International Journal of Paleopathology最新文献_第4页

Bioarchaeological evidence of violent deaths from medieval Prague 中世纪布拉格暴力死亡的生物考古证据

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.05.001

Anna Pankowská , Petra Uhlík Spěváčková

Objective

This study aims to investigate the relationship between patterns of violence-related trauma and social, chronological, and demographic variables using skeletal remains from historical Prague.

Materials

300 human skulls of adults from nine medieval cemeteries divided into three periods: Early Middle Ages (800–1200), High Middle Ages (1200–1500), and Modern Period (1500–1800).

Methods

All bones were examined macroscopically for trauma (timing, location, type of trauma). We adapted the criteria outlined in the Istanbul Protocol for the identification of violence-related trauma. We used binary logistic regression to assess the trauma frequency.

Results

The analysis revealed no statistically significant relationship between patterns of violence-related trauma and the examined parameters. This lack of variation across socio-demographic predictors may reflect methodological limitations or cultural preference in choosing how to bury the deceased, but it could also suggest that violence impacted individuals across all groups indiscriminately.

Conclusions

The frequency of violent trauma on human bones in historical Prague is similar to other parts of medieval Europe. The absence of a difference in the prevalence of violence-related trauma between subgroups may indicate cultural and methodological bias.

Significance

This research provides new insights into the bioarchaeology of violence in historical Prague and illuminates a hitherto understudied chapter of history.

Limitations

The study is limited to the territory of the capital and focuses exclusively on cranial remains.

Suggestions for further research

In the future, comparative research could also be conducted comparing Prague burial sites with those found in significant urban centres in the Czech lands.

目的：本研究旨在利用布拉格历史上的遗骨，探讨暴力相关创伤模式与社会、时间和人口变量之间的关系。从9个中世纪墓地出土的300具成人头骨，分为三个时期：中世纪早期（800-1200）、中世纪鼎盛时期（1200-1500）和现代时期（1500-1800）。方法观察所有骨外伤（时间、部位、类型）。我们调整了《伊斯坦布尔议定书》中概述的识别与暴力有关的创伤的标准。我们使用二元逻辑回归来评估创伤频率。结果分析显示，暴力相关创伤模式与检查参数之间无统计学意义的关系。在社会人口预测指标中缺乏差异可能反映了方法上的局限性或选择如何埋葬死者的文化偏好，但它也可能表明暴力不分青红皂白地影响了所有群体的个人。结论历史上布拉格人类骨骼遭受暴力创伤的频率与中世纪欧洲其他地区相似。亚组之间暴力相关创伤发生率的差异可能表明文化和方法上的偏差。这项研究为历史上的布拉格暴力的生物考古学提供了新的见解，并阐明了迄今为止未被充分研究的历史篇章。局限性：这项研究仅限于首都地区，而且只关注头骨遗骸。对进一步研究的建议将来，还可以进行比较研究，将布拉格的墓地与在捷克土地上重要城市中心发现的墓地进行比较。

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引用次数: 0

Presentism in paleopathology, through the lens of male breast cancer 从男性乳腺癌的角度看古病理学中的现世主义

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.04.002

Thomas J. Siek

Objective

To highlight possible presentist biases within paleopathological differential diagnosis by calling into question the diagnostic value of the concept of clinical rarity in modern populations, with reference to male breast cancer as a case study.

Materials

Published paleopathological case reports of human skeletal remains estimated to be biologically male or possibly male with lesions attributed to metastatic carcinoma and multiple myeloma. Case reports from 1909 to 2017 were sourced from the Cancer Research in Ancient Bodies (CRAB) Database (n = 275), as well as a supplemental literature search for publications from 2018 to 2023.

Methods

Exclusion criteria were established to filter and identify paleopathological case reports published before 2024. All identified cases were assessed whether, when presented with metastatic lesions in the skeleton of a male, breast cancer was considered in the differential diagnosis or rejected, and the reasoning.

