International Journal of Paleopathology最新文献_第2页

Disability in medieval Poulton (Cheshire): A case of hand amputation 中世纪波尔顿（柴郡）的残疾：一例手部截肢。

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.10.003

Satu Valoriani, Megan King, Kevin Cootes

Objective

Amputations are rarely identified in the British archaeological record from the Middle Ages, with survival following hand removal particularly uncommon. This study presents a case of a healed left-hand amputation from the medieval cemetery at Poulton (Cheshire).

Materials

The study focuses on Skeleton 861, recovered from the Poulton Chapel burial ground, part of a broader assemblage of over 800 individuals dated to the 13th–16th centuries CE.

Methods

Standard osteological techniques were used to establish the biological profile, while radiographic imaging and macroscopic analysis assessed healing and pathological conditions. Directional asymmetry was also calculated.

Results

The left hand was absent, with the distal radius and ulna showing remodelling, marginal osteophyte growth, and a healed amputation surface. No cut marks or skeletal atrophy were observed. Directional asymmetry and robust entheses suggest continued use of the limb post-amputation. Differential diagnoses were excluded on morphological and contextual grounds.

Conclusions

Skeleton 861 demonstrates long-term survival and functional adaptation following amputation. The evidence supports loss of the hand and recovery within a rural medieval community.

Significance

This case contributes to the small body of evidence for medieval amputations in Britain, providing an example of survival and long-term adaptation to severe trauma and the loss of an upper limb within a premodern agrarian community.

Limitations

The cause of amputation could not be determined, and absence of prosthetic evidence limits interpretation of post-amputation adaptations.

Suggestions for further research

Future work could compare similar cases across Britain to evaluate regional variation in care practices and examine potential use of prostheses or occupational adaptations.

目的：在英国中世纪的考古记录中，截肢很少被发现，截肢后存活的情况尤其罕见。本研究提出了一个病例愈合左手截肢从中世纪墓地在波尔顿（柴郡）。材料：研究的重点是861号骨架，它是从波尔顿教堂墓地找到的，是公元13 -16世纪800多具遗骸的一部分。方法：采用标准骨学技术建立生物剖面，同时影像学和宏观分析评估愈合和病理情况。还计算了方向不对称性。结果：左手缺失，桡骨远端和尺骨重塑，边缘骨赘生长，截肢面愈合。未见割伤或骨骼萎缩。方向不对称和坚固的假肢提示截肢后继续使用肢体。由于形态学和上下文的原因，排除了鉴别诊断。结论：Skeleton 861在截肢后表现出长期存活和功能适应。证据支持在中世纪农村社区中手部的丧失和恢复。意义：该案例为中世纪英国截肢提供了少量证据，提供了一个前现代农业社会中生存和长期适应严重创伤和上肢丧失的例子。局限性：截肢的原因无法确定，缺乏假肢证据限制了截肢后适应的解释。对进一步研究的建议：未来的工作可以比较英国各地的类似病例，以评估护理实践的地区差异，并检查假体或职业适应的潜在用途。

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引用次数: 0

Skeleton matter(s): Reframing current approaches in bioarchaeology towards a more inclusive future 骨架物质：重塑生物考古学的当前方法，以实现更具包容性的未来。

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.10.002

Rebecca L. Gowland

Over the last two decades, bioarchaeologists have developed more nuanced theoretical approaches to the study of past bodies. Nevertheless, much of our work continues to be rooted in a dichotomous biocultural paradigm that often does not adequately account for the complexity of the bioarchaeological evidence. Rooted in dualisms (e.g. biology/culture, body/society), our work can also unconsciously perpetuate practices that continue to enact exclusions, biases and harms. This discussion highlights the utility of Posthumanism and New Materialism for reframing theory and practice in bioarchaeology and palaeopathology. The central tenets of these theoretical perspectives include a shift away from dichotomised constructs, the decentring of humans, and an emphasis on matter (e.g. the body) as relational and ‘in process’. Here, I will focus on the highly influential work of physicist and feminist scholar Karen Barad and apply their concepts of ‘intra-action’ and ‘agential realism’ to the bioarchaeological evidence. To illustrate and translate the benefits of these theoretical approaches, wide ranging examples and applications have been provided, including: One Paleopathology, the developmental origins of health and disease, power and structural inequality, and decolonising bioarchaeology. The reconfiguration of the body as physiologically and chronologically unbounded, and the skeleton as matter that is co-constituted with other relational entities (e.g. plants, care, animals, kinship, climate, geology) can help us reframe our approaches and yield new insights and questions. An approach that draws upon some of the conceptual resources of New Materialism may help us address some of the current biases and deficiencies in our discipline and shift us towards more authentically inclusive practices.

