International Journal of Paleopathology最新文献_第2页

A calvarial osteolytic lesion of probable vascular origin in a Maya juvenile from the Classic Period ( 250−900 CE) 古典时期（公元 250-900 年）一名玛雅少年的腓骨溶骨性病变可能是血管引起的

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.05.004

Michele M. Bleuze , Ellen Fricano , Jessica M. Farrell , James E. Brady

Objective

This case study evaluates a focal osteolytic lesion in the right sulcus sinus transversi of an isolated os occipitale.

Materials

The os occipitale is from a juvenile from the Cueva de Sangre at the Classic Period (250−900 CE) site of Dos Pilas, Guatemala

Methods

The lesion was examined macroscopically, microscopically, and radiographically.

Results

The oval lesion has a well-circumscribed margin, endocranial origin, and involves cortical destruction of the inner and outer tables. Subperiosteal bone reaction around the lesion is present on the ectocranial surface. Skeletal evidence of increased vascularity, diploë expansion, and perimortem fracture near the lesion are not observed.

Conclusions

The lesion appears to reflect a response to the presence of an expansile process that has caused pressure erosion. The anatomical location of the lesion and the endocranial origin suggest a probable vascular anomaly, such as a vascular malformation.

Significance

This case study represents one of the few bioarchaeological evaluations of probable vascular anomaly in a juvenile. As such, it expands our knowledge about vascular anomalies in the past and provides a comparative and core reference for guiding future paleopathological investigations on cranial osteolytic lesions.

Limitations

The skeletal assemblage is commingled and fragmentary preventing the assessment of the distribution of lesions across the skeleton.

Suggestions for future research

Further scrutiny of bioarchaeological collections is needed to better understand the distribution of vascular anomalies in the past.

材料该枕骨来自危地马拉多斯皮拉斯古典时期（公元 250-900 年）遗址的桑格雷洞穴。方法对该病变进行了宏观、显微和放射学检查。结果椭圆形病变的边缘呈环形，起源于颅内，涉及内、外台的皮质破坏。病变周围的骨膜下骨反应出现在颅外表面。病变附近没有观察到血管增多、二叶扩张和死前骨折的骨骼证据。病变的解剖位置和颅内起源表明可能存在血管异常，如血管畸形。因此，它扩展了我们对过去血管畸形的认识，并为指导今后对颅骨溶骨性病变的古病理学调查提供了比较和核心参考。

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引用次数: 0

Which types of bony changes in the maxillary sinus indicate chronic sinusitis? 上颌窦中哪种类型的骨质变化表明患有慢性鼻窦炎？

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.05.003

S. Mays , S. Stark , S. Zakrzewski , A. Vekony

Objectives

To determine which types of bone lesion (spicules, lobules, porous bone) in the maxillary sinus indicate sinusitis

Methods

Subadjacent dental disease is a cause of maxillary sinusitis; if a lesion type indicates sinusitis it should be more common above diseased posterior maxillary teeth than a lesion type that is not indicative of sinusitis. The study sample is a British Mediaeval human skeletal collection.

Results

Porous bone lesions (chiefly new bone deposits) in maxillary sinuses are associated with subadjacent dental disease; spicules/lobules of bone in the sinus are not.

Conclusions

The results support the idea that porous lesions indicate sinusitis but the spicules/lobules may not. Spicules, lobules and porous lesions within the maxillary sinus should be analysed separately in biocultural studies; it would be prudent to regard only the porous lesions as indicative of sinusitis.

Significance

Maxillary sinusitis is commonly used as a health indicator in palaeopathology, and spicular deposits are generally the most common type of alterations. By assuming that they are indicative of sinusitis we may have been greatly overestimating the prevalence of bony sinusitis in the past.

Limitations

These conclusions are provisional. Further work on larger, more diverse samples, together with more detailed anatomical studies on lesion location and structure is ongoing.

