International Journal of Paleopathology最新文献_第7页

Pilot study of correlation of selected genetic factors with cribra orbitalia in individuals from a medieval population from Slovakia 斯洛伐克中世纪人群中选定遗传因素与眶嵴相关性的初步研究

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.02.001

Gabriela Bľandová , Andrea Patlevičová , Jana Palkovičová , Štefánia Pavlíková , Radoslav Beňuš , Vanda Repiská , Marian Baldovič

Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential genetic etiology of cribra orbitalia noted on human skeletal remains.

Materials

We obtained and analyzed ancient DNA of 43 individuals with cribra orbitalia. The analyzed set represented medieval individuals from two cemeteries in western Slovakia, Castle Devín (11th-12th century AD) and Cífer-Pác (8th-9th century AD).

Methods

We performed a sequence analysis of 5 variants in 3 genes associated with anemia (HBB, G6PD, PKLR), which are the most common pathogenic variants in present day of European populations, and one variant MCM6:c.1917 + 326 C>T (rs4988235) associated with lactose intolerance.

Results

DNA variants associated with anemia were not found in the samples. The allele frequency of MCM6:c.1917 + 326 C was 0.875. This frequency is higher but not statistically significant in individuals displaying cribra orbitalia compared to individuals without the lesion.

Significance

This study seeks to expand our knowledge of the etiology of cribra orbitalia by exploring the potential association between the lesion and the presence of alleles linked to hereditary anemias and lactose intolerance.

Limitations

A relatively small set of individuals were analyzed, so an unequivocal conclusion cannot be drawn. Hence, although it is unlikely, a genetic form of anemia caused by rare variants cannot be ruled out.

Suggestions for Further Research

Genetic research based on larger sample sizes and in more diverse geographical regions.

目的探讨人骨遗存眶嵴的潜在遗传原因。我们获得了43个具有眶嵴的个体的古代DNA并进行了分析。所分析的集合代表了来自斯洛伐克西部两个墓地的中世纪个体，城堡Devín(公元11 -12世纪)和Cífer-Pác(公元8 -9世纪)。方法对现今欧洲人群中最常见的3个与贫血相关的基因(HBB、G6PD、plklr)的5个变异和1个MCM6:c的变异进行了序列分析。1917 + 326 C>T (rs4988235)与乳糖不耐症有关。结果在样本中未发现与贫血相关的dna变异。MCM6的等位基因频率为:c。1917 + 326℃= 0.875。与没有病变的人相比，有眶缘的人这个频率更高，但没有统计学意义。本研究旨在通过探索与遗传性贫血和乳糖不耐症相关的等位基因的存在与眶缘病变之间的潜在关联，扩大我们对眶缘病因学的认识。局限性由于只分析了相对较少的个体，因此无法得出明确的结论。因此，尽管不太可能，但不能排除由罕见变异引起的遗传性贫血。进一步研究建议:基于更大样本量和更多样化地理区域的遗传研究。

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引用次数: 0

A look into the wild. Pathological analysis of a modern collection of guanacos from the Dry Chaco and its implications for South American camelid paleopathological studies 看一看野外。干查科现代群瓜纳瓜的病理分析及其对南美骆驼类古病理研究的意义

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.03.004

María Paula Weihmüller

Objective

This article evaluates the prevalence of lesions in a modern osteological collection of guanacos (Lama guanicoe) and discusses the potential of paleopathological data to assess human intervention and environmental stress.

Materials

A modern osteological collection of guanacos (NISP = 862) from north-western Córdoba, Central Argentina.

Methods

The prevalence of pathological specimens per skeletal element and the pathological index (Bartosiewicz et al., 1997) was used. The prevalence of arthropathies, trauma and infections was quantified. Additionally, thorn lesions in the autopodium were recorded.

Results

11.03 % of the specimens presented pathological changes and the mean pathological index was 0.01. Degenerative lesions were the most prevalent type (10.34 %), followed by traumatic (0.81 %) and infectious pathologies (0.12 %). Thorn lesions (2.55 %) were recorded especially in metapodials.

Conclusions

Guanacos are exposed to the development of degenerative lesions, mainly in the autopodium and vertebrae. These lesions are probably common in camelids and should not be used to argue human management. Traumatic and infectious lesions are less frequent.