在过去的二十年里，生物考古学家已经发展出了更细致入微的理论方法来研究过去的尸体。然而，我们的大部分工作仍然植根于一种二分法的生物文化范式，这种范式往往不能充分解释生物考古证据的复杂性。根植于二元论（如生物/文化、身体/社会），我们的工作也可能无意识地延续那些继续制定排斥、偏见和伤害的做法。本讨论强调了后人类主义和新唯物主义在生物考古学和古病理学中重构理论和实践的效用。这些理论观点的中心原则包括从二分结构的转变，人类的分散，以及强调物质（例如身体）作为关系和“过程”。在这里，我将重点关注物理学家和女权主义学者凯伦·巴拉德（Karen Barad）极具影响力的工作，并将他们的“内部行动”和“代理现实主义”概念应用于生物考古证据。为了说明和解释这些理论方法的好处，提供了广泛的例子和应用，包括：一个古病理学，健康和疾病的发展起源，权力和结构不平等，以及非殖民化生物考古学。将身体重新配置为生理上和时间上的无界，将骨骼作为与其他相关实体（如植物、护理、动物、亲属关系、气候、地质）共同构成的物质，可以帮助我们重新构建我们的方法，并产生新的见解和问题。利用新唯物主义的一些概念资源的方法可以帮助我们解决目前在我们的学科中存在的一些偏见和缺陷，并将我们转向更真正的包容性实践。

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引用次数: 0

A probable case of multiple osteochondromas from an Early Medieval burial site in the Venetian lagoon (Italy): Differential diagnosis and review of cases from archaeological contexts 意大利威尼斯泻湖早期中世纪墓葬遗址多发骨软骨瘤的可能病例：鉴别诊断和考古背景病例回顾

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.10.001

Serena Viva , Norma Lonoce , Lorenzo Bigo , Silvia Cadamuro , Sauro Gelichi

Objective

To evaluate a pathological condition on a skeleton from medieval Veneto (Italy).

Materials

A male skeleton (T97), aged 35–50 years, from the Early Medieval phase of an archaeological site in the Venetian Lagoon, was examined and radiocarbon dated to Cal 954–1052 CE.

Methods

The skeletal remains were examined by anthropological methods, by radiographic imaging, full skeletal CT scans, and histological examination. A differential diagnosis was conducted following established protocols.

Results

A total of 129 osteochondromas were observed. Both types were evident: sessile and pedunculated. Osteochondromas were evident in most bones of the appendicular skeleton; the skull, vertebrae and ribs remained unaffected. Short stature and forearm deformity were also observed.

Conclusions

The differential diagnosis identifies these pathological findings as manifestations of an advanced form of multiple osteochondromas (MO).

Significance

The significance of this diagnosis lies in its ability to shed light on the natural progression of MO, particularly in the absence of modern surgical interventions. Additionally, it highlights the survival and adaptation of an individual with disabilities within a medieval society.

Limitations

To achieve a definitive confirmation of this diagnosis, genetic testing would be essential. The discovery of only one individual with this condition among 181 analyzed in the context prevents further broader conclusions.

Suggestions for further research

Genetic Analysis to confirm the diagnosis of MO and investigate potential genetic mutations, such as those in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes.

目的探讨意大利威尼托中世纪遗骨的病理学特征。研究人员对一具年龄在35-50岁的男性骨架（T97）进行了检查，该骨架来自威尼斯泻湖考古遗址的中世纪早期阶段，放射性碳测定其年代为公元954-1052年。方法采用人类学方法、x线影像学检查、全骨CT扫描及组织学检查。根据既定方案进行鉴别诊断。结果共观察到129例骨软骨瘤。两种类型都很明显：无梗和有梗。尾骨大部分骨可见骨软骨瘤；颅骨、椎骨和肋骨未受影响。还观察到身材矮小和前臂畸形。结论鉴别诊断确认这些病理表现为晚期多发性骨软骨瘤（MO）的表现。这项诊断的意义在于它能够阐明MO的自然进展，特别是在缺乏现代手术干预的情况下。此外，它还突出了残疾人在中世纪社会中的生存和适应。为了对这种诊断做出明确的确认，基因检测是必不可少的。在此背景下分析的181人中仅发现一人患有这种疾病，这阻碍了进一步的更广泛的结论。进一步研究建议遗传分析以确认MO的诊断，并研究潜在的基因突变，如EXT1和EXT2基因。