目的确定上颌窦中哪些类型的骨质病变（骨刺、骨小叶、多孔骨）预示着上颌窦炎方法上颌窦炎的病因之一是邻近牙齿疾病；如果一种病变类型预示着上颌窦炎，那么这种病变类型在患病的上颌后牙上方应该比不预示上颌窦炎的病变类型更常见。研究样本是英国中世纪的人类骨骼。结果上颌窦中的多孔骨病变（主要是新骨沉积）与下邻牙疾病有关；而窦中的骨刺/骨小叶则与之无关。在生物文化研究中，应分别分析上颌窦内的骨刺、小叶和多孔性病变；谨慎的做法是仅将多孔性病变视为上颌窦炎的标志。假定这些沉积物是鼻窦炎的标志，我们可能大大高估了过去骨性鼻窦炎的发病率。我们正在对更大规模、更多样化的样本进行进一步研究，并对病变位置和结构进行更详细的解剖学研究。

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引用次数: 0

Schmorl's nodes in a historic adult skeletal sample (19th to 20th centuries): An analysis of age, sex and occupation 历史上成人骨骼样本中的施莫尔结节（19 至 20 世纪）：年龄、性别和职业分析

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.05.002

João Tiago Brito , Ana Luísa Santos

Objective

This study explores the interplay between age-at-death, sex and occupation and the presence, location and severity of Schmorl’s nodes.

Materials

Vertebral columns of 327 individuals, 180 (55.1%) males and 147 (44.9%) females, with age-at-death between 20 and 65 years old, with known occupation.

Methods

Schmorl’s nodes were recorded as present/absent and by location and severity.

Results

In this sample, 58.7% (192/327) of individuals were affected by Schmorl’s nodes, 75.6% (136/180) were males and 38.1% (56/147) were females, with statistically significant differences (p=0.000). Schmorl’s nodes were most commonly found on the T7-L2 (77.1% of all Schmorl’s nodes) vertebrae and at the center (73.4%) of the vertebral body surface. Age and occupational categories did not correlate with prevalence, quantity or severity.

Conclusions

Males appear more prone to develop Schmorl's nodes than females. In this study, the prevalence of Schmorl’s nodes does not increase with age, nor with the type of occupation held by males.

Significance

This study rejects the purported associations between prevalence of Schmorl’s nodes and age and physical stress.

Limitations

It is unknown whether individuals had the same occupation throughout their lives or for how long they performed it. Additionally, it is impossible to access when the individual developed the Schmorl’s node.

Suggestions for further research

Evaluate the onset of Schmorl’s nodes in individuals under 20 and explore possible links between vertebral morphology and the occurrence of Schmorl’s nodes.

本研究探讨了死亡年龄、性别和职业与 Schmorl 结节的存在、位置和严重程度之间的相互作用。材料 327 名死亡年龄在 20 岁至 65 岁之间、已知职业的人的椎体，其中男性 180 人（55.1%），女性 147 人（44.9%）。结果在该样本中，58.7%（192/327）的人受到 Schmorl 节的影响，其中 75.6%（136/180）为男性，38.1%（56/147）为女性，差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）。Schmorl's结节最常见于T7-L2（占所有Schmorl's结节的77.1%）椎体和椎体表面中心（73.4%）。年龄和职业类别与发病率、数量或严重程度无关。在这项研究中，Schmorl's结节的患病率并不随年龄的增长而增加，也不随男性从事的职业类型而增加。对进一步研究的建议评估 20 岁以下人群中 Schmorl 节的发病情况，并探索脊椎形态与 Schmorl 节发生之间的可能联系。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Disability and care in Western Europe during Medieval times: A bioarchaeological perspective” [Int. J. Paleopathol. 44 (2024) 119–125] 中世纪西欧的残疾与护理：44 (2024) 119-125].

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.004

Ileana Micarelli , Mary Anne Tafuri , Lorna Tilley

引用次数: 0

A macroscopic assessment of porosity and new bone formation on the inferior pars basilaris: Normal growth or an indicator of scurvy? 对基底膜下旁的孔隙率和新骨形成的宏观评估：正常生长还是坏血病指标？

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.05.001

Jack Eggington , Rebecca Pitt , Claire Hodson

Objectives

This research aims to determine the aetiology of porosity and subperiosteal new bone formation on the inferior surface of the pars basilaris.

Materials

A total of 199 non-adult individuals aged 36 weeks gestation to 3.5 years, from a total of 12 archaeological sites throughout the UK, including Iron Age (n=43), Roman (n=12), and post-medieval (n=145) sites, with a preserved pars basilaris.

Methods

The pars basilaris was divided into six segments, with porosity (micro and macro) and subperiosteal new bone formation recorded on the inferior surface in scorbutic and non-scorbutic individuals. Scurvy was diagnosed using criteria from the palaeopathological literature that was developed using a biological approach.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in microporosity between scorbutic and non-scorbutic individuals in four out of the six segments analysed. There was a significant negative correlation between age and microporosity in non-scorbutic and scorbutic individuals. A significant difference in subperiosteal new bone formation was observed between scorbutic and non-scorbutic individuals.

