Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.004
Vivien G. Standen , Susana Monsalve , Bernardo Arriaza , John Verano , Mario Rivera
Objective
The goal of this study was to analyze and differentially diagnose the presence of two large holes noted in the parietal bones of an individual and the presence of traumatic lesions.
Materials
A partially mummified young adult female associated with the Chinchorro culture, 4000 BP, from the coast of the Atacama Desert (northern Chile).
Methods
The bone lesions were evaluated macroscopically and radiologically. In addition, Sr isotopic analyses were performed on 62 individuals from eight sites associated with the Chinchorro culture.
Results
The parietal orifices are compatible with a rare anomaly of genetic origin known as foramina parietalia permagna (FPP). In addition, the cranial fracture pattern appear compatible with perimortem trauma, and Sr isotopes indicate a marine signal for Chinchorro populations.
Conclusions
This case serves as evidence that FPP was present in the early Andean populations and that endogamy and mutagenic factors might have contributed to its presence.
Significance
This paper expands our knowledge of the genetic anomalies that affected past populations and may contribute to our understanding of the etiologies of the condition.
Limitations
The absence of comparative FPP data inhibits comparative studies (with the exception of cases from California, USA).
Suggestions for future research
To explore in depth the genetic component of this condition in the Chinchorro populations.
{"title":"A case of enlarged parietal foramina or foramina parietalia permagna in an individual from the Chinchorro Culture of northern Chile (4000 BP)","authors":"Vivien G. Standen , Susana Monsalve , Bernardo Arriaza , John Verano , Mario Rivera","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The goal of this study was to analyze and differentially diagnose the presence of two large holes noted in the parietal bones of an individual and the presence of traumatic lesions.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>A partially mummified young adult female associated with the Chinchorro culture, 4000 BP, from the coast of the Atacama Desert (northern Chile).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The bone lesions were evaluated macroscopically and radiologically. In addition, Sr isotopic analyses were performed on 62 individuals from eight sites associated with the Chinchorro culture.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The parietal orifices are compatible with a rare anomaly of genetic origin known as foramina parietalia permagna (FPP). In addition, the cranial fracture pattern appear compatible with perimortem trauma, and Sr isotopes indicate a marine signal for Chinchorro populations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This case serves as evidence that FPP was present in the early Andean populations and that endogamy and mutagenic factors might have contributed to its presence.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This paper expands our knowledge of the genetic anomalies that affected past populations and may contribute to our understanding of the etiologies of the condition.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The absence of comparative FPP data inhibits comparative studies (with the exception of cases from California, USA).</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for future research</h3><div>To explore in depth the genetic component of this condition in the Chinchorro populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.005
Núria Montes , Clara Jáuregui , Rosa Dinarès , Vanesa Triay , Andrea Fernández-Vilela , Jordi Ruiz , M. Eulàlia Subirà , Maria Fontanals-Coll
Objective
Our objectives are twofold: to analyse the frequency of leprosy-related pathological lesions in the cemetery of Sant Llàtzer Hospital (12th-18th c.); and to examine how individuals affected by the disease were perceived and integrated into society during that period in Barcelona.
Materials
The skeletal remains of 87 individuals recovered from the cemetery.
Methods
All remains were analysed macroscopically and, when required, radiographed.
Results
Of the total number of individuals (n=87), 21 (24.1 %) showed evidence indicative of leprosy. Notably, the frequency of leprosy cases was lower in the 13th-15th c. (10 %; n = 50), the only period for which multi-person graves were documented.
Conclusions
The frequency of leprosy-related lesions in Sant Llàtzer is similar to that observed in other European Christian leprosaria, although it varies across the centuries. There is no funerary evidence that leprosy sufferers were treated differently than other citizens.
Significance
The cemetery of Sant Llàtzer, the first in Spain directly linked to a leprosarium, uniquely spans a significant period of activity. Its exceptionally preserved remains and rich records have offered unparalleled insight into the disease and its profound social implications.
Limitations
Leprosy affects the bone in only a small percentage of untreated cases. Moreover, poor preservation of skeletal remains may prevent diagnosis.
Suggestions for Further Research
Biochemistry, genomics, and proteomics might provide new insights into the disease, the origin and migrations of the individuals buried in Sant Llàtzer, as well as other aspects of their daily lives.
