International Journal of Paleopathology最新文献_第6页

Schmorl’s nodes in two 19th-20th century Spanish osteological collections from Valladolid and Granada 来自巴利亚多利德和格拉纳达的两个19 -20世纪西班牙骨学收藏品中的Schmorl淋巴结。

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.01.001

Marcos Plischuk , Gonzalo Garizoain , Rocío García Mancuso

Objective

This study examines how age at death, sex, and socio-historical context relate to the frequency, location, and severity of Schmorl’s nodes.

Materials

The sample comprised thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of 192 skeletons from two contemporary documented osteological collections from Spain, in Valladolid and Granada, both of which contain individuals who died during the second half of the 20th century.

Methods

Schmorl’s nodes were recorded on the superior and inferior surfaces of vertebral bodies and their location was categorized in one of three areas: center, canal, and periphery.

Results

The prevalence of Schmorl’s nodes was 57.42 % for the Valladolid collection and 67.39 % for Granada, with no significant differences between collections. Statistically significant differences were found between the sexes, but age at death did not correlate with the presence of the lesion.

Conclusions

This analysis supports the absence of a direct relationship between the pathology and the aging process, but shows a greater predisposition in male individuals, suggesting that vertebral morphology and/or physical activity might be key etiological factors.

Significance

This research enhances our understanding of the etiology of Schmorl's nodes by highlighting sex as a key variable and suggesting a lack of association with age.

Limitations

The absence of data on occupational activity prevents correlating this variable with the presence of Schmorl’s nodes.

Suggestions for further research

Conduct studies on geometric morphometric data to corroborate the evolutionary hypothesis proposed by other authors.

目的：本研究探讨死亡年龄、性别和社会历史背景与Schmorl淋巴结的发生频率、位置和严重程度的关系。材料：该样本包括来自西班牙巴利亚多利德和格拉纳达两处当代记录的骨骼收藏的192具骨骼的胸椎和腰椎，这两处收藏都包含了20世纪下半叶死亡的个体。方法：记录椎体上下表面的Schmorl淋巴结，并将其定位于中心、椎管和外周三个区域之一。结果：巴利亚多利德收集的施莫尔淋巴结患病率为57.42 %，格拉纳达收集的患病率为67.39 %，收集之间无显著差异。在性别之间发现了统计学上的显著差异，但死亡年龄与病变的存在无关。结论：该分析支持病理与衰老过程之间没有直接关系，但显示男性个体更容易出现这种情况，这表明椎体形态和/或身体活动可能是关键的病因。意义：本研究通过强调性别是一个关键变量，并提示缺乏与年龄的关联，增强了我们对Schmorl淋巴结病因学的理解。局限性：缺乏职业活动的数据，无法将该变量与Schmorl淋巴结的存在相关联。进一步研究建议：对几何形态计量学数据进行研究，以证实其他作者提出的进化假说。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the antiquity of rheumatoid arthritis: A case study from medieval Transylvania 探索类风湿关节炎的古代：中世纪特兰西瓦尼亚的一个案例研究

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.002

Megan A. Heron , Joseph Z. Forstot , Zsolt Nyárádi , Jonathan D. Bethard

Objective

To evaluate erosive pathological lesions on a skeleton from medieval Transylvania.

Materials

A skeleton from a Székely archaeological site in Transylvania was examined and radiocarbon dated to Cal 1300 CE - 1415 CE.

Methods

The skeletal remains were examined macroscopically and with radiographic imaging. A differential diagnosis was conducted following established protocols.

Results

The individual was estimated to be a probable adult female. Periarticular erosive lesions involving multiple synovial joints, particularly on the small joints of the hands and feet, were observed.

Conclusions

A differential diagnosis identifies lesions characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis dating prior to the mid-15th century.

Significance

The significance of this diagnosis is great since researchers debate the antiquity and spread of rheumatoid arthritis. Some researchers hypothesize that RA originated in the Americas and spread to Europe after the mid-15th century. However, this study asserts that RA existed in Europe prior to European colonization of the Americas.

Limitations

Only 30–40 % of the skeletal material was excavated, potentially impacting the differential diagnosis.

Suggestions for further research

This case encourages researchers to explore the presence of RA in other medieval groups within and beyond Transylvania as a means to reconstruct the antiquity and geographical distribution of the condition.