Conclusions

Microporosity on the inferior pars basilaris should not be considered among the suite of lesions included in the macroscopic assessment of scurvy in non-adult skeletal remains (less than 3.5 years).

Significance

This study highlights the risk of over diagnosing scurvy in past populations.

Limitations

It is difficult to distinguish between physiological (normal) and pathological (abnormal) bone changes in the skeleton of individuals less than one year of age.

Suggestions for further research

Future research should focus on the analysis of individuals over 3.5 years of age.

目的本研究旨在确定基底面下表面多孔和骨膜下新骨形成的病因。方法将基底动脉旁分为六个部分，记录坏血病和非坏血病患者基底动脉旁下表面的孔隙率（微孔和大孔）和骨膜下新骨形成情况。结果在所分析的六个切面中，有四个切面的微孔率在统计学上没有显著差异。非秃顶者和秃顶者的年龄与微孔之间存在明显的负相关。结论在对非成人骨骼遗骸（小于 3.5 年）进行坏血病宏观评估时，不应将基底动脉下旁的微孔视为一系列病变。意义本研究强调了在过去的人群中过度诊断坏血病的风险。局限性很难区分一岁以下个体骨骼中的生理性（正常）和病理性（异常）骨骼变化。

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引用次数: 0

Temporal pattern of dental caries at the western flank of the Central Plateau of Iran, c. 2700 BCE – 1600 CE 约公元前 2700 年至公元前 1600 年伊朗中部高原西侧的龋齿时间模式

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.03.001

Tabasom Ilkhan , Joanna Trębicka , Arkadiusz Sołtysiak

Objective

To analyze the overall frequency and inter-tooth patterns of caries in three populations from ancient cemeteries located along the western border of the Central Iranian Plateau as a means to explore whether the populations of Iran had greater access to fermentable sugars after the establishment of the great empires.

Materials

Dental collections from Kafarved-Varzaneh (Early Bronze Age, MNI=66), Estark-Joshaqan (Iron Age, MNI=57), Tappeh Poustchi (Timurid and Safavid Period, MNI=34), together with comparative data from NE Syria.

Methods

Frequencies of dental caries per tooth categories, location and size of carious lesions are analyzed using Smith’s Mean Measure of Divergence, Correspondence Analysis, χ² and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results

There are minimal differences in overall frequencies of carious lesions at Iranian sites, regardless of the chronology, but notable differences at Syrian sites. The inter-tooth pattern at the Iron Age cemetery in Estark appears distinctly different than the other Iranian sites and the comparative samples from Syria.

Conclusions

Divergent subsistence strategies may be linked with different inter-tooth patterns since people buried at Estark were mobile herders, while the other cemeteries were used by settled farmers.

Significance

This comprehensive research on dental caries in three chronologically diverse populations in Iran sheds light on the association between dental caries and subsistence strategies, and introduces the Smith’s Mean Measure of Divergence to explore inter-tooth carious patterns, which may prove useful to other researchers seeking to understand the relationships between subsistence, diet, and the presence of carious lesions.

Limitations

The studied sample size is relatively small and therefore its temporal/regional distribution produces low-resolution results.

Suggestions for further research

More systematic research on the patterns of dental caries is necessary to produce more fine-grained reconstructions of diet and subsistence in Iran and around the globe.

目的分析伊朗中部高原西部边境古代墓地中三个人群龋齿的总体频率和齿间模式，以此探讨伊朗人群在大帝国建立后是否有更多机会获得发酵糖。材料来自 Kafarved-Varzaneh（青铜时代早期，MNI=66）、Estark-Joshaqan（铁器时代，MNI=57）、Tappeh Poustchi（帖木儿和萨非时期，MNI=34）的牙科藏品，以及来自叙利亚东北部的对比数据。方法使用史密斯平均差测量法、对应分析法、χ2 和 Kruskal-Wallis 检验法分析每种牙齿类别的龋齿频率、龋坏位置和大小。结论不同的生存策略可能与不同的牙间模式有关，因为埋葬在埃斯塔克的人是流动的牧民，而其他墓地则是定居的农民。意义这项对伊朗三个年代不同人群龋齿情况的综合研究揭示了龋齿与生存策略之间的关联，并引入了史密斯平均差测量法来探讨牙齿间的龋坏模式，这可能对其他研究人员了解生存、饮食和龋病之间的关系很有帮助。对进一步研究的建议有必要对龋齿模式进行更系统的研究，以便对伊朗和全球的饮食和生计进行更精细的重建。

