International Journal of Paleopathology最新文献_第5页

The pathology of sacrifice: Dogs from an early Roman ‘ritual’ shaft in southern England 献祭的病理：狗从早期罗马“仪式”轴在英格兰南部

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.005

Ellen Green

Objective

To investigate the health of a large assemblage of Romano-British dogs recovered from the first century CE ritual shaft on the Nescot site in Surrey, England.

Materials

5463 dog bones comprising an MNI of 140 individuals.

Methods

Bone fragments were visually inspected for pathology. In the case of suspected fractures, radiographic images were taken.

Results

Lesions were observed in 2.26 % of skeletal remains and 14.06 % of dentition.

Conclusions

The Nescot dogs have similar rates of skeletal pathology to those recovered from other ‘ritual’ or cemetery contexts but lower rates than those recovered from Romano-British urban contexts.

Significance

Nescot represents one of the largest dog assemblages recovered from a ritual context and thus is a valuable for investigating the treatment of dogs. This study has highlighted the importance of standardised recording and quantification of pathology in zooarchaeology, as well as the importance of specialist involvement during excavation.

Limitations

Limited recording at excavation level and the disarticulated nature of the bone limited examination at an ‘individual’ level. This made comparisons with other Romano-British sites challenging. No comparative data was available to assess the rates of dental pathology.

Suggestions for further research

Given that the majority of zooarchaeological assemblages are disarticulated, the use of prevalence rates by element would greatly expand the amount of comparative data available.

目的调查在英国萨里郡Nescot遗址发现的公元1世纪仪式竖井中大量罗马-英国犬群的健康状况。材料：5463块狗骨组成一个140个人的MNI。方法采用目测法对骨碎片进行病理检查。在疑似骨折的情况下，拍摄x线照片。结果2.26% %的骨骸和14.06% %的牙列出现病变。结论：Nescot犬的骨骼病理发生率与从其他“仪式”或墓地环境中恢复的犬相似，但低于从罗马-英国城市环境中恢复的犬。escot代表了从仪式背景中恢复的最大的狗群之一，因此对研究狗的治疗有价值。这项研究强调了动物考古学中病理学标准化记录和量化的重要性，以及专家参与挖掘的重要性。局限性：在挖掘水平的有限记录和骨的断裂性质限制了在“个人”水平的检查。这使得与其他罗马-英国遗址的比较具有挑战性。没有比较数据可用来评估牙科病理的比率。进一步研究的建议考虑到大多数动物考古组合是分离的，按元素使用流行率将大大扩大可用的比较数据的数量。

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引用次数: 0

A historical case of Eagle’s syndrome from the Constantine-Helena Church, Niğde, Türkiye 鹰综合症的历史案例从君士坦丁-海伦娜教堂，Niğde, trkiye

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.001

Gülfem Uysal , Benjamin Irvine , Kameray Özdemir

Objective

To evaluate a case of elongated styloid processes in an individual from a Byzantine burial.

Materials

One well preserved adult human skeleton dated to the 7th-9th centuries buried within the church of Constantine-Helena near Niğde in the Cappadocia region of Anatolia.

Methods

Macroscopic and metric analysis using a digital sliding calliper, enhanced and complemented by a Multi-Detector Computer Tomography scan of the cranium.

Results

Individual was estimated to be an old adult male. Total lengths of the left styloid process were 79.0 mm using a calliper and 78.7 mm based on computerised digital measurement. The right styloid process measured 73.0 mm using a calliper and 75.5 mm based on computerised digital measurement.

Conclusions

Bilateral elongation of the styloid processes and Eagle’s syndrome were confirmed based on the lengths of the styloid processes greater than the normal range. The most consistent aetiology of the condition in this instance is anatomic variance.

Significance

Recognising the presence of Eagle Syndrome in the past provides insight into population dynamics and potentially the evolution of this condition.

Limitations

Only a single individual was evaluated without aDNA analysis.