目的评价中世纪特兰西瓦尼亚一具骨骼的侵蚀性病理病变。在特兰西瓦尼亚的一个sz考古遗址中发现了一具骨架，放射性碳测定的年代为公元1300年至1415年。方法对遗骨进行宏观检查和影像学检查。根据既定方案进行鉴别诊断。结果该个体估计为成年雌性。观察到涉及多个滑膜关节的关节周围糜烂病变，特别是手和脚的小关节。结论鉴别诊断可鉴别15世纪中叶以前类风湿关节炎的病变特征。这一诊断的意义是巨大的，因为研究人员争论类风湿关节炎的古老和传播。一些研究人员假设风湿性关节炎起源于美洲，并在15世纪中期之后传播到欧洲。然而，这项研究断言，在欧洲殖民美洲之前，RA就存在于欧洲。局限性：只有30 - 40% %的骨骼材料被挖掘，可能影响鉴别诊断。该案例鼓励研究人员探索特兰西瓦尼亚内外其他中世纪群体中RA的存在，以此作为重建古代和地理分布条件的一种手段。

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引用次数: 0

Metabolic bone disease in an extinct neotropical primate 一种已灭绝的新热带灵长类动物的代谢性骨病。

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.003

André Vieira Araújo , Mário André Trindade Dantas , Alexandre Liparini , Mario Alberto Cozzuol , Lauren B. Halenar-Price , Rodrigo Martins Ribeiro , Fernando Henrique de Souza Barbosa , Francisco Bandeira , Hermínio Ismael de Araújo Júnior

Objective

This work evaluates the potential presence of bone disease in an extinct primate from late Pleistocene of Brazil.

Materials

The skull and post crania of an extinct platyrrhine primate, curated by the Museu de Ciências Naturais PUC, Brazil.

Methods

Pathological changes were noted via analysis of radiographic images and CT of the affected bones.

Results

The lesions noted include cortical thickening, sclerosis, and coarse trabeculae in the skull and long bones.

Conclusions

The features observed support the diagnosis of metabolic bone disease with lesions comparable to those seen in Paget's disease.

Significance

This specimen appears to be the only case is of metabolic bone disease in an extinct New World monkey and adds data to the paleopathological record of South American primates.

Limitations

The absence of other skeletal materials from individuals of the same genus for comparison makes differential diagnosis challenging, and conclusions must be drawn with caution.

Suggestions for further research

A more complete comparative sample of images involving more genera of living and extinct platyrrhines can help to rule out morphological oddities and design a more accurate diagnosis.

目的：本研究评估了巴西晚更新世的一种已灭绝灵长类动物可能存在的骨病：这项研究评估了巴西晚更新世一种已灭绝灵长类动物可能存在的骨病：材料：巴西 PUC 自然科学博物馆收藏的一种已灭绝的板齿灵长类动物的头骨和后颅骨：方法：通过分析受影响骨骼的放射影像和 CT，发现病理变化：结果：发现的病变包括头骨和长骨的皮质增厚、硬化和粗小梁：结论：观察到的特征支持代谢性骨病的诊断，其病变与帕吉特氏病的病变相似：该标本似乎是已灭绝的新大陆猴类中唯一的代谢性骨病病例，为南美洲灵长类动物的古病理学记录增添了数据：局限性：由于缺乏同属个体的其他骨骼材料进行比较，因此鉴别诊断具有挑战性，必须谨慎得出结论：进一步研究的建议：更完整的图像比较样本涉及更多在世和已灭绝的板手类属，有助于排除形态学上的怪异之处，并设计出更准确的诊断方法。

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引用次数: 0

Tracing Leprosy: The paleopathological study of the individuals excavated from the Sant Llàtzer leprosarium in Barcelona, Spain (12th-18th c.) 麻风病追踪：西班牙巴塞罗那Sant Llàtzer麻风病馆出土个体的古病理学研究（公元12 -18年）。

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.005

Núria Montes , Clara Jáuregui , Rosa Dinarès , Vanesa Triay , Andrea Fernández-Vilela , Jordi Ruiz , M. Eulàlia Subirà , Maria Fontanals-Coll

Objective

Our objectives are twofold: to analyse the frequency of leprosy-related pathological lesions in the cemetery of Sant Llàtzer Hospital (12th-18th c.); and to examine how individuals affected by the disease were perceived and integrated into society during that period in Barcelona.