Significance

This work provides baseline information for the paleopathological study of South American camelids and contributes to the characterization of a regionally endangered species.

Limitations

The nature of the faunal assemblage did not allow for direct correlations between pathologies and individual variables such as sex or age.

Suggestions for further research

The comparison of our results with other wild and domesticated modern populations would be valuable to expand the baseline information for paleopathological studies. The use of quantitative methods is encouraged for future comparative and diachronic studies.

目的评价现代番瓜骨学标本中病变的患病率，并探讨古病理数据在评估人为干预和环境应激方面的潜力。资料:阿根廷中部Córdoba西北部的一种现代骨标本(NISP = 862)。方法采用各骨单元病理标本的患病率和病理指数(Bartosiewicz etal .， 1997)。对关节病变、创伤和感染的发生率进行量化。结果11.03%的标本出现病理改变，平均病理指数为0.01。退行性病变是最常见的类型(10.34%)，其次是创伤性病变(0.81%)和感染性病变(0.12%)。棘状病变(2.55%)主要发生在跖部。结论瓜纳科斯鼠易发生退行性病变，主要发生在自椎体和椎体。这些病变可能在骆驼类动物中很常见，不应该用来争论人类的管理。创伤性和感染性病变较少见。意义本研究为南美骆驼科动物的古病理学研究提供了基础资料，并有助于对一个区域性濒危物种的特征进行鉴定。限制:动物群的性质不允许病理与个体变量(如性别或年龄)之间存在直接关联。将我们的研究结果与其他野生和驯化的现代种群进行比较，将为古生物病理学研究提供有价值的基础信息。鼓励在未来的比较和历时研究中使用定量方法。

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引用次数: 0

Helping to shine light on the Dark Ages: Applying the bioarchaeology of care approach to remains from the early Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Worthy Park 帮助照亮黑暗时代:应用生物考古学的护理方法从早期盎格鲁-撒克逊墓地在沃西公园的遗骸

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.03.005

Lorna Tilley , Christine Cave

Objective

To test the hypothesis that a bioarchaeological focus on health-related care provision can contribute to the currently limited understanding of social practice in Early Anglo-Saxon England (mid5th-early7th centuries AD).

Materials

Published descriptions of pathology in 69 adult remains from the Early Anglo-Saxon cemetery of Worthy Park, southern England.

Methods

Three case studies (one examining likely need for care at an individual level and two at a population level) were undertaken using the bioarchaeology of care approach.

Results

Analyses indicate likely care provision (‘direct support’ and/or ‘accommodation of difference’) to Worthy Park individuals experiencing temporary or permanent disability. Interpretation suggests community interdependence, cooperation, flexibility and tolerance of difference, as well as cultural and socioeconomic mechanisms for managing physical and social challenges of ageing.

Conclusions

This study provides proof of concept that bioarchaeology of care analysis can offer new insights into social practice in this period.

Significance

This study demonstrates that a bioarchaeological focus on caregiving behaviours in an Early Anglo-Saxon community extends modern thinking about social relations in post-Roman Britain, offering a model for future investigations into social practice in this, and potentially other, periods. More generally, it illustrates the richness of results achievable when combining bioarchaeological and historical research.

Limitations

Reliance on secondary sources limited detail (and potentially accuracy) of interpretation possible.

Suggestions for further research

This study’s approach should be further tested and refined, either through application to different Anglo-Saxon (or other historic) populations or in a more thorough analysis of the Worthy Park sample itself.