Suggestions for further research

Further analysis and review of skeletal populations, using standardised methods and modern imaging techniques, to identify this condition geographically and chronologically.

目的评价一个拜占庭墓葬中出现的茎突拉长的病例。在安纳托利亚卡帕多西亚地区Niğde附近的君士坦丁-海伦娜教堂里，一具保存完好的成人骨骼可以追溯到7 -9世纪。方法采用数字滑动卡尺进行宏观和计量分析，并辅以多探测器计算机断层扫描。结果个体估计为一名老年成年男性。用卡尺测量左茎突总长度为79.0 mm，计算机数字测量为78.7 mm。右侧茎突用卡尺测量73.0 mm，用计算机数字测量75.5 mm。结论以茎突长度大于正常范围为基础，证实了双侧茎突延长和Eagle综合征。在这种情况下，最一致的病因是解剖变异。在过去认识到鹰综合征的存在提供了对种群动态和这种情况的潜在演变的洞察。仅对单个个体进行了评估，未进行aDNA分析。对骨骼种群的进一步分析和回顾，使用标准化方法和现代成像技术，从地理和时间上确定这种情况。

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引用次数: 0

Spavin in modern and archaeological cattle: Reassessing its association with traction use 西班牙在现代和考古牛：重新评估其与牵引使用的关系

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.003

Phoebe Liu , Lenny Salvagno , Umberto Albarella

Objective

To investigate the correlations of biological factors, including age, body size, and sex, with the occurrence of spavin, demonstrating that using spavin to indicate cattle use for draught work from archaeological sites is questionable.

Materials

Metatarsals from 126 modern non-draught cattle kept under similar conditions, along with published data of 18 draught oxen.

Results

This study demonstrates that spavin strongly correlates with age, body weight, and to some extent, restricted movement, with no observed correlation with sex in non-draught cattle. No significant difference in spavin prevalence was found between the draught and non-draught groups.

Conclusions

Age, body weight, and potentially restricted movement, may partly explain the higher frequency of spavin observed in historic times compared to prehistory, reflecting changes in livestock management. The potential influence of traction on spavin should not be ignored, but this paper argues that the connection between spavin and draught use is primarily mediated by age and other factors.

Significance

This study presents the first systematic analysis of one of the most frequently described palaeopathology in cattle, suggesting that spavin should not be uncritically used to identify draught cattle.

Limitation

We have not found a significant relationship between sex and spavin occurrence, but this is worth further exploration.

Suggestions for further research

Sexing pathological metatarsals from archaeological sites in future works could contribute to clarifying the causes of spavin.

目的探讨年龄、体型和性别等生物因素与西班牙语发生的相关性，证明用西班牙语来表示考古遗址的役畜用途是值得怀疑的。资料：在类似条件下饲养的126头现代非役用牛的跖骨，以及已发表的18头役用牛的数据。结果本研究表明，在非役畜中，西班牙语与年龄、体重以及在一定程度上限制运动密切相关，而与性别没有观察到相关性。在干旱组和非干旱组之间，西班牙患病率没有显著差异。结论：体重、体重和潜在的活动受限可能部分解释了历史时期与史前相比西班牙语发生频率更高的原因，反映了牲畜管理的变化。牵引力对西班牙语的潜在影响不容忽视，但本文认为西班牙语与牵引力之间的联系主要是由年龄和其他因素介导的。意义本研究首次对牛中最常见的古病理学之一进行了系统分析，表明不应不加批判地使用西班牙语来识别旱牛。我们尚未发现性别与西班牙语发生之间的显著关系，但这值得进一步探索。进一步研究的建议：在今后的工作中，对考古遗址的病理跖骨进行性别鉴定将有助于弄清西班牙的原因。

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引用次数: 0

A comparative approach to bony changes in maxillary and frontal sinuses as indicators of upper respiratory health 上颌窦和额窦骨变化作为上呼吸道健康指标的比较研究

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.004

Jeannette Becker , Sylvia Kirchengast

Objective

The central aspect of this study is to provide a detailed comparison of bony changes in the maxillary and frontal sinuses in human skeletal remains in an effort to assist researchers record lesions and assist with potential diagnoses.