Materials

The skeletal remains of 87 individuals recovered from the cemetery.

Methods

All remains were analysed macroscopically and, when required, radiographed.

Results

Of the total number of individuals (n=87), 21 (24.1 %) showed evidence indicative of leprosy. Notably, the frequency of leprosy cases was lower in the 13th-15th c. (10 %; n = 50), the only period for which multi-person graves were documented.

Conclusions

The frequency of leprosy-related lesions in Sant Llàtzer is similar to that observed in other European Christian leprosaria, although it varies across the centuries. There is no funerary evidence that leprosy sufferers were treated differently than other citizens.

Significance

The cemetery of Sant Llàtzer, the first in Spain directly linked to a leprosarium, uniquely spans a significant period of activity. Its exceptionally preserved remains and rich records have offered unparalleled insight into the disease and its profound social implications.

Limitations

Leprosy affects the bone in only a small percentage of untreated cases. Moreover, poor preservation of skeletal remains may prevent diagnosis.

Suggestions for Further Research

Biochemistry, genomics, and proteomics might provide new insights into the disease, the origin and migrations of the individuals buried in Sant Llàtzer, as well as other aspects of their daily lives.

目的：我们的目的有两个：分析Sant Llàtzer医院墓地（12 -18世纪）麻风相关病理病变的频率；并研究在巴塞罗那，人们是如何看待受这种疾病影响的个人并将其融入社会的。材料：从墓地中发现的87具遗骸。方法：对所有遗骸进行宏观分析，必要时进行x线摄影。结果：总人数（n=87）， 21（24.1% %）显示麻风迹象。值得注意的是，13 -15世纪的麻风病发病率较低(10 %；N = 50)，这是唯一一个有多人坟墓记录的时期。结论：Sant Llàtzer的麻风相关病变频率与其他欧洲基督教麻风患者相似，尽管在几个世纪中有所不同。没有丧葬证据表明麻风病患者受到与其他公民不同的对待。意义：Sant Llàtzer墓地是西班牙第一个与麻风院直接相连的墓地，独特地跨越了一个重要的活动时期。其保存完好的遗骸和丰富的记录为了解这种疾病及其深刻的社会影响提供了无与伦比的见解。局限性：麻风病仅在一小部分未经治疗的病例中影响骨骼。此外，骨骼残骸保存不良可能会妨碍诊断。进一步研究的建议：生物化学、基因组学和蛋白质组学可能为研究这种疾病、埋葬在Sant Llàtzer的个体的起源和迁徙，以及他们日常生活的其他方面提供新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

An ‘Index of Oro-dental Disease’: A holistic method for understanding the impacts of different risk factors on oral health in archaeological populations “口腔-牙病指数”：了解不同危险因素对考古人群口腔健康影响的整体方法

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.12.001

Anna M. Davies-Barrett , Richard Holliday , Nicholas S. Jakubovics , Sarah A. Inskip

Objective

To gain a more holistic understanding of oral health in the past by producing an ‘Index of Oro-dental Disease’ (IOD), incorporating multiple oro-dental diseases and accounting for differences in antemortem/postmortem alveolar bone and tooth loss.

Materials

UK Adult Dental Health Survey, 2009 anonymised dataset (N = 6206). Archaeological dental data from skeletal individuals from medieval and post-medieval Barton-upon-Humber, North Lincolnshire (N = 214, 1150–1855) and St James’s Gardens Burial Ground, London (N = 281, 1789–1853).

Methods

Creation of a formula for the production of index values. Application of the formula to clinical, ‘mock archaeological’, and archaeological datasets.

Results

Patterns in mean IOD values within different groups were identifiable regardless of preservation. It was possible to identify potential differences between IOD scores related to aging, tobacco consumption, geographical location, and time period.

Conclusions

Innovative use of modern clinical data and the production of ‘mock archaeological’ datasets provides validation of the IOD method. The approach may be useful for understanding the impact of different risk factors on oral health in the past, whilst also accounting for missing data and increasing comparability between groups.

Significance

Allows for the investigation of risk factors that affect overall oral health but manifest in different ways in different individuals, whilst also producing larger sample sizes.

Limitations

Impacts of age and posterior/anterior site positioning within the mouth suggest a careful consideration of age distribution and preservation of samples is required.