Results

Eighty-five case reports were identified that included skeletal remains estimated as male with metastatic lesions. Of these, 13 case reports considered male breast cancer in the differential diagnosis. This diagnosis was reasoned against by all but one, with most citing modern clinical rarity with little to no further consideration of this disease.

Conclusions

Presentism bias and the concept of clinical rarity may be hindering paleo-oncological research, as potential diagnoses are not often fully considered.

Significance

Paleopathological researchers are called on to re-examine their theoretical methodology and reflect on possible presentist biases in their investigation of diseases in the past.

Suggestions for future research

Further interrogation and consideration of male breast cancer in paleopathological differential diagnosis.

目的通过对现代人群中临床罕见度概念的诊断价值提出质疑，并以男性乳腺癌为例，强调古病理鉴别诊断中可能存在的现代人偏见。已发表的古病理学病例报告估计人类骨骼遗骸在生物学上是男性或可能是男性，病变归因于转移性癌和多发性骨髓瘤。1909年至2017年的病例报告来自古代身体癌症研究（CRAB）数据库（n = 275），以及2018年至2023年出版物的补充文献检索。方法建立筛选标准，筛选2024年以前发表的古病理病例报告。所有确定的病例都被评估，当男性骨骼出现转移性病变时，是否在鉴别诊断中考虑乳腺癌或拒绝诊断，以及原因。结果确定了85例病例报告，其中包括估计为男性转移性病变的骨骼残骸。其中，13例病例报告在鉴别诊断中考虑了男性乳腺癌。除了一个人之外，所有人都反对这个诊断，大多数人认为现代临床罕见，很少甚至没有进一步考虑这种疾病。结论存在偏见和临床罕见的概念可能阻碍了古肿瘤学的研究，因为潜在的诊断往往没有得到充分的考虑。疾病病理学研究人员被要求重新审视他们的理论方法，并反思他们过去在疾病调查中可能存在的偏见。对未来研究的建议男性乳腺癌在古病理鉴别诊断中的进一步探讨与思考。

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引用次数: 0

Insights into the anatomical expressions of anencephaly in three infants from 17th to 19th- century Lisbon, Portugal 17至19世纪葡萄牙里斯本三个无脑畸形婴儿的解剖表现

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.04.001

Marina Lourenço , Francisco Curate , Eugénia Cunha

Objective

This study aims to analyse and compare the cranial morphological variations in three individuals, each exhibiting different severity levels of malformations.

Materials

Three nearly complete and well-preserved skeletons of infants from the São Domingos children's necropolis in Lisbon, Portugal, dating from the 17th to early 19th centuries.

Methods

Macroscopic and metric assessments were performed aimed at creating a detailed description of the skeletons.

Results

The three infants exhibit an absence of the upper cranial vault, accompanied by several cranial bone alterations such as abnormal development and morphology of the occipital, sphenoid, temporal, and frontal bones. Additionally, two of the infants present maxillary and dental anomalies.

Conclusions

The three infants from the São Domingos necropolis provide crucial insights into the presence of anencephaly in an historical population, representing an exceptionally rare archaeological find. The distinct cranial abnormalities strongly support the diagnosis and highlight varying severity levels of the condition.

Significance

These examples enhance the recognition of anencephaly in archaeological contexts and deepen the understanding of its varied bone expressions. Examining skeletal variations within the same condition also complements the broader palaeopathological discussion of rare diseases.

Limitations

The lack of soft tissue preservation reduces a comprehensive assessment of anencephaly in skeletal remains. The archaeological context presents challenges such as fragmentation. Additionally, determining postnatal survival is difficult due to the subtle or absent skeletal indicators that might suggest survival beyond birth.

Suggestions for further research

Biomolecular genetics analysis could be a valuable approach for future research.