Materials

198 adult human remains from a medieval Avar population from Vienna, Austria.

Methods

Analysis of bony changes using an endoscopic multifunctional camera with an ultra-small lens and adjustable LED lights.

Results

Most common findings in both the maxillary and frontal sinuses are “pitting” and “white pitted bone”. However, significant differences between the maxillary and frontal sinuses regarding the frequency and variation of bony lesions exist.

Conclusion

The maxillary sinuses exhibited significantly greater prevalence of bony changes compared to the frontal sinuses but frontal sinuses, which generally are less frequently affected by inflammatory, malignant, or benign lesions, may ultimately provide more informative insights in paleopathological studies concerning the health of the upper airways than the maxillary sinuses.

Significance

Considering that most paleopathological studies on paranasal sinuses focus primarily on the maxillary sinuses, this study provides comparative data on the diversity of bony changes found in the frontal sinuses as a means to assist paleopathological recording and potentially eventual diagnosis.

Limitations

The lack of knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying individual bony features complicates interpretation, particularly in paleopathological studies.

Suggestions for further research

A further examination of all paranasal sinuses (including the sphenoid sinuses and ethmoidal cells) is recommended.

目的本研究的核心内容是提供人类骨骼遗骸中上颌窦和额窦骨骼变化的详细比较，以帮助研究人员记录病变并协助潜在的诊断。来自奥地利维也纳的中世纪阿瓦尔人的198具成人遗骸。方法采用可调LED灯、超小镜头多功能内窥镜对骨变化进行分析。结果上颌窦和额窦最常见的表现是“凹陷骨”和“白色凹陷骨”。然而，上颌窦和额窦在骨病变的频率和变化方面存在显著差异。结论与额窦相比，上颌窦骨变化的发生率明显更高，但额窦通常较少受到炎症、恶性或良性病变的影响，最终可能比上颌窦在有关上呼吸道健康的古病理学研究中提供更多信息。考虑到大多数关于鼻窦的古病理学研究主要集中在上颌窦，本研究提供了额窦骨变化多样性的比较数据，作为辅助古病理学记录和潜在的最终诊断的手段。对个体骨骼特征的病理生理机制的缺乏使解释复杂化，特别是在古病理学研究中。建议进一步检查所有鼻窦（包括蝶窦和筛细胞）。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-level spondylolysis at Egiin Gol: A case from Xiongnu period Mongolia 蒙古匈奴时期额济纳河多层次峡部裂1例

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.002

Angela R. Lieverse , Iderkhangai Tumur-Ochir , Orgilbayar Samdantsoodol , Tatiana Nomokonova , Robert Losey

Objective

This paper presents and discusses the aetiology of an extreme case of multi-level spondylolysis with unique presentation.

Materials

The affected individual is an adult male from Xiongnu period (209 BCE to 93 CE) Egiin Gol, northern Mongolia.

Methods

Analyses were limited to macroscopic and non-invasive methods.

Results

Seven complete spondylolytic clefts were documented on four vertebrae between T12 and L4, with only one located on L4, where most cases of spondylolysis occur, and four defects had atypical morphology. Evidence of spondylolisthesis was also observed.

Conclusions

Congenital susceptibility to spondylolysis, combined with a physically demanding lifestyle, likely account for the condition’s unusual manifestation.

Significance

The significance of this case its severity (one of the most extreme documented from archaeological contexts) and unusual presentation (location of the clefts and their atypical morphology).

Limitations

Only a small sample (< 30) of Xiongnu period human remains were available for comparison.

Suggestions for further research

Interpretations from this case study would benefit from a more extensive analysis of spondylolysis, biomechanical stress, and acute trauma on the nomadic pastoral populations of northern Mongolia, including those pre-dating and post-dating the Xiongnu.