{"title":"Temporal pattern of dental caries at the western flank of the Central Plateau of Iran, c. 2700 BCE – 1600 CE","authors":"Tabasom Ilkhan , Joanna Trębicka , Arkadiusz Sołtysiak","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To analyze the overall frequency and inter-tooth patterns of caries in three populations from ancient cemeteries located along the western border of the Central Iranian Plateau as a means to explore whether the populations of Iran had greater access to fermentable sugars after the establishment of the great empires.</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Dental collections from Kafarved-Varzaneh (Early Bronze Age, MNI=66), Estark-Joshaqan (Iron Age, MNI=57), Tappeh Poustchi (Timurid and Safavid Period, MNI=34), together with comparative data from NE Syria.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Frequencies of dental caries per tooth categories, location and size of carious lesions are analyzed using Smith’s Mean Measure of Divergence, Correspondence Analysis, χ<sup>2</sup> and Kruskal-Wallis tests.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There are minimal differences in overall frequencies of carious lesions at Iranian sites, regardless of the chronology, but notable differences at Syrian sites. The inter-tooth pattern at the Iron Age cemetery in Estark appears distinctly different than the other Iranian sites and the comparative samples from Syria.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Divergent subsistence strategies may be linked with different inter-tooth patterns since people buried at Estark were mobile herders, while the other cemeteries were used by settled farmers.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This comprehensive research on dental caries in three chronologically diverse populations in Iran sheds light on the association between dental caries and subsistence strategies, and introduces the Smith’s Mean Measure of Divergence to explore inter-tooth carious patterns, which may prove useful to other researchers seeking to understand the relationships between subsistence, diet, and the presence of carious lesions.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The studied sample size is relatively small and therefore its temporal/regional distribution produces low-resolution results.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>More systematic research on the patterns of dental caries is necessary to produce more fine-grained reconstructions of diet and subsistence in Iran and around the globe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140807491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protozoan parasites of birds from the Tremembé formation (Oligocene of the Taubaté Basin), São Paulo, Brazil 巴西圣保罗特雷门贝地层（陶巴特盆地渐新世）鸟类的原生动物寄生虫

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.003

Gustavo Macêdo Do Carmo , Bruno Pereira Berto , Felipe Bisaggio Pereira , Sueli De Souza Lima , Hermínio Ismael De Araújo-Júnior , Ralph Maturano Pinheiro

Objective

To analyze the presence of protozoan parasites in bird coprolites from the Tremembé Formation (Oligocene of the Taubaté Basin).

Materials

Twenty avian coprolites embedded in pyrobituminous shale matrices.

Methods

Samples were rehydrated and subjected to spontaneous sedimentation.

Results

Paleoparasitological analyses revealed oocysts compatible with the Eimeriidae family (Apicomplexa) and one single Archamoebae (Amoebozoa) cyst.

Conclusions

The present work increases the amount of information about the spread of infections throughout the Cenozoic Era and reveals that the Brazilian paleoavifauna played an important role in the Apicomplexa and Amoebozoa life cycles.

Significance

This is the first record of protozoans in avian coprolites from the Oligocene of Brazil. These findings can help in the interpretation of phylogenies of coccidian parasites of modern birds, as certain taxonomic characters observed in the Oligocene Protozoa characterize monophyletic groups in current molecular phylogenetic analyses.

Limitations

None of the oocysts were sporulated; therefore, it is not possible to identify the morphotypes to genus or species.

Suggestions for further research

Our results create new perspectives related to biogeographic studies of the parasitic groups described and may improve the understanding of the temporal amplitude of parasitic evolutionary relationships between Protozoans and birds.