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引用次数: 0

Play or foul play: A case of perimortem cranial injuries on a child from Yaoheyuan, Western Zhou China (1046–771 BCE) 玩还是犯规：中国西周（公元前1046-771年）尧河源一名儿童死前颅脑损伤案例。

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.08.002

Yaohan Wu , Qiang Ma , Yuanyuan Shen , Pianpian Wei , Shaoqing Wen

Objective

This paper evaluates evidence of trauma observed on a skeleton of a child from Ningxia, China in order to assess the potential cause of the lesions.

Materials

Skeletonized remains of Individual M26:R3 from the site of Yaoheyuan in Western Zhou, dated 1046–771 BCE.

Methods

Standard osteological methods were carried out. Nano-CT scans were used to determine possible endocranial trauma and to reconstruct the crania. Ancient DNA analysis was conducted on the remains of the three individuals interred in burial M26 to determine possible kinship relationships.

Results

A total of 59 individuals were studied. The individual under examination was a male with an estimated age of 6–9 years old. The child was found alongside two adult females. The osteological analysis and CT scans indicated two perimortem injuries and one possible perimortem sharp force cutmark on his cranium. Ancient DNA analysis performed on the three individuals in burial M26 revealed no familial relatedness.

Conclusions

The multiple strike marks on the remains of the child, along with the fact that he was the only individual in this burial ground showing clear evidence of sharp force cranial injuries, might suggest a unique incident of violence.

Significance

This paper demonstrates how the integration of osteoarchaeological observation with ancient DNA analysis can provide insight and contextualization of perimortem events.

Limitations

Post-depositional disturbance affecting the archaeological contexts of this cemetery complicates the interpretation of this case.

Suggestions for future research

Systematic archaeological and historical data are needed to understand reasons behind violent episodes in ancient China.

目的：对中国宁夏一儿童骨骼上观察到的创伤证据进行评估，以评估损伤的潜在原因。资料：公元前1046-771年西周姚河源遗址出土的M26:R3个体骨架遗骸。方法：采用标准骨学方法。纳米ct扫描用于确定可能的颅内创伤和重建颅骨。对M26号墓葬中埋葬的三个人的遗骸进行了古代DNA分析，以确定可能的亲属关系。结果：共研究了59例个体。接受检查的个体是一名男性，估计年龄为6-9岁。这名儿童和两名成年女性一起被发现。骨学分析和CT扫描显示有两处死前伤颅骨上可能有一处死前锐器刻痕。对埋葬M26的三个人进行的古代DNA分析显示没有家族关系。结论：孩子尸体上的多处击打痕迹，加上他是这片墓地里唯一一个有明显利器颅脑损伤证据的人，可能表明这是一起独特的暴力事件。意义：本文展示了骨考古观察与古代DNA分析的结合如何为死前事件提供见解和背景。限制：沉积后的扰动影响了这个墓地的考古背景，使这个案例的解释复杂化。对未来研究的建议：需要系统的考古和历史资料来了解中国古代暴力事件背后的原因。

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引用次数: 0

External auditory exostoses in fragmentary remains: Evidence for activity and human-environment interactions at Early Neolithic Bestansur, Iraqi Kurdistan 残片遗骸中的外耳外露：伊拉克库尔德斯坦贝斯坦苏尔新石器时代早期人类活动和环境相互作用的证据。

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.09.003

Giulia Ragazzon

Objectives

This research assesses external auditory exostoses (EAEs) as markers of aquatic activity in individuals from the Early Neolithic inland site of Bestansur, Iraqi Kurdistan (c.7700–7100 BCE).

Materials

Thirty-four individuals (6 non-adults and 28 adults) represented by 50 external auditory canals (27 left and 23 right), both fragmentary and intact, were included in the study.