目的介绍并讨论一例具有独特表现的多椎体峡裂的极端病例的病因。研究对象为蒙古北部埃金戈尔匈奴时期（公元前209年至公元93年）的一名成年男性。方法采用宏观和非侵入性方法进行分析。结果在T12 ~ L4之间的4个椎体上记录了7例完全性峡裂，其中仅1例位于L4，大部分发生峡裂，4例缺损形态不典型。还观察到椎体滑脱的证据。结论先天性峡部裂易感性，加上高体力要求的生活方式，可能是导致该疾病不寻常表现的原因。该病例的重要性在于其严重程度（考古文献记载的最极端之一）和不寻常的表现（裂缝的位置及其非典型形态）。局限性：只有一小部分匈奴时期的人类遗骸样本（<； 30）可供比较。对进一步研究的建议和本案例研究的解释将受益于对蒙古北部游牧民族的脊柱裂、生物力学应力和急性创伤的更广泛的分析，包括那些追溯到匈奴之前和之后的人。

{"title":"Multi-level spondylolysis at Egiin Gol: A case from Xiongnu period Mongolia","authors":"Angela R. Lieverse , Iderkhangai Tumur-Ochir , Orgilbayar Samdantsoodol , Tatiana Nomokonova , Robert Losey","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This paper presents and discusses the aetiology of an extreme case of multi-level spondylolysis with unique presentation.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>The affected individual is an adult male from Xiongnu period (209 BCE to 93 CE) Egiin Gol, northern Mongolia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Analyses were limited to macroscopic and non-invasive methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven complete spondylolytic clefts were documented on four vertebrae between T12 and L4, with only one located on L4, where most cases of spondylolysis occur, and four defects had atypical morphology. Evidence of spondylolisthesis was also observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Congenital susceptibility to spondylolysis, combined with a physically demanding lifestyle, likely account for the condition’s unusual manifestation.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The significance of this case its severity (one of the most extreme documented from archaeological contexts) and unusual presentation (location of the clefts and their atypical morphology).</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Only a small sample (< 30) of Xiongnu period human remains were available for comparison.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>Interpretations from this case study would benefit from a more extensive analysis of spondylolysis, biomechanical stress, and acute trauma on the nomadic pastoral populations of northern Mongolia, including those pre-dating and post-dating the Xiongnu.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Schmorl’s nodes in two 19th-20th century Spanish osteological collections from Valladolid and Granada 来自巴利亚多利德和格拉纳达的两个19 -20世纪西班牙骨学收藏品中的Schmorl淋巴结。

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.01.001

Marcos Plischuk , Gonzalo Garizoain , Rocío García Mancuso

Objective

This study examines how age at death, sex, and socio-historical context relate to the frequency, location, and severity of Schmorl’s nodes.

Materials

The sample comprised thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of 192 skeletons from two contemporary documented osteological collections from Spain, in Valladolid and Granada, both of which contain individuals who died during the second half of the 20th century.

Methods

Schmorl’s nodes were recorded on the superior and inferior surfaces of vertebral bodies and their location was categorized in one of three areas: center, canal, and periphery.

Results

The prevalence of Schmorl’s nodes was 57.42 % for the Valladolid collection and 67.39 % for Granada, with no significant differences between collections. Statistically significant differences were found between the sexes, but age at death did not correlate with the presence of the lesion.

Conclusions

This analysis supports the absence of a direct relationship between the pathology and the aging process, but shows a greater predisposition in male individuals, suggesting that vertebral morphology and/or physical activity might be key etiological factors.

Significance

This research enhances our understanding of the etiology of Schmorl's nodes by highlighting sex as a key variable and suggesting a lack of association with age.

Limitations

The absence of data on occupational activity prevents correlating this variable with the presence of Schmorl’s nodes.

Suggestions for further research

Conduct studies on geometric morphometric data to corroborate the evolutionary hypothesis proposed by other authors.