Future research

Future adaption and testing of the method on a greater range of population groups and different variables/risk factors for oro-dental disease.

目的通过编制“口腔-牙齿疾病指数”（IOD），综合多种口腔-牙齿疾病，并考虑死前/死后牙槽骨和牙齿脱落的差异，从而更全面地了解过去的口腔健康状况。资料suk成人牙齿健康调查，2009年匿名数据集（N = 6206）。考古牙齿数据来自中世纪和后中世纪亨伯河畔巴顿，北林肯郡（N = 214,1150 - 1855）和伦敦圣詹姆斯花园墓地（N = 281,1789 - 1853）的骨骼个体。方法建立一个公式，用于生产指标值。将公式应用于临床、“模拟考古”和考古数据集。结果无论保存与否，不同组内平均IOD值的变化规律均可识别。有可能确定与年龄、烟草消费、地理位置和时间段相关的IOD评分之间的潜在差异。现代临床数据的创新使用和“模拟考古”数据集的产生为IOD方法提供了验证。该方法可能有助于了解过去不同风险因素对口腔健康的影响，同时也可以解释缺失的数据并增加组间的可比性。意义允许调查影响整体口腔健康的风险因素，但在不同的个体中以不同的方式表现出来，同时也产生了更大的样本量。限制年龄和口腔内后/前位置的影响表明需要仔细考虑年龄分布和样品的保存。未来的研究该方法在更大范围的人群和不同的变量/口腔-牙病风险因素上的未来适应和测试。

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引用次数: 0

A case of enlarged parietal foramina or foramina parietalia permagna in an individual from the Chinchorro Culture of northern Chile (4000 BP) 智利北部 Chinchorro 文化（公元前 4000 年）中的一例顶孔或顶孔扩大症。

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.004

Vivien G. Standen , Susana Monsalve , Bernardo Arriaza , John Verano , Mario Rivera

Objective

The goal of this study was to analyze and differentially diagnose the presence of two large holes noted in the parietal bones of an individual and the presence of traumatic lesions.

Materials

A partially mummified young adult female associated with the Chinchorro culture, 4000 BP, from the coast of the Atacama Desert (northern Chile).

Methods

The bone lesions were evaluated macroscopically and radiologically. In addition, Sr isotopic analyses were performed on 62 individuals from eight sites associated with the Chinchorro culture.

Results

The parietal orifices are compatible with a rare anomaly of genetic origin known as foramina parietalia permagna (FPP). In addition, the cranial fracture pattern appear compatible with perimortem trauma, and Sr isotopes indicate a marine signal for Chinchorro populations.

Conclusions

This case serves as evidence that FPP was present in the early Andean populations and that endogamy and mutagenic factors might have contributed to its presence.

Significance

This paper expands our knowledge of the genetic anomalies that affected past populations and may contribute to our understanding of the etiologies of the condition.

Limitations

The absence of comparative FPP data inhibits comparative studies (with the exception of cases from California, USA).

Suggestions for future research

To explore in depth the genetic component of this condition in the Chinchorro populations.

目的：本研究的目的是分析和鉴别诊断个体顶骨中两个大洞的存在和创伤性病变的存在。资料：一具部分木乃伊化的年轻成年女性，与距今4000年前的钦克洛文化有关，发现于阿塔卡马沙漠海岸（智利北部）。方法：对骨病变进行宏观和影像学检查。此外，对来自8个与Chinchorro文化有关的地点的62个个体进行了Sr同位素分析。结果：顶骨孔与一种罕见的遗传来源异常称为顶骨孔（FPP）相容。此外，颅骨骨折模式似乎与死前创伤相一致，Sr同位素显示了Chinchorro种群的海洋信号。结论：本病例证明FPP在安第斯山脉早期人群中存在，内婚制和诱变因素可能促成了FPP的存在。意义：本文扩展了我们对影响过去人群的遗传异常的知识，并可能有助于我们对该病病因的理解。局限性：缺乏比较FPP数据限制了比较研究（美国加利福尼亚州的病例除外）。未来研究的建议：深入探索这种疾病在Chinchorro人群中的遗传成分。

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引用次数: 0

Histology of pulmonary tuberculosis in a 19th-century mummy from Comiso (Sicily, Italy) 科米索（意大利西西里岛）一具 19 世纪木乃伊的肺结核组织学研究。

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.11.001

Raffaele Gaeta , Valentina Giuffra , Frank Maixner , Giacomo Aringhieri , Antonio Fornaciari

Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate potential evidence of tuberculosis in mummified remains.