Methods

Auditory canals were macroscopically examined for the presence or absence of bone growths, with their location and severity recorded.

Results

Twenty-four individuals (70.6 %) and 31 auditory canals (62 %), 18 left (66.7 %) and 13 right (56.5 %), displayed EAEs. No significant differences in -frequency were found according to biological sex, age-at-death or burial location.

Conclusions

Supported by archaeological evidence, the frequency of EAEs at Bestansur suggests male, female and non-adult engagement in fishing, mollusc harvesting and, possibly, other activities in aquatic environments, shedding light on social participation and the importance of freshwater habitats in Neolithic economies in the Zagros.

Significance

While adding to previous studies of EAEs in fragmentary remains, this research highlights the benefit of contextualised palaeopathological analysis as a means of exploring human behaviour and human-environment interactions. The assessment of EAEs in past populations can offer insights into the variables shaping human behaviour and complex subsistence strategies.

Limitations

Sample size and distribution were affected by poor preservation, requiring interpretative caution.

Suggestions for further research

Future research should acquire regional comparative data and explore correlations between EAE location and severity, and co-occurrences of bone changes in the auditory canal.

目的：本研究评估了来自伊拉克库尔德斯坦贝斯坦苏尔新石器时代早期内陆遗址（公元前7700-7100年）个体的外耳外植骨（eae）作为水生活动的标志。材料：34人（非成人6人，成人28人），50条外耳道（左27条，右23条），均为残缺和完整。方法：宏观检查听道是否有骨生长，记录其位置和严重程度。结果：24例（70.6 %），31例（62 %），左侧18例（66.7 %），右侧13例（56.5 %）出现eae。根据生理性别、死亡年龄或埋葬地点，在频率上没有发现显著差异。结论：在考古证据的支持下，Bestansur地区eae的频率表明，男性、女性和非成人参与了捕鱼、软体动物捕捞以及可能的其他水生环境活动，这揭示了扎格罗斯地区新石器时代经济中社会参与和淡水栖息地的重要性。意义：虽然增加了先前对碎片遗骸中eae的研究，但本研究强调了背景化古病理学分析作为探索人类行为和人与环境相互作用的手段的好处。对过去种群中eae的评估可以深入了解影响人类行为和复杂生存策略的变量。局限性：样本量和分布受到保存不良的影响，需要谨慎解释。进一步研究建议：未来的研究应获取区域比较数据，探索EAE位置与严重程度的相关性，以及听道骨改变的共现性。

{"title":"External auditory exostoses in fragmentary remains: Evidence for activity and human-environment interactions at Early Neolithic Bestansur, Iraqi Kurdistan","authors":"Giulia Ragazzon","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This research assesses external auditory exostoses (EAEs) as markers of aquatic activity in individuals from the Early Neolithic inland site of Bestansur, Iraqi Kurdistan (c.7700–7100 BCE).</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>Thirty-four individuals (6 non-adults and 28 adults) represented by 50 external auditory canals (27 left and 23 right), both fragmentary and intact, were included in the study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Auditory canals were macroscopically examined for the presence or absence of bone growths, with their location and severity recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-four individuals (70.6 %) and 31 auditory canals (62 %), 18 left (66.7 %) and 13 right (56.5 %), displayed EAEs. No significant differences in -frequency were found according to biological sex, age-at-death or burial location.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Supported by archaeological evidence, the frequency of EAEs at Bestansur suggests male, female and non-adult engagement in fishing, mollusc harvesting and, possibly, other activities in aquatic environments, shedding light on social participation and the importance of freshwater habitats in Neolithic economies in the Zagros.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>While adding to previous studies of EAEs in fragmentary remains, this research highlights the benefit of contextualised palaeopathological analysis as a means of exploring human behaviour and human-environment interactions. The assessment of EAEs in past populations can offer insights into the variables shaping human behaviour and complex subsistence strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Sample size and distribution were affected by poor preservation, requiring interpretative caution.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>Future research should acquire regional comparative data and explore correlations between EAE location and severity, and co-occurrences of bone changes in the auditory canal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 43-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating an osteoid osteoma of the zygomatic bone: A macromorphological and micro-CT study 评估颧骨骨样骨瘤：大形态学和显微ct研究。

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.09.002

Veda Mikasinovic , Jelena Jadzic , Marija Djurić , Ksenija Djukic

Objective

Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a benign, ovoid-shaped bone neoplasm that predominantly affects long bones of the lower limbs, making its presence on a zygomatic bone exceptionally rare. This paper evaluates a case of zygomatic OO, analyzed by integration of macroscopic and high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) assessment.