目的分析和比较3例不同程度畸形患者的颅形态差异。葡萄牙里斯本多明戈斯儿童墓地出土的三具几乎完整且保存完好的婴儿骨骼，可追溯到17世纪至19世纪初。方法进行宏观和度量评估，以建立骨骼的详细描述。结果3例患儿均表现为上颅穹窿缺失，伴有枕骨、蝶骨、颞骨和额骨发育和形态异常等颅骨改变。此外，两名婴儿出现上颌和牙齿异常。结论：来自多明戈斯墓地的三名婴儿为研究历史上无脑儿的存在提供了至关重要的见解，这是一个极其罕见的考古发现。明显的颅骨异常有力地支持了诊断，并突出了病情的不同严重程度。这些例子增强了对考古背景下无脑畸形的认识，加深了对其不同骨骼表达的理解。在相同条件下检查骨骼变异也补充了对罕见疾病的更广泛的古病理学讨论。局限性：软组织保存的缺乏降低了对骨骼残骸中无脑畸形的全面评估。考古背景提出了诸如碎片化等挑战。此外，由于骨骼指标的微妙或缺失可能表明出生后存活，因此确定出生后存活是困难的。生物分子遗传学分析是一种有价值的研究方法。

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引用次数: 0

Embracing complexity. Porous cranial lesions and their paleopathological significance in two population samples from Neolithic Northern Germany 拥抱的复杂性。德国北部新石器时代两个人群样本的多孔性颅骨病变及其古病理学意义

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.03.001

Emmanuele Petiti , Daria Moser , Detlef Jantzen , Florian Klimscha , Katharina Fuchs

Objective

To assess phenotypic variation of porous cranial lesions and their co-occurrence with infections of the upper respiratory apparatus and endocranial lesions, to infer disease burden in two different Neolithic socio-economic groups.

Materials

Human skulls of at least 111 individuals from a collective grave at Sorsum (farmers) and 30 individual biurials at Ostorf (aquatic foragers) from northern Germany (c. 3300–2900 BCE).

Methods

A new data recording protocol for scoring porous cranial lesion phenotypic variation and the assessment of inter- and intra-site frequencies and anatomical distribution. Statistical analysis of lesion frequencies and co-occurrences.

Results

High odds of porous cranial lesions and upper respiratory apparatus lesions co-occurrence, and of subperiosteal new bone formation of the vault (a porous cranial lesion phenotype) and endocranial lesions, are noted for both sites. Site-specific phenotypic profiles and distribution patterns differ. For Sorsum, juvenile individuals show greater porous cranial lesion frequencies and active lesions.

Conclusions

Considering disease interplay is key for understanding porous cranial lesion phenotypic variation. Disease profiles can be associated with subsistence strategies. The results rule out dichotomic models (e.g. “civilization stress”) and support more nuanced reconstructions of the Neolithic social-economic transformations.

Significance

This study emphasizes the need to adopt data recording protocols that include a wider range of porous cranial lesions to understand overlapping pathophysiological pathways.

Limitations

Considerable preservation bias of the population samples. Inter-observer error is to be tested. Radiographic analyses are needed to corroborate the results.

Suggestions for further research

Further studies on larger assemblages from different geographical and chronological contexts are needed.

目的评估多孔性颅脑病变的表型变异及其与上呼吸道感染和颅内病变的共发情况，推断新石器时代两个不同社会经济群体的疾病负担。材料：在德国北部（公元前3300-2900年）的Sorsum（农民）集体坟墓中发现了至少111个人类头骨，在Ostorf（水生觅食者）发现了30个生物头骨。方法采用一种新的数据记录方法，对多孔性颅骨病变的表型变异进行评分，并对其位点间和位点内频率及解剖分布进行评估。病变频率及共现的统计分析。结果多孔性颅骨病变和上呼吸道病变同时发生的几率很高，骨膜下穹窿新骨形成（多孔性颅骨病变表型）和颅内病变在这两个部位都是显著的。位点特异性表型特征和分布模式不同。对于Sorsum，青少年个体表现出更大的多孔性颅骨病变频率和活动性病变。结论考虑疾病间的相互作用是理解多孔性颅骨病变表型变异的关键。疾病概况可与生存策略相关联。研究结果排除了二分模型（如“文明压力”），并支持对新石器时代社会经济转型进行更细致入微的重建。本研究强调需要采用包括更广泛的多孔性颅骨病变的数据记录方案，以了解重叠的病理生理通路。局限性：总体样本存在相当大的保存偏差。观察者之间的误差有待检验。需要放射学分析来证实结果。进一步的研究建议需要对不同地理和时间背景下的大型组合进行进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 0