Materials

The natural mummy of an anonymous friar from the mortuary chapel of the church of Santa Maria della Grazia in Comiso (Sicily)

Methods

The mummy was studied through macroscopic examination; tissue sampling was conducted through breaches in the dorsal surface of the thorax. Radiological, histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on the pulmonary parenchyma.

Results

The mummified remains are those of an adult male approximately 25–45 years old. In the left lung, 7 intra parenchymal calcified nodules were detected. The fibrocalcific nodules showed some lacunae surrounded by fibrous tissue containing amorphous necrotic, most probably caseous, material.

Conclusions

These findings are compatible with a chronic infectious-inflammatory disease, likely a calcification of a previous Ghon complex of an apical nodular tuberculosis.

Significance

Our study supports the great spread of the disease in the 19th century; a time when it reached its maximum peak in Europe.

Limitations

Molecular investigations failed to detect traces of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in the sample.

Suggestions for further research

The investigation on the mummies from Comiso is still in progress, and further analyses will potentially provide paleopathological data on this community of Modern Age which could be integrated with historical and archival sources.

目的：本研究旨在调查木乃伊遗骸中结核病的潜在证据：本研究旨在调查木乃伊遗骸中结核病的潜在证据：材料：科米索（西西里岛）圣玛丽亚德拉格拉西亚教堂停尸房中一具无名修士的天然木乃伊方法：通过宏观检查对木乃伊进行研究；通过胸部背面的破损处进行组织取样。对肺实质进行了放射学、组织学和免疫组化分析：木乃伊遗骸是一具大约 25-45 岁的成年男性遗骸。在左肺中发现了 7 个实质内钙化结节。纤维钙化结节显示出一些裂隙，周围是纤维组织，内含无定形坏死物，很可能是酪质：这些发现与慢性感染-炎症性疾病相符，很可能是以前的根尖结节性结核的 Ghon 复合物的钙化：意义：我们的研究证实了该疾病在 19 世纪的广泛传播，当时该疾病在欧洲达到了最高峰：局限性：分子调查未能在样本中检测到结核分枝杆菌 DNA 的痕迹：对科米索木乃伊的调查仍在进行中，进一步的分析将有可能提供有关这个现代社会的古病理学数据，这些数据可与历史和档案资料相结合。

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引用次数: 0

Expanding the diagnostic scope of paleopathology: Identification of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) using a One Paleopathology approach 扩大古病理学的诊断范围：使用 "一种古病理学方法 "鉴定 Q 热（烧伤柯西氏杆菌）。

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.10.001

Christine Alvarez Jones

Objectives

This project is an application of the One Paleopathology approach to the study of Q fever (C. burnetii infection), a disease which is underdiagnosed and largely unknown in paleopathology.

Materials

Clinical and veterinary pathological case reports and reviews, bioarcheological and zooarchaeological data, veterinary and environmental studies of wild and domestic animal pathology, clinical molecular pathogen data

Methods

One Paleopathology approach which combines data from people, animals, and their environment to understand disease in the past.

Results

Q fever in animals presents as reproductive failure, with no typical skeletal manifestations seen in animals. Persistent Q fever (C. burnetii) focalized infection affects the human skeleton in predictable ways, including spondylodiscitis and extravertebral osteomyelitis or osteitis which can occur more commonly in children. Evidence of skeletal involvement suggests C. burnetii infection in the past is underestimated and underdiagnosed in humans.

Conclusion

Using the One Paleopathology approach can improve the study of C. burnetii infection in the past, where both animal and human paleopathology and environmental factors are assessed in developing potential diagnoses.

Significance

This project is the first paleopathological study to specifically focus awareness on identification of C. burnetii in past skeletal samples, both animal and human.

Limitations

Lack of paleopathological studies and existing reference literature identifying skeletal involvement associated with C. burnetii infection.

Suggestions for future research

Future paleopathological genomic studies should focus on identification of C. burnetii genotypes.