目的验证这样一种假设，即关注与健康相关的医疗保健提供的生物考古学可以有助于目前对早期盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰(公元5世纪中期至7世纪早期)社会实践的有限理解。资料发表了对英格兰南部沃西公园早期盎格鲁-撒克逊墓地69具成人遗骸的病理描述。方法采用生物考古学的护理方法进行了三个案例研究(一个在个人层面检查可能需要的护理，两个在人群层面检查)。结果分析表明，可能的护理提供(“直接支持”和/或“差异适应”)，以沃西公园的个人经历暂时或永久性残疾。解释表明社区相互依存，合作，灵活性和容忍差异，以及管理老龄化的身体和社会挑战的文化和社会经济机制。结论本研究证明了护理生物考古分析可以为这一时期的社会实践提供新的见解。这项研究表明，对早期盎格鲁-撒克逊社区看护行为的生物考古学关注扩展了对后罗马时代英国社会关系的现代思考，为未来对这一时期以及其他时期社会实践的研究提供了一个模型。更一般地说，它说明了当生物考古学和历史研究相结合时，可以获得丰富的结果。限制:对第二手资料的依赖限制了解释的细节(和潜在的准确性)。这项研究的方法应该进一步测试和完善，要么通过应用于不同的盎格鲁-撒克逊人(或其他历史上的)人群，要么通过对沃西公园样本本身进行更彻底的分析。

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引用次数: 1

Living with lower limb traumas and below-knee amputation in a Jordanian Late Ottoman nomadic community 生活在约旦晚期奥斯曼游牧社区的下肢创伤和膝盖以下截肢

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.04.002

Margaret A. Judd

Objective

Paleopathological analysis is combined with ethnohistorical, ethnographic and ethnomedical reports to assess the sociocultural implications for a historical nomadic Bedouin female following her survival of a below-knee amputation and multiple injuries to the stump.

Materials

A middle-aged female recovered from a nomadic-style burial dated to the Late Ottoman Period (1789–1918) in Jordan’s Wadi ath-Thamad region.

Methods

Macroscopic and radiographic assessment.

Results

A supracondylar femur (Hoffa) fracture, knee complex injury and lower leg amputation were observed on the right lower limb. Other pathological lesions that may have affected movement included bilateral os acromiale, intervertebral disc disease, osteoarthritis and right hook of hamate fracture.

Conclusions

The individual survived a below-knee amputation, two injuries to the stump, and likely experienced lower back pain. Mobility may have been painful, but she likely functioned within the community performing gender-specific daily tasks within the family tent and designated community female workspaces. Ethnohistoric and ethnographic reports suggest that marital demotion by other wives or a return to her father’s tent may have occurred.

Significance

Healed multiple injuries and amputation affecting one limb are rare in paleopathological literature.

Limitations

It is uncertain whether the amputation or either of the stump injuries occurred during the same event. If they resulted from separate events, slight hip joint osteoarthritis suggests that the amputation preceded the other injuries.

Suggestions for further research

Full pathological assessment of individuals with amputations may provide additional insight into impairment resolution, health problems and injury arising from impairment following amputation.

目的:将古病理学分析与民族历史、民族志和民族医学报告相结合，评估历史上一位游牧贝都因女性在膝盖以下截肢和残肢多处损伤后存活下来的社会文化影响。在约旦的Wadi ath-Thamad地区，一具游牧风格的墓葬中发现了一名中年女性，该墓葬可追溯到奥斯曼帝国晚期(1789-1918)。方法显微及影像学评价。结果右下肢出现股骨髁上(Hoffa)骨折、膝关节复合损伤及下肢截肢。其他可能影响运动的病理病变包括双侧肩峰肌、椎间盘疾病、骨关节炎和右钩骨钩骨骨折。结论:该患者膝盖以下截肢，残肢两次受伤，并可能经历过腰痛。移动可能会很痛苦，但她可能在社区中发挥作用，在家庭帐篷和指定的社区女性工作空间内执行特定性别的日常任务。民族历史和民族志报告表明，可能发生了其他妻子的婚姻降级或返回父亲的帐篷。意义:在古病理学文献中，多处损伤愈合和单肢截肢是罕见的。目前尚不清楚截肢或残肢损伤是否发生在同一事件中。如果它们是由不同的事件引起的，轻微的髋关节骨关节炎表明截肢先于其他损伤。对截肢患者进行全面的病理评估可能会对截肢后损伤的消退、健康问题和损伤提供更多的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Continuity in intestinal parasite infection in Aalst (Belgium) from the medieval to the early modern period (12th-17th centuries) 阿尔斯特(比利时)从中世纪到近代早期(12 -17世纪)肠道寄生虫感染的连续性

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.03.001

Sophie Rabinow , Koen Deforce , Piers D. Mitchell

Objective

To characterize patterns in the taxonomic diversity of parasites infecting the population of Aalst, Belgium, between the 12th and 17th centuries.