A short and sickly life. Multi-indicator analysis of an infant from a late antique Italian burial site (Piano della Civita, Artena, 3rd-5th cent CE) 短暂而多病的一生。意大利古代晚期墓葬中一个婴儿的多指标分析（Piano della Civita, Artena，公元3 -5世纪）

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.03.004

Viola Cecconi , Alessia Nava , Federico Lugli , Alissa Mittnik , Susanna Sawyer , Jan Gadeyne , Cécile Brouillard , Ron Pinhasi , David Reich , Alessandra Sperduti

Objective

To evaluate pathological lesions and related growth impairment in an infant from a late antiquity context in central Italy.

Materials

The individual labeled as 04.AR.60004 comes from a small burial plot in Piano della Civita di Artena, Italy, dated to the 3rd-5th centuries.

Methods

Macroscopic examination, metric analysis, dental histomorphometry, amelogenin sequencing, and aDNA analyses were employed.

Results

Individual 04.AR.60004 is an infant male with an estimated age-at-death of 2 months showing two metabolic stress events, one occurring before birth and one a few days before death. The well-preserved skeleton shows diffuse abnormal cortical porosity and subperiosteal new bone formation.

Conclusions

The type and distribution of the skeletal lesions suggest a diagnosis of infantile scurvy, probably associated with a general status of malnutrition. Dimensions of cranial and postcranial bones show a wide discrepancy between the skeletal age (38–40 fetal weeks) and the dental histological age (2 months).

Significance

Including enamel histology age-at-death estimation may expand our knowledge of the influence of severe pathological cases on growth.

Limitations

Although scurvy remains the most obvious diagnosis, we cannot exclude other related micronutrient deficiencies which might have affected the individual.

Suggestions for further research

Including dental histometric and molecular sex estimation in infant pathological cases can help us to recognize impaired growth and enhance our understanding of sex-based susceptibility and potential biases in childcare within ancient communities.

目的评价意大利中部古代晚期一名婴儿的病理病变和相关的生长障碍。个人标签为04.AR。60004来自意大利Piano della Civita di Artena的一个小墓地，可以追溯到3 -5世纪。方法采用显微检查、计量学分析、牙组织形态学分析、淀粉原蛋白测序和dna分析。ResultsIndividual 04.基于“增大化现实”技术。60004是一名估计死亡年龄为2个月的男婴，表现出两次代谢应激事件，一次发生在出生前，另一次发生在死前几天。保存完好的骨骼显示弥漫性异常皮质孔隙和骨膜下新骨形成。结论骨骼病变的类型和分布提示诊断为婴儿坏血病，可能与营养不良有关。颅骨和颅后骨的尺寸显示骨骼年龄（38-40胎周）和牙齿组织学年龄（2个月）之间存在很大差异。意义包括牙釉质组织学的死亡年龄估计可以扩大我们对严重病理病例对生长影响的认识。虽然坏血病仍然是最明显的诊断，但我们不能排除其他可能影响个体的相关微量营养素缺乏。进一步研究的建议，包括在婴儿病理病例中进行牙齿组织和分子性别估计，可以帮助我们识别生长受损，增强我们对古代社区儿童保育中基于性别的易感性和潜在偏见的理解。