{"title":"Tracing Leprosy: The paleopathological study of the individuals excavated from the Sant Llàtzer leprosarium in Barcelona, Spain (12th-18th c.)","authors":"Núria Montes , Clara Jáuregui , Rosa Dinarès , Vanesa Triay , Andrea Fernández-Vilela , Jordi Ruiz , M. Eulàlia Subirà , Maria Fontanals-Coll","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our objectives are twofold: to analyse the frequency of leprosy-related pathological lesions in the cemetery of Sant Llàtzer Hospital (12th-18th c.); and to examine how individuals affected by the disease were perceived and integrated into society during that period in Barcelona.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>The skeletal remains of 87 individuals recovered from the cemetery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All remains were analysed macroscopically and, when required, radiographed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the total number of individuals (n=87), 21 (24.1 %) showed evidence indicative of leprosy. Notably, the frequency of leprosy cases was lower in the 13th-15th c. (10 %; n = 50), the only period for which multi-person graves were documented.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The frequency of leprosy-related lesions in Sant Llàtzer is similar to that observed in other European Christian leprosaria, although it varies across the centuries. There is no funerary evidence that leprosy sufferers were treated differently than other citizens.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The cemetery of Sant Llàtzer, the first in Spain directly linked to a leprosarium, uniquely spans a significant period of activity. Its exceptionally preserved remains and rich records have offered unparalleled insight into the disease and its profound social implications.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Leprosy affects the bone in only a small percentage of untreated cases. Moreover, poor preservation of skeletal remains may prevent diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for Further Research</h3><div>Biochemistry, genomics, and proteomics might provide new insights into the disease, the origin and migrations of the individuals buried in Sant Llàtzer, as well as other aspects of their daily lives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.002
Megan A. Heron , Joseph Z. Forstot , Zsolt Nyárádi , Jonathan D. Bethard
Objective
To evaluate erosive pathological lesions on a skeleton from medieval Transylvania.
Materials
A skeleton from a Székely archaeological site in Transylvania was examined and radiocarbon dated to Cal 1300 CE - 1415 CE.
Methods
The skeletal remains were examined macroscopically and with radiographic imaging. A differential diagnosis was conducted following established protocols.
Results
The individual was estimated to be a probable adult female. Periarticular erosive lesions involving multiple synovial joints, particularly on the small joints of the hands and feet, were observed.
Conclusions
A differential diagnosis identifies lesions characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis dating prior to the mid-15th century.
Significance
The significance of this diagnosis is great since researchers debate the antiquity and spread of rheumatoid arthritis. Some researchers hypothesize that RA originated in the Americas and spread to Europe after the mid-15th century. However, this study asserts that RA existed in Europe prior to European colonization of the Americas.
Limitations
Only 30–40 % of the skeletal material was excavated, potentially impacting the differential diagnosis.
Suggestions for further research
This case encourages researchers to explore the presence of RA in other medieval groups within and beyond Transylvania as a means to reconstruct the antiquity and geographical distribution of the condition.
{"title":"Exploring the antiquity of rheumatoid arthritis: A case study from medieval Transylvania","authors":"Megan A. Heron , Joseph Z. Forstot , Zsolt Nyárádi , Jonathan D. Bethard","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate erosive pathological lesions on a skeleton from medieval Transylvania.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>A skeleton from a Székely archaeological site in Transylvania was examined and radiocarbon dated to Cal 1300 CE - 1415 CE.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The skeletal remains were examined macroscopically and with radiographic imaging. A differential diagnosis was conducted following established protocols.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The individual was estimated to be a probable adult female. Periarticular erosive lesions involving multiple synovial joints, particularly on the small joints of the hands and feet, were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A differential diagnosis identifies lesions characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis dating prior to the mid-15th century.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The significance of this diagnosis is great since researchers debate the antiquity and spread of rheumatoid arthritis. Some researchers hypothesize that RA originated in the Americas and spread to Europe after the mid-15th century. However, this study asserts that RA existed in Europe prior to European colonization of the Americas.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Only 30–40 % of the skeletal material was excavated, potentially impacting the differential diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>This case encourages researchers to explore the presence of RA in other medieval groups within and beyond Transylvania as a means to reconstruct the antiquity and geographical distribution of the condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.003
André Vieira Araújo , Mário André Trindade Dantas , Alexandre Liparini , Mario Alberto Cozzuol , Lauren B. Halenar-Price , Rodrigo Martins Ribeiro , Fernando Henrique de Souza Barbosa , Francisco Bandeira , Hermínio Ismael de Araújo Júnior
Objective
This work evaluates the potential presence of bone disease in an extinct primate from late Pleistocene of Brazil.
Materials
The skull and post crania of an extinct platyrrhine primate, curated by the Museu de Ciências Naturais PUC, Brazil.
Methods
Pathological changes were noted via analysis of radiographic images and CT of the affected bones.