Materials

14 sediment samples from seven cesspits dated 1100–1700 CE.

Methods

Digital light microscopy and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

We identified eggs of four species of helminths: whipworm (Trichuris trichiura), roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), Echinostoma fluke and Dicrocoelium fluke. ELISA results for protozoal parasites were negative.

Conclusions

Taxonomic diversity of parasite infections remained constant from the 12th to the 17th centuries. Roundworm and whipworm, spread by poor sanitation, were dominant. Two species of zoonotic parasites were also identified, including for the first time ever in the Low Countries the Echinostoma fluke, which may have been spread by eating uncooked freshwater animal foods.

Significance

Analysis of sediment samples spanning such a broad chronology (six centuries) from a single city offers the opportunity to track diachronic change, which is rare in paleoparasitological studies.

Limitations

We were unable to acquire samples from cesspits dating to the 14th century.

Suggestions for further research

Additional data from other Low Countries towns may strengthen the patterns identified in this paper. A similar approach can be used to investigate towns in different regions of the world.

目的探讨12 ~ 17世纪比利时阿尔斯特地区寄生虫的分类多样性特征。材料:从公元1100-1700年的七个污水池中提取的沉积物样本。方法采用数字光镜和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)。结果鉴定出鞭虫(Trichuris trichiura)、蛔虫(Ascaris lumbricoides)、棘口虫(Echinostoma fluke)和双子囊虫(Dicrocoelium fluke) 4种蠕虫卵。ELISA检测结果为阴性。结论从12世纪到17世纪，寄生虫感染的分类学多样性保持不变。因卫生条件差而传播的蛔虫和鞭虫居多。还发现了两种人畜共患寄生虫，其中包括在低地国家首次发现的棘孔虫，这种寄生虫可能是通过食用未煮熟的淡水动物食物传播的。对一个城市的沉积物样本进行跨越如此广泛的年代(6个世纪)的分析，提供了追踪历时变化的机会，这在古寄生虫学研究中是罕见的。局限性:我们无法从14世纪的污水中获取样本。对进一步研究的建议来自其他低地国家城镇的额外数据可能会加强本文确定的模式。类似的方法可以用于调查世界不同地区的城镇。

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引用次数: 1

Differential diagnosis for two ‘holes in the head’ of a child from 982 to 904 BP in northern South America 南美洲北部982 - 904 BP儿童两个“头部洞”的鉴别诊断

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.04.004

Claudia M. Rojas-Sepúlveda , L. Buitrago-Orjuela

Objective

To present paleopathological evidence of a congenital anomaly with photographic support and a review that will help scholars to diagnose the condition.

Materials

Well-preserved skeletal remains of a child from central Colombia, dated 968–1046 CE.

Methods

Macroscopic examination and computerized axial tomography.

Results

Two holes were observed in the skull.

Conclusions

The pathology is consistent with a neural tube defect or an inclusion cyst.

Significance

Neural tube defects and inclusion cysts, in paleopathology, are rarely reported in children. The preservation and origin of the individual make this case valuable. The photographic support and the review is useful for other scholars in the field.

Limitations

It was not possible to determine a single cause.

Suggestions for future research

Review cases in identified osteological collections.

目的介绍一例先天性畸形的古病理学证据，并结合影像资料和文献回顾，帮助学者对该病进行诊断。材料:在哥伦比亚中部发现的一具保存完好的儿童骸骨，可追溯至公元968-1046年。方法显微镜检查和计算机轴位断层扫描。结果颅骨内观察到2个孔。结论其病理符合神经管缺损或包涵性囊肿。意义神经管缺损和包涵性囊肿，在古病理学中很少在儿童中报道。个体的保存和起源使这个案子很有价值。本文的摄影支持和综述对该领域的其他学者有一定的借鉴意义。不能确定一个单一的原因。对未来研究的建议。

引用次数: 0

Cattle health in the Iron Age and Roman Netherlands 铁器时代和罗马尼德兰的牛的健康状况

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.02.003

Maaike Groot

Objective

To investigate diachonic and regional trends in the occurrence of pathologies in cattle in the Iron Age and Roman Netherlands. A key objective is to investigate whether the intensification of cattle husbandry in the Roman period was associated with an increase in pathology.