{"title":"A short and sickly life. Multi-indicator analysis of an infant from a late antique Italian burial site (Piano della Civita, Artena, 3rd-5th cent CE)","authors":"Viola Cecconi , Alessia Nava , Federico Lugli , Alissa Mittnik , Susanna Sawyer , Jan Gadeyne , Cécile Brouillard , Ron Pinhasi , David Reich , Alessandra Sperduti","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate pathological lesions and related growth impairment in an infant from a late antiquity context in central Italy.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>The individual labeled as 04.AR.60004 comes from a small burial plot in Piano della Civita di Artena, Italy, dated to the 3rd-5th centuries.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Macroscopic examination, metric analysis, dental histomorphometry, amelogenin sequencing, and aDNA analyses were employed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Individual 04.AR.60004 is an infant male with an estimated age-at-death of 2 months showing two metabolic stress events, one occurring before birth and one a few days before death. The well-preserved skeleton shows diffuse abnormal cortical porosity and subperiosteal new bone formation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The type and distribution of the skeletal lesions suggest a diagnosis of infantile scurvy, probably associated with a general status of malnutrition. Dimensions of cranial and postcranial bones show a wide discrepancy between the skeletal age (38–40 fetal weeks) and the dental histological age (2 months).</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Including enamel histology age-at-death estimation may expand our knowledge of the influence of severe pathological cases on growth.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Although scurvy remains the most obvious diagnosis, we cannot exclude other related micronutrient deficiencies which might have affected the individual.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>Including dental histometric and molecular sex estimation in infant pathological cases can help us to recognize impaired growth and enhance our understanding of sex-based susceptibility and potential biases in childcare within ancient communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are endocranial granular impressions pathognomonic of tuberculous meningitis or a marker of tuberculous infection? An investigation on a medieval osteoarcheological assemblage from Italy 颅内颗粒状印象是结核性脑膜炎的典型症状还是结核性感染的标志？对意大利中世纪骨考古组合的调查

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.03.002

Maria Laura Genchi , Valentina Giuffra , Stefano Campana , Giulia Riccomi

Objectives

In recent paleopathological literature, granular impressions on the endocranial surface are considered pathognomonic of tuberculous meningitis. This study aims to verify the presence of granular impressions and assess their relationship with tuberculosis in an archeological human skeletal assemblage.

Materials

The study analyzed the endocranial surfaces of 212 skulls (38 non-adults and 174 adults) from the medieval site of Pieve di Pava, Italy.

Methods

Macroscopic and stereomicroscopic examination of the endocranial surface was conducted to evaluate the presence, location, and manifestation of granular impressions.

Results

Granular impressions affected more than half of the individuals, with no statistical difference between males and females.

Conclusions

The high frequency of granular impressions challenges their interpretation as pathognomonic of tuberculous meningitis, a rare complication of tuberculosis affecting the central nervous system. Instead, these lesions should be considered indicative of bacteremia, when bacilli reach the central nervous system and form tubercles on the meninges. It cannot be established whether these tubercles were quiescent or had ruptured, leading to tuberculous meningitis.

Significance

Based on the pathogenic life cycle of M. tuberculosis, as defined in clinical settings, it seems prudent to consider granular impressions as a marker of tuberculosis infection, rather than of active tuberculosis disease or tuberculous meningitis in paleopathology.

Limitations

Research limitations include the smaller number of non-adults compared to adults.

Suggestions for further research

Screening of granular impressions in other large osteoarcheological assemblages could provide new and more reliable data on the spread of tuberculosis infection across different social contexts, geographical settings, and historical periods.

目的：在最近的古病理学文献中，颅内表面的颗粒状印记被认为是结核性脑膜炎的典型症状。本研究旨在验证颗粒状印痕的存在，并评估其与结核在考古人类骨骼组合的关系。该研究分析了来自意大利Pieve di Pava中世纪遗址的212个头骨（38个非成年人和174个成年人）的颅内表面。方法采用显微和体视镜观察颅内表面颗粒印痕的存在、位置和表现。结果颗粒印象影响了超过一半的个体，在男性和女性之间没有统计学差异。结论高频率的颗粒印痕挑战了其作为结核性脑膜炎的病理特征的解释，结核性脑膜炎是一种罕见的结核影响中枢神经系统的并发症。相反，当杆菌到达中枢神经系统并在脑膜上形成结核时，这些病变应被认为是菌血症的指示。目前还不能确定这些结核是静止的还是破裂的，从而导致结核性脑膜炎。根据结核分枝杆菌的致病生命周期，在临床环境中定义，似乎谨慎考虑颗粒印痕作为结核感染的标志，而不是活动性肺结核或结核性脑膜炎的古病理学。研究的局限性包括与成年人相比，非成年人的数量较少。在其他大型骨考古组合中筛选颗粒印记可以为结核病感染在不同社会背景、地理环境和历史时期的传播提供新的、更可靠的数据。