Results
The lesions noted include cortical thickening, sclerosis, and coarse trabeculae in the skull and long bones.
Conclusions
The features observed support the diagnosis of metabolic bone disease with lesions comparable to those seen in Paget's disease.
Significance
This specimen appears to be the only case is of metabolic bone disease in an extinct New World monkey and adds data to the paleopathological record of South American primates.
Limitations
The absence of other skeletal materials from individuals of the same genus for comparison makes differential diagnosis challenging, and conclusions must be drawn with caution.
Suggestions for further research
A more complete comparative sample of images involving more genera of living and extinct platyrrhines can help to rule out morphological oddities and design a more accurate diagnosis.
{"title":"Metabolic bone disease in an extinct neotropical primate","authors":"André Vieira Araújo , Mário André Trindade Dantas , Alexandre Liparini , Mario Alberto Cozzuol , Lauren B. Halenar-Price , Rodrigo Martins Ribeiro , Fernando Henrique de Souza Barbosa , Francisco Bandeira , Hermínio Ismael de Araújo Júnior","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This work evaluates the potential presence of bone disease in an extinct primate from late Pleistocene of Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>The skull and post crania of an extinct platyrrhine primate, curated by the Museu de Ciências Naturais PUC, Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pathological changes were noted via analysis of radiographic images and CT of the affected bones.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The lesions noted include cortical thickening, sclerosis, and coarse trabeculae in the skull and long bones.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The features observed support the diagnosis of metabolic bone disease with lesions comparable to those seen in Paget's disease.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This specimen appears to be the only case is of metabolic bone disease in an extinct New World monkey and adds data to the paleopathological record of South American primates.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The absence of other skeletal materials from individuals of the same genus for comparison makes differential diagnosis challenging, and conclusions must be drawn with caution.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>A more complete comparative sample of images involving more genera of living and extinct platyrrhines can help to rule out morphological oddities and design a more accurate diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.001
Raffaele Gaeta , Valentina Giuffra , Frank Maixner , Giacomo Aringhieri , Antonio Fornaciari
Objective
The aim of this study is to investigate potential evidence of tuberculosis in mummified remains.
Materials
The natural mummy of an anonymous friar from the mortuary chapel of the church of Santa Maria della Grazia in Comiso (Sicily)
Methods
The mummy was studied through macroscopic examination; tissue sampling was conducted through breaches in the dorsal surface of the thorax. Radiological, histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on the pulmonary parenchyma.
Results
The mummified remains are those of an adult male approximately 25–45 years old. In the left lung, 7 intra parenchymal calcified nodules were detected. The fibrocalcific nodules showed some lacunae surrounded by fibrous tissue containing amorphous necrotic, most probably caseous, material.
Conclusions
These findings are compatible with a chronic infectious-inflammatory disease, likely a calcification of a previous Ghon complex of an apical nodular tuberculosis.
Significance
Our study supports the great spread of the disease in the 19th century; a time when it reached its maximum peak in Europe.
Limitations
Molecular investigations failed to detect traces of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in the sample.
Suggestions for further research
The investigation on the mummies from Comiso is still in progress, and further analyses will potentially provide paleopathological data on this community of Modern Age which could be integrated with historical and archival sources.
{"title":"Histology of pulmonary tuberculosis in a 19th-century mummy from Comiso (Sicily, Italy)","authors":"Raffaele Gaeta , Valentina Giuffra , Frank Maixner , Giacomo Aringhieri , Antonio Fornaciari","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study is to investigate potential evidence of tuberculosis in mummified remains.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>The natural mummy of an anonymous friar from the mortuary chapel of the church of Santa Maria della Grazia in Comiso (Sicily)</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The mummy was studied through macroscopic examination; tissue sampling was conducted through breaches in the dorsal surface of the thorax. Radiological, histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on the pulmonary parenchyma.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mummified remains are those of an adult male approximately 25–45 years old. In the left lung, 7 intra parenchymal calcified nodules were detected. The fibrocalcific nodules showed some lacunae surrounded by fibrous tissue containing amorphous necrotic, most probably caseous, material.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings are compatible with a chronic infectious-inflammatory disease, likely a calcification of a previous Ghon complex of an apical nodular tuberculosis.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Our study supports the great spread of the disease in the 19th century; a time when it reached its maximum peak in Europe.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Molecular investigations failed to detect traces of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> DNA in the sample.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>The investigation on the mummies from Comiso is still in progress, and further analyses will potentially provide paleopathological data on this community of Modern Age which could be integrated with historical and archival sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 54-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.10.001
Christine Alvarez Jones
Objectives
This project is an application of the One Paleopathology approach to the study of Q fever (C. burnetii infection), a disease which is underdiagnosed and largely unknown in paleopathology.