Materials

The data set consists of 167 sites with a combined total of 127,373 individual specimens for cattle, sheep/goat, horse, and pig.

Methods

A quantitative approach was used, investigating the frequency of pathologies over time and per region. For cattle, pathology frequencies were also investigated per type. Several multi-period sites were considered in more detail.

Results

Pathology frequencies increased during the Iron Age and Roman period. In cattle, joint pathology was most common, followed by dental pathology.

Conclusions

The overall frequency of pathology aligns with frequencies in other regions. Some pathological conditions in cattle can tentatively be linked to intensification, such as joint pathology at two sites in the Middle and Late Roman periods, an increase in dental pathology and trauma).

Significance

This review revealed diachronic trends and linked them to developments in animal husbandry and highlights the importance of recording and publishing pathological lesions.

Limitations

The multi-causal origin of joint and dental pathology makes it difficult to relate them to the intensification of cattle husbandry.

Suggestions for further research

It is hoped that this review will stimulate further paleopathological research globally, especially systematic studies into foot pathologies.

目的探讨铁器时代和罗马尼德兰时期牛病发生的历时性和区域性趋势。一个关键的目标是调查罗马时期畜牧业的加强是否与病理的增加有关。数据集由167个站点组成，总共有127,373个牛、羊、马和猪的个体标本。方法采用定量方法，调查不同时间和不同区域的病理发生频率。对于牛，每种类型的病理频率也进行了调查。更详细地考虑了几个多时期遗址。结果在铁器时代和罗马时期，病理频率增加。在牛中，关节病理是最常见的，其次是牙齿病理。结论:病理的总体频率与其他区域的频率一致。牛的一些病理状况可以暂时与强化联系起来，例如罗马中后期两个部位的关节病理，牙齿病理和创伤的增加)。这篇综述揭示了历时性的趋势，并将它们与畜牧业的发展联系起来，强调了记录和发表病理病变的重要性。限制关节和牙齿病理的多原因起源使得很难将它们与畜牧业的强化联系起来。希望本文的综述能够促进全球范围内对古病理学的进一步研究，特别是对足部病理学的系统研究。

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引用次数: 0

Developing an archaeology of malaria. A critical review of current approaches and a discussion on ways forward 发展疟疾考古学。对当前方法的批判性回顾和对前进方向的讨论

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.03.002

Rachel Schats

Objective

This paper presents the current state of the art in the investigation of past malaria by providing an extensive review of previous studies and identifying research possibilities for the future.

Materials

All previous research on the detection of malaria in human skeletal material using macroscopic and biomolecular approaches is considered.

Methods

The approaches and methods used by scholars and the results they obtained are evaluated and the limitations discussed.

Results

There is a link between malaria and porous lesions with significantly higher prevalence in malaria-endemic areas, however, they are not pathognomonic or specific for malaria. Malaria can be identified using biomolecular techniques, yet, to date there is no completely satisfactory method that is able to consistently diagnose the disease.

Conclusions

Using macroscopic and biomolecular techniques, malaria can be investigated in past populations and the impact of the disease studied. Yet, this is not a straightforward process and the use of multiple lines of evidence is necessary to obtain the best results.

Significance

The extensive discussion on ways malaria can and cannot be identified in past populations and the suggestions for new approaches provide a steppingstone for future research into this debilitating, global disease.

Limitations

Malaria is a difficult disease to study archaeologically and successful identification depends on many intrinsic and extrinsic factors.

Suggestions for further research

More large-scale spatial analyses of porous lesions as well as targeting different tissues or molecules for biomolecular identification may improve the archaeological understanding of malaria.