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引用次数: 0

From privies to disease: Parasites and pollen from 19th century Québec City 从厕所到疾病：19世纪曲海贝市的寄生虫和花粉

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.03.003

Aida R. Barbera , Guillaume Pouliot , Martin Lavoie , Najat Bhiry , Allison Bain , Karine Taché

Objective

This project combines the analysis of parasites and pollen remains from a wealthy 19th century household in Québec City, Canada to examine health as it intersects with ecological and cultural factors of disease transmission in changing urban environments.

Materials

Nineteen sediment samples from two privy structures from a 19th century wealthy household in Québec City, Canada.

Methods

The parasite analysis was conducted by examining the sediment through acid digestion, deflocculation and micro-sieving, and observed under a brightfield microscope. Pollen analysis followed the same method, but the sediments were further treated with acetolysis before microscopic observation.

Results

The samples tested positive for the parasites Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides and capillariids. The pollen spectra showed a mixed diet based on species of cereals and other starchy foods, fruits, and green leaves, as well as condiments and potential medicinal ingredients (Myrtaceae).

Conclusions

The household members were infected with intestinal parasites spread through contact with fecal contaminated soils, suggesting deficient sanitation and hygiene. The pollen grains recovered evidence of a staple diet and medicinal remedies.

Significance

This project highlights the benefits of using multiple lines of evidence to understand health in the past. Insight into how urbanization and poor sanitation can create environments conducive to parasite infection is gained and expands our knowledge of disease transmission and the synergies between environment and disease.

Limitations

The analysis of privy structures offers an interpretation at the community level, masking individual idiosyncrasies.

Suggestions for further research

Similar studies on other contemporaneous sites across the city are needed to better comprehend the link between pathogen transmission, disease intensity and socioenvironmental factors.

目标本项目结合对加拿大魁北克市一个 19 世纪富裕家庭中的寄生虫和花粉残留物的分析，研究在不断变化的城市环境中，健康与疾病传播的生态和文化因素之间的相互关系。花粉分析采用了相同的方法，但在显微镜观察之前，沉积物还要进一步进行乙醇分解处理。花粉图谱显示，该家庭的食物以谷物和其他淀粉类食物、水果、绿叶以及调味品和潜在的药用成分（桃金娘科）为主。花粉粒中发现了主食和药用疗法的证据。对厕所结构的分析提供了社区层面的解释，掩盖了个体的特异性。进一步研究的建议需要对全市其他同时代的遗址进行类似的研究，以更好地理解病原体传播、疾病强度和社会环境因素之间的联系。

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引用次数: 0

Ossicular chain changes revealed middle ear inflammation in medieval rural central Italy (Tuscany 10th-12th century) 听骨链变化揭示了中世纪意大利中部农村（托斯卡纳10 -12世纪）的中耳炎症

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.008

Emy Gentile , Valentina Giuffra , Stefano Campana , Giulia Riccomi

Objective

To assess the prevalence of chronic otitis media in the medieval rural site of Pieve di Pava (central Italy) by analysing pathological changes in auditory ossicles and to investigate specific risk factors responsible for middle ear inflammation in a rural environment.

Materials

A total of 224 ossicles from 119 individuals (20 pre-adults and 99 adults) were examined.

Methods

Stereomicroscopic observation was used to evaluate osteoclastic and osteoblastic COM-related bone changes.

Results

COM-related bone changes were observed in 52 ossicles, pertaining to 39 individuals (25 % of pre-adults and 34.3 % of adults), with no statistically significant difference between adult males and females. Pitting was the most common lesion-type (82.7 %), while new bone formation was less common (13.5 %).