目的：本项目是将 "一个古病理学 "方法应用于 Q 热（烧伤蜱感染）研究：本项目是将 "一种古病理学方法 "应用于 Q 热（烧伤弧菌感染）的研究，这种疾病诊断不足，在古病理学中基本上不为人所知：材料：临床和兽医病理病例报告和综述、生物考古学和动物考古学数据、兽医和环境对野生和家养动物病理学的研究、临床分子病原体数据方法："一个古病理学 "方法，结合人、动物及其环境的数据来了解过去的疾病：动物的 Q 热表现为生殖衰竭，没有典型的骨骼表现。持续性 Q 热（C. burnetii）灶性感染会以可预测的方式影响人类骨骼，包括脊柱盘炎和椎体外骨髓炎或骨炎，这在儿童中更为常见。骨骼受累的证据表明，过去烧伤桿菌感染在人类中被低估和诊断不足：结论：使用 "一种古病理学 "方法可以改进对过去烧伤弧菌感染的研究，在研究潜在诊断时可对动物和人类古病理学及环境因素进行评估：该项目是第一项特别关注在过去的动物和人类骨骼样本中识别烧伤弧菌的古病理学研究：局限性：缺乏古病理学研究和现有参考文献来确定与烧伤桿菌感染相关的骨骼受累情况：未来研究建议：未来的古病理学基因组研究应侧重于识别烧伤桿菌的基因型。

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引用次数: 0

A severe case of bilateral humerus varus deformity from the Middle Bronze age necropolis of Olmo di Nogara, Northeast Italy. The contribution of biomechanical analysis to paleopathological study 意大利东北部Olmo di Nogara青铜时代中期墓地出土的一例严重的双侧肱骨屈曲畸形病例。生物力学分析对古病理学研究的贡献

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.07.005

Alessandro Canci , Damiano Marchi , Davide Caramella , Vitale S. Sparacello

Objective

To gain insights on possible impairment of a Middle Bronze Age individual with bilateral humerus varus buried with a sword in Northeastern Italy.

Materials

A skeleton of a 40–50-year-old male from Olmo di Nogara (Italy) compared to other males from the same necropolis and to Neolithic and Iron Age samples from Italy.

Methods

Macroscopic/X-rays analysis for pathological diagnosis and cross-sectional geometric analysis.

Results

Both humeri of the individual appear short with destruction of the humeral heads, showing severe osteoarthrosis and flattening of the scapular glenoid cavities. The individual showed appreciable humeral bilateral asymmetry; there is no evidence for sustained immobilization.

Conclusions

The pathological modifications suggest a diagnosis of bilateral humeral varism probably following an injury at birth. The individual’s life was likely not significantly affected, as evidence suggests that he remained active and possibly used weapons.

Significance

Biomechanical analyses provided a useful tool to reconstruct the life of the subject within the community, showing that this individual’s apparent upper limb abnormalities did not exempt him from a role as a warrior and highlighting the importance of the warrior identity in this Bronze Age society.

Limitations

The complex interaction between epiphyseal damage and shortening of the humerus makes it difficult to assess activity patterns. Only severe impairment leading to long-term immobilization can be excluded for this individual.

Suggestions for Further Research

Cross-sectional geometry may be used in other cases of humerus varus or bone dysplasia to investigate functional impairment.

材料一具来自意大利 Olmo di Nogara 的 40-50 岁男性骸骨，与来自同一墓地的其他男性骸骨以及意大利新石器时代和铁器时代的样本进行了比较。方法显微镜/X 射线分析进行病理诊断和横截面几何分析。结果该个体的双侧肱骨显得短小，肱骨头遭到破坏，显示出严重的骨关节病，肩胛骨盂腔变平。该患者的肱骨双侧明显不对称；没有证据表明其肱骨受到过持续固定。意义生物力学分析提供了一个有用的工具来重建该受试者在社区中的生活，表明该受试者明显的上肢畸形并没有使他摆脱战士的角色，并强调了战士身份在这个青铜时代社会中的重要性。局限肱骨骨骺损伤和肱骨缩短之间复杂的相互作用使评估活动模式变得困难。对进一步研究的建议横断面几何学可用于其他肱骨变曲或骨发育不良病例，以调查功能障碍。