目的：本研究探讨死亡年龄、性别和社会历史背景与Schmorl淋巴结的发生频率、位置和严重程度的关系。材料：该样本包括来自西班牙巴利亚多利德和格拉纳达两处当代记录的骨骼收藏的192具骨骼的胸椎和腰椎，这两处收藏都包含了20世纪下半叶死亡的个体。方法：记录椎体上下表面的Schmorl淋巴结，并将其定位于中心、椎管和外周三个区域之一。结果：巴利亚多利德收集的施莫尔淋巴结患病率为57.42 %，格拉纳达收集的患病率为67.39 %，收集之间无显著差异。在性别之间发现了统计学上的显著差异，但死亡年龄与病变的存在无关。结论：该分析支持病理与衰老过程之间没有直接关系，但显示男性个体更容易出现这种情况，这表明椎体形态和/或身体活动可能是关键的病因。意义：本研究通过强调性别是一个关键变量，并提示缺乏与年龄的关联，增强了我们对Schmorl淋巴结病因学的理解。局限性：缺乏职业活动的数据，无法将该变量与Schmorl淋巴结的存在相关联。进一步研究建议：对几何形态计量学数据进行研究，以证实其他作者提出的进化假说。

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引用次数: 0

An ‘Index of Oro-dental Disease’: A holistic method for understanding the impacts of different risk factors on oral health in archaeological populations “口腔-牙病指数”：了解不同危险因素对考古人群口腔健康影响的整体方法

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.12.001

Anna M. Davies-Barrett , Richard Holliday , Nicholas S. Jakubovics , Sarah A. Inskip

Objective

To gain a more holistic understanding of oral health in the past by producing an ‘Index of Oro-dental Disease’ (IOD), incorporating multiple oro-dental diseases and accounting for differences in antemortem/postmortem alveolar bone and tooth loss.

Materials

UK Adult Dental Health Survey, 2009 anonymised dataset (N = 6206). Archaeological dental data from skeletal individuals from medieval and post-medieval Barton-upon-Humber, North Lincolnshire (N = 214, 1150–1855) and St James’s Gardens Burial Ground, London (N = 281, 1789–1853).

Methods

Creation of a formula for the production of index values. Application of the formula to clinical, ‘mock archaeological’, and archaeological datasets.

Results

Patterns in mean IOD values within different groups were identifiable regardless of preservation. It was possible to identify potential differences between IOD scores related to aging, tobacco consumption, geographical location, and time period.

Conclusions

Innovative use of modern clinical data and the production of ‘mock archaeological’ datasets provides validation of the IOD method. The approach may be useful for understanding the impact of different risk factors on oral health in the past, whilst also accounting for missing data and increasing comparability between groups.

Significance

Allows for the investigation of risk factors that affect overall oral health but manifest in different ways in different individuals, whilst also producing larger sample sizes.

Limitations

Impacts of age and posterior/anterior site positioning within the mouth suggest a careful consideration of age distribution and preservation of samples is required.

Future research

Future adaption and testing of the method on a greater range of population groups and different variables/risk factors for oro-dental disease.

目的通过编制“口腔-牙齿疾病指数”（IOD），综合多种口腔-牙齿疾病，并考虑死前/死后牙槽骨和牙齿脱落的差异，从而更全面地了解过去的口腔健康状况。资料suk成人牙齿健康调查，2009年匿名数据集（N = 6206）。考古牙齿数据来自中世纪和后中世纪亨伯河畔巴顿，北林肯郡（N = 214,1150 - 1855）和伦敦圣詹姆斯花园墓地（N = 281,1789 - 1853）的骨骼个体。方法建立一个公式，用于生产指标值。将公式应用于临床、“模拟考古”和考古数据集。结果无论保存与否，不同组内平均IOD值的变化规律均可识别。有可能确定与年龄、烟草消费、地理位置和时间段相关的IOD评分之间的潜在差异。现代临床数据的创新使用和“模拟考古”数据集的产生为IOD方法提供了验证。该方法可能有助于了解过去不同风险因素对口腔健康的影响，同时也可以解释缺失的数据并增加组间的可比性。意义允许调查影响整体口腔健康的风险因素，但在不同的个体中以不同的方式表现出来，同时也产生了更大的样本量。限制年龄和口腔内后/前位置的影响表明需要仔细考虑年龄分布和样品的保存。未来的研究该方法在更大范围的人群和不同的变量/口腔-牙病风险因素上的未来适应和测试。