Materials

The skeletal remains of a 35–50-year-old male from grave 62/2, Site 40 (Avar-period necropolis Site 40, Potes Gornje Sajlovo, northern Serbia), dated between the 7th and 9th centuries CE, were analyzed.

Methods

We performed bioanthropological and paleopathological analyses of skeletal material, along with high-resolution micro-CT imaging of the zygomatic lesion.

Results

A well-circumscribed, protruding mass was identified on the left zygomatic bone. The lesion measured 15.93 mm antero-posterior and 14.92 mm medio-lateral, with a 6.74 mm-long centrally positioned nidus surrounded by sclerotic bone.

Conclusions

Our study represents a rare case of craniofacial OO in an archaeological population, highlighting the diagnostic value of micro-CT in paleopathology.

Significance

Documenting OO in an archaeological context contributes to understanding the prevalence and presentation of benign bone neoplasms, potentially offering insights into the evolution of tumor biology.

Limitations

As this is a single-case study, generalizations are limited. Nevertheless, it provides novel micro-CT findings of the OO of the zygomatic bone, highlighting the need for broader application in paleopathological research to establish standard diagnostic criteria.

Suggestions for further research

Further research should employ a multidisciplinary and multi-scale approach to investigate this or similar skeletal pathological conditions from archaeological contexts at the population level.

目的：骨样骨瘤（Osteoid osteoma， OO）是一种良性的卵状骨肿瘤，主要影响下肢长骨，在颧骨上非常罕见。本文采用宏观和高分辨率显微计算机断层扫描（micro-CT）相结合的方法，对一例颧骨OO进行评估。材料：研究人员分析了一具35-50岁男性的骨骼遗骸，这些遗骸来自40号遗址62/2号（位于塞尔维亚北部Potes Gornje Sajlovo的阿瓦尔时期墓地40号遗址），时间在公元7世纪到9世纪之间。方法：我们对骨骼材料进行了生物人类学和古病理学分析，并对颧骨病变进行了高分辨率显微ct成像。结果：在左侧颧骨上发现一边界清楚的突出肿块。病变前后宽15.93 mm，中外侧宽14.92 mm，位于中心位置的病灶长6.74 mm，被硬化骨包围。结论：我们的研究代表了考古人群中罕见的颅面OO病例，突出了显微ct在古病理学中的诊断价值。意义：在考古学背景下记录OO有助于了解良性骨肿瘤的患病率和表现，可能为肿瘤生物学的进化提供见解。局限性：由于这是一个单例研究，概括是有限的。然而，它提供了颧骨OO的新的显微ct表现，突出了在古病理学研究中建立标准诊断标准的广泛应用的必要性。对进一步研究的建议：进一步的研究应该采用多学科和多尺度的方法，从人口水平的考古背景中调查这种或类似的骨骼病理状况。

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引用次数: 0

A probable malignant neoplasm in an adolescent male from the historic First Baptist Church of Philadelphia burial ground (1722–1859, USA) 在费城历史上第一浸信会墓地发现的一名青少年男性疑似恶性肿瘤（1722-1859，美国）。

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.09.001

Jared S. Beatrice , Nicholas E. Bonneau , George M. Leader

Objective

To evaluate a suite of lesions in the skeletal remains of an adolescent from historic Philadelphia.

Materials

The well-preserved skeleton excavated from the historic burial ground of the First Baptist Church of Philadelphia (1722–1859) following disturbance by construction.

Methods

Lesions were identified and described using macroscopic visual assessment aided by low-power magnification. A differential diagnosis was conducted that considered taphonomy and multiple possible disease categories.

Results

The individual was estimated to be a 15–19-year-old male. A combination of primarily osteolytic and mixed osteolytic/osteoblastic lesions was observed throughout the axial skeleton, as well as on the left scapula, and the innominates.

Conclusions

The distribution and morphological characteristics of the lesions are highly consistent with a malignant neoplasm involving the hematopoietic marrow.