{"title":"A severe case of bilateral humerus varus deformity from the Middle Bronze age necropolis of Olmo di Nogara, Northeast Italy. The contribution of biomechanical analysis to paleopathological study","authors":"Alessandro Canci , Damiano Marchi , Davide Caramella , Vitale S. Sparacello","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To gain insights on possible impairment of a Middle Bronze Age individual with bilateral humerus varus buried with a sword in Northeastern Italy.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>A skeleton of a 40–50-year-old male from Olmo di Nogara (Italy) compared to other males from the same necropolis and to Neolithic and Iron Age samples from Italy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Macroscopic/X-rays analysis for pathological diagnosis and cross-sectional geometric analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both humeri of the individual appear short with destruction of the humeral heads, showing severe osteoarthrosis and flattening of the scapular glenoid cavities. The individual showed appreciable humeral bilateral asymmetry; there is no evidence for sustained immobilization.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The pathological modifications suggest a diagnosis of bilateral humeral varism probably following an injury at birth. The individual’s life was likely not significantly affected, as evidence suggests that he remained active and possibly used weapons.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Biomechanical analyses provided a useful tool to reconstruct the life of the subject within the community, showing that this individual’s apparent upper limb abnormalities did not exempt him from a role as a warrior and highlighting the importance of the warrior identity in this Bronze Age society.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The complex interaction between epiphyseal damage and shortening of the humerus makes it difficult to assess activity patterns. Only severe impairment leading to long-term immobilization can be excluded for this individual.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for Further Research</h3><div>Cross-sectional geometry may be used in other cases of humerus varus or bone dysplasia to investigate functional impairment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879981724003048/pdfft?md5=fbb12b538b225ff2f1f5b34731a97835&pid=1-s2.0-S1879981724003048-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristics of dental malocclusion in a 18th/19th century population from Radom (Poland) 拉多姆（波兰）18/19 世纪人口的牙齿畸形特征。

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.09.001

Konrad Perkowski , Magdalena Marczyńska-Stolarek , Piotr Regulski , Jacek Tomczyk

Objective

The aim of the study was to assess the diachronicity of factors that produce malocclusion from the 18th century to the present.

Materials

A total of 74 adult individuals Radom (Poland) of both sexes were examined (males: 46, females: 28).

Methods

The skulls were grouped according to the type of malocclusion found: i) anterio-posterior (skeletal Class I/II/III), ii) transverse (cross bite/scissor bite), and iii) vertical (open bite/deep bite).

Results

Normal bites were recorded in 14 % (10/74) of the study group. Malocclusion was observed in the remaining cases (64/74, 86 %). Class I was diagnosed most often (53 %), and Class III (8 %) was the least common in the study group.

Conclusions

The observed order of frequency of Angle’s Classes (I > II > III) in the population from Radom indicates malocclusion was similar to that of the contemporary population. In the population from Radom, similar to other contemporary European populations, Class II defects were found at a higher frequency than Class III defects.

Significance

The research demonstrates the diachronic nature of the factors that produce different types of malocclusion in Polish populations over the past four centuries, even if these factors cannot be identified.

Limitation

The main limitation of this research is the relatively small sample size.

Suggestions for further research

Future studies should evaluate malocclusion in older populations from Radom and other areas of Poland and Europe.

研究目的研究的目的是评估从 18 世纪至今造成错颌畸形的因素的非同步性：方法：根据发现的错颌畸形类型对头骨进行分组：畸形头骨：男性46个；畸形头骨：女性28个：方法：根据发现的错颌畸形类型对头骨进行分组：i）前后咬合（骨骼等级 I/II/III）；ii）横向咬合（交叉咬合/剪刀式咬合）；iii）纵向咬合（开放式咬合/深咬合）：研究组中有 14%（10/74）的人咬合正常。其余病例（64/74，86%）均为错颌畸形。在研究组中，第一类咬合不正的诊断率最高（53%），第三类咬合不正的诊断率最低（8%）：在拉多姆人群中观察到的角分级频率顺序（I > II > III）表明，错颌畸形与当代人群相似。在拉多姆的人群中，发现 II 类缺陷的频率高于 III 类缺陷，这与其他当代欧洲人群相似：研究表明，在过去四个世纪中，在波兰人口中产生不同类型错颌畸形的因素具有非同步性，即使这些因素无法确定：局限性：这项研究的主要局限性在于样本量相对较小：今后的研究应评估拉多姆以及波兰和欧洲其他地区老年人口的错颌畸形情况。

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引用次数: 0