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引用次数: 0

A case of enlarged parietal foramina or foramina parietalia permagna in an individual from the Chinchorro Culture of northern Chile (4000 BP) 智利北部 Chinchorro 文化（公元前 4000 年）中的一例顶孔或顶孔扩大症。

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.004

Vivien G. Standen , Susana Monsalve , Bernardo Arriaza , John Verano , Mario Rivera

Objective

The goal of this study was to analyze and differentially diagnose the presence of two large holes noted in the parietal bones of an individual and the presence of traumatic lesions.

Materials

A partially mummified young adult female associated with the Chinchorro culture, 4000 BP, from the coast of the Atacama Desert (northern Chile).

Methods

The bone lesions were evaluated macroscopically and radiologically. In addition, Sr isotopic analyses were performed on 62 individuals from eight sites associated with the Chinchorro culture.

Results

The parietal orifices are compatible with a rare anomaly of genetic origin known as foramina parietalia permagna (FPP). In addition, the cranial fracture pattern appear compatible with perimortem trauma, and Sr isotopes indicate a marine signal for Chinchorro populations.

Conclusions

This case serves as evidence that FPP was present in the early Andean populations and that endogamy and mutagenic factors might have contributed to its presence.

Significance

This paper expands our knowledge of the genetic anomalies that affected past populations and may contribute to our understanding of the etiologies of the condition.

Limitations

The absence of comparative FPP data inhibits comparative studies (with the exception of cases from California, USA).

Suggestions for future research

To explore in depth the genetic component of this condition in the Chinchorro populations.

目的：本研究的目的是分析和鉴别诊断个体顶骨中两个大洞的存在和创伤性病变的存在。资料：一具部分木乃伊化的年轻成年女性，与距今4000年前的钦克洛文化有关，发现于阿塔卡马沙漠海岸（智利北部）。方法：对骨病变进行宏观和影像学检查。此外，对来自8个与Chinchorro文化有关的地点的62个个体进行了Sr同位素分析。结果：顶骨孔与一种罕见的遗传来源异常称为顶骨孔（FPP）相容。此外，颅骨骨折模式似乎与死前创伤相一致，Sr同位素显示了Chinchorro种群的海洋信号。结论：本病例证明FPP在安第斯山脉早期人群中存在，内婚制和诱变因素可能促成了FPP的存在。意义：本文扩展了我们对影响过去人群的遗传异常的知识，并可能有助于我们对该病病因的理解。局限性：缺乏比较FPP数据限制了比较研究（美国加利福尼亚州的病例除外）。未来研究的建议：深入探索这种疾病在Chinchorro人群中的遗传成分。

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引用次数: 0

Tracing Leprosy: The paleopathological study of the individuals excavated from the Sant Llàtzer leprosarium in Barcelona, Spain (12th-18th c.) 麻风病追踪：西班牙巴塞罗那Sant Llàtzer麻风病馆出土个体的古病理学研究（公元12 -18年）。

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.005

Núria Montes , Clara Jáuregui , Rosa Dinarès , Vanesa Triay , Andrea Fernández-Vilela , Jordi Ruiz , M. Eulàlia Subirà , Maria Fontanals-Coll

Objective

Our objectives are twofold: to analyse the frequency of leprosy-related pathological lesions in the cemetery of Sant Llàtzer Hospital (12th-18th c.); and to examine how individuals affected by the disease were perceived and integrated into society during that period in Barcelona.

Materials

The skeletal remains of 87 individuals recovered from the cemetery.

Methods

All remains were analysed macroscopically and, when required, radiographed.