目的本文通过对以往研究的广泛回顾和确定未来研究的可能性，介绍了过去疟疾调查的最新进展。所有先前的研究都是用宏观和生物分子方法检测人类骨骼材料中的疟疾。方法对学者们所采用的研究方法和取得的结果进行评价，并讨论其局限性。结果在疟疾流行地区，多孔性病变与疟疾有一定的联系，但多孔性病变并非疟疾的特征性或特异性病变。利用生物分子技术可以识别疟疾，然而，迄今为止还没有一种完全令人满意的方法能够始终如一地诊断这种疾病。结论利用宏观和生物分子技术，可以对过去人群中的疟疾进行调查，并研究该疾病的影响。然而，这并不是一个简单的过程，为了获得最佳结果，需要使用多种证据。关于疟疾在过去人群中可以和不能识别的方法的广泛讨论以及对新方法的建议为未来研究这种使人衰弱的全球疾病提供了踏脚石。局限性疟疾是一种难以进行考古研究的疾病，成功的鉴定取决于许多内在和外在因素。对多孔性病变进行更大规模的空间分析，以及针对不同组织或分子进行生物分子鉴定，可能会提高对疟疾的考古认识。

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引用次数: 2

Investigating the “scapula sign” as an indicator of rickets 调查“肩胛骨征”作为佝偻病的指示

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.02.004

Rachel Ives , Karen Swan , Louise Humphrey

Objective

In 1971, Weiss identified a “scapula sign” comprising a defect at the inferior angle of the scapula in juveniles with vitamin D deficiency rickets, but this has been little studied since. This study aimed to explore pathological variation of this defect in juveniles with other skeletal manifestations of vitamin D deficiency rickets.

Materials and methods

527 juveniles, aged from birth to 12 years, from two post-medieval British assemblages were macroscopically evaluated to document the range of pathological changes at the inferior angle. Scapula maximum lengths were recorded and supplementary radiographs were assessed.

Results

Blunting, flattening or squaring of the inferior angle occurred in 34 of 155 (22%) juveniles with other indicators of rickets and occurred frequently in cases of severe active rickets. Coarsening of the border and cupping deformities were identified radiographically, as well as residual defects in healed cases. Scapula lengths in juveniles with active rickets did not consistently deviate from those expected in any age group.

Conclusions

The scapula sign is identifiable in some children with rickets. Differential diagnoses of scapula defects are important but the socio-cultural and environmental context of this sample suggests a link to vitamin D deficiency.

Significance

This finding expands the range of pathological changes known to occur in rickets, helping to improve recognition of this condition in past groups.

Limitations

Small sample sizes prevented observation of the defect in adolescents with rickets. Defects can affect the positioning of standardised scapula length measures, complicating assessments of growth impacts.

Suggestions for future research

Continued research into the range of skeletal changes that can develop in vitamin D deficiency to improve the identification of this deficiency in past groups.

目的1971年，Weiss在患有维生素D缺乏性佝偻病的青少年中发现了一种“肩胛骨征”，包括肩胛骨下角的缺损，但此后很少有研究。本研究旨在探讨这一缺陷的病理变化与其他骨骼表现维生素D缺乏性佝偻病的青少年。材料和方法对来自两个中世纪后英国组合的527例年龄从出生到12岁的青少年进行宏观评估，以记录下角度的病理变化范围。记录肩胛骨最大长度并评估辅助x线片。结果155例伴有其他佝偻病指标的青少年中，34例(22%)出现下角变钝、变平或变方，严重活动性佝偻病患者多见。边界粗化和拔罐畸形在影像学上被识别，以及愈合病例的残留缺陷。患有活动性佝偻病的青少年肩胛骨长度并不总是偏离任何年龄组的预期。结论部分佝偻病患儿的肩胛骨征可辨认。肩胛骨缺陷的鉴别诊断很重要，但该样本的社会文化和环境背景表明与维生素D缺乏有关。意义:这一发现扩大了佝偻病已知病理变化的范围，有助于提高过去人群对这种疾病的认识。局限性:小样本量妨碍了对青少年佝偻病缺陷的观察。缺陷会影响标准化肩胛骨长度测量的定位，使生长影响的评估复杂化。对未来研究的建议继续研究维生素D缺乏症可能导致的骨骼变化范围，以改善对过去人群中维生素D缺乏症的识别。

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引用次数: 1

The frequency and macromorphological classification of abnormal blood vessel impressions and periosteal appositions of the dura mater in an early modern osteological collection from Poland 波兰早期现代骨标本中异常血管印痕和硬脑膜骨膜侧位的频率和大形态学分类

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.04.001

Joanna Wysocka, Agata Cieślik

Objective

The macromorphological characteristics and frequency of endocranial abnormal blood vessel impressions (ABVI) and periosteal appositions of dura mater (PADM), and their association with sex, age-at-death and scurvy-like lesions were studied. The possible etiologies of these lesions were discussed.

