Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.07.001
Ana Ribeiro , Pierre-Hadrien Decaup , Marion Andriantavy , Christine Couture , Elsa Garot
Objective
To provide an evidence-based resource for paleopathologists to consider multiple skeletal indicators of pathology associated with early tooth loss in children to aid in diagnosis.
Materials
Three databases (Cochrane Library, MedLine, and Scopus) were used for a review.
Methods
According to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) criteria, a systematic review guideline, 85 articles were selected.
Results
A total of 189 children had a syndrome or disease associated with early tooth loss. Our review, based on 25 diseases, lists the bone and dental lesions observable in archeological remains.
Conclusions
Based on a review of the literature, a synthesis of 25 diseases and syndromes that may be associated with premature loss of permanent or deciduous teeth in children was developed for paleopathologists. It highlights the importance of a thorough dental examination by paleopathologists to further assess past health conditions.
Significance
This paper provides an extensive resource addressing early tooth loss in childhood to assist researchers with differential diagnosis.
Limitations
The articles included in this review are case reports based on living populations.
Suggestions for further research
Further studies into diseases and their association with early tooth loss would complement this work, as would utilizing the differential diagnoses on archeological individuals to clarify its value and limitations.
目的为古病理学家提供以证据为基础的资源，以考虑与儿童早期缺牙相关的多种骨骼病理指标，从而帮助诊断。方法根据系统综述指南 PRISMA（系统综述和 Meta 分析首选报告项目）标准，选择了 85 篇文章。我们的综述以 25 种疾病为基础，列出了在考古遗存中可观察到的骨骼和牙齿病变。结论根据文献综述，我们为古病理学家总结了 25 种可能与儿童恒牙或乳牙过早脱落有关的疾病和综合征。本文提供了有关儿童早期牙齿缺失的大量资料，可帮助研究人员进行鉴别诊断。对进一步研究的建议对疾病及其与早期牙齿缺失的关系进行进一步研究将是对这项工作的补充，对考古个体进行鉴别诊断也将有助于明确其价值和局限性。
{"title":"Skeletal indicators of pathology in the context of early tooth loss in children: A systematic literature review","authors":"Ana Ribeiro , Pierre-Hadrien Decaup , Marion Andriantavy , Christine Couture , Elsa Garot","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To provide an evidence-based resource for paleopathologists to consider multiple skeletal indicators of pathology associated with early tooth loss in children to aid in diagnosis.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Three databases (Cochrane Library, MedLine, and Scopus) were used for a review.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>According to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) criteria, a systematic review guideline, 85 articles were selected.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 189 children had a syndrome or disease associated with early tooth loss. Our review, based on 25 diseases, lists the bone and dental lesions observable in archeological remains.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Based on a review of the literature, a synthesis of 25 diseases and syndromes that may be associated with premature loss of permanent or deciduous teeth in children was developed for paleopathologists. It highlights the importance of a thorough dental examination by paleopathologists to further assess past health conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This paper provides an extensive resource addressing early tooth loss in childhood to assist researchers with differential diagnosis.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The articles included in this review are case reports based on living populations.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Further studies into diseases and their association with early tooth loss would complement this work, as would utilizing the differential diagnoses on archeological individuals to clarify its value and limitations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 37-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981724003000/pdfft?md5=5c55bd966e1545a809a5f47513e256ef&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981724003000-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to analyse an individual whose remains are characterised by early deciduous tooth loss and multi-focal lesions on the post-cranial skeleton.
Materials
Skeletal remains of an immature individual buried between 1770 and 1849 in London.
Methods
The remains were examined by visual macroscopic inspection, supplemented by radiographic examination of the mandible and maxillae. A differential diagnosis with possible conditions, frequent in this archaeological context, was conducted. A comprehensive examination of dental lesions was performed to investigate the aetiologies of deciduous tooth loss.
Results
The individual exhibited a mosaic of skeletal and dental pathological changes, including premature loss of deciduous dentition, premature eruption of permanent teeth generalised bone loss in both the mandible and maxilla; osteomyelitis of the left radius; osteolytic lesion on the body of the second lumbar vertebra, and marked expansions of the rib shafts due to sub-periosteal new bone formation.
