西热带地区(BIR)化石的病理变化，扩大先前报道的南美第四纪巨型动物代表动物的疾病记录，包括以前未研究过的分类群。材料和方法我们对15个属于BIR第四纪巨型动物代表的未发表标本进行了全面的宏观分析，以确定病理改变的证据。结果变异包括:弓形虫科、大蠓科和月桂蠓;软骨下骨粗糙、骨过度生长和骨侵蚀;马科和月桂科的裂隙状软骨下凹陷;以及齿牙科的三角形多孔病变。结论所发现的变异可识别弓形虫科骨关节炎的首次病例和马科关节凹陷的病例，以及月桂毛螨这两种疾病的新病例;髓齿科夹层性骨软骨炎1例我们的研究结果提供了额外的证据，证明焦磷酸钙沉积病在南美巨型动物物种中广泛传播，并表明解剖性骨软骨炎可能在地懒中相对常见。由于所发现的证据不明确，且检查标本数量有限，因此对月牙鼠焦磷酸钙沉积和脊椎关节病的鉴定还很不确定。

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引用次数: 0