Significance

This probable case adds to the scant paleopathological evidence for childhood and adolescent cancer in North America broadly, and in the eighteenth to nineteenth century mid-Atlantic specifically. Contextualization of the results provides a broader understanding of the experience of cancer in historic Philadelphia.

Limitations

The examination of lesions was limited to macroscopic visual analysis. Incorporating radiologic techniques would have permitted the observation of additional features and, possibly, may have narrowed the diagnostic options for the pathological process.

Suggestions for Further Research

Lesion characteristics in this individual overlap with several malignancies. The case study underscores that paleopathologists should continue to exercise caution in the differential diagnosis of neoplastic disease, especially if relying on visual analysis.

目的：评估一套病变的骨骼遗骸从历史费城青少年。材料：在费城第一浸信会教堂（1722-1859）的历史墓地中，由于施工的干扰，这具保存完好的骨架被挖掘出来。方法：使用低倍放大辅助的宏观视觉评估来识别和描述病变。进行了鉴别诊断，考虑了埋藏和多种可能的疾病类别。结果：个体为15-19岁男性。在整个中轴骨骼以及左肩胛骨和指骨处观察到主要溶骨和混合性溶骨/成骨病变的组合。结论：病变的分布和形态特征与累及造血骨髓的恶性肿瘤高度一致。意义：这一可能的病例为广泛的北美儿童和青少年癌症的古病理学证据提供了补充，特别是在18至19世纪大西洋中部。结果的背景化提供了历史悠久的费城癌症经验的更广泛的理解。局限性：病变检查局限于宏观视觉分析。结合放射学技术可以观察到额外的特征，并可能缩小病理过程的诊断选择。进一步研究建议：该患者的病变特征与几种恶性肿瘤重叠。该病例研究强调，古病理学家在肿瘤疾病的鉴别诊断中应继续保持谨慎，特别是在依赖视觉分析时。

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引用次数: 0

Bone trauma and interpersonal care among Late Holocene hunter-gatherers from Patagonia, Argentina 阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚晚全新世狩猎采集者的骨创伤与人际关怀

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.08.003

Victoria Romano , Gustavo Flensborg , Alejandro Serna

Objective

To evaluate the social implications of traumatic injuries in non-sedentary hunter-gatherers by analysing osteological remains through models based on the Bioarchaeology of Care.

Materials

Human skeletal remains from North Patagonia (Late Holocene). 3179 anatomical elements from 189 individuals of both sexes and different age categories.

Methods

Macroscopic analysis of all bones to identify two injury types (dislocations and fractures) to apply the Index of Care to each case.

Results

About 20 % of individuals suffered injuries, mostly mild, requiring short-term care. Severe cases needed intensive care, likely disrupting the normal routines of daily life in the group.

Conclusions

Despite logistical costs and disabilities that led, in some cases, to social reorganisation of daily or planned activities, these groups ensured their peers' survival and recovery through care.

Significance

The Index of Care was expanded by defining categories based on care intensity, applicable to any context, and offers new information about interpersonal care in Patagonia.

Limitations

Only osteological remains are available to assess interpersonal care.

Suggestions for further research

Incorporate other pathological conditions (e.g., bone infections) and more samples on a larger spatial-temporal scale to evaluate interpersonal care in the region.

目的通过基于护理生物考古学的模型分析骨骼遗骸，评估创伤性损伤对非久坐狩猎采集者的社会影响。北巴塔哥尼亚的人类骨骼残骸（晚全新世）。来自189个不同性别和年龄类别的个体的3179个解剖元素。方法对所有骨进行显微分析，确定两种损伤类型（脱位和骨折），并应用护理指数（Index of Care）。结果约20% %的患者出现损伤，多数为轻度损伤，需要短期护理。严重者需要重症监护，可能会扰乱该群体的正常日常生活。尽管在某些情况下，后勤成本和残疾导致了日常或计划活动的社会重组，但这些小组通过护理确保了同龄人的生存和康复。通过定义基于护理强度的类别来扩展护理指数，适用于任何情况，并提供有关巴塔哥尼亚人际护理的新信息。局限性：只有骨骼遗骸可用于评估人际护理。进一步研究的建议：在更大的时空尺度上，结合其他病理条件（如骨感染）和更多的样本来评估该地区的人际护理。

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引用次数: 0

Paleoparasitological evidence of helminth infections in individuals from two Late Iron Age necropolises in Northern Italy (3rd-1st c. BCE) 意大利北部两个铁器时代晚期墓地（公元前3 -公元前1年）个体中寄生虫感染的古寄生虫学证据

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.08.001

Ramón López-Gijón , Zita Laffranchi , Wolf-Rüdiger Teegen , Matthieu Le Bailly , Salvatore Duras , Kévin Roche , Daniele Vitali , Luciano Salzani , Albert Zink , Marco Milella

Objective

Evaluate the presence of digestive macroparasites (helminths) in human remains from the Late Iron Age (3rd-1st c. BCE) in northern Italy (Verona province).