Results

Of the total number of individuals (n=87), 21 (24.1 %) showed evidence indicative of leprosy. Notably, the frequency of leprosy cases was lower in the 13th-15th c. (10 %; n = 50), the only period for which multi-person graves were documented.

Conclusions

The frequency of leprosy-related lesions in Sant Llàtzer is similar to that observed in other European Christian leprosaria, although it varies across the centuries. There is no funerary evidence that leprosy sufferers were treated differently than other citizens.

Significance

The cemetery of Sant Llàtzer, the first in Spain directly linked to a leprosarium, uniquely spans a significant period of activity. Its exceptionally preserved remains and rich records have offered unparalleled insight into the disease and its profound social implications.

Limitations

Leprosy affects the bone in only a small percentage of untreated cases. Moreover, poor preservation of skeletal remains may prevent diagnosis.

Suggestions for Further Research

Biochemistry, genomics, and proteomics might provide new insights into the disease, the origin and migrations of the individuals buried in Sant Llàtzer, as well as other aspects of their daily lives.

目的：我们的目的有两个：分析Sant Llàtzer医院墓地（12 -18世纪）麻风相关病理病变的频率；并研究在巴塞罗那，人们是如何看待受这种疾病影响的个人并将其融入社会的。材料：从墓地中发现的87具遗骸。方法：对所有遗骸进行宏观分析，必要时进行x线摄影。结果：总人数（n=87）， 21（24.1% %）显示麻风迹象。值得注意的是，13 -15世纪的麻风病发病率较低(10 %；N = 50)，这是唯一一个有多人坟墓记录的时期。结论：Sant Llàtzer的麻风相关病变频率与其他欧洲基督教麻风患者相似，尽管在几个世纪中有所不同。没有丧葬证据表明麻风病患者受到与其他公民不同的对待。意义：Sant Llàtzer墓地是西班牙第一个与麻风院直接相连的墓地，独特地跨越了一个重要的活动时期。其保存完好的遗骸和丰富的记录为了解这种疾病及其深刻的社会影响提供了无与伦比的见解。局限性：麻风病仅在一小部分未经治疗的病例中影响骨骼。此外，骨骼残骸保存不良可能会妨碍诊断。进一步研究的建议：生物化学、基因组学和蛋白质组学可能为研究这种疾病、埋葬在Sant Llàtzer的个体的起源和迁徙，以及他们日常生活的其他方面提供新的见解。

{"title":"Tracing Leprosy: The paleopathological study of the individuals excavated from the Sant Llàtzer leprosarium in Barcelona, Spain (12th-18th c.)","authors":"Núria Montes , Clara Jáuregui , Rosa Dinarès , Vanesa Triay , Andrea Fernández-Vilela , Jordi Ruiz , M. Eulàlia Subirà , Maria Fontanals-Coll","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our objectives are twofold: to analyse the frequency of leprosy-related pathological lesions in the cemetery of Sant Llàtzer Hospital (12th-18th c.); and to examine how individuals affected by the disease were perceived and integrated into society during that period in Barcelona.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>The skeletal remains of 87 individuals recovered from the cemetery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All remains were analysed macroscopically and, when required, radiographed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the total number of individuals (n=87), 21 (24.1 %) showed evidence indicative of leprosy. Notably, the frequency of leprosy cases was lower in the 13th-15th c. (10 %; n = 50), the only period for which multi-person graves were documented.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The frequency of leprosy-related lesions in Sant Llàtzer is similar to that observed in other European Christian leprosaria, although it varies across the centuries. There is no funerary evidence that leprosy sufferers were treated differently than other citizens.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The cemetery of Sant Llàtzer, the first in Spain directly linked to a leprosarium, uniquely spans a significant period of activity. Its exceptionally preserved remains and rich records have offered unparalleled insight into the disease and its profound social implications.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Leprosy affects the bone in only a small percentage of untreated cases. Moreover, poor preservation of skeletal remains may prevent diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for Further Research</h3><div>Biochemistry, genomics, and proteomics might provide new insights into the disease, the origin and migrations of the individuals buried in Sant Llàtzer, as well as other aspects of their daily lives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the antiquity of rheumatoid arthritis: A case study from medieval Transylvania 探索类风湿关节炎的古代：中世纪特兰西瓦尼亚的一个案例研究

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.002

Megan A. Heron , Joseph Z. Forstot , Zsolt Nyárádi , Jonathan D. Bethard

Objective

To evaluate erosive pathological lesions on a skeleton from medieval Transylvania.