Conclusion
A differential diagnosis considered indicates that the pathological changes of the individual were most likely associated with a comorbidity involving hypophosphatasia and tuberculosis.
Significance
We present in this study several oral signs that could alert paleopathologists and bioarcheologists to systematically consider the potential of a condition that is rarely encountered in archaeological contexts.
Limitations
Due to poor preservation, this study was confined to the analysis of a partial maxilla and mandible, a left radius shaft and the axial skeleton (rib heads and vertebrae) of the individual.
Suggestions for further research
Further radiographic, histological and genetic analyses would confirm the diagnosis.
{"title":"A probable case of hypophosphatasia in St Bride’s Lower Churchyard (1770–1849, London, UK)","authors":"Pierre-Hadrien Decaup , Ana Ribeiro , Christine Couture , Sacha Kacki , Tania Kausmally , Elsa Garot","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The objective of this study was to analyse an individual whose remains are characterised by early deciduous tooth loss and multi-focal lesions on the post-cranial skeleton.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Skeletal remains of an immature individual buried between 1770 and 1849 in London.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The remains were examined by visual macroscopic inspection, supplemented by radiographic examination of the mandible and maxillae. A differential diagnosis with possible conditions, frequent in this archaeological context, was conducted. A comprehensive examination of dental lesions was performed to investigate the aetiologies of deciduous tooth loss.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The individual exhibited a mosaic of skeletal and dental pathological changes, including premature loss of deciduous dentition, premature eruption of permanent teeth generalised bone loss in both the mandible and maxilla; osteomyelitis of the left radius; osteolytic lesion on the body of the second lumbar vertebra, and marked expansions of the rib shafts due to sub-periosteal new bone formation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A differential diagnosis considered indicates that the pathological changes of the individual were most likely associated with a comorbidity involving hypophosphatasia and tuberculosis.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>We present in this study several oral signs that could alert paleopathologists and bioarcheologists to systematically consider the potential of a condition that is rarely encountered in archaeological contexts.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Due to poor preservation, this study was confined to the analysis of a partial maxilla and mandible, a left radius shaft and the axial skeleton (rib heads and vertebrae) of the individual.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Further radiographic, histological and genetic analyses would confirm the diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 24-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981724002997/pdfft?md5=cda5986f6b0cac781ffb0f957640095f&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981724002997-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141623386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.05.004
Michele M. Bleuze , Ellen Fricano , Jessica M. Farrell , James E. Brady
Objective
This case study evaluates a focal osteolytic lesion in the right sulcus sinus transversi of an isolated os occipitale.
Materials
The os occipitale is from a juvenile from the Cueva de Sangre at the Classic Period (250−900 CE) site of Dos Pilas, Guatemala
Methods
The lesion was examined macroscopically, microscopically, and radiographically.
Results
The oval lesion has a well-circumscribed margin, endocranial origin, and involves cortical destruction of the inner and outer tables. Subperiosteal bone reaction around the lesion is present on the ectocranial surface. Skeletal evidence of increased vascularity, diploë expansion, and perimortem fracture near the lesion are not observed.
Conclusions
The lesion appears to reflect a response to the presence of an expansile process that has caused pressure erosion. The anatomical location of the lesion and the endocranial origin suggest a probable vascular anomaly, such as a vascular malformation.
Significance
This case study represents one of the few bioarchaeological evaluations of probable vascular anomaly in a juvenile. As such, it expands our knowledge about vascular anomalies in the past and provides a comparative and core reference for guiding future paleopathological investigations on cranial osteolytic lesions.
Limitations
The skeletal assemblage is commingled and fragmentary preventing the assessment of the distribution of lesions across the skeleton.
Suggestions for future research
Further scrutiny of bioarchaeological collections is needed to better understand the distribution of vascular anomalies in the past.