Materials

Pelvic soil samples and control samples from the skull or foot areas of 55 individuals from the necropolises of Seminario Vescovile (n = 45) and Povegliano Veronese (n = 10).

Methods

All samples were examined using brightfield optical microscopy. In addition, soil samples from 10 individuals from Seminario were analysed through paleogenetic methods in order to complement the microscopic analysis.

Results

Thirty Ascaridida eggs in pelvic samples from 6 individuals (3 from Seminario and 3 from Povegliano: 6.7 % and 30 % of the respective samples) were evaluated. Evidence of roundworm infection was observed in both sexes and in adults and non-adult individuals.

Conclusion

The presence of Ascaridida, likely Ascaris sp., eggs at both sites suggests that ineffective sanitation may have contributed to parasite exposure in these Late Iron Age communities.

Significance

This study provides novel insights into environmental and health risks among Iron Age communities. It also highlights the need for a critical assessment of taphonomic factors and sampling procedures when interpreting paleoparasitological data.

Limitations

The low frequency of identified eggs and the absence of recoverable parasite DNA at Seminario highlight taphonomic factors as a potential source of bias. The limited sample size from Povegliano also warrants caution in interpretation.

Suggestions for further research

Future studies integrating paleoparasitological and anthropological data are essential to evaluate the prevalence of parasitic infections in Iron Age populations from the Italian Peninsula.

目的评估意大利北部维罗纳省铁器时代晚期（公元前3 -公元前1年）人类遗骸中消化道大型寄生虫（蠕虫）的存在情况。材料：来自Seminario Vescovile（ = 45）和Povegliano Veronese（ = 10）墓地的55个个体的头骨或足部的骨盆土壤样本和对照样本。方法采用明光场显微镜检查。此外，通过古成因方法分析了塞米纳里奥10个个体的土壤样品，以补充微观分析。结果共检测到6例个体（Seminario和Povegliano各3例，分别占6.7 %和30 %）盆腔内蛔虫卵30个。蛔虫感染的证据在两性、成人和非成人个体中均有发现。结论在这两个地点均发现蛔虫卵，很可能是蛔虫属，表明在这些铁器时代晚期的社区中，卫生条件不佳可能是导致寄生虫暴露的原因之一。这项研究为铁器时代社区的环境和健康风险提供了新的见解。它还强调了在解释古寄生虫学数据时对地形学因素和抽样程序进行批判性评估的必要性。局限性：在塞米纳里奥，鉴定出的卵的频率较低，而且缺乏可恢复的寄生虫DNA，这突出了表型因素是偏见的潜在来源。Povegliano有限的样本量在解释时也需要谨慎。未来整合古寄生虫学和人类学数据的研究对于评估意大利半岛铁器时代人群中寄生虫感染的流行程度至关重要。