Materials

A skeleton from a Székely archaeological site in Transylvania was examined and radiocarbon dated to Cal 1300 CE - 1415 CE.

Methods

The skeletal remains were examined macroscopically and with radiographic imaging. A differential diagnosis was conducted following established protocols.

Results

The individual was estimated to be a probable adult female. Periarticular erosive lesions involving multiple synovial joints, particularly on the small joints of the hands and feet, were observed.

Conclusions

A differential diagnosis identifies lesions characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis dating prior to the mid-15th century.

Significance

The significance of this diagnosis is great since researchers debate the antiquity and spread of rheumatoid arthritis. Some researchers hypothesize that RA originated in the Americas and spread to Europe after the mid-15th century. However, this study asserts that RA existed in Europe prior to European colonization of the Americas.

Limitations

Only 30–40 % of the skeletal material was excavated, potentially impacting the differential diagnosis.

Suggestions for further research

This case encourages researchers to explore the presence of RA in other medieval groups within and beyond Transylvania as a means to reconstruct the antiquity and geographical distribution of the condition.

目的评价中世纪特兰西瓦尼亚一具骨骼的侵蚀性病理病变。在特兰西瓦尼亚的一个sz考古遗址中发现了一具骨架，放射性碳测定的年代为公元1300年至1415年。方法对遗骨进行宏观检查和影像学检查。根据既定方案进行鉴别诊断。结果该个体估计为成年雌性。观察到涉及多个滑膜关节的关节周围糜烂病变，特别是手和脚的小关节。结论鉴别诊断可鉴别15世纪中叶以前类风湿关节炎的病变特征。这一诊断的意义是巨大的，因为研究人员争论类风湿关节炎的古老和传播。一些研究人员假设风湿性关节炎起源于美洲，并在15世纪中期之后传播到欧洲。然而，这项研究断言，在欧洲殖民美洲之前，RA就存在于欧洲。局限性：只有30 - 40% %的骨骼材料被挖掘，可能影响鉴别诊断。该案例鼓励研究人员探索特兰西瓦尼亚内外其他中世纪群体中RA的存在，以此作为重建古代和地理分布条件的一种手段。

{"title":"Exploring the antiquity of rheumatoid arthritis: A case study from medieval Transylvania","authors":"Megan A. Heron , Joseph Z. Forstot , Zsolt Nyárádi , Jonathan D. Bethard","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate erosive pathological lesions on a skeleton from medieval Transylvania.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>A skeleton from a Székely archaeological site in Transylvania was examined and radiocarbon dated to Cal 1300 CE - 1415 CE.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The skeletal remains were examined macroscopically and with radiographic imaging. A differential diagnosis was conducted following established protocols.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The individual was estimated to be a probable adult female. Periarticular erosive lesions involving multiple synovial joints, particularly on the small joints of the hands and feet, were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A differential diagnosis identifies lesions characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis dating prior to the mid-15th century.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The significance of this diagnosis is great since researchers debate the antiquity and spread of rheumatoid arthritis. Some researchers hypothesize that RA originated in the Americas and spread to Europe after the mid-15th century. However, this study asserts that RA existed in Europe prior to European colonization of the Americas.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Only 30–40 % of the skeletal material was excavated, potentially impacting the differential diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>This case encourages researchers to explore the presence of RA in other medieval groups within and beyond Transylvania as a means to reconstruct the antiquity and geographical distribution of the condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0