{"title":"A calvarial osteolytic lesion of probable vascular origin in a Maya juvenile from the Classic Period ( 250−900 CE)","authors":"Michele M. Bleuze , Ellen Fricano , Jessica M. Farrell , James E. Brady","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This case study evaluates a focal osteolytic lesion in the right sulcus sinus transversi of an isolated os occipitale.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>The os occipitale is from a juvenile from the Cueva de Sangre at the Classic Period (250−900 CE) site of Dos Pilas, Guatemala</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The lesion was examined macroscopically, microscopically, and radiographically.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The oval lesion has a well-circumscribed margin, endocranial origin, and involves cortical destruction of the inner and outer tables. Subperiosteal bone reaction around the lesion is present on the ectocranial surface. Skeletal evidence of increased vascularity, diploë expansion, and perimortem fracture near the lesion are not observed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The lesion appears to reflect a response to the presence of an expansile process that has caused pressure erosion. The anatomical location of the lesion and the endocranial origin suggest a probable vascular anomaly, such as a vascular malformation.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This case study represents one of the few bioarchaeological evaluations of probable vascular anomaly in a juvenile. As such, it expands our knowledge about vascular anomalies in the past and provides a comparative and core reference for guiding future paleopathological investigations on cranial osteolytic lesions.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The skeletal assemblage is commingled and fragmentary preventing the assessment of the distribution of lesions across the skeleton.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for future research</h3><p>Further scrutiny of bioarchaeological collections is needed to better understand the distribution of vascular anomalies in the past.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981724002900/pdfft?md5=79b98285077e0da488d4e731f3a48476&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981724002900-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141303418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.05.003
S. Mays , S. Stark , S. Zakrzewski , A. Vekony
Objectives
To determine which types of bone lesion (spicules, lobules, porous bone) in the maxillary sinus indicate sinusitis
Methods
Subadjacent dental disease is a cause of maxillary sinusitis; if a lesion type indicates sinusitis it should be more common above diseased posterior maxillary teeth than a lesion type that is not indicative of sinusitis. The study sample is a British Mediaeval human skeletal collection.
Results
Porous bone lesions (chiefly new bone deposits) in maxillary sinuses are associated with subadjacent dental disease; spicules/lobules of bone in the sinus are not.
Conclusions
The results support the idea that porous lesions indicate sinusitis but the spicules/lobules may not. Spicules, lobules and porous lesions within the maxillary sinus should be analysed separately in biocultural studies; it would be prudent to regard only the porous lesions as indicative of sinusitis.
Significance
Maxillary sinusitis is commonly used as a health indicator in palaeopathology, and spicular deposits are generally the most common type of alterations. By assuming that they are indicative of sinusitis we may have been greatly overestimating the prevalence of bony sinusitis in the past.
Limitations
These conclusions are provisional. Further work on larger, more diverse samples, together with more detailed anatomical studies on lesion location and structure is ongoing.
{"title":"Which types of bony changes in the maxillary sinus indicate chronic sinusitis?","authors":"S. Mays , S. Stark , S. Zakrzewski , A. Vekony","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To determine which types of bone lesion (spicules, lobules, porous bone) in the maxillary sinus indicate sinusitis</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Subadjacent dental disease is a cause of maxillary sinusitis; if a lesion type indicates sinusitis it should be more common above diseased posterior maxillary teeth than a lesion type that is not indicative of sinusitis. The study sample is a British Mediaeval human skeletal collection.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Porous bone lesions (chiefly new bone deposits) in maxillary sinuses are associated with subadjacent dental disease; spicules/lobules of bone in the sinus are not.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results support the idea that porous lesions indicate sinusitis but the spicules/lobules may not. Spicules, lobules and porous lesions within the maxillary sinus should be analysed separately in biocultural studies; it would be prudent to regard only the porous lesions as indicative of sinusitis.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Maxillary sinusitis is commonly used as a health indicator in palaeopathology, and spicular deposits are generally the most common type of alterations. By assuming that they are indicative of sinusitis we may have been greatly overestimating the prevalence of bony sinusitis in the past.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>These conclusions are provisional. Further work on larger, more diverse samples, together with more detailed anatomical studies on lesion location and structure is ongoing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 16-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981724002894/pdfft?md5=cd4edde9824f9aba428af7f228b9d153&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981724002894-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141303417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.05.002
João Tiago Brito , Ana Luísa Santos
Objective
This study explores the interplay between age-at-death, sex and occupation and the presence, location and severity of Schmorl’s nodes.