Materials
Clinical and veterinary pathological case reports and reviews, bioarcheological and zooarchaeological data, veterinary and environmental studies of wild and domestic animal pathology, clinical molecular pathogen data
Methods
One Paleopathology approach which combines data from people, animals, and their environment to understand disease in the past.
Results
Q fever in animals presents as reproductive failure, with no typical skeletal manifestations seen in animals. Persistent Q fever (C. burnetii) focalized infection affects the human skeleton in predictable ways, including spondylodiscitis and extravertebral osteomyelitis or osteitis which can occur more commonly in children. Evidence of skeletal involvement suggests C. burnetii infection in the past is underestimated and underdiagnosed in humans.
Conclusion
Using the One Paleopathology approach can improve the study of C. burnetii infection in the past, where both animal and human paleopathology and environmental factors are assessed in developing potential diagnoses.
Significance
This project is the first paleopathological study to specifically focus awareness on identification of C. burnetii in past skeletal samples, both animal and human.
Limitations
Lack of paleopathological studies and existing reference literature identifying skeletal involvement associated with C. burnetii infection.
Suggestions for future research
Future paleopathological genomic studies should focus on identification of C. burnetii genotypes.
{"title":"Expanding the diagnostic scope of paleopathology: Identification of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) using a One Paleopathology approach","authors":"Christine Alvarez Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This project is an application of the One Paleopathology approach to the study of Q fever (<em>C. burnetii</em> infection), a disease which is underdiagnosed and largely unknown in paleopathology.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>Clinical and veterinary pathological case reports and reviews, bioarcheological and zooarchaeological data, veterinary and environmental studies of wild and domestic animal pathology, clinical molecular pathogen data</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>One Paleopathology approach which combines data from people, animals, and their environment to understand disease in the past.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Q fever in animals presents as reproductive failure, with no typical skeletal manifestations seen in animals. Persistent Q fever (<em>C. burnetii</em>) focalized infection affects the human skeleton in predictable ways, including spondylodiscitis and extravertebral osteomyelitis or osteitis which can occur more commonly in children. Evidence of skeletal involvement suggests <em>C. burnetii</em> infection in the past is underestimated and underdiagnosed in humans.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Using the One Paleopathology approach can improve the study of <em>C. burnetii</em> infection in the past, where both animal and human paleopathology and environmental factors are assessed in developing potential diagnoses.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This project is the first paleopathological study to specifically focus awareness on identification of <em>C. burnetii</em> in past skeletal samples, both animal and human.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Lack of paleopathological studies and existing reference literature identifying skeletal involvement associated with <em>C. burnetii</em> infection.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for future research</h3><div>Future paleopathological genomic studies should focus on identification of <em>C. burnetii</em> genotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 43-53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.09.002
Alexandra Bowers , Rebecca Gowland , Karen Hind
Objective
This study employs a Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) approach to assess the effect of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in childhood on the risk of osteoporosis in adulthood in an archaeological sample of skeletons dating from the 18th to 19th centuries.
Materials
Femora and lumbar vertebrae of 65 adults aged 18+ years (26 diagnosed with residual rickets and 39 without) from an 18th-19th century Quaker burial ground at Coach Lane, North Shields, England.
Methods
Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured for the femoral neck and first four lumbar vertebrae of each individual using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner as a proxy for assessing osteoporotic fracture risk.
Results
3-way ANOVA revealed no statistically significant differences in BMD between individuals with and without residual rickets across age and sex.
Conclusions
A combination of lifestyle and environmental factors likely influenced the BMD of people buried at Coach Lane across the life course. The impact of childhood VDD on BMD later in life can be mitigated through other factors such as physical activity and diet.
Significance
This is one of the first bioarchaeological studies to take a DOHaD approach to understand osteoporosis risk in 18th-19th century England. It highlights the complexity of aetiological factors for osteoporosis and that VDD in early life does not necessarily predispose a person to osteoporosis in adulthood.
Limitations
BMD is not the only indicator of osteoporosis. Microscopic methods for the assessment of childhood vitamin D deficiency, such as inter-globular dentine analysis, were not applied.