Materials

A total of 144 adult skulls excavated from an early modern (16th-19th c. CE) cemetery at the Czysty Square in Wrocław (Poland) were examined, most of which were intact.

Methods

The endocranial surface was inspected with an endoscope for the presence, location, and severity of ABVI and PADM. Frequencies of ABVI and PADM were grouped by sex and age-at-death.

Results

A little more than a half (53.5 %) of the examined skulls were affected by ABVI and/or PADM. PADM were more frequent in females. However, both alteration types occurred with similar frequencies across all age-at-death categories.

Conclusions

The high frequency of ABVI and PADM suggests that meningeal infections and/or hemorrhage among inhabitants of early modern Wrocław, especially in females, were common.

Significance

The paper emphasizes the need for using an endoscope in standard anthropological analysis of intact skulls, as it allows for a nondestructive inspection of the endocranial surface.

Limitations

The endoscope did not allow for an accurate examination of the middle cranial fossa.

Suggestions for further research

Comparative studies with other historical populations are necessary to better understand the possible etiologies of macromorphological and demographic characteristics of ABVI and PADM.

目的探讨颅内异常血管印像(ABVI)和硬脑膜骨膜侧位(PADM)的宏观形态学特征、发生频率及其与性别、死亡年龄和坏血病样病变的关系。讨论了这些病变的可能病因。研究人员检查了在Wrocław(波兰)Czysty广场的一个早期现代(公元16 -19世纪)墓地中出土的144具成人头骨，其中大部分完好无损。方法采用内窥镜检查颅内表面ABVI和PADM的存在、位置和严重程度。ABVI和PADM的频率按性别和死亡年龄分组。结果超过一半(53.5%)的颅骨受ABVI和/或PADM的影响。PADM在女性中更为常见。然而，这两种变化类型在所有死亡年龄类别中发生的频率相似。结论ABVI和PADM的高频率表明，早期现代Wrocław居民中，特别是女性，脑膜感染和/或出血是常见的。本文强调了在完整头骨的标准人类学分析中使用内窥镜的必要性，因为它允许对颅内表面进行无损检查。局限性内窥镜不能准确检查中颅窝。进一步研究建议:为了更好地了解ABVI和PADM的宏观形态学和人口统计学特征，有必要与其他历史人群进行比较研究。

{"title":"The frequency and macromorphological classification of abnormal blood vessel impressions and periosteal appositions of the dura mater in an early modern osteological collection from Poland","authors":"Joanna Wysocka, Agata Cieślik","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The macromorphological characteristics and frequency of endocranial abnormal blood vessel impressions (ABVI) and periosteal appositions of dura mater (PADM), and their association with sex, age-at-death and scurvy-like lesions were studied. The possible etiologies of these lesions were discussed.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>A total of 144 adult skulls excavated from an early modern (16th-19th c. CE) cemetery at the Czysty Square in Wrocław (Poland) were examined, most of which were intact.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The endocranial surface was inspected with an endoscope for the presence, location, and severity of ABVI and PADM. Frequencies of ABVI and PADM were grouped by sex and age-at-death.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A little more than a half (53.5 %) of the examined skulls were affected by ABVI and/or PADM. PADM were more frequent in females. However, both alteration types occurred with similar frequencies across all age-at-death categories.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The high frequency of ABVI and PADM suggests that meningeal infections and/or hemorrhage among inhabitants of early modern Wrocław, especially in females, were common.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>The paper emphasizes the need for using an endoscope in standard anthropological analysis of intact skulls, as it allows for a nondestructive inspection of the endocranial surface.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The endoscope did not allow for an accurate examination of the middle cranial fossa.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Comparative studies with other historical populations are necessary to better understand the possible etiologies of macromorphological and demographic characteristics of ABVI and PADM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 78-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9608814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1