Conclusions

Compared to urban medieval sites in western and northern-eastern Europe, the individuals from rural Pieve di Pava exhibited lower rates of chronic otitis media. This may be attributed to reduced exposure to urban-risk factors, such as indoor air pollution and overcrowding. Conversely, rural-specific factors, like farming, husbandry, and craft activities, might have influenced the observed prevalence.

Significance

The broad range of lesion-types on the ossicles and their severity helped us to provide diagnostic criteria for assessing COM in paleopathology.

Limitations

The inability to examine all ossicles per individual, as well as the restricted number of pre-adults compared to adults.

Suggestions for Future research

Further archaeological population-based studies examining ossicles from different time periods and urban/rural settings across Mediterranean Europe could provide insights into the prevalence of chronic otitis media with a diachronic perspective.

目的通过分析听小骨的病理变化，评估意大利中部Pieve di Pava中世纪农村地区慢性中耳炎的患病率，并探讨农村环境中耳炎症的具体危险因素。材料共检查了119个个体（20个未成年个体和99个成年个体）的224个小骨。方法采用体视显微镜观察破骨细胞和成骨细胞com相关骨改变。结果39例患者（25 %的未成年者和34.3% %的成年者）的52个小骨出现了com相关的骨改变，成年男性和女性的差异无统计学意义。蚀点是最常见的病变类型（82.7 %），而新骨形成较少见（13.5 %）。结论与西欧和东北欧的中世纪城市遗址相比，乡村居民的慢性中耳炎发病率较低。这可能是由于室内空气污染和过度拥挤等城市风险因素的暴露减少。相反，农村的特定因素，如农业、畜牧业和手工业活动，可能影响了观察到的患病率。意义听骨上广泛的病变类型及其严重程度有助于我们在古病理学中提供评估COM的诊断标准。局限性：无法检查每个人的所有小骨，以及与成人相比，成年前的小骨数量有限。对未来研究的建议进一步以考古人群为基础的研究，对地中海欧洲不同时期和城市/农村环境的听骨进行研究，可以从历时性的角度深入了解慢性中耳炎的流行情况。

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引用次数: 0

A case of disability and care during Inca times 印加时代的残疾和护理案例

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.007

Catalina Morales, Francisco Garrido

Objective

To evaluate pathological lesions observed in an individual and use them as a means to explore cultural patterns of caregiving.

Materials

A well-preserved female skeleton aged 45 years or older exhibiting an unusual distribution and severity of alterations on joints. The individual comes from a Late Horizon cemetery (1400–1550 CE) in the Copiapó Valley, northern Chile.

Methods

Visual analysis was utilized to estimate sex and age, followed by a paleopathological differential diagnosis. Additionally, a model of disability and care was applied.

Results

Our examination suggests the presence of a polyarticular arthritic condition. The differential diagnosis pointed to spondyloarthritis, affecting the spine, sacrum, hands, knees and feet. The individual was buried without any discernible distinction from others within their local group.

Conclusions

This case presents new evidence of the presence of spondyloarthritis in populations of South America before Spanish colonization, which probably produced mobility limitations. Additionally, it provides evidence of caregiving practices in the Copiapó society during the Late Horizon.

Significance

Our study contributes to the understanding of spondyloarthritis during the Inca period in northern Chile and indicates that despite living in a time of political transformation, labor demands, and social pressures related to Inca territorial expansion, caregivers appeared to have possessed adequate resources and time to offer aid and secure survival for individuals impacted by chronic disease.

Limitations

Molecular indicators of arthritis were not included in our analysis.

Suggestions for further research

A comparative study involving other instances of arthropathies associated with inflammatory disorders in the Andes region could offer valuable insights.