目的分析特雷门贝地层（陶巴特盆地渐新世）鸟类桡骨岩中的原生动物寄生虫。方法将样本重新水化并进行自发沉积。结果淡色寄生虫学分析发现了与埃米里科（Apicomplexa）兼容的卵囊和一个阿米巴虫（Amoezoa）囊蚴。结论本研究工作增加了有关感染在整个新生代传播的信息量，并揭示了巴西古鸟类在喙螨科和变形虫的生命周期中发挥了重要作用。这些发现有助于解释现代鸟类球虫寄生虫的系统发育，因为在目前的分子系统发育分析中，在渐新世原生动物中观察到的某些分类特征具有单系群的特征。对进一步研究的建议我们的研究结果为所述寄生虫类群的生物地理学研究提供了新的视角，并可加深对原生动物与鸟类之间寄生虫进化关系的时间幅度的理解。

{"title":"Protozoan parasites of birds from the Tremembé formation (Oligocene of the Taubaté Basin), São Paulo, Brazil","authors":"Gustavo Macêdo Do Carmo , Bruno Pereira Berto , Felipe Bisaggio Pereira , Sueli De Souza Lima , Hermínio Ismael De Araújo-Júnior , Ralph Maturano Pinheiro","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To analyze the presence of protozoan parasites in bird coprolites from the Tremembé Formation (Oligocene of the Taubaté Basin).</p></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><p>Twenty avian coprolites embedded in pyrobituminous shale matrices.</p></div><div><h3><strong>Methods</strong></h3><p>Samples were rehydrated and subjected to spontaneous sedimentation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Paleoparasitological analyses revealed oocysts compatible with the Eimeriidae family (Apicomplexa) and one single Archamoebae (Amoebozoa) cyst.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The present work increases the amount of information about the spread of infections throughout the Cenozoic Era and reveals that the Brazilian paleoavifauna played an important role in the Apicomplexa and Amoebozoa life cycles.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>This is the first record of protozoans in avian coprolites from the Oligocene of Brazil. These findings can help in the interpretation of phylogenies of coccidian parasites of modern birds, as certain taxonomic characters observed in the Oligocene Protozoa characterize monophyletic groups in current molecular phylogenetic analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>None of the oocysts were sporulated; therefore, it is not possible to identify the morphotypes to genus or species.</p></div><div><h3>Suggestions for further research</h3><p>Our results create new perspectives related to biogeographic studies of the parasitic groups described and may improve the understanding of the temporal amplitude of parasitic evolutionary relationships between Protozoans and birds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Paleopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140632829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two cases of smallpox from 1540 CE circum-contact (early colonial) Northern Coastal Peru 公元 1540 年与周边国家接触（早期殖民地）期间秘鲁北部沿海地区的两例天花病例

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.002

Khrystyne Tschinkel , John Verano , Gabriel Prieto

Objective

This project seeks to create a differential diagnosis for lesions found on the skeletal remains of two children as a means to explore the presence of viral disease in 16th- century Peru.

Materials

Extremely well-preserved human remains of two children who died between the ages of 1–2 years old, recovered from the circum-contact (∼1540 CE) cemetery in Huanchaco, Peru.

Methods

Macroscopic and radiographic analysis.

Results

Both individuals present with cortical thickening, symmetrical destructive lesions, metaphyseal expansion, perforations, exposure of the medullary cavity, resorption of metaphyseal ends and necrosis of the long bones, and deposited reactive new bone. These features are consistent with osteomyelitis variolosa and bacterial osteomyelitis.

Conclusions

Three features of Individuals IG-124 and IG-493 suggest a highly consistent diagnosis of osteomyelitis variolosa: multiple skeletal lesions, the historical context of the area, and the high mortality rate of non-adults in the circum-contact cemetery.

Significance

Although viral infections are ubiquitous and well documented historically, their etiologies are often difficult to determine in archaeological populations. Orthopoxvirus variola (smallpox) is one of the many viruses whose archaeological impact is still under explored in skeletal remains.

Limitations

The absence of smallpox in other children from the Huanchaco cemetery creates difficulty in ascertaining true prevalence rates or information on potential outbreaks.

Suggestions for further research

Further research analyzing aDNA from calculus and/or residues using a DIP-GC-MS method might create a better understanding of how smallpox spread through the region.

材料从秘鲁胡安查科（Huanchaco）周长接触（公元 1540 年）墓地发掘的两具保存极为完好的人类遗骸，死者年龄在 1-2 岁之间。方法显微镜和放射学分析。结果两具遗骸均出现皮质增厚、对称性破坏性病变、骺端扩张、穿孔、髓腔暴露、骺端吸收和长骨坏死，以及反应性新骨沉积。这些特征与变异性骨髓炎和细菌性骨髓炎相一致。结论IG-124 号和 IG-493 号个体的三个特征表明与变异性骨髓炎的诊断高度一致：多发性骨骼病变、该地区的历史背景以及环接触墓地中非成人的高死亡率。天花病毒是众多病毒中的一种，其对骨骼遗骸的考古学影响仍在探索之中。局限性在环查科墓地的其他儿童中没有发现天花，这给确定真正的流行率或潜在疫情信息造成了困难。

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引用次数: 0

Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis: A comparison of osteological and CT methods of diagnosis 慢性上颌窦炎：骨学诊断法与 CT 诊断法的比较

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.001

Maia Casna, Sarah A. Schrader

Objective

To assess the differences between endoscopic and radiological methods of analysis for diagnosing chronic maxillary sinusitis (CMS) in archaeological skeletal remains.