{"title":"Paleoparasitological evidence of helminth infections in individuals from two Late Iron Age necropolises in Northern Italy (3rd-1st c. BCE)","authors":"Ramón López-Gijón , Zita Laffranchi , Wolf-Rüdiger Teegen , Matthieu Le Bailly , Salvatore Duras , Kévin Roche , Daniele Vitali , Luciano Salzani , Albert Zink , Marco Milella","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Evaluate the presence of digestive macroparasites (helminths) in human remains from the Late Iron Age (3rd-1st c. BCE) in northern Italy (Verona province).</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>Pelvic soil samples and control samples from the skull or foot areas of 55 individuals from the necropolises of Seminario Vescovile (n = 45) and Povegliano Veronese (n = 10).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All samples were examined using brightfield optical microscopy. In addition, soil samples from 10 individuals from Seminario were analysed through paleogenetic methods in order to complement the microscopic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty <em>Ascaridida</em> eggs in pelvic samples from 6 individuals (3 from Seminario and 3 from Povegliano: 6.7 % and 30 % of the respective samples) were evaluated. Evidence of roundworm infection was observed in both sexes and in adults and non-adult individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The presence of <em>Ascaridida,</em> likely <em>Ascaris</em> sp., eggs at both sites suggests that ineffective sanitation may have contributed to parasite exposure in these Late Iron Age communities.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This study provides novel insights into environmental and health risks among Iron Age communities. It also highlights the need for a critical assessment of taphonomic factors and sampling procedures when interpreting paleoparasitological data.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The low frequency of identified eggs and the absence of recoverable parasite DNA at Seminario highlight taphonomic factors as a potential source of bias. The limited sample size from Povegliano also warrants caution in interpretation.</div></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><div>Future studies integrating paleoparasitological and anthropological data are essential to evaluate the prevalence of parasitic infections in Iron Age populations from the Italian Peninsula.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence of interpersonal violence through nasal fractures in Late Holocene Southern Patagonia 晚全新世南巴塔哥尼亚地区鼻腔骨折的人际暴力证据。

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2025.07.002

Manuel Domingo D´Angelo del Campo , Bruno M. Magalhães , Felipe Otero , G. Lorena L’Heureux , Nora V. Franco , Ramiro Barberena , Laura Medialdea , Marta Alfonso-Durruty , Luis A. Borrero

Objective

To analyse the prevalence of nasal fracture among individuals from Southern Patagonia and to identify nasal fracture patterns that may reflect interpersonal violence at the population level, differentiating between pre- and post-contact periods.

Material

98 adults (males and females) dated to the Late Holocene period (4200 B.P.– present) from all Southern Patagonia ecogeographic subregions.

Methods

Facial bones were macroscopically examined for side of the fracture, direction of the deviation of the nasal bones and/or frontal processes of the maxilla, type of fracture (e.g. transverse, longitudinal), presence/absence of other facial fractures, and bone remodelling.

Results

Nasal fractures were identified in fifteen individuals (15.3 %), and were more frequent in males, particularly those from the Estrecho de Magallanes region. Comparisons revealed a significantly higher frequency among pre-contact individuals (23.8 % vs. 2.6 %; p = 0.0184).

Conclusions

This study documents the highest frequency of nasal fracture reported to date in South America’s bioarcheological record. Contrary to expectations, pre-contact individuals had a significantly higher frequency, suggesting a possible shift in violence dynamics following foreign contact.

Significance

This study provides insight into patterns of violence potentially linked to changes in pre and post-colonial life in Southern Patagonia and represents one of the first population-level biocultural approaches to interpersonal violence in the region.

Limitations

Analyses are limited due to the reduced number of individuals by sex, subregion, subsistence strategy, and period. Comparisons are hindered by the methodological heterogeneity of other studies on interpersonal violence in Patagonia and South America.

目的：分析南巴塔哥尼亚个体鼻骨折的患病率，并识别可能反映人群层面人际暴力的鼻骨折模式，区分接触前后时期。资料：来自南巴塔哥尼亚生态地理分区的98具成虫（男性和女性），年代为全新世晚期（4200 B.P.至今）。方法：对面骨进行宏观检查，包括骨折的侧面、鼻骨和/或上颌骨额突偏离的方向、骨折类型（如横向、纵向）、有无其他面骨骨折以及骨重建。结果：鼻腔骨折15例（15.3 %），男性更常见，尤其是来自Estrecho de Magallanes地区的男性。比较显示，接触前个体的频率显著更高(23.8 % vs. 2.6 %； = 0.0184页)。结论：本研究记录了迄今为止在南美洲生物考古记录中报道的鼻部骨折的最高频率。与预期相反，接触前的个体的频率明显更高，这表明在与外国接触后，暴力动态可能会发生变化。意义：该研究提供了对南巴塔哥尼亚殖民前后生活变化的潜在暴力模式的见解，并代表了该地区第一个人口层面的人际暴力生物文化方法之一。局限性：由于按性别、分区域、生存策略和时期划分的个体数量减少，分析受到限制。巴塔哥尼亚和南美洲其他关于人际暴力的研究方法的异质性阻碍了比较。

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引用次数: 0