Materials
Vertebral columns of 327 individuals, 180 (55.1%) males and 147 (44.9%) females, with age-at-death between 20 and 65 years old, with known occupation.
Methods
Schmorl’s nodes were recorded as present/absent and by location and severity.
Results
In this sample, 58.7% (192/327) of individuals were affected by Schmorl’s nodes, 75.6% (136/180) were males and 38.1% (56/147) were females, with statistically significant differences (p=0.000). Schmorl’s nodes were most commonly found on the T7-L2 (77.1% of all Schmorl’s nodes) vertebrae and at the center (73.4%) of the vertebral body surface. Age and occupational categories did not correlate with prevalence, quantity or severity.
Conclusions
Males appear more prone to develop Schmorl's nodes than females. In this study, the prevalence of Schmorl’s nodes does not increase with age, nor with the type of occupation held by males.
Significance
This study rejects the purported associations between prevalence of Schmorl’s nodes and age and physical stress.
Limitations
It is unknown whether individuals had the same occupation throughout their lives or for how long they performed it. Additionally, it is impossible to access when the individual developed the Schmorl’s node.
Suggestions for further research
Evaluate the onset of Schmorl’s nodes in individuals under 20 and explore possible links between vertebral morphology and the occurrence of Schmorl’s nodes.
{"title":"Schmorl's nodes in a historic adult skeletal sample (19th to 20th centuries): An analysis of age, sex and occupation","authors":"João Tiago Brito , Ana Luísa Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study explores the interplay between age-at-death, sex and occupation and the presence, location and severity of Schmorl’s nodes.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Vertebral columns of 327 individuals, 180 (55.1%) males and 147 (44.9%) females, with age-at-death between 20 and 65 years old, with known occupation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Schmorl’s nodes were recorded as present/absent and by location and severity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In this sample, 58.7% (192/327) of individuals were affected by Schmorl’s nodes, 75.6% (136/180) were males and 38.1% (56/147) were females, with statistically significant differences (<em>p=</em>0.000). Schmorl’s nodes were most commonly found on the T7-L2 (77.1% of all Schmorl’s nodes) vertebrae and at the center (73.4%) of the vertebral body surface. Age and occupational categories did not correlate with prevalence, quantity or severity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Males appear more prone to develop Schmorl's nodes than females. In this study, the prevalence of Schmorl’s nodes does not increase with age, nor with the type of occupation held by males.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This study rejects the purported associations between prevalence of Schmorl’s nodes and age and physical stress.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>It is unknown whether individuals had the same occupation throughout their lives or for how long they performed it. Additionally, it is impossible to access when the individual developed the Schmorl’s node.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Evaluate the onset of Schmorl’s nodes in individuals under 20 and explore possible links between vertebral morphology and the occurrence of Schmorl’s nodes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981724002882/pdfft?md5=505a54d41981c3f934ac574cb5c68dec&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981724002882-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141249807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.004
Ileana Micarelli , Mary Anne Tafuri , Lorna Tilley
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Disability and care in Western Europe during Medieval times: A bioarchaeological perspective” [Int. J. Paleopathol. 44 (2024) 119–125]","authors":"Ileana Micarelli , Mary Anne Tafuri , Lorna Tilley","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"45 ","pages":"Page 73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981724002018/pdfft?md5=c3945deb22e0e16a4f24d63cf4f3b966&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981724002018-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.05.001
Jack Eggington , Rebecca Pitt , Claire Hodson
Objectives
This research aims to determine the aetiology of porosity and subperiosteal new bone formation on the inferior surface of the pars basilaris.
Materials
A total of 199 non-adult individuals aged 36 weeks gestation to 3.5 years, from a total of 12 archaeological sites throughout the UK, including Iron Age (n=43), Roman (n=12), and post-medieval (n=145) sites, with a preserved pars basilaris.
Methods
The pars basilaris was divided into six segments, with porosity (micro and macro) and subperiosteal new bone formation recorded on the inferior surface in scorbutic and non-scorbutic individuals. Scurvy was diagnosed using criteria from the palaeopathological literature that was developed using a biological approach.