目的评价在个体中观察到的病理病变，并将其作为探索护理文化模式的手段。一具保存完好的女性骨骼，年龄在45岁或以上，表现出不寻常的关节分布和严重的变化。这个人来自智利北部Copiapó山谷的一个晚地平线墓地（公元1400-1550年）。方法采用目视分析估计性别和年龄，然后进行古病理鉴别诊断。此外，还应用了残疾和护理模型。结果我们的检查提示多关节关节炎的存在。鉴别诊断指向脊椎关节炎，影响脊柱、骶骨、手、膝和脚。这个人被埋葬时，与当地群体中的其他人没有任何明显的区别。结论：本病例提供了新的证据，证明在西班牙殖民统治之前，南美洲人群中存在脊椎关节炎，这可能导致活动受限。此外，它还提供了Copiapó社会在晚地平线时期护理实践的证据。我们的研究有助于理解智利北部印加时期的脊柱炎，并表明尽管生活在一个政治转型、劳动力需求和印加领土扩张相关的社会压力的时代，照顾者似乎拥有足够的资源和时间来为受慢性疾病影响的个体提供援助并确保生存。局限性：关节炎的分子指标未包括在我们的分析中。一项涉及安第斯地区与炎症性疾病相关的其他关节病病例的比较研究可能会提供有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Archeometric detection of mercury: A paleopharmacological case study of skeletal remains of a child with vitamin deficiencies (Rouen, France, late 18–19th centuries) 汞的考古检测：对维生素缺乏症儿童骨骼遗骸的古药理学案例研究（18 - 19世纪晚期，法国鲁昂）

IF 1.3 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.02.006

Alexandra Zinn , Aminte Thomann , Yannick Lefrais , Olivier Dutour , Antony Colombo

Objective

The French medico-historical literature reports the common use of mercury-based treatments until the mid-19th century. An exploratory paleopharmacological approach is presented for detecting mercury in a child’s skeletal remains suffering from vitamin deficiencies. This aims to corroborate written sources and provide a way to better understand disease therapeutic management.

Materials

This study focuses on a 3–4-year-old child showing signs of rickets and possible scurvy from “rue Thubeuf” cemetery (Rouen, late 18–19th centuries). Analysis was carried out on a thoracic vertebral body and the right second deciduous mandibular molar.

Methods

Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) and cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (CV-AAS) provided mercury detection and quantification. Micro-CT analysis was implemented to detect the interglobular dentine potentially related to vitamin D deficiency.

Results

The ED-XRF spectrum showed a mercury peak for the vertebra, none for the molar. The vertebra CV-AAS analysis revealed a high mercury rate of 9.373 mg/kg.

Conclusions

The individual was likely exposed to high mercury levels originating from therapeutic treatment, potentially for vitamin deficiencies, in the last months of life.

Significance

Paleopharmacological analysis is an important tool in the analysis of medical treatment in the past.

Limitations

Soil analysis could contribute to improved knowledge of contamination sources.

Further research

This approach should be expanded to more individuals to better assess the treatment frequency of vitamin deficiency diseases during industrialization.

目的法国医学史文献报道了19世纪中叶以前汞疗法的普遍应用。一个探索性的古药理学方法提出了检测汞在儿童的骨骼遗骸遭受维生素缺乏症。其目的是证实书面资料，并提供一种更好地了解疾病治疗管理的方法。本研究的重点是一名3 - 4岁的儿童，他在鲁昂的“rue Thubeuf”墓地发现了佝偻病和坏血病的迹象。对一个胸椎体和右第二乳牙进行了分析。方法利用能量色散x射线荧光（ED-XRF）和冷蒸汽原子吸收光谱（CV-AAS）对汞进行检测和定量。显微ct分析用于检测可能与维生素D缺乏相关的球状间牙本质。结果ED-XRF光谱显示椎体有汞峰，磨牙无汞峰。椎体CV-AAS分析显示汞含量高，为9.373 mg/kg。结论：该患者在生命的最后几个月可能因治疗性治疗（可能是维生素缺乏症）而暴露于高汞水平。意义酒精药理学分析是过去药物治疗分析的重要工具。土壤分析有助于提高对污染源的认识。该方法应扩大到更多的个体，以更好地评估工业化过程中维生素缺乏性疾病的治疗频率。

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引用次数: 0