本研究采用健康与疾病的发展起源 (DOHaD) 方法，评估童年时期维生素 D 缺乏 (VDD) 对 18-19 世纪骸骨考古样本中成年后骨质疏松症风险的影响。方法 使用双能 X 射线吸收仪 (DXA) 扫描仪测量每个人的股骨颈和前四节腰椎骨的骨矿物质密度 (BMD)，作为评估骨质疏松性骨折风险的替代方法。童年佝偻病对日后骨密度的影响可以通过体育锻炼和饮食等其他因素得到缓解。重要意义这是第一批采用 DOHaD 方法了解 18-19 世纪英格兰骨质疏松症风险的生物考古研究之一。它强调了骨质疏松症致病因素的复杂性，以及早年的VDD并不一定会导致成年后的骨质疏松症。评估儿童维生素 D 缺乏症的显微方法（如球间牙本质分析）并未应用。
{"title":"Rickets, resorption and revolution: An investigation into the relationship between vitamin D deficiency in childhood and osteoporosis in adulthood in an 18th-19th century population","authors":"Alexandra Bowers , Rebecca Gowland , Karen Hind","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study employs a Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) approach to assess the effect of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in childhood on the risk of osteoporosis in adulthood in an archaeological sample of skeletons dating from the 18th to 19th centuries.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>Femora and lumbar vertebrae of 65 adults aged 18+ years (26 diagnosed with residual rickets and 39 without) from an 18th-19th century Quaker burial ground at Coach Lane, North Shields, England.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured for the femoral neck and first four lumbar vertebrae of each individual using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner as a proxy for assessing osteoporotic fracture risk.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>3-way ANOVA revealed no statistically significant differences in BMD between individuals with and without residual rickets across age and sex.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A combination of lifestyle and environmental factors likely influenced the BMD of people buried at Coach Lane across the life course. The impact of childhood VDD on BMD later in life can be mitigated through other factors such as physical activity and diet.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This is one of the first bioarchaeological studies to take a DOHaD approach to understand osteoporosis risk in 18th-19th century England. It highlights the complexity of aetiological factors for osteoporosis and that VDD in early life does not necessarily predispose a person to osteoporosis in adulthood.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>BMD is not the only indicator of osteoporosis. Microscopic methods for the assessment of childhood vitamin D deficiency, such as inter-globular dentine analysis, were not applied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 27-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.09.001
Konrad Perkowski , Magdalena Marczyńska-Stolarek , Piotr Regulski , Jacek Tomczyk
Objective
The aim of the study was to assess the diachronicity of factors that produce malocclusion from the 18th century to the present.
Materials
A total of 74 adult individuals Radom (Poland) of both sexes were examined (males: 46, females: 28).
Methods
The skulls were grouped according to the type of malocclusion found: i) anterio-posterior (skeletal Class I/II/III), ii) transverse (cross bite/scissor bite), and iii) vertical (open bite/deep bite).
Results
Normal bites were recorded in 14 % (10/74) of the study group. Malocclusion was observed in the remaining cases (64/74, 86 %). Class I was diagnosed most often (53 %), and Class III (8 %) was the least common in the study group.
Conclusions
The observed order of frequency of Angle’s Classes (I > II > III) in the population from Radom indicates malocclusion was similar to that of the contemporary population. In the population from Radom, similar to other contemporary European populations, Class II defects were found at a higher frequency than Class III defects.
Significance
The research demonstrates the diachronic nature of the factors that produce different types of malocclusion in Polish populations over the past four centuries, even if these factors cannot be identified.
Limitation
The main limitation of this research is the relatively small sample size.
Suggestions for further research
Future studies should evaluate malocclusion in older populations from Radom and other areas of Poland and Europe.
研究目的研究的目的是评估从 18 世纪至今造成错颌畸形的因素的非同步性：方法：根据发现的错颌畸形类型对头骨进行分组：畸形头骨：男性46个；畸形头骨：女性28个：方法：根据发现的错颌畸形类型对头骨进行分组：i）前后咬合（骨骼等级 I/II/III）；ii）横向咬合（交叉咬合/剪刀式咬合）；iii）纵向咬合（开放式咬合/深咬合）：研究组中有 14%（10/74）的人咬合正常。其余病例（64/74，86%）均为错颌畸形。在研究组中，第一类咬合不正的诊断率最高（53%），第三类咬合不正的诊断率最低（8%）：在拉多姆人群中观察到的角分级频率顺序（I > II > III）表明，错颌畸形与当代人群相似。在拉多姆的人群中，发现 II 类缺陷的频率高于 III 类缺陷，这与其他当代欧洲人群相似：研究表明，在过去四个世纪中，在波兰人口中产生不同类型错颌畸形的因素具有非同步性，即使这些因素无法确定：局限性：这项研究的主要局限性在于样本量相对较小：今后的研究应评估拉多姆以及波兰和欧洲其他地区老年人口的错颌畸形情况。
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