Results
There was no statistically significant difference in microporosity between scorbutic and non-scorbutic individuals in four out of the six segments analysed. There was a significant negative correlation between age and microporosity in non-scorbutic and scorbutic individuals. A significant difference in subperiosteal new bone formation was observed between scorbutic and non-scorbutic individuals.
Conclusions
Microporosity on the inferior pars basilaris should not be considered among the suite of lesions included in the macroscopic assessment of scurvy in non-adult skeletal remains (less than 3.5 years).
Significance
This study highlights the risk of over diagnosing scurvy in past populations.
Limitations
It is difficult to distinguish between physiological (normal) and pathological (abnormal) bone changes in the skeleton of individuals less than one year of age.
Suggestions for further research
Future research should focus on the analysis of individuals over 3.5 years of age.
{"title":"A macroscopic assessment of porosity and new bone formation on the inferior pars basilaris: Normal growth or an indicator of scurvy?","authors":"Jack Eggington , Rebecca Pitt , Claire Hodson","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This research aims to determine the aetiology of porosity and subperiosteal new bone formation on the inferior surface of the <em>pars basilaris</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>A total of 199 non-adult individuals aged 36 weeks gestation to 3.5 years, from a total of 12 archaeological sites throughout the UK, including Iron Age (n=43), Roman (n=12), and post-medieval (n=145) sites, with a preserved <em>pars basilaris</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The <em>pars basilaris</em> was divided into six segments, with porosity (micro and macro) and subperiosteal new bone formation recorded on the inferior surface in scorbutic and non-scorbutic individuals. Scurvy was diagnosed using criteria from the palaeopathological literature that was developed using a biological approach.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was no statistically significant difference in microporosity between scorbutic and non-scorbutic individuals in four out of the six segments analysed. There was a significant negative correlation between age and microporosity in non-scorbutic and scorbutic individuals. A significant difference in subperiosteal new bone formation was observed between scorbutic and non-scorbutic individuals.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Microporosity on the inferior pars basilaris should not be considered among the suite of lesions included in the macroscopic assessment of scurvy in non-adult skeletal remains (less than 3.5 years).</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This study highlights the risk of over diagnosing scurvy in past populations.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>It is difficult to distinguish between physiological (normal) and pathological (abnormal) bone changes in the skeleton of individuals less than one year of age.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Future research should focus on the analysis of individuals over 3.5 years of age.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 62-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981724002870/pdfft?md5=e79b56cb8348d3050e4b27bc559c6414&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981724002870-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To analyze the overall frequency and inter-tooth patterns of caries in three populations from ancient cemeteries located along the western border of the Central Iranian Plateau as a means to explore whether the populations of Iran had greater access to fermentable sugars after the establishment of the great empires.
Materials
Dental collections from Kafarved-Varzaneh (Early Bronze Age, MNI=66), Estark-Joshaqan (Iron Age, MNI=57), Tappeh Poustchi (Timurid and Safavid Period, MNI=34), together with comparative data from NE Syria.
Methods
Frequencies of dental caries per tooth categories, location and size of carious lesions are analyzed using Smith’s Mean Measure of Divergence, Correspondence Analysis, χ2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Results
There are minimal differences in overall frequencies of carious lesions at Iranian sites, regardless of the chronology, but notable differences at Syrian sites. The inter-tooth pattern at the Iron Age cemetery in Estark appears distinctly different than the other Iranian sites and the comparative samples from Syria.
Conclusions
Divergent subsistence strategies may be linked with different inter-tooth patterns since people buried at Estark were mobile herders, while the other cemeteries were used by settled farmers.
Significance
This comprehensive research on dental caries in three chronologically diverse populations in Iran sheds light on the association between dental caries and subsistence strategies, and introduces the Smith’s Mean Measure of Divergence to explore inter-tooth carious patterns, which may prove useful to other researchers seeking to understand the relationships between subsistence, diet, and the presence of carious lesions.
Limitations
The studied sample size is relatively small and therefore its temporal/regional distribution produces low-resolution results.
Suggestions for further research
More systematic research on the patterns of dental caries is necessary to produce more fine-grained reconstructions of diet and subsistence in Iran and around the globe.