Materials

32 crania from a Dutch post-medieval rural population.

Methods

We assessed the presence of bone changes indicative of CMS (i.e., bone growth and bone resorption) both endoscopically and through computed tomography (CT), and then compared results.

Results

We observed moderate agreement between bone growth scores obtained through endoscopy and CT, and fair agreement when assessing bone resorption.

Conclusions

CMS prevalence rates observed through CT may be comparable to rates assessed endoscopically, although caution is needed when making direct comparisons.

Significance

This is the first study comparing data obtained through endoscopy and radiological methods in the study of CMS, informing paleopathologists about potential biases in data comparison.

Limitations

Our small sample size likely impacted results.

Suggestions for further research

Further research is advised to fully explore the comparability of endoscopic and radiological method of analysis in the study of sinusitis.

Data Availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available upon request.

目的评估内窥镜和放射学分析方法在诊断考古骨骼遗骸中的慢性上颌窦炎（CMS）方面的差异、结果我们观察到内窥镜检查和计算机断层扫描（CT）获得的骨生长评分之间存在一定程度的一致性，而在评估骨吸收时，两者之间的一致性尚可。意义这是第一项比较通过内窥镜和放射学方法获得的 CMS 研究数据的研究，为古病理学家提供了数据比较中可能存在的偏差。

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引用次数: 0

Evidence of non-adult vitamin C deficiency in three early medieval sites in the Jaun/Podjuna Valley, Carinthia, Austria 奥地利卡林西亚州 Jaun/Podjuna 谷地三处中世纪早期遗址中非成人维生素 C 缺乏症的证据

IF 1.2 3区地球科学 Q1 Arts and Humanities

International Journal of Paleopathology

Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.02.002

Magdalena T. Srienc-Ściesiek , Nina Richards , Sabine Ladstätter , Sylvia Kirchengast

Objective

This study aims to determine and discuss the prevalence of non-adult scurvy cases from the early medieval Jaun/Podjuna Valley in southern Austria.

Materials

86 non-adult individuals were assessed from three early medieval sites.

Methods

Morphological characteristics associated with suggestive and probable scurvy were observed macroscopically and under 20–40x magnification.

Results

A significant relationship between the prevalence of scurvy and age group was observed. Perinates (46%, 6/13) and children (27.5%, 8/28) showed a high prevalence of skeletal features indicating a diagnosis of scurvy, while no cases of scurvy were observed in adolescents and adults.

Conclusions

In this Alpine region, scurvy occurred frequently in infants and children. Seasonal fluctuations of diet are discussed as factors triggering scurvy.

Significance

This study sheds new light on the prevalence of scurvy in the Alpine region and how the region developed after the fall of the Roman Noricum. It also models ways in which multiple lines of evidence can contribute to the diagnostic process.

Limitations

Poor preservation posed a challenge to identifying probable cases of scurvy. Likewise, non-adult remains are difficult to diagnose due to their developing nature and it is not always possible to distinguish between normal bone growth and pathological growth.

Suggestions for further research

Future applications of biomolecular studies will help illustrate changes in diet that may have contributed to vitamin deficiencies.

本研究旨在确定和讨论奥地利南部中世纪早期雅恩/波德朱纳山谷非成人坏血病病例的患病率。材料对三个中世纪早期遗址中的 86 名非成人进行了评估。方法在 20-40 倍放大镜下对与提示性和可能的坏血病相关的形态特征进行宏观观察。围产期儿童（6/13，46%）和儿童（8/28，27.5%）的骨骼特征显示出较高的坏血病诊断率，而在青少年和成年人中未发现坏血病病例。本研究对阿尔卑斯山地区坏血病的流行情况以及该地区在罗马诺里科姆灭亡后的发展情况提供了新的信息。局限性保存不善给确定坏血病可能病例带来了挑战。同样，非成人遗骸由于其发育性质也很难诊断，而且并不总是能够区分正常的骨骼生长和病理生长。

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引用次数: 0