{"title":"Temporal pattern of dental caries at the western flank of the Central Plateau of Iran, c. 2700 BCE – 1600 CE","authors":"Tabasom Ilkhan , Joanna Trębicka , Arkadiusz Sołtysiak","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To analyze the overall frequency and inter-tooth patterns of caries in three populations from ancient cemeteries located along the western border of the Central Iranian Plateau as a means to explore whether the populations of Iran had greater access to fermentable sugars after the establishment of the great empires.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Dental collections from Kafarved-Varzaneh (Early Bronze Age, MNI=66), Estark-Joshaqan (Iron Age, MNI=57), Tappeh Poustchi (Timurid and Safavid Period, MNI=34), together with comparative data from NE Syria.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Frequencies of dental caries per tooth categories, location and size of carious lesions are analyzed using Smith’s Mean Measure of Divergence, Correspondence Analysis, χ<sup>2</sup> and Kruskal-Wallis tests.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There are minimal differences in overall frequencies of carious lesions at Iranian sites, regardless of the chronology, but notable differences at Syrian sites. The inter-tooth pattern at the Iron Age cemetery in Estark appears distinctly different than the other Iranian sites and the comparative samples from Syria.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Divergent subsistence strategies may be linked with different inter-tooth patterns since people buried at Estark were mobile herders, while the other cemeteries were used by settled farmers.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This comprehensive research on dental caries in three chronologically diverse populations in Iran sheds light on the association between dental caries and subsistence strategies, and introduces the Smith’s Mean Measure of Divergence to explore inter-tooth carious patterns, which may prove useful to other researchers seeking to understand the relationships between subsistence, diet, and the presence of carious lesions.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The studied sample size is relatively small and therefore its temporal/regional distribution produces low-resolution results.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>More systematic research on the patterns of dental caries is necessary to produce more fine-grained reconstructions of diet and subsistence in Iran and around the globe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 55-61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140807491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.003
Gustavo Macêdo Do Carmo , Bruno Pereira Berto , Felipe Bisaggio Pereira , Sueli De Souza Lima , Hermínio Ismael De Araújo-Júnior , Ralph Maturano Pinheiro
Objective
To analyze the presence of protozoan parasites in bird coprolites from the Tremembé Formation (Oligocene of the Taubaté Basin).
Materials
Twenty avian coprolites embedded in pyrobituminous shale matrices.
Methods
Samples were rehydrated and subjected to spontaneous sedimentation.
Results
Paleoparasitological analyses revealed oocysts compatible with the Eimeriidae family (Apicomplexa) and one single Archamoebae (Amoebozoa) cyst.
Conclusions
The present work increases the amount of information about the spread of infections throughout the Cenozoic Era and reveals that the Brazilian paleoavifauna played an important role in the Apicomplexa and Amoebozoa life cycles.
Significance
This is the first record of protozoans in avian coprolites from the Oligocene of Brazil. These findings can help in the interpretation of phylogenies of coccidian parasites of modern birds, as certain taxonomic characters observed in the Oligocene Protozoa characterize monophyletic groups in current molecular phylogenetic analyses.
Limitations
None of the oocysts were sporulated; therefore, it is not possible to identify the morphotypes to genus or species.
Suggestions for further research
Our results create new perspectives related to biogeographic studies of the parasitic groups described and may improve the understanding of the temporal amplitude of parasitic evolutionary relationships between Protozoans and birds.
{"title":"Protozoan parasites of birds from the Tremembé formation (Oligocene of the Taubaté Basin), São Paulo, Brazil","authors":"Gustavo Macêdo Do Carmo , Bruno Pereira Berto , Felipe Bisaggio Pereira , Sueli De Souza Lima , Hermínio Ismael De Araújo-Júnior , Ralph Maturano Pinheiro","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To analyze the presence of protozoan parasites in bird coprolites from the Tremembé Formation (Oligocene of the Taubaté Basin).</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Twenty avian coprolites embedded in pyrobituminous shale matrices.</p></div><div><h3><strong>Methods</strong></h3><p>Samples were rehydrated and subjected to spontaneous sedimentation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Paleoparasitological analyses revealed oocysts compatible with the Eimeriidae family (Apicomplexa) and one single Archamoebae (Amoebozoa) cyst.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The present work increases the amount of information about the spread of infections throughout the Cenozoic Era and reveals that the Brazilian paleoavifauna played an important role in the Apicomplexa and Amoebozoa life cycles.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This is the first record of protozoans in avian coprolites from the Oligocene of Brazil. These findings can help in the interpretation of phylogenies of coccidian parasites of modern birds, as certain taxonomic characters observed in the Oligocene Protozoa characterize monophyletic groups in current molecular phylogenetic analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>None of the oocysts were sporulated; therefore, it is not possible to identify the morphotypes to genus or species.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Our results create new perspectives related to biogeographic studies of the parasitic groups described and may improve the understanding of the temporal amplitude of parasitic evolutionary relationships between Protozoans and birds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 46-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140632829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.002
Khrystyne Tschinkel , John Verano , Gabriel Prieto
Objective
This project seeks to create a differential diagnosis for lesions found on the skeletal remains of two children as a means to explore the presence of viral disease in 16th- century Peru.
Materials
Extremely well-preserved human remains of two children who died between the ages of 1–2 years old, recovered from the circum-contact (∼1540 CE) cemetery in Huanchaco, Peru.
Methods
Macroscopic and radiographic analysis.
Results
Both individuals present with cortical thickening, symmetrical destructive lesions, metaphyseal expansion, perforations, exposure of the medullary cavity, resorption of metaphyseal ends and necrosis of the long bones, and deposited reactive new bone. These features are consistent with osteomyelitis variolosa and bacterial osteomyelitis.
Conclusions
Three features of Individuals IG-124 and IG-493 suggest a highly consistent diagnosis of osteomyelitis variolosa: multiple skeletal lesions, the historical context of the area, and the high mortality rate of non-adults in the circum-contact cemetery.
Significance
Although viral infections are ubiquitous and well documented historically, their etiologies are often difficult to determine in archaeological populations. Orthopoxvirus variola (smallpox) is one of the many viruses whose archaeological impact is still under explored in skeletal remains.
Limitations
The absence of smallpox in other children from the Huanchaco cemetery creates difficulty in ascertaining true prevalence rates or information on potential outbreaks.
Suggestions for further research
Further research analyzing aDNA from calculus and/or residues using a DIP-GC-MS method might create a better understanding of how smallpox spread through the region.
{"title":"Two cases of smallpox from 1540 CE circum-contact (early colonial) Northern Coastal Peru","authors":"Khrystyne Tschinkel , John Verano , Gabriel Prieto","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This project seeks to create a differential diagnosis for lesions found on the skeletal remains of two children as a means to explore the presence of viral disease in 16th- century Peru.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Extremely well-preserved human remains of two children who died between the ages of 1–2 years old, recovered from the circum-contact (∼1540 CE) cemetery in Huanchaco, Peru.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Macroscopic and radiographic analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Both individuals present with cortical thickening, symmetrical destructive lesions, metaphyseal expansion, perforations, exposure of the medullary cavity, resorption of metaphyseal ends and necrosis of the long bones, and deposited reactive new bone. These features are consistent with osteomyelitis variolosa and bacterial osteomyelitis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Three features of Individuals IG-124 and IG-493 suggest a highly consistent diagnosis of osteomyelitis variolosa: multiple skeletal lesions, the historical context of the area, and the high mortality rate of non-adults in the circum-contact cemetery.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Although viral infections are ubiquitous and well documented historically, their etiologies are often difficult to determine in archaeological populations. <em>Orthopoxvirus variola</em> (smallpox) is one of the many viruses whose archaeological impact is still under explored in skeletal remains.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The absence of smallpox in other children from the Huanchaco cemetery creates difficulty in ascertaining true prevalence rates or information on potential outbreaks.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Further research analyzing aDNA from calculus and/or residues using a <em>DIP</em>-GC-MS method might create a better understanding of how smallpox spread through the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 35-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981724001992/pdfft?md5=3179789233e30ad35bab42123adb2aed&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981724001992-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140631246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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